Chapter XII: Conclusion

In conclusion there are several points which require accentuation if the significance of modern painting is to be fully grasped. There have been three epochs in the visual arts. The first was the longest, and extended through more than two centuries. The last two epochs have required less than a hundred years for their fulfilment. Each epoch dealt with a specific phase of painting and developed that phase until its possibilities were exhausted. The ultimate aim of all great painting was purification, but before that could come about many theories had to be tested; many consummations had to take place; many problems had to be solved. The laws of formal organisation were first discovered and applied with the limited means at hand. Then came experimentation and research in the mechanics of expression--the search for new and vital methods wherewith these principles of composition might be bodied forth more intensely. Later the functioning properties of colour were unearthed and employed. In the course of this evolution many irrelevant factors found their way into painting. The men of the first epoch used primitive and obvious materials to express their forms. When the new means--means inherent in painting--were ascertained, it was necessary to eliminate the former media. The subject-matter of painting--that is, the recognisable object, the human obstacle--had to be forced out to permit of the introduction of colour which had become an inseparable adjunct of form. To effect the coalition of pure composition and the newer methods was a difficult feat, for so long had the world been accustomed to the pictorial aspect of painting, that it had come to look upon subject-matter as a cardinal requisite to plastic creation.

The first epoch began with the advent of oil painting about 1400, and went forward, building and developing, until it reached realisation early in the seventeenth century. Knowing that organised form is the basis of all aesthetic emotion, the old masters strove to find the psychological principles for co-ordinating volume. Their means were naturally superficial, for their initial concern was to determine what they should do, not how they should do it. In expressing the form they deemed necessary to great art they used the material already at their disposal, namely: objective nature. They organised and made rhythmic the objects about them, more especially the human body which permitted of many variations and groupings and which was in itself a complete ensemble. And furthermore they had discovered that movement--an indispensable attribute of the most highly emotional composition--was best expressed by the poise of the human figure. Colour to these early men was only an addendum to drawing. They conceived form in black and white, and sought to reinforce their work by the realistic use of pigments. That colour was an infixed element of organisation they never suspected. Their preoccupation was along different lines. The greatest exponents of intense composition during this first epoch were Tintoretto, Giorgione, Masaccio, Giotto, Veronese, El Greco and Rubens. These men were primarily interested in discovering absolute laws for formal rhythm. The mimetic quality of their work was a secondary consideration. In Rubens were consummated the aims of the older painters; that is, he attained to the highest degree of compositional plasticity which was possible with the fixed means of his period. In him the first cycle terminated. There was no longer any advance to be made in the art of painting until a new method of expression should be unearthed. However, the principles of form laid down by these old masters were fundamental and unalterable. Upon them all great painting must ever be based. They are intimately connected with the very organisms of human existence, and can never be changed until the nature of mankind shall change.

After Rubens a short period of decadence and deterioration set in. The older methods no longer afforded inspiration. About the beginning of the nineteenth century the second cycle of painting was ushered in by Turner, Constable and Delacroix. These men, realising that until new means were discovered art could be only a variation of what had come before, turned their attention to finding a procedure by which the ambition of the artist could be more profoundly realised. This second cycle was one of research and analysis, of scientific experimentation and data gathering. To surpass Rubens in his own medium was impossible: he had reached the ultimate outpost of aesthetic possibilities with what materials he possessed. The new men first made inquiry into colour from the standpoint of its dramatic potentialities. Naturalism was born. While Delacroix was busy applying the rudiments of colour science to thematic romanticism, Courbet was busy tearing down the tenets of conventionalism in subject-matter, and Daumier was experimenting in the simultaneity of form and drawing. Manet liberated the painter from set themes, and thereby broadened the material field of composition. The Impressionists followed, and by labourious investigations into nature's methods, probed the secrets of colour in relation to light. The Neo-Impressionists went further afield with scientific observations; and finally Renoir, assimilating all the new discoveries, rejected the fallacies and co-ordinated the valuable conclusions. In him was brought to a close the naturalistic conception of painting. He was the consummation of the second cycle. During this period the older laws of composition were for the most part forgotten. The painters were too absorbed in their search for new means. They forgot the foundations of art in their enthusiasm for a fuller and less restricted expression. The essential character of colour and light and the new freedom in subject selection so intoxicated them that they lost sight of all that had preceded them. But their gifts to painting cannot be overestimated. By finding new weapons with which future artists might achieve the highest formal intensity, they opened up illimitable fields of aesthetic endeavour: they made possible the third and last cycle which resulted in the final purification of painting.

Of this cycle Cezanne was the primitive. Profiting by the Impressionist teachings, he turned his attention once more to the needs of composition. He realised the limitations of the naturalistic conception, and created light which, though it was as logical as nature's, was not restricted to the realistic vision. Colour with him became for the first time a functional element capable of producing form. The absolute freedom of subject selection--a heritage from the second cycle--permitted him extreme distortions, and with these distortions was opened up the road to abstraction. Matisse made form even more arbitrary, and Picasso approached still nearer to the final elimination of natural objectivity, though both men ignored colour as a generator of form. They carried forward the work of Cezanne only on its material side. Then Synchromism, combining the progress of both Cezanne and the Cubists, took the final step in the elimination of the illustrative object, and at the same time put aside the local hues on which the art of Cezanne was dependent. Since the art of painting is the art of colour, the Synchromists depended entirely on primary pigment for the complete expression of formal composition. Thus was brought about the final purification of painting. Form was entirely divorced from any realistic consideration: and colour became an organic function. The methods of painting, being rationalised, reached their highest degree of purity and creative capability.

The evolution of painting from tinted illustration to an abstract art expressed wholly by the one element inherent in it--colour, was a natural and inevitable progress. Music passed through the same development from the imitation of natural sounds to harmonic abstraction. We no longer consider such compositions as The Battle of Prague or Monastery Bells aesthetically comparable to Korngold's Symphonietta or Schoenberg's _Opus II_. And yet in painting the great majority confines its judgment to that phase of a picture which is irrelevant to its aesthetic importance. So long have form and composition expressed themselves through recognisable phenomena that the cognitive object has come to be looked upon as an end, whereas it is only a means to a subjective emotion. The world still demands that a painting shall represent a natural form, that is, that the basis of painting shall be illustration. The illustrative object was employed by the older painters only because their means were limited, because they had no profounder method wherewith to express themselves. And even with them the human body was deliberately disproportioned and altered to meet the needs of composition. When the properties of colour began to be understood, the older methods were no longer required. Colour itself became form. But so deeply rooted was the illustrative precedent that no one painter had the courage to eliminate objectivity at one stroke. Cezanne took the first great step; Matisse, the second; Cubism the next; and Synchromism the final one.

So long as painting deals with objective nature it is an impure art, for recognisability precludes the highest aesthetic emotion. All painting, ancient and modern, moves us aesthetically only in so far as it possesses a force over and beyond its mimetic aspect. The average spectator is unable to differentiate his literary and associative emotions from his aesthetic ecstasy. Form and rhythm alone are the bases of aesthetic enjoyment: all else in a picture is superfluity. Therefore a picture in order to represent its intensest emotive power must be an abstract presentation expressed entirely in the medium of painting: and that medium is colour. There are no longer any experiments to be made in methods. Form and colour--the two permanent and inalienable qualities of painting--have become synonymous. Ancient painting sounded the depths of composition. Modern painting has sounded the depths of colour. Research is at an end. It now remains only for artists to create. The means have been perfected: the laws of organisation have been laid down. No more innovatory "movements" are possible. Any school of the future must necessarily be compositional. It can be only a variation or a modification of the past. The methods of painting may be complicated. New forms may be found. But it is no longer possible to add anything to the means at hand. The era of pure creation begins with the present day.

Those who go to painting for anecdote, drama, archaeology, illustration or any other quality which is not strictly aesthetic, would do well to confine their attention and their comments to the academicians of whom there is and always has been an abundant supply. Let them keep their hands off those artists who strive for higher and more eternal manifestations. The greatest artists of every age have never sought to appeal to the lovers of reality and sentiment. Nor have they wished to be judged by standards which considered only verisimilitude and technical proficiency. It is the misfortune of painting that literary impurities should have accompanied its development, and it is the irony of serious endeavour that on account of these impurities there has been an indefinite deferment of any genuine appreciation of painting. It is difficult to convince a man who has not experienced the great aesthetic emotions which art is capable of producing, that there is an intoxication to be derived from the contemplation of art keener than that of association, sentiment or drama. Not knowing that greater delights await him once he has penetrated beneath the surface, he has doggedly combated every effort to eliminate the irrelevant accretions. But if painting was to reach its highest point of artistic creation, its realistic aspect had to go. When colour became profoundly understood, no longer could the artist apply it according to the dictates of nature. It lost its properties as decoration and as an enhancement of the naturalistic vision. Its demands freed the artist from the tyranny of nature. In becoming pure, painting drew further and further away from mimicry; and the superficial lover of painting, enslaved by the ignorant and rigid standards of the past, protested with greater and greater vehemence.

The misunderstanding which has attached to modern painting has been colossal. The newer men, because they have dared search for means of expression superior to those of the past, have met with ridicule and abuse. From Delacroix to Synchromism the critics and public have fought every advance. Immured in tradition, their minds have been unable to grasp the meaning of the new activities or to sense the artist's need for pure creation. No school has escaped the obloquy of the professional critic who, judging art from its superficial and unimportant side, has failed to penetrate to its fundamentals. Delacroix was declared crazy by the leading critics. The _Journal des Artistes_ said of him, "We do not say this man is a charlatan, but we do say this man is the equivalent of a charlatan." The _Observateur des Beaux-Arts_, commenting on this artist's failure to procure an award, remarked, "Delacroix, the leader of the new school, received no honours, but in order to recompense him, he was accorded a two hours' _seance_ each day in the morgue." Gros, Delecluze and Alfred Nettement are conspicuous among the academicians and critics who bitterly opposed Delacroix's innovations. Courbet met with a similar reception. Gautier, after studying one of his pictures, wrote, "One does not know whether to weep or laugh. There are heads which recall the ensigns of tobacconists and of the menagerie." Clement de Ris said of Courbet's work, "It is the glorification of vulgar ugliness;" and de Chennevieres called one of his finest pictures "an ignoble and impious caricature." Even Manet, whose radicalism was slight, brought down upon himself the abuse of the critics for daring to paint modern themes. Claretie drew the following conclusion from the Olympia: "One cannot reproach Manet for idealising _vierges folles_, for he makes of them _vierges sales_." The remark was characteristic. Manet revolted against classic subjects, and for his modernity was excoriated by the moral traditionalists.

The early Impressionists, as pretty as they were, did not escape critical abuse. Benjamin Constant called them "the school of snobs, the conscious or unconscious enemies of art," and added, "Their days are numbered." Albert Wolff was more venomous. "These _soi-disant_ artists," he wrote, "call themselves the intransigents. They take canvases, colours and brushes, fling at hazard several tones, and then sign the work. It is thus that the wandering spirits at Ville-Evrard pick up pebbles on the highway and think they have found diamonds. Hideous spectacle of human vanity straying toward dementia!" Paul Mantz's remarks were similar. His criticism in part read: "Before the works of certain members of the group one is tempted to ascribe to them a defect of the eyes, singularities of vision which would be the joy of ophthalmologists, and the terror of families." (How like the recent criticisms of the very modern men does all this sound--these accusations of insanity, these hints of defective vision! Such comments would seem to have been lifted almost bodily by the detractors of Cubism, Futurism and Synchromism.) Renoir shared a similar fate. One leading critic said it was futile to "try to explain to Renoir that the female torso is not a mass of decomposing flesh with spots of green and violet which denote the state of complete putrefaction in a cadaver." Roger Ballu explained the appearance of Renoir's work thus: "At first view it seemed that his canvases, during their trip from the studio to the exhibition, had undergone an accident." With the exception of Manet two years prior to his death and Renoir at the age of sixty-eight, not one of the Impressionists was decorated by the French government. They were banished from official _Salons_, and compelled to expose in private galleries.

To quote from the critics who denounced Cezanne would be an endless task. When he exposed at the Impressionist exhibition in the Rue Peletier in 1877 he was universally regarded with disgust and horror and considered a barbarian. The venom of the critics was appalling. They attacked him from every standpoint, though on one point they seemed in agreement, namely: that he was a _communard_. Nor did the abuse cease with his early works. His greatness has consistently evaded critics and painters alike. Recently the American painter, William M. Chase, offered the suggestion that Cezanne did not know how to paint. Chase's opinion is not an isolated one: it is typical of the minor academic painters and the critics who view art through the eyes of the past. Henri-Matisse is another painter who has received short shrift from the reviewers. One need not have a long memory to recall the adverse criticisms he provoked. His distortions have served as a basis for a display of ignorance which has few parallels in art history. Matisse himself has fed fuel to the fire. In his interview with newspaper men he indulged in much high jesting, and the remarks attributed to him were in many instances _blague_. Others, judging him by his words, have pinned on him the labels of charlatan and degenerate.

The Cubists, misunderstood from the first, have been a source of ridicule rather than of contumely. Systematisers have sought to trace them to Duerer, forgetting that Cezanne once wrote: "Treat nature by the cylinder, the sphere and the cone; the whole put in perspective, so that each side of an object and of a plane directs itself toward a central point." Even today, after the vital contributions of the Cubists have altered the whole trend of modern art, there are few who see in them aught but the material for laughter. The critics who have accepted the Impressionists and Cezanne deny the merits of Cubism, venting their derision in a manner which recalls the detractors of the very schools which these critics now uphold. Synchromism has perhaps called forth the bitterest protests. It was the last step in the evolution of modern means. It had no affinities with the academies. There was no foothold in this new school for the conservatives and reactionaries. The Munich critics were first to attack it. Later in Paris Andre Salmon wrote, "The public will believe that Synchromism is the final movement of which it has learned. Synchromism is the worst of backward movements, a vulgar art, without nobility, unlikely to live, as it carries the principles of death in itself." _Les Arts et Les Artistes_ summed up Synchromists with: "The house painter at the corner can, when he wishes, claim that he belongs to this school." _La Plume_ discovered the fact that "Macdonald-Wright copies with a dirty broom the Slave of Michelangelo." Charles H. Caffin declared, "The whole tenor of their foreword and introduction is one of egregious self-exploitation and self-advertisement. This ... raises the very obvious question: 'Are these men megalomaniacs or charlatans?' Possibly they are neither the one nor the other. I am not in a position to decide."

These quotations and comments are set down to reveal the opposition which the genuine modern painters have had to contend with. The criticisms of each movement repeat themselves with the following one, even to a point of verbal similarity. The attacks on Synchromism are strangely like those which companioned Impressionism. The same facetiousness, the same irrelevant denunciation, the same opposition to the new, the same antipathy for progress are manifest in all the critics of the new painting from Delacroix to date. All arise out of ignorance, out of that immobility of mind which cannot judge clearly until a thing is swathed in the perspective of the years. Art has grown faster than the critic's ability to comprehend. Its problems are a closed book to him, for, not being a painter himself, he requires a longer period in which to assimilate the new ideals. Gradually as the new methods establish themselves, and become accepted (as in the case of Impressionism), the critic at last comes abreast of a movement; but by that time art has gone forward and left him in the rear. Again he attacks the new. All innovations are as poison to his system, until he again becomes adjusted. Thus can we account for the animosity and ridicule with which each modern movement has been met.

Nor are the animadversions of academic critics the only obstacles in the path of aesthetic development. Those who sympathise with the new without understanding it do more harm than good. There are those who always accept the latest men irrespective of their individual merit. But modernity in itself is not a merit, and the modern enthusiasts, in defending the newest painters, very often expend their energies on the undeserving. Thus the mediocrities are given prominence over the truly great; and the lesser artists are looked upon as representative of the epoch. Again, those who admire without comprehending are given to emphasising the less important points of departure in the new men, and of ignoring the deeper qualities which represent the primary importance of modern art. The true meaning of the late movements is thereby obscured. Of this class of critic Arthur Jerome Eddy may be mentioned as representative. By crediting the distinctly second-rate moderns with qualities they have only absorbed from greater men, and by misunderstanding the animating ideals of today's painting, he presents so disproportionate and biased a history that the entire significance of modern art is lost. England, France and Germany possess critics who feel the grandeur but miss the meaning of the new ideals, and their books and articles, while crediting the modern painters with vitality, go little beneath the surface.

However, there are a few men to whom the modernist owes much for intelligent assistance. One may name Meier-Graefe as one of these, despite his being in reality a pioneer. He has shown an eager attitude to do justice, and has succeeded in bringing the modern men to the attention of the world. Guillaume Apollinaire, editor of _Les Soirees de Paris_, has done more intelligent service for the younger heretics in France than any other man. Clive Bell and Roger Fry represent the ablest and most discerning defenders of the modern spirit in England; although Mr. A. R. Orage, by opening up the columns of the _New Age_, has permitted a healthy discussion and exposition of the radical art theories. In America much credit is due Mr. Alfred Stieglitz for his insistent demands that the later men be given a respectful hearing. By his sympathetic attitude and his ceaseless labours he has brought before the American public the work of many prominent modern artists; and his sincerity and understanding have done much toward ameliorating the conventional scoffs of American critics.

But were there no far-seeing defenders of modern painting, the signs of the awakening are too numerous and too conspicuous to be ignored. On every hand we are conscious of the struggle for new methods and forms. Not all the inertia of the critics and the public has succeeded in suppressing the vital spirit. Nor will it succeed. The modern tendency in painting cannot be dismissed as charlatanism or extremism. The ignorant and reactionary may laugh and hurl philippics. Such opposition, if it has any effect, will only prove a stimulus to those who have experienced the ecstasy of the new work. The old dies hard. Even when the corpse is buried (as it has been) the ghost lingers. But the light will soon grow too strong. The ghost in time will be dissolved. For centuries painting has been reared on a false foundation, and the criteria of aesthetic appreciation have been irrelevant. Painting has been a bastard art--an agglomeration of literature, religion, photography and decoration. The efforts of painters for the last century have been devoted to the elimination of all extraneous considerations, to making painting as pure an art as music. But so widespread is the general ignorance regarding art's fundamentals that the modern men have been opposed at every step. Public and critical illiteracy in the arts, however, matters little. The painter's joy lies in the rapture of creation, in the knowledge that he is carrying forward the banner of a high ideal.

INDEX

_Adoration of the Wise Men_, 40.

Alexander, John W., 98.

Altichiero, 191.

_Ambassadors, The_, 24.

Andreiev, 52.

_Angelina_, 68.

_Angelus, The_, 57.

_Anges au Tombeau, Les_, 79.

_Annunciation_, 81.

Anquetin, 197.

Antwerp Museum, 40.

Apollinaire, Guillaume, 341.

_Apres le Bain_, 212.

Archipenko, 163.

_Arm Organisation in Blue-Green_, 301.

_Art of Spiritual Harmony, The_, 310.

_Arts et Les Artistes, Les_, 338.

Ashe, E. M., 221.

_Assommoir, L'_, 73.

Assyrian art, 78.

Augier, 216.

Augrand, 175.

_Au Piano_, 123.

Aurier, 193.

Avignon painters, 108.

_Baignade, La_, 203.

_Baigneuse_, 1884, (Renoir), 120.

_Baigneuse_, 1888, (Renoir), 122, 123.

_Baigneuse au Griffon, La_, 112.

_Baigneuse Brune, La_, 123.

_Baigneuses_, 1885, (Renoir), 121, 125.

_Baigneuses_, 1902, (Renoir), 125-126, 157.

_Baigneuses_, (Matisse), 226, 235.

_Baigneuses, Les_, (Courbet), 56.

_Baigneuses, Les_, (Gleizes), 257.

_Bain, Le_, (Daumier), 60.

_Bain, Le_, (Manet), see _Dejeuner sur l'Herbe, Le_.

_Bain Turc, Le_, 69.

_Balancoire, La_, 115.

Balla, Giacomo, 276;
_Dog and Person in Movement_, 272.

Ballu, Roger, 336.

Balzac, 25, 216;
_Le Chef-d'OEuvre Inconnu_, 162.

Barbizon school, 69, 70, 87, 284.

_Bar des Folies-Begere, Le_, 80.

_Bataille de Taillebourg_, 40.

_Battle of Prague, The_, 332.

Baudelaire, 43, 53.

_Baudelaire Chez les Mufles_, 219-220.

Bazille, 89, 103.

Beardsley, Aubrey, 181, 221.

Beaux-Arts, 153, 165, 223, 323.

Beerbohm, Max, 62, 221.

Beethoven, 25, 42, 82, 155, 281;
_Ninth Symphony_, 8.

Bechteiev, 324.

Bell, Clive, 341.

Bellini, Gentile, 188.

Bellows, 221.

Bernard, Emile, 130, 143, 152, 156, 175, 182, 195, 197.

Bernhardt, portrait of Sarah, 216.

Bernheim-Jeune galleries, 290, 297.

Besnard, 319.

Blanc, 165.

_Blast_, 325.

Bloch, 324.

Blumenschein, 221.

Boccioni, Umberto, 275, 276.

Boecklin, 21, 203.

Bolz, 324.

Bonington, 37, 49.

Bonnard, 315, 316-318, 318, 319;
_Le Jardin_, 317.

Bonnat, 215.

Bononi, 23.

Borassa school, 191.

Botticelli, 21, 22, 28, 93, 203.

Boucher, 34, 97, 121.

Bouguereau, 161, 222, 223, 239.

Bourdelle, 320.

Bourgeois, 31.

Boussingault, 325.

Bracquemond, 165.

Brangwyn, 21.

Braque, Georges, 257, 258.

Bronzino, 187.

Bruce, 262.

Bruyas, 53.

_Buen Viaje_, 219.

_Bulles de Savon, Les_, 80.

Bussy, Simon, 321-322.

_Buveur d'Absinthe, Le_, 66, 68.

Byron, 43.

Byzantine art, 9, 35, 40, 51, 93, 204.

Cabanel, 222.

_Cabaret de la Mere Anthony, Le_, 109.

_Cafe-Concert_, 215.

Caffin, Charles H., 338.

Caillebotte Collection, 98-99, 104.

_Calvary_ (Memlinc), 217.

Canaletto, 188.

_Caprichos_, 225.

_Captivite de Babylone, La_, 42.

Caravaggio, 44, 56.

Carlopez, 221.

Carra, Carlo D., 275, 276;
_Funeral of the Anarchist Galli_, 314.

Carreno, 67.

Carriere, 60, 73, 194, 198, 223.

Cassatt, 165.

_Casseurs de Pierres, Les_, 57.

Castagnary, 79.

Castello, Valerio, 21.

_Cathedral, La_, 102.

Cazin, 209.

Celesti, 23.

Cellini, 52.

Cesare, 221.

Cezanne, 21, 26, 27, 31, 32, 36, 45, 56, 61, 75, 96, 97, 104, 115,
126, 128, 129-163, 175, 176, 180, 189, 197, 200, 203, 206, 208,
222, 223, 225, 234, 240, 241, 242, 244, 247, 249, 250, 251, 253,
254, 260, 262, 272, 274, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287,
289, 291, 295, 296, 298, 300, 303, 307, 308, 310, 320, 321, 331,
332, 337, 338.

Chagall, 324.

_Chahut, Le_, 180.

Chamaillard, 197, 324.

Champfleury, 56.

_Chanteuse des Rues, La_, 79.

Chardin, 34, 225.

_Charivari_, 48.

Chase, William M., 337.

Chavannes, Puvis de, 74, 202, 316, 319.

_Chef-d'OEuvre Inconnu, Le_, 162.

_Chemin de Fer, Le_, 80.

Cheret, 216.

Chesneau, Ernest, 44.

_Chevelure, La_, 114.

Chevreul, 31, 84, 165, 166, 168, 180, 285;
_De la Loi du Contraste Simultane des Couleurs_, 164.

_Chien et Lievres_, 51.

Chinese art, 64, 125, 128, 190, 215, 315.

Christophe, Jules, 177.

Chromo-luminarists, _see_ Neo-Impressionism.

Cimabue, 29.

_Cirque, Le_, 180.

_Claire de Lune, Le_, 80.

Claretie, 335.

Claude, 50.

_Coco_, heads of, 126.

_Coco et les Deux Servantes_, 126.

_Coins de Riviere_, 100.

_Combat de Cerfs, Le_, 51.

_Combat du Kerseage et de l'Alabama_, 80.

_Concert Champetre_, see _Rural Concert_.

Conegliano, 79.

Conrad, Joseph, 52, 161.

Constable, 17, 37, 43, 46, 49, 50, 97, 175, 329.

Constant, Benjamin, 336.

Cormon, 215.

Corot, 21, 48, 68, 87, 89, 91, 108, 189.

Correggio; _La Vierge a l'Ecuelle_, 62.

Courbet, 17, 45, 48, 50-58, 59, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,
75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 87, 89, 97, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113,
115, 127, 128, 131, 134, 158, 207, 208, 212, 239, 253, 282, 284,
319, 330, 335;
_Les Baigneuses_, 56;
_Les Casseurs de Pierres_, 57;
_Chien et Lievres_, 51;
_Le Combat de Cerfs_, 51;
_Femme de Munich_, 53;
_Les Grands Chataigniers_, 57;
_La Grotte_, 56;
_Le Hamac_, 76;
_L'Enterrement a Ornans_, 51, 54, 55, 63, 77, 239;
_Les Lutteurs_, 59-60;
_Le Retour de la Conference_, 51;
_La Vague_, 101.

_Course de Taureaux_, 80.

_Courtesan, The_, 217.

Courtois, 108.

Couture, Thomas, 66, 161;
_Methodes et Entretiens d'Atelier_, 44.

Crayer, Gaspar de, 306.

_Creation of the Sun and Moon_, 24.

_Cromwell au Chateau de Windsor_, 40.

_Croquet, Le_, 123.

Cross, 174, 224.

Cubism (Cubists), 97, 187, 222, 227, 237-262, 274, 275, 277, 282, 283,
285, 291, 303, 307, 315, 323, 331, 332, 336, 338.

da Bologna, Giovanni, 41.

da Bosozzo, Michelino, 191.

_Danseuse, La_, 114.

_Dante et Virgile aux Enfers_, 36, 55.

da Sesto, Cesare, 306.

Daubigny, 67.

Daudet, 216.

Daumier, 17, 25, 58-63, 66, 68, 72, 97, 106, 126, 137, 144, 182, 200,
207, 208, 213, 220, 226, 243, 278, 279, 280, 330;
_Le Bain_, 60,
_Don Quichotte_, 62;
_Le Drame_, 63;
_Les Emigrants_, 62;
_Les Lutteurs_, 59-60;
_Ratapoil_, 62;
_Le Repos des Saltimbanques_, 60;
_La Republique_, 61;
_Silene_, 63.

David, 17, 34, 35, 43, 56, 239, 282.

Davies, Arthur B., 323.

da Vinci, Leonardo, 44, 60, 306;
_Trattato della Pittura_, 148.

_Dead Christ, The_, 24.

Debucourt, 34.

Debussy, 52.

Decamps; _Sonneurs de Cloches_, 62.

de Chennevieres, 335.

de Chirico, 325.

Defoe, 191.

Degas, 19, 62, 63, 165, 191, 203, 207-221, 222, 226, 242, 253, 266,
307, 313, 318;
_Apres le Bain_, 212;
_Cafe-Concert_, 215;
_Femme au Tub_, 212;
_Musiciens a l'Orchestre_, 213;
_La Sortie du Bain_, 212;
_La Toilette_, 212;
_Torse de Femme S'Essuyant_, 212;
_Trois Danseuses_, 212.

De Hahn, 197.

dei Barbari, Jacopo, 223.

_Dejeuner, Le_, 79.

_Dejeuner sur l'Herbe, Le_, 69-70, 77-78, 79.

Delacroix, 17, 25, 27, 30, 34, 35-46, 48, 50, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62,
63, 66, 67, 72, 75, 80, 81, 87, 88, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113,
114, 128, 133, 135, 137, 165, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 201,
205, 207, 264, 277, 278, 281, 282, 303, 310, 329, 330, 334, 335,
339;
_Bataille de Taillebourg_, 40;
_La Captivite de Babylone_, 42;
_Cromwell au Chateau de Windsor_, 40;
_Dante et Virgile aux Enfers_, 36, 45;
_Enlevement de Rebecca_, 40;
_Entree des Croises a Jerusalem_, 40;
_Les Femmes d' Alger dans Leur Appartement_, 39, 111, 112;
_La Grece Expirant sur les Ruines de Missolonghi_, 41;
_Janissaires a l'Attaque_, 40;
_La Justice de Trajan_, 40, 42;
_Justinien Composant les Institutes_, 43;
_La Liberte Guidant le Peuple sur les Barricades_, 38, 40;
_Lion Dechirant un Cadavre_, 41;
_La Lutte de Jacob avec l'Ange_, 40, 45;
_Massacre de Scio_, 36, 39;
_Pieta_, 41;
_Renaude et Angelique_, 62;
_Repos_, 42.

de la Fresnay, 323.

_De la Loi du Contraste Simultane des Couleurs_, 164.

Delaunay, 259-162, 323;
_L'Equipe de Cardiff_, 260;
_Route de Laon_, 261;
_Les Tours_, 261;
_Ville de Paris_, 259-260, 260.

Delaunay-Terk, Madame, 262.

Delecluze, 335.

Delibes, 281.

Denis, Maurice, 197, 216, 319-320.

Derain, Andre, 163, 320.

de Ris, Clement, 335.

_Descent from the Cross_, 24.

De Segonzac, 321.

d'Espagnat, 322.

Desvallieres, 320.

Dethomas, Maxime, 221.

_D'Eugene Delacroix au Neo-Impressionnisme_, 169.

_Deux Soeurs, Les_, 123.

_Deux Tahitiens_, 226.

_Devil's Bridge, The_, 50.

_Diane Chasseresse_, 109.

Diaz, 68, 89, 108, 182.

_Dimanche a la Grande-Jatte, Un_, 180, 203.

di Nicolo, Pietro, 41.

Divisionists, _see_ Neo-Impressionism.

_Dog and Person in Movement_, 272.

Donatello, 203.

_Donde Va Mama_, 219.

_Don Quichotte_, 62.

Dostoievsky, 52.

Dove, 84, 324.

_Drame, Le_, 63.

Dreiser, Theodore, 52.

Dubois-Pillet, 175.

Duchamp, Marcel, 257, 258.

Dumas, 43.

Duerer, 187, 251, 338;
_Four Naked Women_, 24.

Duret, 102.

Dutch landscapists, 96.

_Dynamisme d'une Auto_, 269.

_Earl and Countess of Arundel, The_, 24.

East Indian art, 237.

Eddy, Arthur Jerome, 340.

_Eglise a Varengeville, L'_, 99.

Egyptian art, 64, 78, 205.

Eichler, R. M., 202.

El Greco, 20, 21, 22, 51, 95, 125, 135, 158, 163, 203, 246, 254, 255,
259, 297, 308, 329;
_Annunciation_, 81;
_Obsequies of the Count of Orgaz_, 55;
_The Resurrection of Christ_, 24.

_Emigrants, Les_, 62.

_Emile Zola_, 79.

_Emperor Charles V_, 24.

_En Bateau_, 79.

_Enfant a l'Epee, L'_, 67.

_Enfants en Rose et Bleu, Les_, 120.

English painters, 99, 116.

Engstroem, Albert, 221.

_Enlevement de Rebecca_, 40.

_Enterrement a Ornans, L'_, 51, 54, 55, 63, 77, 239.

_Entree des Croises a Jerusalem_, 40.

_Equipe de Cardiff, L'_, 260.

Erler, Fritz, 202.

Etchells, Frederick, 323.

_Eva Gonzales_, 79.

_Execution de Maximilien_, 80.

_Falaise a Etretat_, 100, 101.

Fantin-Latour, 53, 175.

Fauche, 197.

_Faust_, 8.

_Fauves, Chef des_, 233.

Fauvism, 234.

_Fecondite_, 73.

_Femme a la Mandoline_, 251.

_Femme a la Perruche, La_, 112.

_Femme au Cheval, La_, 258.

_Femme au Miroir, La_, 127.

_Femme au Perroquet, La_, 79.

_Femme au Tub_, 212.

_Femme aux Mangos, La_, 75.

_Femme de Munich_, 53.

_Femmes Assises a l'Ombre des Palmiers_, 196.

_Femmes d'Alger dans Leur Appartement, Les_, 39, 111, 112.

Ferguson, J. D., 324.

Fielding, 37.

_Fighting Temeraire, The_, 47.

Filiger, 197.

_Filles de Catulle Mendes, Les_, 123.

_Fillette a la Gerbe, La_, 123.

_Fillette a l'Orange, La_, 26.

_Fillette Attentive, La_, 114.

_fin de siecle_ movement, 219.

Flandrin, 321, 322.

Flemish masters, 137.

_Flight Turning a Corner_, 274.

_Folle, La_, 55.

Forain, J.-L., 62, 165, 213, 219-221, 221;
_Baudelaire Chez les Mufles_, 219-220.

Fornerod, Rodolphe, 202.

_Forum, The_, 9.

Fouquet, 34.

_Four Naked Women_, 24.

Fragonard, 34, 121, 244.

French art, 211.

Friesz, Othon, 22, 234, 320.

Frost, 262.

Fry, Roger, 324, 341.

Fuller, portrait of Loie, 216.

_Funeral of the Anarchist Galli_, 314.

Futurism (Futurists), 257, 259, 264-276, 282, 284, 285, 291, 295, 303,
316, 323, 336.

Gainsborough, 111, 181;
_Mrs. Siddons_, 115.

_Gare St. Lazare, La_, 50.

Gauguin, 22, 39, 93, 104, 150, 165, 183, 184, 186, 187-206, 208, 210,
222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 231, 243, 246, 247, 279, 281, 285, 306,
308, 315, 316, 318, 319, 323;
_Deux Tahitiens_, 226;
_Femmes Assises a l'Ombre des Palmiers_, 196;
_La Femme aux Mangos_, 75;
_Jeunes Bretonnes_, 195;
_Noa Noa_, 190;
_Paysage de la Martinique_, 194;
_Ruperupe_, 195;
_Tahitiennes_, 195;
_Vairaoumati Tei Oa_, 196.

Gautier, 43, 335.

Gerard, 17, 34, 35, 56.

Gericault, 34, 35, 51, 113, 211, 281;
_La Folle_, 55;
_Radeau de la Meduse_, 35, 55.

German art, 211.

Gerome, 222.

Ghil, Rene de, 266.

Giampietrino, 306.

Gibson, C. D., 221.

Giorgione, 21, 30, 95, 126, 329;
_Rural Concert_ (_Concert Champetre_), 69.

Giotto, 22, 29, 44, 56, 75, 125, 195, 203, 235, 280, 329;
_Death of Saint Francis_, 81;
_Descent from the Cross_, 24.

Girardon, 121, 121-122.

Girodet, 34.

_Glace sans Tain, La_, 231.

Glackens, W. S., 324.

Gleizes, Albert, 257, 258;
_Les Baigneuses_, 257;
_L'Homme au Balcon_, 257.

Goethe; _Faust_, 8.

Goya, 19, 25, 44, 67, 74, 75, 76, 110 187, 218, 225, 231, 255;
_Buen Viaje_, 219;
_Caprichos_, 225;
_Donde Va Mama_, 219;
_La Maya Desnuda_, 42.

_Grand Canal--Venice, The_, 24.

_Grands Chataigniers, Les_, 57.

Grant, Duncan, 324.

Granville, 62.

Granzow, 325.

Gravelot, 34.

_Grece Expirant sur les Ruines de Missolonghi, La_, 41.

Greek artists, 35, 125, 128, 163.

Greuze, 21, 34.

Gris, Jean, 258.

Gros, 17, 34, 35, 335.

_Grotte, La_, 56.

Guardi, 188;
_The Grand Canal--Venice_, 24.

Guariento; _The Heavenly Host_, 274.

Guercino, 56.

Guerin, Charles, 35, 36, 322, 322-323.

Guillaumin, 89, 96, 103, 104, 165, 166, 194.

_Guitarrero, Le_, 67.

Guizot, caricature of, 62.

Hallock, Madame Mary, 266.

Hals, Franz, 70, 80, 89, 187, 284.

_Hamac, Le_, 76.

Hankwan, 127.

Hartley, 324.

Hartmann, Sadikichi, 266.

Hassam, Childe, 324.

Hauptmann, Gerhart, 52.

Hayden, 324.

Haydn, 155.

_Head of a Chinese Lady_, 127.

_Head of an Old Man_, 217.

_Heavenly Host, The_, 274.

Held, portrait of Anna, 216

Helmholtz, 31, 165, 168, 285.

Henri, Robert, 273, 283.

Henri-Matisse. _See_ Matisse.

Hiroshige, 73, 99;
_Series of the Tokaido_, 100.

Hogarth, 19, 116.

Hokusai, 73, 99, 218;
_Views of Fuji_, 100.

Holbein, 209;
_The Ambassadors_, 24.

_Homme an Balcon, L'_, 257.

Horace, 134.

_House of Parliament--London, The_, 100.

Humbert, 165.

Impressionism (Impressionists), 31, 36, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 70, 74,
80, 82, 83-106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 114, 119, 120, 129, 135, 136,
137, 139, 141, 144, 156, 158, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 173, 174,
175, 176, 177, 188, 189, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 202, 203, 208,
209, 211, 222, 223, 224, 238, 239, 241, 246, 248, 274, 279, 280,
282, 284, 285, 286, 287, 294, 295, 315, 318, 324, 330, 331, 336,
337, 338, 339.

_Improvisation No. 29_, 315.

_Ingenue_, 115.

Ingres, 17, 35, 56, 62, 108, 111, 112, 126, 203, 210, 226, 227, 239,
243, 322;
_Le Bain Turc_, 69;
_La Source_, 69;
_Stratonice_, 210;
_Thetis et Jupiter_, 79.

Intimists, 315-319.

_Intruse, L'_, 193.

Italian art, 56, 82, 97.

_Janissaires a l'Attaque_, 40.

Japanese art, 64, 93, 99, 100, 188.

_Japonaise, La_, 98.

_Jardin, Le_, 317.

_Jardin de Bellevue, Le_, 80.

_Jardin d'Essoyes, Le_, 126.

_Jarretiere, La_, 75.

Jaulmes, Gustave, 202, 322.

Jawlensky, 324.

_Jeu de Balles_, 235.

_Jeunes Bretonnes_, 195.

John, Augustus, 320.

Jongkind, 43, 69, 91, 96, 175.

Journal, Delacroix's, 37, 39, 45, 164, 156, 177.

_Journal des Artistes_, 335.

Juanes, Juan de, 51.

_Justice de Trajan, La_, 40, 42.

_Justinien Composant les Institutes_, 43.

Kandinsky, 234, 264, 308-315;
_The Art of Spiritual Harmony_, 310;
_Improvisation No. 29_, 315.

Kanoldt, 325.

Keion; _Flight Turning a Corner_, 274.

Knauerhase, 324.

Korngold, 52;
_Symphonietta_, 332.

Kroll 324.

La Fosse, 79.

Lancret, 34.

Landon, C. P., 44.

Laprade, Pierre, 321.

Largilliere, 121.

Larson, Carl, 221.

La Tour, 34.

Lautrec, _see_ Toulouse-Lautrec.

Laval, 197.

Lawrence, 37, 209.

Lebasque, 321.

Le Beau, Alcide, 202, 322.

Leclerc, Julien, 193.

Leger, Fernand, 256-257, 258;
_Maisons et Fumees_, 256;
_Les Toits_, 256.

Legrand, Louis, 213, 218, 218-219, 221, 227;
_Maitresse_, 219.

Legros, 209.

Leibniz, 269.

Le Moyne, 79, 121.

Le Nains, the, 34.

Lewis, Wyndham, 320, 323.

Lhermitte, 209.

Lhote, 324.

_Liberte Guidant le Peuple sur les Barricades, La_, 38, 40.

Liombruno, 223.

_Lion Dechirant un Cadavre_, 41.

_Lise_, 109, 109-110, 111.

Liszt, 97.

Little Dutchmen, the, 188.

_Loge, La_, 114.

_Lola de Valence_, 68.

_London series_ (Monet), 102.

Loti, Pierre, 191.

Lotiron, 324.

Louis Philippe, 43.

Louis XVI, 34.

Louvre, the, 36, 53, 69, 136, 223, 226.

Luce, 175.

Lucretius, 134.

_Lutte de Jacob avec l'Ange, La_, 40, 45.

_Lutteurs, Les_ (Courbet), 59-60.

_Lutteurs, Les_ (Daumier), 59.

Luxembourg gallery, 53, 68, 99, 104, 115.

Macdonald-Wright, S., 283, 284-285, 286, 287-288, 289, 289-290, 292,
293, 296, 298, 300-302, 303, 338;
_Arm Organisation in Blue-Green_, 301;
_Synchromie en Bleu_, 297.

_Madame T. et Son Fils_, 26.

_Mlle. Durand-Ruel_, 113, 114.

Maeterlinck, 310;
_L'Intruse_, 193.

_Maisons et Fumees_, 256.

_Maitresse_, 219.

Mallarme, 275.

Manet, 25, 52, 53, 62, 64-82, 83, 87, 90, 93, 98, 99, 106, 107, 108,
109, 111, 112, 113, 115, 127, 128, 131, 134, 135, 191, 204, 207,
212, 225, 226, 239, 243, 282, 283, 308, 330, 335, 336, 337;
_Angelina_, 68;
_Les Anges au Tombeau_, 79;
_Le Bar des Folies-Bergere_, 80;
_Les Bulles de Savon_, 80;
_Le Buveur d'Absinthe_, 66, 68;
_La Chanteuse des Rues_, 79;
_Le Chemin de Fer_, 80;
_Le Claire de Lune_, 80;
_Combat du Kerseage et de l'Alabama_, 80;
_Course de Taureaux_, 80;
_Le Dejeuner_, 79;
_Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe_, 69-70, 77-78, 79;
_Emile Zola_, 79;
_En Bateau_, 79;
_L'Enfant a l'Epee_, 67;
_Eva Gonzales_, 79;
_Execution de Maximilien_, 80;
_La Femme au Perroquet_, 79;
_Le Guitarrero_, 67;
_Le Jardin de Bellevue_, 80;
_La Jarretiere_, 75;
_Lola de Valence_, 68;
_Nana_, 75;
_La Nymphe Surprise_, 66;
_Olympia_, 74-75, 79, 335;
_Les Parents de l'Artiste_, 67;
_Le Port de Bordeaux_, 80;
_Rendez-vous de Chats_, 77, 80;
_Le Repos_, 76.

Manguin, 321.

Mantegna; _The Dead Christ_, 24.

Mantz, Paul, 336.

_Man with the Hoe, The_, 57.

Marconi, 97.

Marinetti, 265, 276.

Marquet, 324.

_Marseillaise_, 311-312.

Martin, Henri, 101, 102, 175.

Martinet's gallery, 68.

_Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew, The_, 55.

Marval, Madame, 321.

Masaccio, 22, 42, 329;
_Saint Peter Baptising the Pagans_, 24.

_Massacre de Scio_, 36, 39.

Massys, 217;
_The Courtesan_, 217;
_Head of an Old Man_, 217;
_Portrait of a Canon_, 217.

Matisse, 22, 32, 97, 123, 202, 203, 216, 222-236, 237, 238, 241, 243,
246, 247, 254, 256, 262, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 289, 291, 308,
309, 310, 315, 316, 320, 321, 323, 324, 331, 332, 337;
_Baigneuses_, 226, 235;
_La Glace sans Tain_, 235;
_Jeu de Balles_, 235;
_La Musique--esquisse_, 235;
_La Musique_ (_panneau decoratif_), 235.

Mauve, 182.

_Maya Desnuda, La_, 42.

Mazo, 67.

Mazzola-Bedoli, 203.

Meissonier, 53.

Meier-Graefe, 55, 340.

Memlinc, 217;
_The Casting of the Lots_, 217;
_Our Lord's Passions_, 217.

_Menage Sisley, Le_, 109, 110-111, 112.

_Mere et Enfant_, 123.

Merimee, 43.

Merril, Stuart, 193.

_Metbodes et Entretiens d'Atelier_, 44.

Metzinger, Jean, 257, 257-258;
_La Femme au Cheval_, 258;
_Le Port_, 258.

_Meules, Les_, 102.

Meunier, 62.

Michelangelo, 27, 36, 42, 44, 60, 61, 75, 82, 95, 119, 122, 129, 145,
155, 159, 163, 165, 235, 236, 237, 254, 267, 273, 284, 285, 294,
306, 308;
_Creation of the Sun and Moon_, 24;
_Slaves_, 21, 290, 299, 338.

_Mille et Une Nuits_, 231.

Millet, 57, 182, 188;
_The Angelus_, 57;
_The Man with the Hoe_, 57.

_Minerva Expelling Mars_, 57.

_Miracle Saint Mark, The_, 24.

Mitsuoki, 77.

_Modern Painters_, 47.

Mokkei, 158.

Molineri, Antonino, 21.

_Monastery Bells_, 332.

Monet, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 80, 82, 90, 91, 96, 96-102, 103, 104, 112,
113, 114, 115, 128, 144, 165, 166, 175, 199, 200, 210, 216, 223,
274, 280, 283, 285, 308, 324;
_La Cathedral_, 102;
_Coins de Riviere_, 100;
_L'Eglise a Varengeville_, 99;
_Falaise a Etretat_, 100, 101;
_La Gare St. Lazare_, 50;
_The Houses of Parliament--London_, 100;
_La Japonaise_, 99;
_London series_, 102;
_Les Meules_, 102;
_Les Nympheas_, 102;
_Les Peupliers_, 100;
_Venice series_, 102.

Monnier, 62.

Moore, George, 25, 52.

Monticelli, 182.

Moreas, 193.

Moreau, Gustave, 190, 221, 224.

Morgan, Wallace 221.

Morisot, 165.

Moronobu, 274.

Morot, Aime, 258.

_Moulin de la Gallette, Le_, 26, 114, 115.

Mounet-Sully, portrait of, 216.

Mozart, 42.

_Mrs. Siddons_, 115.

Muenter, 324.

Muenzer, Adolf, 202.

Murillo, 21, 67.

_Musiciens a l'Orchestre_, 213.

_Musique aux Tuileries, La_, 109.

_Musique--esquisse, La_, 235.

_Musique_ (_panneau decoratif_), _La_, 235.

Nadelmann, 163.

_Nana_, 75.

Napoleon, 53.

Napoleon III, 69.

National Gallery, London, 41.

_Natte, La_, 123.

Nattier, 34.

Negro sculpture, 229, 230, 231, 236.

Neo-Impressionism (Neo-Impressionists), 164-186, 189, 197, 199, 203,
208, 222, 224, 234, 260, 275, 278, 293, 303, 330.

_New age, The_, 9, 341.

_Ninth Symphony_, 8.

_Noa Noa_, 190.

_Nu a l'Etoffe Vert et Jaune_, 123.

_Nymphe Surprise, La_, 66.

_Nympheas, Les_, 102.

_Obsequies of the Count of Orgaz_, 55.

_Observateur des Beaux-Arts_, 335.

_Ode aux Fleurs_ (_d'apres Anacreon_), 126.

_OEuvre, L'_, 134.

Olivier, 34.

_Olympia_, 74-75, 79, 195, 335.

_Opus II_ (Schoenberg), 332.

Orage, A. R., 341.

Orphism (Orphists), 239, 262, 275, 290, 291.

Ortolano, 191.

Ottmann, 324.

_Our Lord's Prayer_, 217.

Padovanino, 23.

_Panneaux_, decorative (Renoir), 117.

_Panneaux_ (tambourine player and dancer), (Renoir), 126.

_Parisiennes Habillees en Algeriennes_, 111, 112.

Pater, 34, 121.

Paul, Hermann, 221.

_Paysage de la Martinique_, 194.

Peckstein, 324.

Persian art, 64, 190, 230, 231, 236.

Petitjean, 175.

_Petit Peintre, Le_, 126.

_Peupliers, Les_, 100.

_Philip IV_, 24.

Picabia, Francis, 257, 258-259, 323.

Picasso, 9, 22, 121, 234, 236, 240, 243, 246, 247, 251, 252, 255-256,
158, 259, 262, 274, 284, 308, 323, 331;
_Femme a la Mandoline_, 251.

_Pieta_, 41.

Piot, 322.

Pisanello, 28.

Pissarro, 47, 48, 69, 82, 89, 90, 95-96, 99, 104, 107, 114, 131, 135,
136, 165, 166, 180, 182, 192, 194, 199, 208, 212, 280;
_Sydenham Road_, 99.

Pissarro, Lucien, 165.

_Plume, La_, 338.

Poe, Edgar Allan, 53.

Poe, tales of Edgar Allan, 219.

Pointillism (Pointillists), _see_ Neo-Impressionism.

Polaire, portrait of, 216.

Pollaiuolo, 203.

Pont-Aven school, 187-206, 319.

_Port de Bordeaux, Le_, 80.

_Port, Le_, 258.

_Portrait de Dame_, 114.

_Portrait d'Homme_, 184-185.

_Portrait of a Canon_, 217.

Post-Impressionism (Post-Impressionists), 234.
_See also_ Matisse.

Poussin, 19, 21, 22, 40, 97, 129, 320.

Praxiteles, 218.

Prendergast, 321-322.

Prevost, 216.

Puget, 108.

Putz, Leo, 202.

Puy, Jean, 321.

_Radeau de la Meduse_, 35, 55.

Raeburn, 89.

Rafaelli, 188.

_Rain, Steam and Speed_, 47, 50.

Raphael, 19, 21, 22, 165, 255.

_Ratapoil_, 62.

Ray, Louis, 197.

Rembrandt, 22, 25, 41, 44, 45, 51, 56, 61, 62, 66, 99, 108, 280, 284;
etchings, 59.

Redon, 165, 187.

Regnault, 21, 34.

Remberg, Baron, 53.

Renaissance, the, 26, 29, 39, 51, 92, 128, 223, 227, 255, 306, 322.

_Renaude et Angelique_, 62.

_Rendez-vous de Chats_, 77, 80.

Renoir, 21, 22, 25, 26, 52, 56, 70, 77, 106, 107-128, 136, 154, 155,
156, 163, 166, 181, 197, 205, 207, 208, 213, 135, 237, 238, 244,
234, 302, 306, 308, 316, 324, 330, 336, 337;
_Au Piano_, 123;
_Baigneuse_ (1884), 120, 122;
_Baigneuse_ (1888), 122, 123;
_La Baigneuse au Griffon_, 112;
_La Baigneuse Brune_, 123;
_Baigneuses_ (1835), 121, 125;
_Baigneuses_ (1902), 125, 126, 157;
_La Balancoire_, 115;
_Le Cabaret de la Mere Anthony_, 109;
_La Chevelure_, 114;
_Coco_, heads of, 126;
_Coco et les Deux Servantes_, 126;
_Le Croquet_, 123;
_La Danseuse_, 114;
_Les Deux Soeurs_, 123;
_Diane Chasseresse_, 109;
_Les Enfants en Rose et Bleu_, 120;
_La Femme a la Perruche_, 112;
_La Femme au Miroir_, 127;
_Les Filles de Catulle Mendes_, 123;
_La Fillette a la Gerbe_, 123;
_La Fillette Attentive_, 114;
_La Fillet et l'Orange_, 26;
_Ingenue_, 115;
_Le Jardin d'Essoyes_, 126;
_La Loge_, 114;
_Lise_, 109, 109-110, 111;
_Madame T. et Son Fils_, 26;
_Mere et Enfant_, 123;
_Le Menage Sisley_, 109, 110-111, 112;
_Mlle. Durand-Ruel_, 113, 114;
_Le Moulin de la Galette_, 26, 114, 115;
_La Musique aux Tuileries_, 109;
_La Natte_, 123;
_Nu a l'Etoffe Vert et Jaune_, 123;
_Ode aux Fleurs_ (_d'apres Anacreon_), 126;
_Panneaux_, decorative, 117;
_Panneaux_ (tambourine player and dancer), 126;
_Parisiennes Habillees en Algeriennes_, 111, 112;
_Le Petit Peintre_, 126;
_Portrait de Dame_, 114;
_La Rose dans les Cheveux_, 126;
_La Source_, 114;
_Tete de Jeune Fille_, 120;
_La Toilette de la Baigneuse_, 125.

_Repos_, 42.

_Repos des Saltimbanques, Le_, 60.

_Repos, Le_, (Manet), 76.

_Republique--1848, La_, 61.

_Resurrection of Christ, The_, 24.

_Retour de Christophe Colomb_, 40, 51.

Reynolds, Joshua, 21, 61.

Ribera, 21, 51, 108, 187;
_The Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew_, 55.

Rigaud, 79.

Rimbaud, Arthur, 266.

Rin Teikei, 315.

Ririomin; _Head of a Chinese Lady_, 127.

Roberts, W., 323.

Robinson, Boardman, 221.

Robusti, 79.

Rodin, 62.

Roll, 101.

Romanelli, 223.

Romney, 116.

Rondinelli, 79.

Rood, 31, 165, 168, 180, 285.

_Rose dans les Cheveux_, La, 127.

Rossetti, 116, 221.

Rotonchamp, Jean de, 190.

Roubille, 221.

Rousseau, 68, 89, 108, 205, 321-322.

Roussel, K.-X., 315, 318, 318-319.

_Route de Laon_, 251.

Rubens, 9, 20, 21, 22, 26, 28, 36, 40, 41, 44, 45, 51, 52, 71, 81, 82,
87, 97, 108, 121, 125, 126, 127, 138, 158, 163, 165, 187, 203, 205,
220, 245, 254, 273, 277, 283, 300, 306, 308, 329;
_The Adoration of the Wise Men of the East_, 40;
_The Earl and Countess of Arundel_, 24.

Rude, 273.

_Ruperupe_, 195.

_Rural Concert_, 69.

Ruskin, 46, 47;
_Modern Painters_, 47.

Russell, Morgan, 283, 283-284, 285, 286, 286-287, 288, 289, 292, 293,
294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303;
_Synchromie_, 299;
_Synchromie en Bleu-Violace_, 299;
_Synchromie en Vert_, 288-289, 297.

Russolo, Luigi, 276.

_Saint Peter Baptising the Pagans_, 24.

Salmon, Andre, 338.

_Salon d'Automne_, 224, 257.

_Salon des Artistes Independents_, 167, 224, 262, 288, 297, 299.

_Salon des Refuses_, 69.

_Salon des Reprouves_, 69.

Santerre, 121.

S. Vitale, mosaics in, 150, 204.

Sargent, 18, 98.

Scarsellino, 203.

Schoenberg; _Opus II_, 332.

Schuffenecker, 165, 197.

Scott, Walter, 43.

Scriabine, Alexander, 266, 311.

Seguin, 197.

Serusier, 197.

_Setting Sun_, 100.

Seurat, 165, 165-166, 167, 176, 177, 178, 180, 180-181, 181, 182, 183,
184, 203, 226, 243, 264, 265, 310, 319;
_La Baignade_, 203;
_Le Chahut_, 180;
_Le Cirque_, 180;
_Un Dimanche a la Grande-Jatte_, 180, 203.

Severini, 22, 276.

Shannon, 98.

Shaw, George Bernard, 52.

Sheeler, Jr., C. R., 323.

Shiubun; _Setting Sun_, 100.

Sibelius, 52.

Sickert, Walter, 219.

Signac, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 174, 181, 182, 184, 224, 264;
_D'Eugene Delacroix au Neo-Impressionnisme_, 169.

Signorelli, Luca, 137.

_Silene_, 63.

Silvestre, Theophile, 44.

Simon, 18.

Simultaneism, 262, 276.

Sisley, 49, 89, 96, 99, 102-103, 104, 280.

_Slaves_, 21, 290, 299, 338.

Sodoma, 218.

_Soirees de Paris, Les_, 341.

_Sonneurs de Cloches_, 62.

Sorolla, 18, 52, 187.

_Sortie du Bain, La_, 212.

_Source, La_ (Ingres), 69.

_Source, La_ (Renoir), 114.

Spanish art, 62, 97, 111.

Spiro, 322.

Stein, Leo, 284.

Steinlen, 62, 246, 255.

Stendhal, 43.

Stern, Maurice, 323.

Stevens, Alfred, 209.

Stieglitz, Alfred, 341.

Stradivarius, 121.

Strauss, Richard, 25, 52.

_Stratonice_, 210.

_Sun of Venice Going to Sea, The_, 49.

Superville, 165.

Swift, 191.

Swinburne, 82.

_Sydenham Road_, 99.

_Symphonietta_, 332.

_Synchromie_, 299.

_Synchromie en Bleu_, 297.

_Synchromie en Bleu-Violace_, 299.

_Synchromie en Vert_, 288-289, 297

Synchromism (Synchromists), 32, 97, 115, 275, 277-304, 324, 325, 331,
332, 335, 336, 338, 339.

Synthesists, _see_ Pont-Aven school.

_Table au Moulin-Rouge_, Une, 215.

_Tahitiennes_, 195.

Taine, 32.

Tanagra figurines, 218.

_Tete de Jeune Fille_, 120.

_Thetis et Jupiter_, 79.

Thiers, 36.

Tiepolo, 87, 218, 244.

Tillot, 165.

Tintoretto, 21, 22, 51, 66, 137, 271, 329;
_Minerva Expelling Mars_ 57;
_The Miracle of Saint Mark_, 24.

Titian, 21, 36, 42, 44, 66, 72, 74, 75, 97, 108, 127, 189, 320;
_Emperor Charles V_, 24;
_Venus Reclining_, 75.

Toba Sojo, 218.

Tobeen, 324.

_Toilette, La_, 212.

_Toilette de la Baigneuse, La_, 125.

_Toits, Les_, 256.

_Tokaido, series of the_, 100.

_Torse de Femme S'Essuyant_, 212.

Toulouse-Lautrec, 62, 213, 214-218, 220, 221, 242, 246, 255, 318, 321;
_Une Table au Moulin-Rouge_, 215;
Portraits of Loie Fuller, Sarah Bernhardt, Mounet-Sully, Yahne,
Anna Held, 216.

_Tours, Les_, 261.

_Trattato della Pittura_, 148.

_Trois Danseuses_, 212.

_Trovatore, Il_, 42.

Troyon, 67.

Tudor-Hart, 168.

Turner, 17, 43, 46-50, 58, 63, 88, 89, 91, 97, 99, 103, 175, 205, 277,
302, 329;
_The Devil's Bridge_, 50;
_The Fighting Temeraire_, 47;
_Rain, Steam and Speed_, 47, 50;
_The Sun of Venice Going to Sea_, 49;
_Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus_, 47.

_Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus_, 47.

Utamaro, 100.

Utrillo, 324.

_Vague, La_, 101.

_Vairaoumati Tei Oa_, 196.

Valensi, 324.

Vallotton, 321-322, 322.

Van de Velde, 175.

Van Dongen, Kees, 321.

Van Dyke, 50.

Van Gogh, 46, 62, 150, 182-186, 187, 192, 193, 196, 199, 215, 234, 314;
_Portrait d'Homme_, 184-185.

Van Rysselberghe, 174, 175.

Van Vranken, _see_ Macdonald-Wright, S.

_Vaudeville_, the, 193.

Velazquez, 19, 51, 66, 67, 70, 82, 89, 110, 212, 282, 284;
_Philip IV_, 24.

Venetians, 39, 43, 44, 62, 70, 135, 162.

_Venice series_ (Monet), 102.

_Venus Accroupie_, 226.

_Venus Reclining_, 75.

Verdi; _Il Trovatore_, 42.

Verkade, 197.

Verlaine, 193.

Veronese, 36, 38, 40, 44, 137, 282, 329.

Veron, Eugene, 44.

Vien, 34.

_Vierge a l'Ecuelle, La_, 62.

_Views of Fuji_, 100.

Vignon, 165.

_Ville de Paris_, 259-260, 260.

Virgil, 134.

Vlaminck, Maurice de, 320-321.

Vollard, Ambroise, 145.

Vollard collection, 125.

Vorticism (Vorticists), 325.

Vuillard, 315, 318, 318-319.

Wagner, 42, 53, 266.

Walkowitz, 325.

Watteau, 22, 34, 97, 112, 113, 121.

Whistler, 21, 47, 52, 69, 98, 134, 187, 209, 212, 244, 258, 318.

William of Orange, 50.

Wolff, Albert, 336.

Wright, S. Macdonald. _See_ Macdonald-Wright, S.

Yahne, portrait of, 216.

Young, Thomas, 84.

Zak, 205, 321-322.

Zanchi, 23.

Zawadowsky, 324.

Zola, 52, 73, 131, 133, 134;
_L'Assommoir_, 73;
_Fecondite_, 73;
_L'OEuvre_, 134.

Zorn, 52.

Zuloaga, 21, 98.

Zurbaran, 50.

_OTHER BOOKS BY WILLARD HUNTINGTON WRIGHT_

WHAT NIETZSCHE TAUGHT

A comprehensive exposition of Nietzsche's philosophy, book by book, with, a complete biographical sketch and a frontispiece of Professor Karl Donndorf's bust of Nietzsche.

The best book of its sort I have ever seen.--_James Huneker._

We know of no other book just like Mr. Wright's, nor anyone that, on the whole, we can recommend more heartily.--_The Nation._

As a presentation in compact form of biographical data and certain extracts from the philosopher's writings, the book is admirable.--_Review of Reviews._

It offers a better and truer report of Nietzsche's ideas than any other book either in English or German.--_H. L. Mencken in the Baltimore Evening Sun._

An excellent survey of the life and philosophy of Nietzsche ... The best summary of Nietzsche that has yet appeared in English.--_Springfield Republican._

Just as one should begin the study of Nietzsche's works with "Human, All-too-Human," so could one most advantageously undertake the study of Nietzsche with Mr. Wright's volume.--_The Dial._

Mr Wright's compilation may be warmly recommended.--_Boston Transcript._

Mr. Wright knows thoroughly what he is talking about, and his book is excellent.--_New York Evening Sun._

THE PRINCIPLES OF AESTHETIC FORM AND ORGANISATION

(_In Preparation_)

An inquiry into the laws governing aesthetic appreciation in all the arts. The first basic co-ordination of the factors which make for empathy and aesthetic emotion, and the only fundamental _rationale_ for criticism in existence. Mr. Wright, in this new and important work, defines aesthetic form and rhythmic composition, and establishes a definite foundation for artistic judgment. "The Principles of AEsthetic Form and Organisation" is by far the most profound and important contribution to the science of aesthetics since Kant.

THE MAN OF PROMISE

(_To be published January, 1916_)

Mr. Wright has here written one of the most penetrating and unusual novels of this generation. Its conception, its point of view, its frankness, its freedom from all prejudice, and its form are in accord with the highest standards of the best Continental fiction. The central character--"the man of promise," despite his potentialities of genius, is an intensely appealing and sympathetic figure. In his nature are combined weakness and strength, cruelty and tenderness, virtue and viciousness. In short, he is inherently human, capable of ascending the heights, yet capable also of sinking to the depths of life's degradations.

The story, which takes him from early boyhood to middle age, is centred about his affairs, psychological and sexual, with the many women who touch his life. Not one of these women is able to assist him in his great work or to attain to his high and solitary ideals. In not one of them can he find an "inspiration." They are not necessary to his intellectual development. To the contrary, each tends to drag him down to the mediocre level of the world's criterion of greatness, to sap his vitality, to curb his heresies, to make of him a commonplace man. The book, in short, is an undogmatic refutation of the theory that great men need the influence of women. It shows how women, by their conservatism and social conventionality, interfere with true greatness and conspire instinctively and unconsciously against the higher nature of the men they love.

First Mr. Wright shows the cramping influence of mother love, the maternal efforts to inculcate conventional and religious ideals into the child. Then we are given a glimpse of the influence of the man's boyhood romance. Next we see his college sweetheart, in love with life's pleasures and gaieties, turning his mind from his work. Later we have the young man's mistress, a selfish and calculating woman, ready to sacrifice his career to her personal ends. Still later, his wife, a sweet, loving and admirable woman, hinders him by her conservatism and constant attentions. In a final attempt to find a woman who can wholly appreciate his exalted desires and follow him to the heights he has in mind, he deserts his wife for what he thinks is an advanced and intellectual woman. But she in the end proves little different from the others. She exhibits the same petty jealousies and makes the same demands on him, and he sends her away in a last desperate attempt to consummate his aspirations. But at this time his daughter, now a young woman, appears; and he is forced to make the final sacrifice to her future.

"The Man of Promise" goes deep into the undercurrents of life, and it is not a novel any man or woman can afford to miss reading. It is a powerful story and in many ways a ruthless one; but both in conception and execution it marks a new epoch in American fiction.