Chapter LVI: Appendix: XXVIII

'The estate of man upon this earth of ours may in course of time be vastly improved. So much seems to be promised by the recent achievements of Science, whose advance is in geometrical progression, each discovery giving birth to several more. Increase of health and extension of life by sanitary, dietetic, and gymnastic improvement; increase of wealth by invention and of leisure by the substitution of machinery for labour: more equal distribution of wealth with its comforts and refinements; diffusion of knowledge; political improvement; elevation of the domestic affections and social sentiments; unification of mankind and elimination of war through ascendency of reason over passion--all these things may be carried to an indefinite extent, and may produce what in comparison with the present estate of man would be a terrestrial paradise. Selection and the merciless struggle for existence may be in some measure superseded by selection of a more scientific and merciful kind. Death may be deprived at all events of its pangs. On the other hand, the horizon does not appear to be clear of cloud.... Let our fancy suppose the most chimerical of Utopias realised in a commonwealth of man. Mortal life prolonged to any conceivable extent is but a span. Still over every festal board in the community of terrestrial bliss will be cast the shadow of approaching death; and the sweeter life becomes the more bitter death will be. {256} The more bitter it will be at least to the ordinary man, and the number of philosophers like John Stuart Mill is small.'--GOLDWIN SMITH: _Guesses at the Riddle of Existence_ ('Is There Another Life?').

'In return for all of which they have deprived us, some prophets of modern science are disposed to show us in the future a City of God _minus_ God, a Paradise _minus_ the Tree of Life, a Millennium with education to perfect the intellect, and sanitary improvements to emancipate the body from a long catalogue of evils. Sorrow no doubt will not be abolished; immortality will not be bestowed. But we shall have comfortable and perfectly drained houses to be wretched in. The news of our misfortunes, the tidings that turn the hair white, and break the strong man's heart will be conveyed to us from the ends of the earth by the agency of a telegraphic system without a flaw. The closing eye may cease to look to the land beyond the River; but in our last moments we shall be able to make a choice between patent furnaces for the cremation of our remains, and coffins of the most charming description for their preservation when desiccated.'--Archbishop ALEXANDER: _Witness of the Psalms to Christ and Christianity_, p. 48.

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AUTHORITIES CONSULTED

Abbott, E. A., _Through Nature to Christ_.

Armstrong, E. A., _Back to Jesus; Man's Knowledge of God; Agnosticism and Theism in the Nineteenth Century_.

Arthur, W., _God without Religion; Religion without God_.

Aveling, F. (edited by), _Westminster Lectures_.

Balfour, A. J., _Religion of Humanity; Foundations of Belief_.

Ballard, F., _Clarion Fallacies; Miracles of Unbelief_.

_Barker, Joseph, Life of_.

Barry, W., _Heralds of Revolt_.

Bartlett, R. E., _The Letter and the Spirit_.

Besant, Annie, _Esoteric Christianity_.

Blatchford, R., _God and My Neighbour_.

Blau, Paul, '_Wenn ihr Mich Kennetet_.'

Bousset, W., _Jesus; What is Religion?; The Faith of a Modern Protestant_.

Brace, G. Loring, _Gesta Christi_.

Bremond, H., 'Christus Vivit' (Epilogue of _L'Inquietude Religieuse_).

Broglie, L'Abbe Paul de, _Problemes et Conclusions; La Morale sans Dieu_.

Brooks, Phillips, Bishop, _The Influence of Jesus_.

Butler, Bishop, _The Analogy of Religion_.

{258}

Caird, E., _The Evolution of Religion; The Social Philosophy and Religion of Comte_.

Caird, J., _Fundamental Ideas of Christianity_.

Cairns, D. S., _Christianity in the Modern World_.

Carey, Vivian, _Parsons and Pagans_.

Caro, E., _L'Idee de Dieu et ses Nouveaux Critiques; Etudes Morales; Problemes de Morale Sociale_.

Chesterton, G. K., _Heretics; Orthodoxy_.

Church, K. W., _Gifts of Civilization; Pascal and other Sermons_.

Clarke, J. Freeman, _Steps to Belief_.

Cobbe, Frances Power, _A Faithless World; Broken Lights; Autobiography_.

Coit, Stanton, _National Idealism and a State Church_.

Comte, Auguste, _Catechism of Positive Religion_ (translated by Richard Congreve).

_Contentio Veritatis_.

Conway, Moncure D., _The Earthward Pilgrimage_.

Craufurd, A. H., _Christian Instincts and Modern Doubt_.

Crooker, J. H., _The Supremacy of Jesus_.

D'Alviella, G., _Revolution Religieuse Contemporaine_.

Davies, O. Maurice, _Heterodox London_.

Davies, Llewelyn, _Morality according to the Lord's Supper_.

_Do we Believe_? (Correspondence from _Daily Telegraph_.)

Drawbridge, C. L., _Is Religion Undermined_?

Drummond, J., _Via, Veritas, Vita_.

Du Bose, W. P., _The Gospel and the Gospels_.

Eaton, J. R. T., _The Permanence of Christianity_.

Faber, Hans, _Das Christentum der Zukunft_.

Fairbairn, A. M., _Christ in Modern Theology_.

{259}

Farrar, A. S., _Critical History of Free Thought_.

Farrar, F. W., _Seekers after God; Witness of History to Christ_.

Fiske, John, _The Idea of God as Affected by Modern Knowledge; Through Nature to God; Man's Destiny_.

Fitchett, W. H., _Beliefs of Unbelief_.

Flint, R., _Theism; Anti-Theistic Theories_.

Footman, H., _Reasonable Apprehensions and Reassuring Hints_.

Fordyce, J., _Aspects of Scepticism_.

Forrest, D. W., _The Christ of History and of Experience_.

Frommel, Gaston, _Etudes Religieuses et Sociales; Etudes Morales et Religieuses_.

Gindraux, J., _Le Christ et la Pensee Moderne_ (Translation from Pfennigsdorf).

Gladden, Washington, _How Much is Left of the Old Doctrines_?

Gore, O., Bishop, _The Incarnation of the Son of God; The Christian Creed_.

Guyau, M., _L'Irreligion de l'Avenir; La Morale sans Sanction_.

Haeckel, E., _Riddle of the Universe; The Confession of Faith of a Man of Science_.

Harnack, Adolf, _What is Christianity?; Christianity and History_.

Harrison, A. J., _Problems of Christianity and Scepticism_.

Harrison, Frederic, _Memories and Thoughts; The Creed of a Layman_.

Haw, George (edited by), _Religious Doubts of Democracy_.

Henson, H. Hensley, _Popular Rationalism; The Value of the Bible_.

Hillis, N. D., _Influence of Christ in Modern Life_.

{260}

Hoffmann, F. S., _The Sphere of Religion_.

Hunt, Jasper B., _Good without God_.

Hunt, John, _Christianity and Pantheism_.

Hutton, R. H., _Essays Theological and Literary; Contemporary Thought and Thinkers; Aspects of Religious and Scientific Thought_.

Huxley, T. H., _Evolution and Ethics_.

Illingworth, J. R., _Personality Human and Divine; Divine Immanence_.

_Is Christianity True_? (Lectures in Central Hall, Manchester).

Jastrow, Morris, _The Study of Religion_.

Jefferies, Richard, _The Story of my Heart: My Autobiography_.

Jones, Harry (edited by), _Some Urgent Questions in Christian Lights_.

Kutter, Herrmann, _Sie Muessen_.

Lecky, W. E. H., _History of European Morals_.

Liddon, H. P., _The Divinity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ; Some Elements of Religion_.

Lilly, W. S., _The Great Enigma; The Claims of Christianity_.

Lodge, Sir Oliver, _The Substance of Faith_.

Lucas, Bernard, _The Faith of a Christian_.

_Lux Hominum_.

_Lux Mundi_.

Maitland, Brownlow, _Theism or Agnosticism; Steps to Faith_.

Mallock, W. H., _Reconstruction of Belief_.

{261}

Marson, O. L., _Following of Christ_.

Martin, A. S., 'Christ in Modern Thought' (Hastings's _Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels_, Appendix).

Martineau, Harriet, _Autobiography_.

Martineau, James, _Ideal Substitutes for God; A Study of Religion; Hours of Thought_.

Matheson, G., _Growth of the Spirit of Christianity_.

Matheson, A. Scott, _The Gospel and Modern Substitutes_.

Menzies, Allan, _S. Paul's View of the Divinity of Christ_.

Menzies, P. S., 'Christian Pantheism' (in _Sermons_).

Momerie, A. W., _Belief in God; Immortality; Origin of Evil_.

Monod, Wilfrid, _Aux Croyants et aux Athees; Peut-on rester Chretien_?

Mories, A. S., _Haeckel's Contribution to Religion_.

Morison, J. Cotter, _The Service of Man_.

Mozoomdar, Protab Chandra, _The Oriental Christ_.

Myers, F. W. H., _Modern Essays_.

Naville, Ernest, _Le Pere Celeste; Le Christ; Le Temoignage du Christ et l'Unite du Monde Chretien_.

Neumann, Arno, _Jesus_.

Newman, F. W., _The Soul: Its Sorrows and Aspirations; Phases of Faith_.

Nolloth, C. F., _The Person of our Lord and Recent Thought_.

Oxenham, H. N., _Essays Ethical and Religious_.

_Oxford House Tracts_.

Palmer, W. S., _An Agnostic's Progress; The Church and Modern Men_.

Peile, J. H. F., _The Reproach of the Gospel_.

Pfannmueller, Gustav, _Jesus im Urteil der Jahrhunderte_.

{262}

Picard, L'Abbe, _Christianity or Agnosticism?; La Transcendance de Jesus Christ_.

Picton, J. Allanson, _The Religion of the Universe; Pantheism: Its Story and Significance_.

Plumptre, E. H., _Christ and Christendom_.

_Present Day Tracts_ (R. T. S.).

Pringle-Pattison, A. Seth, _Man's Place in the Cosmos_.

Reade, Winwood, _The Martyrdom of Man; The Outcast_.

_Religion and the Modern Mind_ (St. Ninian's Society Lectures).

Renesse, _Jesus Christ and His Apostles and Disciples in the Twentieth Century_.

Robinson, O. H., _Human Nature a Revelation of the Divine; Studies in the Character of Christ_.

Romanes, G. J., _Thoughts on Religion_.

Sabatier, A., _The Religions of Authority and the Religion of the Spirit_.

Sanday, W., _Life of Christ in Recent Research_.

Savage, M. J., _Religion for To-day; The Life Beyond_.

Schmiedel, P. W., _Jesus and Modern Criticism_.

Seaver, R. W., _To Christ through Criticism_.

_Secularist's Manual_.

Seeley, J. R., _Ecce Homo; Natural Religion_.

Sen, Keshub Chunder, India asks, _Who is Christ_?

Sheldon, H. O., _Unbelief in the Nineteenth Century_.

Simpson, P. Carnegie, _The Fact of Christ_.

Smith, Goldwin, _Guesses at the Riddle of Existence; Lectures on the Study of History; The founder of Christianity_.

Smyth, Newman, _Old Faiths in New Light_.

Stanley, A. P., 'Theology of the Nineteenth Century' (in _Essays on Church and State_); _Christian Institutions_.

{263}

Stephen, J. Fitzjames, 'The Unknowable and Unknown' (_Nineteenth Century_, June 1884); _Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity_.

Stephen, Leslie, _An Agnostic's Apology; English Thought in the Eighteenth Century_.

Swete, H. B. (edited by), _Cambridge Theological Essays_.

Swift, Dean, _The Abolishing of Christianity_.

_Topics for the Times_ (S. P. C. K.).

Tulloch, J., _Modern Theories in Theology and Philosophy; Movements of Religious Thought_.

Van Dyke, H., _The Gospel for an Age of Doubt; The Gospel for a World of Sin_.

Vivian, Philip, _The Churches and Modern Thought_.

Voysey, C., _Religion for All Mankind_.

Wace, H., _Christianity and Morality_.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, _Man's Place in the Universe_.

Warschauer, J., _The New Evangel; Jesus: Seven Questions; Anti-Nunquam; Jesus or Christ?_

Watkinson, W. L., _Influence of Scepticism on Character_.

Weinel, H., _Jesus im Nevmzehnten Jahrhundert_.

Welsh, R. E., _In Relief of Doubt_.

Wells, H. G., _First and Last Things, A Confession of Faith and Rule of Life_.

Wilson, J. M., _Problems of Religion and Science_.

Wimmer, R., _My Struggle for Light_.

Wordsworth, John, Bishop, _The One Religion_.

Young, John, _The Christ of History_.

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INDEX

Abbott, Edwin A., 117.

Alexander, Archbishop, 256.

Amiel, H. F., 55.

Anthropomorphism, 65, 68, 82.

Arnold, Matthew, 208.

'Back to Christ,' 212.

Balfour, A. J., 244.

Bartlett, R. E., 161.

Besant, Mrs., 197.

Blatchford, Robert, 7, 20, 221.

Browning, Robert, 65, 200.

Buchanan, Robert, 253.

Butler, Bishop, 10, 139.

Caird, Principal, 112.

Calendar, Positivist, 108.

_Caliban upon Setebos_, 65.

Carey, Vivian, 6, 26.

Chesterton, G. K., 113.

Christ the only Way, 129, 207.

---- the substance of Christianity, 173.

Christianity, influence of, 24, 28.

---- misrepresentation of, 18, 223.

Christians, inconsistency of, 16, 19, 213, 222, 253.

_Christmas Eve_, 200.

Church, Dean, 9.

Clifford, W. K., 103.

Cobbe, Frances Power, 144, 149.

Coit, Dr. Stanton, 41.

Comte, Auguste, 103.

Congreve, Richard, 115, 242.

Conway, Moncure D., 8.

Cowper, William, 78.

Criticism, 173.

Deism, 139, 143, 164, 236, 240.

De Vere, Aubrey, 101.

Eliot, George, 56, 208.

Enemies, witness of, 177.

Fenelon, 78.

Fiske, John, 100.

Gilder, R. W., 252.

Gore, Bishop, 136, 236.

Great Being of Positivism, 106, 112, 114.

Haeckel, 71.

Harrison, Frederic, 84, 96, 102, 108, 110, 237, 238.

Hughes, Hugh Price, 223.

Humanity, Christ, the Ideal of, 118.

---- Religion of, 93, 103, 105, 237, 238, 242.

Huntingdon, Bishop, 250.

Immortality, denial of, 54, 60, 254.

Impeachments of Christianity, 12, 249.

Incarnation, 48, 96.

Jefferies, Richard, 73.

Law, William, 78.

Lefevre, A., 188.

Macpherson, Hector, 251.

Man, 93.

Martineau, Harriet, 220.

---- James, 227.

Material Progress, 255, 256.

Matheson, George, 224.

Mediation, 157.

Menzies, P. S., 233, 234.

Mill, John Stuart, 208.

Montaigne, 23.

Morality and Religion, 33, 39, 146, 229, 230.

---- Religion without, 34.

Mozoomdar, P. C., 196.

Myers, F. W. H., 56.

Newman, F. W., 144, 247.

Nietzsche, 220.

Pantheism, 65, 81, 233, 234, 236.

Personality of God, 44, 70, 147, 233.

Picton, J. Allanson, 87.

Pope, Alexander, 78.

Positivism, 93, 103, 211.

Prayer, 43.

Reade, Winwood, 5, 120, 249.

Renan, E., 192.

Roberts, W. Page-, Dean, 112.

Robertson, Frederick William, 118, 228.

Sabatier, A., 158.

Schleiermacher, 77.

Schmiedel, P. W., 184.

Shelley, 13, 98.

Sin, Sense of, 86.

Smith, Goldwin, 226, 255.

Spencer, Herbert, 71.

Spinoza, 76.

Stanley, Dean, 77.

Stephen, Sir J. F., 50, 58, 238.

---- Sir Leslie, 16.

Strauss, D. F., 195.

Swift, Dean, 10, 219.

Tennyson, 60, 79, 212.

'Theism,' 127, 150, 164.

Thomson, James, 78.

Tulloch, John, 246.

Uniqueness of Christ, 199, 252.

Vivian, Philip, 5, 229.

Voltaire, 139, 168.

Voysey, Rev. Charles, 153, 248.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, 100.

Warschauer, J., 159, 203.

Watts, Charles, 7.

Wells, H. G., 189, 254.

Wesley, John, 222.

Wimmer, R., 193.

Woolman, John, 222.

Wordsworth, John, Bishop, 240.

---- William, 79.

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THE CROSS IN MODERN LIFE. Rev. J. G. GREENHOUGH, M.A.

HEROES AND MARTYRS OF FAITH. Prof. A. S. PEAKE, D.D.

A GUIDE TO PREACHERS. Principal A. E. GARVIE, M.A., D.D.

MODERN SUBSTITUTES FOR CHRISTIANITY. Rev. P. McADAM MUIR, D.D.

EPHESIAN STUDIES. Right Rev. H. C. G. MOULE, D.D.

THE UNCHANGING CHRIST. Rev. ALEX MCLAREN, D.D., D.LITT.

THE GOD OF THE AMEN. Rev. ALEX MCLAREN, D.D., D.LITT.

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