Chapter III: Introduction: To John Cleveland (2)

are more poetic than these, but may be less original. Even
that, however, is uncertain. Both poets, though Benlowes was
a good deal the elder, were of St. John's, and must, even in
other ways, have known each other: _Theophila_ appeared a year
after the edition in which this poem was first included. But
the indebtedness may be the other way, or common to an earlier
original, or non-existent.]

[Line: 19 Deals out] The earlier texts have 'Dazzle's', but
_1677_ seems here to have introduced the true reading found
also in the _MS._ 'Deals out' is far more poetical: the eye
clothes with its own reflection sky and stars, and earth.]

[Lines: 20-3 The punctuation of all editions, including Mr.
Berdan's, makes these lines either totally unintelligible, or
very confused, by putting a stop at 'spectacles' and none at
'beams'. That adopted in the text makes it quite clear.]

[Line: 30 circle] 'compass' _1651_, _1653_, evidently wrong.]

[Line: 33 It is not impossible that Aphra Behn had these
lines unconsciously in her head when she wrote her own finest
passage. Unconsciously, for the drift is quite different; but
'hurled', 'amorous', and 'world' come close together in both.]

[Line: 34 _1651_, _1653_ again 'compass' for 'girdle'.]

[Line: 37 'would', the reading of _1651_, _1653_, infinitely
better than 'could', that of _1677_.]

[Line: 45 In this pyramidally metaphysical passage Cleveland
does not quite play the game. Mahomet's pigeon did not _kiss_
him. But 'privy seals to take up hearts' is very dear to
fancy, most delicate, and of liberal conceit. So also 'jewels
are in ear-rings worn' below; where the game is played to its
rigour, though the reader may not at first see it.]

[Line: 46 his] 'her' _1651_, _1653_; but it clearly should be
'his', which is in _1677_.]

[Line: 53 _1651_, _1653_ read 'Next to those sweets her lips
dispense', _nescio an melius_.]

[Line: 61 her] 'our,' a variant of one edition (_1665_) is all
wrong.]

[Line: 62 Mr. Berdan has strangely misinterpreted 'venter'.
The phrase is quite a common one--'of the second _marriage_.'
The first kiss comes of lip and lip, the second of lip and
love.]

[Line: 67 pickeering] 'marauding', 'skirmishing in front of an
army'.]

[Line: 70 For 'join' [jine] _1651_, _1653_ and others have
'whine'--suggesting the Latin _gannitus_ frequent in such
contexts. But 'join' must be right. Professor Gordon points
out that the passage is a reminiscence of Donne, in his
_Extasie_:

As 'twixt two equall Armies, Fate
Suspends uncertaine victorie,
Our soules (which to advance their state
Were gone out,) hung 'twixt her, and mee.(13-16.)

This is contrasted with the bodily 'entergrafting' of l. 9,
&c.]

[Line: 74 When 'prose and sense' came in they were very
contemptuous of this Baron Tell-clock. But the image is
complete, congruous, and capable of being championed.]

[Line: 75 'Boutesel' of course = 'boot and saddle', albeit
'boute' does not mean 'boot'.]

The Hecatomb to his Mistress.

Be dumb, you beggars of the rhyming trade,
Geld your loose wits and let your Muse be spayed.
Charge not the parish with the bastard phrase
Of balm, elixir, both the Indias,
Of shrine, saint, sacrilege, and such as these
Expressions common as your mistresses.
Hence, you fantastic postillers in song.
My text defeats your art, ties Nature's tongue,
Scorns all her tinselled metaphors of pelf,
Illustrated by nothing but herself. 10
As spiders travel by their bowels spun
Into a thread, and, when the race is run,
Wind up their journey in a living clew,
So is it with my poetry and you.
From your own essence must I first untwine,
Then twist again each panegyric line.
Reach then a soaring quill that I may write,
As with a Jacob's staff, to take her height.
Suppose an angel, darting through the air,
Should there encounter a religious prayer 20
Mounting to Heaven, that Intelligence
Should for a Sunday-suit thy breath condense
Into a body.--Let me crack a string
In venturing higher; were the note I sing
Above Heaven's Ela, should I then decline,
And with a deep-mouthed gamut sound the line
From pole to pole, I could not reach her worth,
Nor find an epithet to set it forth.
Metals may blazon common beauties; she
Makes pearls and planets humble heraldry. 30
As, then, a purer substance is defined
But by a heap of negatives combined,
Ask what a spirit is, you'll hear them cry
It hath no matter, no mortality:
So can I not define how sweet, how fair;
Only I say she 's not as others are.
For what perfections we to others grant,
It is her sole perfection to want.
All other forms seem in respect of thee
The almanac's misshaped anatomy, 40
Where Aries head and face, Bull neck and throat,
The Scorpion gives the secrets, knees the Goat;
A brief of limbs foul as those beasts, or are
Their namesake signs in their strange character.
As the philosophers to every sense
Marry its object, yet with some dispense,
And grant them a polygamy with all,
And these their common sensibles they call:
So is 't with her who, stinted unto none,
Unites all senses in each action. 50
The same beam heats and lights; to see her well
Is both to hear and feel, to taste and smell.
For, can you want a palate in your eyes,
When each of hers contains a double prize,
Venus's apple? Can your eyes want nose
When from each cheek buds forth a fragrant rose?
Or can your sight be deaf to such a quick
And well-tuned face, such moving rhetoric?
Doth not each look a flash of lightning feel
Which spares the body's sheath, and melts the steel? 60
Thy soul must needs confess, or grant thy sense
Corrupted with the object's excellence.
Sweet magic, which can make five senses lie
Conjured within the circle of an eye!
In whom, since all the five are intermixed,
Oh now that Scaliger would prove his sixt!
Thou man of mouth, that canst not name a she
Unless all Nature pay a subsidy,
Whose language is a tax, whose musk-cat verse
Voids nought but flowers, for thy Muse's hearse 70
Fitter than Celia's looks, who in a trice
Canst state the long disputed Paradise,
And (what Divines hunt with so cold a scent)
Canst in her bosom find it resident;
Now come aloft, come now, and breathe a vein,
And give some vent unto thy daring strain.
Say the astrologer who spells the stars,
In that fair alphabet reads peace and wars,
Mistakes his globe and in her brighter eye
Interprets Heaven's physiognomy. 80
Call her the Metaphysics of her sex,
And say she tortures wits as quartans vex
Physicians; call her the square circle; say
She is the very rule of Algebra.
What e'er thou understand'st not, say 't of her,
For that 's the way to write her character.
Say this and more, and when thou hopest to raise
Thy fancy so as to inclose her praise--
Alas poor Gotham, with thy cuckoo-hedge!
Hyperboles are here but sacrilege. 90
Then roll up, Muse, what thou hast ravelled out,
Some comments clear not, but increase the doubt.
She that affords poor mortals not a glance
Of knowledge, but is known by ignorance;
She that commits a rape on every sense,
Whose breath can countermand a pestilence;
She that can strike the best invention dead
Till baffled poetry hangs down the head--
She, she it is that doth contain all bliss,
And makes the world but her periphrasis. 100

[_The Hecatomb to his Mistress._] (_1651_.) This
poem is perhaps the best text to prove (or endeavour to prove)
that Cleveland's object was really burlesque.]

[Line: 1 you] 'ye' _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 2 _1651_, _1653_ read 'the' for 'your', and 'splaid':
'spade' _1677_. 'Spay' or 'splay' to destroy the reproductive
powers of a female.]

[Line: 3 the bastard] _1677_ again alters 'the' to 'your',
which does not seem good.]

[Line: 5 sacrilege] sacrifice _1677_.]

[Line: 6 your] their _1653_, &c.]

[Line: 7 postillers] The word means glossers or commentators
on Scripture, and has acquired in several languages a
contemptuous meaning from the frequently commonplace and
trivial character of such things. 'ye fantastic' _1653_.]

[Line: 9 _1651_, _1653_ have 'his' for 'her', and in the next
line 'his self' for 'herself'. The poem is particularly badly
printed in this group, and I think the _1677_ editors, in
trying to mend it, have mistaken some places. Thus in ...]

[Line: 22 They print 'Would' for 'Should'. This may look
better at first; but I at least can make no real sense of it.
With 'Should' I can make some. The poet starts an extravagant
comparison in 19-21; continues it in '[suppose] that
Intelligence should', &c.; finds it will not do, and breaks
it off with the parenthetical 'Let me' &c. To bring this out
I have inserted the --.]

[Line: 24 _1677_ 'And venture', with a full-stop at 'higher',
not so well; but in ...]

[Line: 25 '_un_decline' _1651_, _1653_, &c. is nonsense;
while in the next line 'sound _agen_' either points to a
complete breakdown or indicates that, on the most recent
Cockney principles, 'again' could be pronounced 'ag_ine_'
and rhymes _à la_ Mrs. Browning. The text is _1677_.]

[Line: 28 set] shadow _1677_.]

[Line: 35 define] describe _1677_.]

[Line: 37 perfections _1651_, _1653_: perfection _1677_.]

[Line: 43 brief = 'list'.]

[Line: 44 name-sak'd _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 45 the] your _1677_.]

[Line: 52 _1677_, not nearly so well, 'see and' for 'feel,
to'. You want the list of senses completed and summed up by
such a palate in 'see', which, repeated, spoils all.]

[Line: 54 _1651_, _1653_ have 'his' for 'hers'; but 'a double
prize' is more vivid if less strictly defensible than 'the
beauteous' of _1677_. So in 56 _1677_ opens with 'Seeing each'
instead of 'When from'--much feebler. But in 57-8 The text,
which is _1677_, is better than _1653_:

Or can the sight be deaf _if she but speak_,
A well-tuned face, such moving rhetoric?

which indeed is, if not nonsense, most clumsily expressed,
even if comma at 'face' be deleted.]

[Line: 60 and melts] yet melts _1677_.]

[Line: 66 'sixt' _1651_, _1653_, _1677_.]

[Lines: 70-1 The punctuation of the old texts--no comma at
'flowers' and one at 'hearse'--makes the passage hard to
understand. As I have altered this punctuation, it is clear.]

[Line: 73 what Divines] _1651_, _1653_, &c. 'with Divines'.]

[Line: 75 come now _1677_: come, come _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 83 square] squared _1677_. If all this is not burlesque
it is very odd.]

[Line: 85 you undertake not _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 91 roll] rouse _1651_, _1653_. ravelled] revealed
_1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 98 the] her _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 100 The hundred lines making the _heca_tomb--and the
metaphysical matter the subject of sacrifice.]

Upon Sir Thomas Martin,

Who subscribed a Warrant thus: 'We the Knights and Gentlemen of the Committee,' &c. when there was no Knight but himself.

Hang out a flag and gather pence--A piece
Which Afric never bred nor swelling Greece
With stories' tympany, a beast so rare
No lecturer's wrought cap, nor Bartholomew Fair
Can match him; nature's whimsey, that outvies
Tradescant and his ark of novelties;
The Gog and Magog of prodigious sights,
With reverence to your eyes, Sir Thomas Knights.
But is this bigamy of titles due?
Are you Sir Thomas and Sir Martin too? 10
Issachar couchant 'twixt a brace of sirs,
Thou knighthood in a pair of panniers;
Thou, that look'st, wrapped up in thy warlike leather,
Like Valentine and Orson bound together;
Spurs' representative! thou, that art able
To be a voider to King Arthur's table;
Who, in this sacrilegious mass of all,
It seems has swallowed Windsor's Hospital;
Pair-royal-headed Cerberus's cousin.
Hercules' labours were a baker's dozen, 20
Had he but trumped on thee, whose forked neck
Might well have answered at the font for Smec.
But can a knighthood on a knighthood lie?
Metal on metal is ill armory;
And yet the known Godfrey of Bouillon's coat
Shines in exception to the herald's vote.
Great spirits move not by pedantic laws;
Their actions, though eccentric, state the cause,
And Priscian bleeds with honour. Caesar thus
Subscribed two consuls with one Julius. 30
Tom, never oaded squire, scarce yeoman-high,
Is Tom twice dipped, knight of a double dye!
Fond man, whose fate is in his name betrayed!
It is the setting sun doubles his shade.
But it 's no matter, for amphibious he
May have a knight hanged, yet Sir Tom go free!

[_Upon Sir Thomas Martin._] (_1651_.) We here turn
to the other side of Cleveland's work, where jest and earnest
are combined in a very different fashion. Martin was a member
of the Committee of Sequestration appointed under the Act of
April 1, 1643, which, in a more fearless and thoroughgoing
fashion than that of some later legislation, confiscated in
a lump the property of certain bishops and of political
opponents generally. The sequestrators for Cambridge were
this man and two other knights--Sir Dudley North and Sir John
Cutts; with two esquires--a Captain Symonds and Dudley Pope.]

[Line: 1 'pence apiece' _1651_, which makes doubtful sense.
_1653_, _1677_, and all others before me, have 'pence a
piece', which I believe to be careless printing for the
text above. The 'piece' is the same as the 'beast', and the
brackets which follow in the originals are a printer's error.
'Piece', in this sense of 'rare object', is not uncommon.
Cf. Prospero's 'Thy mother was a _piece_ of _virtue_.' 'Pence
apiece' (about the same as the Scotch fishwife's 'pennies
each'), if not, as Mr. Berdan says, 'proverbial', is certainly
a perfectly common expression, still I think existing, but it
is difficult to see how what follows can thus suit it. 'Which'
must have an antecedent.]

[Line: 4 'Bartlemew' _1651_, _1653_: 'Bartholmew' _1654_.
The word was, of course, pronounced 'Bartlemy,' and almost
dissyllabically.]

[Line: 5 that outvies] _1651_, _1653_ 'one that outvies',
perhaps rightly.]

[Line: 6 Tredeskin _1651_, _1653_: Tredescant _1677_.]

[Line: 11 The reference to the animal between two burdens
to whom Issachar is biblically compared (Gen. xlix. 14) is
perhaps meant to be additionally pointed by 'Sir _Martin_',
the latter being one of the story-names of the much-enduring
beast.]

[Line: 16 voider] The servant who clears the table; also, but
here less probably, the tray or basket used for the purpose.]

[Line: 18 The 'Poor Knights of Windsor' having fallen, like
other institutions, into the maw of plebeian and Puritan
plunder.]

[Line: 19 The hyphen at 'Pair-royal', which Mr. Berdan has
dropped, is important, the term being technical in certain
card-games and meaning _three_ cards of the same value--kings,
&c.]

[Line: 21 trumped on thee = turned thee up like a trump.]

[Line: 22 'Smec'--of course--'tymnuus', and used both for the
sake of contempt and as denoting a plurality of person.]

[Line: 24 The principle of this line is of course part of
the A B C of the more modern and dogmatic heraldry: the
application will lie either on sword or spur, the two
characteristic insignia of knighthood and both metallic.
_1677_ changed 'ill armory' to 'false heraldry', and Scott was
probably thinking of this line when he made Prince John and
Wamba between them use the phrase in _Ivanhoe_.]

[Line: 25 Godfrey's arms as King of Jerusalem--five golden
crosses on a silver shield--were commonly quoted, as Cleveland
quotes them, in special exception to the rule. But my friend
Mr. F. P. Barnard, Professor of Mediaeval Archaeology in the
University of Liverpool, to whom I owe the materials of this
note, tells me that he has collected many other cases,
English and foreign. The objection, however, was originally
a practical one, metal on metal and colour on colour being
difficult to distinguish _in the field_. It passed into a
technical rule later.]

[Line: 29 Priscian's head may not have bled here before it was
broken by Butler; but the dates of the _writing_ of _Hudibras_
are quite uncertain.]

[Line: 31 oaded] This singular word is in all the editions I
have seen. _1699_ makes it 'loaded', with no sense that I can
see in this passage. Can it be 'oathèd'--be sworn either to
the commission of the peace or something else that gave the
title 'Esquire'? 'Oad', however, = woad; cf. Minsheu, _Guide
into Tongues_, 1617 'Oade, _an hearbe_. Vide _Woade_'. This
would certainly suit the next line.]

On the memory of Mr. Edward King, drowned in the Irish Seas.

I like not tears in tune, nor do I prize
His artificial grief who scans his eyes.
Mine weep down pious beads, but why should I
Confine them to the Muse's rosary?
I am no poet here; my pen 's the spout
Where the rain-water of mine eyes run out
In pity of that name, whose fate we see
Thus copied out in grief's hydrography.
The Muses are not mermaids, though upon
His death the ocean might turn Helicon. 10
The sea's too rough for verse; who rhymes upon 't
With Xerxes strives to fetter th' Hellespont.
My tears will keep no channel, know no laws
To guide their streams, but (like the waves, their cause)
Run with disturbance, till they swallow me
As a description of his misery.
But can his spacious virtue find a grave
Within th' imposthumed bubble of a wave?
Whose learning if we sound, we must confess
The sea but shallow, and him bottomless. 20
Could not the winds to countermand thy death
With their whole card of lungs redeem thy breath?
Or some new island in thy rescue peep
To heave thy resurrection from the deep,
That so the world might see thy safety wrought
With no less wonder than thyself was thought?
The famous Stagirite (who in his life
Had Nature as familiar as his wife)
Bequeathed his widow to survive with thee,
Queen Dowager of all philosophy. 30
An ominous legacy, that did portend
Thy fate and predecessor's second end.
Some have affirmed that what on earth we find,
The sea can parallel in shape and kind.
Books, arts, and tongues were wanting, but in thee
Neptune hath got an university.
We'll dive no more for pearls; the hope to see
Thy sacred reliques of mortality
Shall welcome storms, and make the seamen prize
His shipwreck now more than his merchandise. 40
He shall embrace the waves, and to thy tomb
As to a Royaller Exchange shall come.
What can we now expect? Water and fire,
Both elements our ruin do conspire.
And that dissolves us which doth us compound:
One Vatican was burnt, another drowned.
We of the gown our libraries must toss
To understand the greatness of our loss;
Be pupils to our grief, and so much grow
In learning, as our sorrows overflow. 50
When we have filled the rundlets of our eyes
We'll issue 't forth and vent such elegies
As that our tears shall seem the Irish Seas,
We floating islands, living Hebrides.

[_On the Memory of Mr. Edward King._] First printed
in the memorial volume of Cambridge verse to King, _1638_;
included in the _Poems_ of _1651_. It is of course easy (and
it may be feared that it has too often been done) to contrast
this disadvantageously with _Lycidas_. A specific or generic
comparison, bringing out the difference of ephemeral and
eternal style in verse, will not be found unprofitable and is
almost as easy to make. No reader of Milton--and any one who
has not read Milton is very unlikely to read this--can need
information on King or on the circumstances of his death.
_1651_ and _1653_ add a spurious duplicate, the last fourteen
lines of W. More's elegy which followed Cleveland's in the
Cambridge volume.

* _On the Same._

Tell me no more of Stoics: canst thou tell
Who 'twas that when the waves began to swell,
The ship to sink, sad passengers to call
'Master, we perish'--slept secure of all?
Remember this, and him that waking kept
A mind as constant as he did that slept.
Canst thou give credit to his zeal and love
That went to Heaven, and to those flames above,
Wrapt in a fiery chariot? Since I heard
Who 'twas, that on his knees the vessel steered
With hands bolt up to Heaven, since I see
As yet no signs of his mortality,--
Pardon me, Reader, if I say he's gone
The self-same journey in a wat'ry one.
]

[Line: 1 do] will _1638_.]

[Line: 2 who] that _1638_.]

[Line: 6 _1651_ 'runs': all other editions (including _1638_)
'run'. The attraction to 'eyes' is one of the commonest of
things.]

[Line: 10 The everlasting confusion of 'mount' and 'fount'
occurs in 'Helicon.']

[Line: 26 wonder] miracle _1638_.]

[Line: 34 _1638_, _1677_, and later editions read, harmlessly
but needlessly, '_for_ shape'.]

[Line: 46 'Vatican' used (as Mr. Berdan justly notes) as =
'library'.

Cleveland's warmest defenders must admit that this epicede
is a triumph of 'frigidity'. And the personal note which
_Lycidas_ itself has been unfairly accused of wanting is here
non-existent to my eyes, though some have discovered it.]

Upon an Hermaphrodite.

Sir, or Madam, choose you whether!
Nature twists you both together
And makes thy soul two garbs confess,
Both petticoat and breeches dress.
Thus we chastise the God of Wine
With water that is feminine,
Until the cooler nymph abate
His wrath, and so concorporate.
Adam, till his rib was lost,
Had both sexes thus engrossed. 10
When Providence our Sire did cleave,
And out of Adam carved Eve,
Then did man 'bout wedlock treat,
To make his body up complete.
Thus matrimony speaks but thee
In a grave solemnity.
For man and wife make but one right
Canonical hermaphrodite.
Ravel thy body, and I find
In every limb a double kind. 20
Who would not think that head a pair
That breeds such factions in the hair?
One half so churlish in the touch
That, rather than endure so much
I would my tender limbs apparel
In Regulus's nailèd barrel:
But the other half so small,
And so amorous withal,
That Cupid thinks each hair doth grow
A string for his invis'ble bow. 30
When I look babies in thine eyes
Here Venus, there Adonis, lies.
And though thy beauty be high noon
Thy orb contains both sun and moon.
How many melting kisses skip
'Twixt thy male and female lip--
Twixt thy upper brush of hair
And thy nether beard's despair?
When thou speak'st (I would not wrong
Thy sweetness with a double tongue) 40
But in every single sound
A perfect dialogue is found.
Thy breasts distinguish one another,
This the sister, that the brother.
When thou join'st hands my ear still fancies
The nuptial sound, 'I, John, take Frances.'
Feel but the difference soft and rough;
This is a gauntlet, that a muff.
Had sly Ulysses, at the sack
Of Troy, brought thee his pedlar's pack, 50
And weapons too, to know Achilles
From King Lycomedes' Phillis,
His plot had failed; this hand would feel
The needle, that the warlike steel.
When music doth thy pace advance,
Thy right leg takes the left to dance.
Nor is 't a galliard danced by one,
But a mixed dance, though alone.
Thus every heteroclite part
Changes gender but thy heart. 60
Nay those, which modesty can mean
But dare not speak, are epicene.
That gamester needs must overcome
That can play both Tib and Tom.
Thus did Nature's mintage vary,
Coining thee a Philip and Mary.

[_Upon an Hermaphrodite._] (_1647_.) This poem
appeared in the 1640 and all subsequent editions of Randolph's
poems and in the 1653 edition of Beaumont's. Beaumont had
preceded Cleveland as a 'dumping-ground' for odds and ends of
all kinds. But see the following poem.]

[Line: 1 _1647_ and _1651_ 'Madam_e_', which is not English,
and which spoils the run of the verse.]

[Line: 2 twists] _1647_, _1651_, _1653_, and others 'twist'd',
which is very like the time.]

[Line: 10 both sexes] _1677_ and later '_the_ sexes'.]

[Line: 13 I do not know whether it is worth while to point out
that catalectic or seven-syllabled lines with trochaic effect
(cf. 9. this, 16, and others), as well as complete trochaic
dimeters (1, 2, &c.), occur more frequently here than in
_The Senses' Festival_, _Fuscara_, &c. This, though of
course Milton has it, was rather more frequent in Randolph's
generation than in Cleveland's.]

[Line: 22 _1647_, _1651_, _1677_, and later 'faction', but
'factions' _1653_.]

[Line: 25 _1651_, _1653_ &c. '_It_ would', which can hardly be
right. On the other hand _1677_ and its follower have '_With_
Regulus his' (l. 26).]

[Line: 31 It can hardly be necessary to interpret this famous
and charming phrase.]

[Line: 48 Line shortened to the trochaic run in _1677_, &c. by
dropping 'is'.]

[Line: 52 'Lycomedes' puzzled the earlier printers, who in
_1647_ and _1651_ make it 'Nicomedes' (corrupted by _1653_ to
'Nichomedes')--a curiously awkward blunder, as it happens.]

[Line: 56 the left _1647_, _1653_: thy left _1651_.]

[Line: 58 The late edition of _1687_, when 'regularity' was
becoming a fetish, inserted 'all' before 'alone', though
_1677_--its standard for the genuine poems--has not got it,
and it is not wanted.]

[Line: 59 heteroclite part] _1677_ and its followers, puzzled
by this, the original, reading, read 'apart' (apostrophating
'Het'roclite'), the sense of which is not clear; while Mr.
Berdan would emend to 'heteroclitic', which is unnecessary.
Cleveland may well have scanned 'heter[=o]clite', which is by
no means an extravagant licence, and has been paralleled by
Longfellow in 'Eur[=o]clydon'. Indeed, since I wrote this
note Mr. Simpson has furnished me with a parallel of
'heter[=o]clite' itself from Harl. MS. 4126, f. 102.]

[Line: 60 but thy heart _1649_: not the heart _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 62 'But' _1677_: 'And' in earlier texts.]

The Author's Hermaphrodite.

(Made after Mr. Randolph's death, yet inserted into his Poems.)

Problem of sexes! Must thou likewise be
As disputable in thy pedigree?
Thou twins in one, in whom Dame Nature tries
To throw less than aums ace upon two dice.
Wert thou served up two in one dish, the rather
To split thy sire into a double father?
True, the world's scales are even; what the main
In one place gets, another quits again.
Nature lost one by thee, and therefore must
Slice one in two to keep her number just. 10
Plurality of livings is thy state,
And therefore mine must be impropriate.
For, since the child is mine and yet the claim
Is intercepted by another's name,
Never did steeple carry double truer;
His is the donative and mine the cure.
Then say, my Muse (and without more dispute),
Who 'tis that fame doth superinstitute.
The Theban wittol, when he once descries
Jove is his rival, falls to sacrifice. 20
That name hath tipped his horns; see, on his knees!
A health to Hans-in-kelder Hercules!
Nay, sublunary cuckolds are content
To entertain their fate with compliment;
And shall not he be proud whom Randolph deigns
To quarter with his Muse both arms and brains?
Gramercy Gossip, I rejoice to see
She'th got a leap of such a barbary.
Talk not of horns, horns are the poet's crest;
For, since the Muses left their former nest 30
To found a nunnery in Randolph's quill,
Cuckold Parnassus is a forked hill.
But stay, I've waked his dust, his marble stirs
And brings the worms for his compurgators.
Can ghost have natural sons? Say, Og, is't meet
Penance bear date after the winding sheet?
Were it a Ph[oe]nix (as the double kind
May seem to prove, being there's two combined)
I would disclaim my right, and that it were
The lawful issue of his ashes swear. 40
But was he dead? Did not his soul translate
Herself into a shop of lesser rate;
Or break up house, like an expensive lord
That gives his purse a sob and lives at board?
Let old Pythagoras but play the pimp
And still there's hopes 't may prove his bastard imp.
But I'm profane; for, grant the world had one
With whom he might contract an union,
They two were one, yet like an eagle spread,
I' th' body joined, but parted in the head. 50
For you, my brat, that pose the Porph'ry Chair,
Pope John, or Joan, or whatsoe'er you are,
You are a nephew; grieve not at your state,
For all the world is illegitimate.
Man cannot get a man, unless the sun
Club to the act of generation.
The sun and man get man, thus Tom and I
Are the joint fathers of my poetry.
For since, blest shade, thy verse is male, but mine
O' th' weaker sex, a fancy feminine, 60
We'll part the child, and yet commit no slaughter;
So shall it be thy son, and yet my daughter.

[_The Author's Hermaphrodite._] (_1647_.) The note,
which appears in all editions, seems evidently conclusive as
to this poem. Moreover the quibbles are right Clevelandish.]

[Line: 7 'main' is a little ambiguous, or may appear so from
the recent mention of dice. But that sense will hardly come
in, and Cleveland was probably thinking of the famous passage
in Spenser (Artegall's dispute with the giant, _F. Q._ v. ii)
as to the washing away and washing up of the _sea_. Yet 'main'
_might_ mean 'stock'. The reading of 'gets place' in one
edition (_1662_), rather notable for blunders, cannot be
listened to.]

[Line: 15 steeple] By synecdoche for 'church' or 'parish'.]

[Line: 16 donative] A play on words, as also in 'cure'.]

[Line: 19 Theban wittol] Amphitryon.]

[Line: 22 Hans-in-kelder] = 'unborn'.

[Line: 28 She'th] _1667_ changes to 'Th'hast'. barbary]
'Barbs' or Spanish horses were imported for the stud as early
as Anglo-Saxon times; but before Cleveland's day actual Arabs
had been tried.]

[Line: 34 compurgators] persons who swear in a court of law to
the innocence or the veracity of some other person.]

[Line: 35 I was unable to say why the King of Bashan comes in
here, except that the comparison of the _Dialogue on the &c._,
'Og the great _commissary_', and the put case about 'penance',
suggest some church lawyer of portly presence. But Mr. Simpson
and Mr. Thorn-Drury have traced the thing from this point as
follows:

Cf. _A Dialogue upon the &c._, l. 47 'Og the great
commissary', where the copy in Rawlinson MS. Poet. 26, fol. 94
_b_, has a marginal note 'Roan'. This was Dr. William Roan,
of whom an account is given in the _Catalogue of Prints and
Drawings in the British Museum_, Division 1, 'Political and
Personal Satires', p. 156: 'Dr. Roane was one of the most
eminent doctors who acted in Laud's Ecclesiastical Courts;
he fled from the indignation of the House of Commons, and is
frequently alluded to in pamphlets and broadsides of the time
(see _Times Alteration_, Jan. 8, 1641,... _Old News newly
Revived_, Dec. 21, 1640,...and _The Spirituall Courts
Epitomised_, June 26, 1641).' The pamphlet illustrated in
this note is _A Letter front Rhoan in France Written by Doctor
Roane one of the Doctors of the late Sicke Commons, to his
Fellow Doctor of the Civill Law. Dated 28, of Iune last past.
With an Ellegy written by his oune hand upon the death and
buriall of the said Doctors Commons. Printed in this happy
yeare, 1641_. (Thomason's copy dated June 28.)

Mr. Thorn-Drury supplies the following references bearing
directly on the nickname, and not noticed in the B.M.
Catalogue: _Foure fugitives meeting Or, The Discourse amongst
my Lord Finch, Sir Frances Windebank, Sir John Sucklin, and
Doctor Roane, as they accidentally met in France, with a
detection of their severall pranks in England. Printed In the
Yeare, 1641_. 4^{o}.

Suckling says to Roane, 'Hold there good Doctor _Roane_, and
take me with you, you are to be blamed too, for not bidding
farewell to Sir _Paul Pinder_, (at whose beauteous house, you
have devoured the carkasse of many a cram'd Capon) before you
fled, but I wonder more, why you came hither so unprovided;
methinks some English dyet would have bin good for a weake
stomack: the Church-Wardens of Northhamptonshire promised to
give you a good fee, if you will goe to 'em, and resolve 'em
whether they may lawfully take the oath &c. or no.

'_Wind_. That may very well be, for they have given him a
great Addition, they stile him, Og the great Commissary, they
say he was as briske in discharging the new Canons, as he that
made them.'

Suckling addresses Roane as 'Immense Doctor Roane': so it is
possible that it was his personal appearance which suggested
the name of Og.

Cf. also _Canidia. The Third Part_, p. 150 (1683):

Are you a Smock-Sinner, or so,
Commute soundly, and you shall be let go.
Fee _Ogg_ the great _Commissary_ before and behind,
Then sin on, you know my mind.
]

[Line: 39 _1647_, _1651_, _1653_, &c. '_It_ would', which can
hardly be right.]

[Line: 44 'sob' _1647_, _1651_: _1653_ clearly '_f_ob': 'Sob'
1677. Cf. _Comedy of Errors_ (iv. iii. 22) 'gives a sob'.
'Sob' is literally 'an act on the part of a horse of
recovering its wind after exertion'--hence 'respite'
(_N.E.D._).]

[Line: 51 Porph'ry Chair] The Pope's throne, the myths of
which, as well as of Pope Joan herself, are vulgate. 'Nephew'
carries out the allusion: Popes' sons being called so

Better to preserve the peace.
]

[Line: 59 thy] this _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 62 The merit of the style for burlesque use could
hardly be better brought out.]

*_To the Hectors, upon the unfortunate death of H. Compton._

You Hectors! tame professors of the sword,
Who in the chair state duels, whose black word
Bewitches courage, and like Devils too,
Leaves the bewitch'd when 't comes to fight and do.
Who on your errand our best spirits send,
Not to kill swine or cows, but man and friend;
Who are a whole court-martial in your drink,
And dispute honour, when you cannot think,
Not orderly, but prate out valour as
You grow inspired by th' oracle of the glass; 10
Then, like our zeal-drunk presbyters, cry down
All law of Kings and God, but what's their own.
Then y' have the gift of fighting, can discern
Spirits, who 's fit to act, and who to learn,
Who shall be baffled next, who must be beat,
Who killed--that you may drink, and swear, and eat.
Whilst you applaud those murders which you teach
And live upon the wounds your riots preach.
Mere booty-souls! Who bid us fight a prize
To feast the laughter of our enemies, 20
Who shout and clap at wounds, count it pure gain,
Mere Providence to hear a Compton 's slain.
A name they dearly hate, and justly; should
They love 't 'twere worse, their love would taint the blood.
Blood always true, true as their swords and cause,
And never vainly lost, till your wild laws
Scandalled their actions in this person, who
Truly durst more than you dare think to do.
A man made up of graces--every move
Had entertainment in it, and drew love 30
From all but him who killed him, who seeks a grave
And fears a death more shameful than he gave.
Now you dread Hectors! you whom tyrant drink
Drags thrice about the town, what do you think?
(If you be sober) Is it valour, say,
To overcome, and then to run away?
Fie! Fie! your lusts and duels both are one;
Both are repented of as soon as done.

[_To the Hectors_ (_1653_) is struck out in _1677_
and Mr. Berdan does not give it. I asterisk it in text; but as
it might be Cleveland's (though I do not think it is) I do not
exclude it. The Comptons were a good Royalist family in those
days. This Henry (not the Bishop) was killed in 1652 in a duel
by George Brydges, Lord Chandos, who died three years later
(see Professor Firth's _House of Lords during the Civil
War_, p. 223). The fame of the Hectors as predecessors of the
Mohocks and possible objects of Milton's objurgation 'flown
with insolence and wine', &c., is sufficient. But they seem
to have been more methodical maniacs and ruffians than their
successors, and even to have had something of the superior
quality of Sir Lucius O'Trigger and Captain M^{c}Turk about
them, as professors and painful preachers of the necessity and
etiquette of the duel.]

[Line: 2 state duels] Arrange them like the said Captain
M^{c}Turk in _St. Ronan's Well_? word] _1653_ (wrongly for
rhyme, though not necessarily for concord) 'words'.]

[Line: 19 booty-souls] Apparently 'souls interested in nothing
but booty'. The piece would seem to have been addressed to
Hectors in the actual Cavalier camp, or at least party. The
'enemies' are of course the Roundheads, and it will soon be
noticed that there is no apodosis or consequence to all these
'who's', &c. It is literally an 'Address' and no more.]

[Line: 25 their] = 'the Comptons'--nothing to do with 'their'
and 'they' in the preceding lines.]

[Line: 31 Does not run very smoothly: the second 'him' may be
a foist.]

Square-Cap.

Come hither, Apollo's bouncing girl,
And in a whole Hippocrene of sherry
Let 's drink a round till our brains do whirl,
Tuning our pipes to make ourselves merry.
A Cambridge lass, Venus-like, born of the froth
Of an old half-filled jug of barley-broth,
She, she is my mistress, her suitors are many,
But she'll have a Square-cap if e'er she have any.

And first, for the plush-sake, the Monmouth-cap comes,
Shaking his head like an empty bottle; 10
With his new-fangled oath by Jupiter's thumbs,
That to her health he'll begin a pottle.
He tells her that, after the death of his grannam,
He shall have God knows what per annum.
But still she replied, 'Good Sir, la-bee;
If ever I have a man, Square-cap for me!'

Then Calot Leather-cap strongly pleads,
And fain would derive the pedigree of fashion.
The antipodes wear their shoes on their heads,
And why may not we in their imitation? 20
Oh, how this football noddle would please,
If it were but well tossed on S. Thomas his leas!
But still she replied, 'Good sir, la-bee;
If ever I have a man, Square-cap for me!'

Next comes the Puritan in a wrought-cap,
With a long-waisted conscience towards a sister.
And, making a chapel of ease of her lap,
First he said grace and then he kissed her.
'Beloved,' quoth he, 'thou art my text.'
Then falls he to use and application next; 30
But then she replied, 'Your text, sir, I'll be;
For then I'm sure you'll ne'er handle me.'

But see where Satin-cap scouts about,
And fain would this wench in his fellowship marry.
He told her how such a man was not put out
Because his wedding he closely did carry.
He'll purchase induction by simony,
And offers her money her incumbent to be;
But still she replied, 'Good sir, la-bee;
If ever I have a man, Square-cap for me!' 40

The lawyer's a sophister by his round-cap,
Nor in their fallacies are they divided,
The one milks the pocket, the other the tap;
And yet this wench he fain would have brided.
'Come, leave these thread-bare scholars,' quoth he,
'And give me livery and seisin of thee.'
'But peace, John-a-Nokes, and leave your oration,
For I never will be your impropriation;
I pray you therefore, good sir, la-bee;
For if ever I have a man, Square-cap for me!' 50

[_Square-Cap_ (_1647_) is one of the pleasantest
of all Cleveland's poems. Its prosodic puzzle and profit have
been indicated in the Introduction, and it might sometimes run
more easily. But the thorough good-fellowship and _esprit
de corps_ carry it off more than sufficiently. It would be
pleasant to think that Mr. Samuel Pepys sang it on the famous
occasion when he was 'scandalously over-served with drink' as
an undergraduate. It had been printed only three years when he
went up, though no doubt written earlier.]

[Line: 2 Cleveland has got the fount right here.]

[Line: 7 she is] she's _1653_.]

[Line: 9 Monmouth-cap] A soldier.]

[Lines: 13, 14 A most singular blunder in _1677_ (and the
editions that follow it) shows that Cleveland's 'Vindicators'
were by no means always attentive to his sense. It reads
'_her_ grannam' and '_She_ shall have'--the exact effect of
which, as an inducement to marry him, one would like to hear.]

[Line: 15 la-bee] = 'let-a-be', 'let me alone'.]

[Line: 17 One or two editions (but not very good ones) '_Thin_
Calot'. Calot of course = 'calotte', the lawyer's cap or
coif.]

[Line: 18 This is a signal instance of the way in which these
early anapaestic lines break down into heroics. _1677_ and
others read '_his_ pedigree'--not so well.]

[Line: 22 S. Thomas his leas] A decree of Oct. 29, 1632,
ordains that scholars and students of Corpus and Pembroke
shall play football only 'upon St. Thomas Layes', the site
of Downing College later. This decree and the 'S.' of _1651_,
_1653_, would seem to show that _1677_ is wrong in expanding
to 'Sir', though two Cambridge editors ought to have known
the right name. It was also called 'Swinecroft'. (Information
obtained from the late Mr. J. W. Clark's _Memories and
Customs_, Cambridge, 1909, through the kindness of Mr. A. J.
Bartholomew.)]

[Line: 33 Satin-cap] Clerical: cf. Strode's poem on _The Caps_
(_Works_, ed. Dobell, p. 106):]

The Sattin and the Velvet hive
Unto a Bishopric doth drive.

[Line: 36 closely ... carry] = 'disguise', 'conceal'.]

Upon Phillis walking in a morning before sun-rising.

The sluggish morn as yet undressed,
My Phillis brake from out her East,
As if she'd made a match to run
With Venus, usher to the sun.
The trees, like yeomen of her guard,
Serving more for pomp than ward,
Ranked on each side, with loyal duty
Weave branches to enclose her beauty.
The plants, whose luxury was lopped,
Or age with crutches underpropped, 10
Whose wooden carcasses are grown
To be but coffins of their own,
Revive, and at her general dole
Each receives his ancient soul.
The winged choristers began
To chirp their mattins, and the fan
Of whistling winds like organs played,
Until their voluntaries made
The wakened Earth in odours rise
To be her morning sacrifice. 20
The flowers, called out of their beds,
Start and raise up their drowsy heads;
And he that for their colour seeks
May find it vaulting in her cheeks,
Where roses mix--no civil war
Between her York and Lancaster.
The marigold (whose courtier's face
Echoes the sun and doth unlace
Her at his rise--at his full stop
Packs and shuts up her gaudy shop) 30
Mistakes her cue and doth display:
Thus Phillis antedates the day.
These miracles had cramped the sun,
Who, thinking that his kingdom 's won,
Powders with light his frizzled locks
To see what saint his lustre mocks.
The trembling leaves through which he played,
Dappling the walk with light and shade
Like lattice-windows, give the spy
Room but to peep with half an eye; 40
Lest her full orb his sight should dim
And bid us all good-night in him,
Till she should spend a gentle ray
To force us a new-fashioned day.
But what religious palsy 's this
Which makes the boughs divest their bliss,
And, that they might her footsteps straw,
Drop their leaves with shivering awe?
Phillis perceived and (lest her stay
Should wed October unto May, 50
And, as her beauty caused a Spring,
Devotion might an Autumn bring)
Withdrew her beams, yet made no night,
But left the sun her curate-light.

[_Upon Phillis, &c._ (_1647_.) This is perhaps the
prettiest, as _The Senses' Festival_ is the most vigorous and
_Fuscara_ the most laboured, of Cleveland's Clevelandisms.]

[Line: 6 _1677_ &c. insert 'her' between 'serving' and
'more'--doubtless on the principle, noticed before, of
patching lines to supposed 'regularity'.]

[Line: 7 'Ranked' _1647_, _1677_: 'Banked' _1651_, _1653_.
As it happens either will do; and at the same time either, if
original, is likely to have been mistaken for the other.]

[Line: 8 'Weave' _1647_: 'Wave' _1651_, _1653_: 'Weav'd'
_1677_ (the printer unconsciously assimilating it to the
'Ranked' of l. 8). The same remark applies as to the preceding
line.]

[Line: 11 are] were _1677_, _1687_.]

[Line: 18 _1654_ 'Un_to_'.]

[Line: 19 _1677_ &c. 'weaken'd': _putide_.]

[Line: 20 A meeting-point of many pious poems.]

[Line: 24 _1677_ 'vaulting _to_'--hardly an improvement.]

[Line: 26 Dryden may have had Cleveland in mind (as he pretty
often, and most naturally had, seeing that the poems must have
'spent their youth with him') when he wrote some of the latest
and most beautiful of his own lines to the Duchess of Ormond
(Lady Mary Somerset):

O daughter of the Rose whose cheeks unite
The differing titles of the Red and White.
]

[_1677_ '_Divides_ her York and Lancaster'--pretty
palpable emendation to supply the apparent lack of a verb.]

[Lines: 27-30 It has been suggested to me that the sense wants
mechanical aid to clear it up; and I have therefore made a
visible parenthesis of 'whose ... shop', following _1677_.]

[Line: 34 thinking] fearing _1677_.]

[Line: 36 _1653_ &c. 'saints'--a misprint, as _1647_, _1651_
have the singular.]

[Line: 38 Here, for once, Cleveland achieves the really
poetical conceit.]

[Line: 42 _1647_, _1651_, _1653_, &c. 'bids'--again a mere
misprint.]

[Line: 43 _1647_, _1651_, _1653_ 'would'.]

[Line: 47 straw] For 'strew', as in the A. V.]

[Line: 49 _1649_, _1651_, _1653_, 'perceives' (an unconscious
echo of 'leaves' in l. 48).]

Upon a Miser that made a great feast, and the next day died for grief.

Nor 'scapes he so; our dinner was so good
My liquorish Muse cannot but chew the cud,
And what delight she took in th' invitation
Strives to taste o'er again in this relation.
After a tedious grace in Hopkins' rhyme,
Not for devotion but to take up time,
Marched the trained-band of dishes, ushered there
To show their postures and then as they were.
For he invites no teeth; perchance the eye
He will afford the lover's gluttony. 10
Thus is our feast a muster, not a fight,
Our weapons not for service, but for sight.
But are we tantalized? Is all this meat
Cooked by a limner for to view, not eat?
Th' astrologers keep such houses when they sup
On joints of Taurus or their heavenly Tup.
Whatever feasts be made are summed up here,
His table vies not standing with his cheer.
His churchings, christenings, in this meal are all,
And not transcribed but in th' original. 20
Christmas is no feast movable; for lo,
The self-same dinner was ten years ago!
'Twill be immortal if it longer stay,
The gods will eat it for ambrosia.
But stay a while; unless my whinyard fail
Or is enchanted, I'll cut off th' entail.
Saint George for England then! have at the mutton
When the first cut calls me bloodthirsty glutton.
Stout Ajax, with his anger-coddled brain,
Killing a sheep thought Agamemnon slain; 30
The fiction's now proved true; wounding his roast
I lamentably butcher up mine host.
Such sympathy is with his meat, my weapon
Makes him an eunuch when it carves his capon.
Cut a goose leg and the poor soul for moan
Turns cripple too, and after stands on one.
Have you not heard the abominable sport
A Lancaster grand-jury will report?
The soldier with his Morglay watched the mill;
The cats they came to feast, when lusty Will 40
Whips off great puss's leg which (by some charm)
Proves the next day such an old woman's arm.
'Tis so with him whose carcass never 'scapes,
But still we slash him in a thousand shapes.
Our serving-men (like spaniels) range to spring
The fowl which he had clucked under his wing.
Should he on widgeon or on woodcock feed
It were, Thyestes like, on his own breed.
To pork he pleads a superstition due,
But we subscribe neither to Scot nor Jew. 50
[No liquor stirs; call for a cup of wine.
'Tis blood we drink; we pledge thee, Catiline.]
Sauces we should have none, had he his wish.
The oranges i' th' margent of the dish
He with such huckster's care tells o'er and o'er,
The Hesperian dragon never watched them more.
But being eaten now into despair
(Having nought else to do) he falls to prayer.
'As thou didst once put on the form of bull
And turned thine Io to a lovely mull, 60
Defend my rump, great Jove, grant this poor beef
May live to comfort me in all this grief.'
But no Amen was said: see, see it comes!
Draw, boys, let trumpets sound, and strike up drums.
See how his blood doth with the gravy swim,
And every trencher hath a limb of him.
The venison's now in view, our hounds spend deeper.
Strange deer, which in the pasty hath a keeper
Stricter than in the park, making his guest,
(As he had stoln't alive) to steal it drest! 70
The scent was hot, and we, pursuing faster
Than Ovid's pack of dogs e'er chased their master,
A double prey at once may seize upon,
Acteon, and his case of venison.
Thus was he torn alive; to vex him worse
Death serves him up now as a second course.
Should we, like Thracians, our dead bodies eat,
He would have lived only to save his meat.
[Lastly; we did devour that corpse of his
Throughout all Ovid's Metamorphoses.] 80

[_Upon a Miser, &c._ (_1647_.) This juxtaposition
of the serious-sentimental-fanciful with the burlesque-satiric
may not please some readers. But the older editions which give
it seem to me better to represent the ideas of the time than
the later siftings and reclassifications of the age of prose
and sense. And this is one reason why I follow the order of
_1653_ rather than that of _1677_.]

[Line: 2 'Cud' is spelt in _1647_ here and elsewhere in
Cleveland 'cood'.]

[Line: 3 In some copies 'i_mi_tation', of course wrongly.]

[Line: 4 taste] cast _1653_.]

[Line: 5 Cleveland gibed at Sternhold and Hopkins in prose
(_The Character of a London Diurnall_) as well as verse.
_1647_, _1651_ misprint 'rhythm'.]

[Line: 11 The text, from _1677_, is a clear improvement at
first sight on the earlier '_This_ is _a_ feast': though I
would not be too sure that Cleveland did not write it thus.]

[Line: 16 _1677_ '_the_ heavenly'.]

[Line: 17 _1677_ 'he made'.]

[Line: 18 Meaning, apparently, that, as was the custom, the
table between these sham feast-days was moved off its trestles
and cleared away; but the feast was a 'standing' one, kept to
reappear.]

[Line: 20 in th'] i' th' _1647_, _1651_.]

[Line: 26 is] it _1647_, _1651_.]

[Line: 28 _1677_ 'Whe_re_'.]

[Line: 29 Stout] What _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 31 _1677_ '_the_ roast'.]

[Line: 34 carves] One edition, of no value (_1665_),
'_se_rves'.]

[Line: 35 soul] fool _1677_.]

[Line: 38 Lancaster, because of the Lancashire witches. See
Heywood, _Lancashire Witches_, Act V.]

[Line: 39 Morglay] The sword of Bevis.]

[Line: 43 'Tis] It's _1677_.]

[Line: 44 'him' _1647_: 'them' _1651_, _1653_.]

[Line: 46 These lines appear with some variants and are not
clear in any text: 'which he had cluck'd under his wing'
_1677_, for the earlier 'when he hath clock't under her wing'
_1647_, _1651_, _1653_. Professor Case suggests 'cloakt' (i.e.
'hidden') for 'clock't'.]

[Line: 50 Mr. Berdan says, '_Englishmen supposed_ that the
Scotch did not eat pork'. But, until quite recently, it was a
fact; and even now there is much less eaten north than south
of the Tweed. As for Cleveland's day, James the First's
aversion to it was well known and had been celebrated by Ben
Jonson. In _1647_, _1651_, _1653_ 'But not a mouth is muzzled
by the Jew'.]

[Line: 51-2 Not in earlier editions. Added in _1677_.]

[Line: 54 _1677_ 'margin of _his_ dish'.]

[Line: 55 _1647_, _1651_, _1653_, &c. omit 'care' and read
'tells them'.]

[Line: 59 _1677_ 'Thou that didst'.]

[Line: 60 'turned thine' _1677_, _1687_: 'turn'st thy' _1647_,
_1651_, _1653_, &c. mull] Dialectic for 'cow', especially as a
call-name. It seems to be connected with the sense of the word
for 'lips', especially large loose ones.]

[Line: 61 _1677_

allay my grief,
O spare me this, this monumental beef.
]

[Line: 66 'hath' _1677_, _1687_: 'has' _1651_, _1653_ and its
group.]

[Line: 73 'may' _1651_, _1653_, &c.: 'we' _1677_.]

[Lines: 79, 80 Added in _1677_ &c., with very doubtful
advantage.]

A Young Man to an Old Woman courting him.