Chapter XVII: Appendix

_Page 6._ The story of the French knights who misunderstood the warning shots from Ischia is told in Brantome's Life of Dragut, No. 37 of the "Vies des Hommes Illustres." Concerning Vittoria Colonna there is, of course, a considerable literature. A pleasant and readable account of her life is contained in _A Decade of Italian Women_, by T. A. Trollope (Chapman and Hall, 1859).

_Page 7._ The tale of Gianni di Procida is Novella VI. of the fifth day of the _Decameron_.

_Page 9._ The common tale about the origin of the Sicilian Vespers is that Gianni di Procida, who is sometimes spoken of as having suffered in his own family from the lustful dealings of the French soldiery, and sometimes only as sympathising with the islanders in their intolerable wrongs, went through the island in disguise, beating a drum and capering up to whomsoever he met. If it were a Frenchman, he screamed some mad jest in his ear; if a Sicilian, he whispered some information about the projected rising, which was to take place at the signal of the Vesper bell ringing in Palermo. But for this tale there is no historical authority. Procida had certainly some connection with the revolt; but so far as can be discovered, the actual outbreak was unpremeditated, and the name of the Sicilian Vespers is applied to the massacre by no writer earlier than the latter part of the fifteenth century. The great authority on this subject is of course Amari, _La Guerra del Vespro Siciliano_.

_Page 9._ Virgil the enchanter. See note on p. 55.

_Page 21._ It is impossible to give separate references to all the authorities which I have consulted in writing this chapter. The work which I have found most valuable--incomparably so--is the _Campanien_ of Beloch, which outstrips both in learning and in judgment all works known to me upon the Phlegraean Fields. It may be said, once for all, that with hardly one exception, the best works upon the region of Naples are by Germans. English scholarship does not appear to advantage. If a man will not read German, he may seek information usefully from Breislak, _Topograpia Fisica della Campania_ (Firenze, 1798). Other useful works are:--Phillips, J., _Vesuvius_ (Oxford, 1869); Daubeny, C. G. B., _A Description of Volcanoes_ (London, 1848); Logan Lobley, _Mount Vesuvius_ (London, 1889); to which should be added the "Physical Notices of the Bay of Naples," by Professor Forbes, in Brewster's _Edinburgh Journal of Science_, vol. x. All these works treat of the Phlegraean Fields, as well as of Vesuvius.

_Page 24._ The treatise of Capaccio will be found in the collection of chronicles which bears the name of Graevius, but was, in fact, completed after the death of that great scholar by Peter Burmann. The collection is an honour to Leyden, where it was published full half a century before Muratori commenced his work.

_Page 26._ This gossip about the Grotta del Cane is derived chiefly from a small guide to the locality, published early in the present century.

_Page 37._ Petrarch's account of his visit to the Phlegraean Fields will be found among his Latin verse epistles (_Carm._ lib. ii. epist. 7).

_Page 41._ Upon the theory that Cumae was founded so early as a thousand years before Christ, I translate as follows from Holm (_Geschichte Griechenlands_, vol. i. p. 340), the most recent of authorities, and perhaps the most judicious:--"It is scarcely credible that an organised Greek city existed in these regions in such early times. But it need not be questioned that scattered settlements of Greeks were already established on the Campanian coast a thousand years before Christ; and it cannot be doubted that Cumae is the earliest Greek colony, recognised as such, in the West.... Cumae also became the mother city of Naples, but at what precise date cannot be determined."

_Page 45._ The dyke of Hercules. See Beloch, _Campanien_.

_Page 52._ For the Villa of Vedius Pollio, as well as for all the other antiquities of this region, see Beloch, _Campanien_.

_Page 53._ The story of the Grotta dei Tuoni is one of the interesting pieces of folklore collected by Signor Gaetano Amalfi, to whose unwearied labours I acknowledge gratefully many debts. It was published in the periodical called _Napoli Nobilissima_ in 1895.

_Page 55._ For the stories of the enchanter Virgil, see Comparetti, _Virgilio nel Mediaevo_. The tale of the plundering of Virgil's tomb in the reign of Roger of Sicily is taken from the same work, where it is told on the authority of Gervasius of Tilbury. It was a widely credited tale, and will be found also in Marin Sanudo, _Vite dei Dogi_, p. 232 of the fine new edition of Muratori, now (1901) being issued under the direction of Giosue Carducci, an enterprise which is remarkable both for scholarship and beauty, and deserves the more praise since it emanates from no great city, but from the printing house of Scipione Lapi at Citta di Castello, on the upper valley of the Tiber.

_Page 65._ The traditions of Queen Joanna are well set out by Signor Amalfi in _La Regina Giovanna nella Tradizione_ (Naples, 1892), a little work which, though no other exists upon the subject, the British Museum disdains to purchase. Mr. Nutt procured me a copy, though with some difficulty. The book is not as complete as it might be; it contains, for example, no reference to the traditions of the Queen at Amalfi.

_Page 71._ For Alfonso of Aragon, see Guicciardini, _Istoria d'Italia_, lib. i. cap. 4. Most of my history is taken from this writer.

_Page 72._ For an account of San Lionardo, as well as for the subsequent tale of the Torretta, see _Napoli Nobilissima_ (1892).

_Page 81._ Niccolo Pesce. See _Nap. Nob._ (1896). Schiller's ballad, "Der Taucher," will of course be found in any collection of his works.

_Page 88._ The best book on the Hohenstaufen is Von Raeumer, _Geschichte der Hohenstaufen_, a very fine and interesting work. Frederick loved more than Arab art, unless history is unjust. Amari speaks of him and his grandfather, King Roger, as "i due Sultani battezzati di Sicilia."

_Page 97._ Upon the vexed question where Palaeopolis stood, or if it stood anywhere at all, Beloch seems a little wilful, arguing stoutly that there never was such a city. "But," says Mr. Hodgkin, "in the face of Livy's clear statement (viii. 22) as to the situation of the two cities, and the record in the Triumphal Fasti of the victory of Publilius over the 'Samnites Palaeopolitanei,' this seems too bold a stroke of historical scepticism" (_Italy and Her Invaders_, vol. iv. p. 53).

_Page 108 et seq._ See Camillo Porzio, _La Congiura de' Baroni_.

_Page 121._ Upon the churches of Naples there are two works which surpass all others--namely, _Documenti per la storia, le arti e le industrie_, by Prince Gaetano Filangieri, a monument of vast learning; and _Denkmaeler der Kunst des Mittelalters in Unter Italien_, by H. W. Schulz, whose work forms the basis of almost every guide-book published on southern Italy.

_Page 123._ This tale of the graceless Duke of Calabria is in Giannone, _Storia di Napoli_, lib. xxii. _ad init._

_Page 126._ Those who desire more information on the everyday life of Naples will do well to seek it in Kellner's work, _Alltaegliches aus Neapel_, the tenth volume of the well-known series, "Kennst du das Land," which is sold everywhere in Italy.

_Page 137._ The account of this storm is in book v. epist. 5, of Petrarch's letters. The storm may, or may not, be the one which destroyed Amalfi. I know of no evidence pointing either way, save the improbability that two tempests should have wrought such devastation.

_Page 140._ Fucini's work is called _Napoli a Occhio Nudo_.

_Page 141._ Any history of Naples will give the facts of the struggle between Frederick the Second and Innocent. See especially von Raeumer or Giannone.

_Page 143._ La Colonna della Vicaria. Signor Amalfi quotes from Voltero, _Dizionario filosofico_, _s.v._ "Banqueroute," the following passage:--"Le negociant _fallito_ pouvait dans certaines villes d'Italie garder tous ses biens et frustrer ses creanciers, pourvu qu'il s'assit le derriere nu sur une pierre en presence de tous les marchands. C'etait une derivation douce de l'ancien proverbe romain, _Solvere aut in aere, aut in cute_, payer de son argent ou de sa peau" (_Tradizioni ed usi_, p. 123).

_Page 146._ The facts about the descent of the Turks upon Otranto in 1480 will be found stated briefly in all the histories. But they are sufficiently curious to make it worth while to consult the admirable and detailed report made to Ludovic Sforza, Il Moro, by the commissary who served him in his capacity as Duke of Bari. As ruler of the chief Apulian coast town, Il Moro was of course painfully anxious for exact information about the proceedings of the Turks. The report will be found in volume vi. of the _Archivio Storico_, published by the "Societa di Storia Patria," of Naples.

_Page 150 et seq._ The story of Conradin's expedition and death is told best in von Raeumer, _Geschichte der Hohenstaufen_. It will be found also in Amari, _La Guerra del Vespro_. The two historians report the circumstances of Conradin's death with some differences of detail, having relied on different chronicles. The variations are not essential.

_Page 158._ Details concerning the examination of Conradin's tomb will be found in Filangieri, _op. cit._

_Page 161._ For the story of Mas'aniello's revolt I have followed Sign. Gabriele Tontoli, _Il Masaniello, overo Discorsi Narrativi, La Sollevatione di Napoli_, printed at Naples in 1648. I selected this work (1) because it is rare; (2) because it is full of detail; (3) because it is the narrative of an eye-witness.

_Page 178._ The literature of Vesuvius is immense. As general references, I can only indicate again the works named in the note on page 21.

_Page 182._ Braccini's narrative was published at Naples in 1632 under the title _Dell'Incendio fattosi nel Vesuvio_.

_Page 190._ Palmieri's account has been translated. _The Eruption of Vesuvius in 1872_ (London, 1873).

_Page 196._ Herculaneum. Once more it is well to refer to Beloch, _Campanien_.

_Page 201 et seq._ The work of Signori Comparetti and de Petra was published at Turin in 1883, under the title _La Villa Ercolanense dei Pisoni_. It is one of those monuments of patient, well-directed learning and research which fill one with high hopes for the future of Italian scholarship. I presume the British Museum acquired its copy shortly after publication. I may add that I cut its pages in July, 1900--a fact that says worlds about British scholarship.

_Page 209._ The translation of Mau's _Pompeii, its Life and Art_, was published at New York in 1899.

_Page 217._ The only works worth mentioning about the pictures at Pompeii are those of Helbig, _Untersuchungen ueber die Campanische Wandmalerei_ (Leipzig, 1873), and his earlier _Wandgemaelde_ (Leipzig, 1868). A summary of Helbig's conclusions will be found in _Promenades Archeologiques_, by Gaston Boissier (Paris, 1895).

_Page 223._ On Stabiae a work comparable only to that cited above on Piso's villa has been written by Signor Michele Ruggiero, _Degli Scavi di Stabia_ (Naples, 1881).

In connection with the Roman country life, I might have mentioned the recent excavations at Bosco-reale, where the villas were doubtless similar to those upon Varano. The first discoveries on that spot are set down by the superstitious peasants to the credit of a priest, who is said to have indicated a place where treasure would be found by digging. The real fact is that about the year 1868 a small proprietor named Pulzella discovered, while hoeing his field, the entrance to a buried chamber. He enlarged the aperture, and found a second room; but could not penetrate further without entering a neighbouring property, which belonged to Signor de Prisco. Of this discovery he said nothing for twenty years. In 1888 the ground passed into the possession of the de Prisco family, who, learning what had occurred, continued the excavation, found in 1894 all the apartments of a bath, and in one of them a great treasure of money and silver plate of exquisite workmanship, which was bought by Baron Rothschild and presented to the Louvre. A full account of the villa then unearthed is given by August Mau.

Six years passed, and recently the excavations have been resumed. A larger villa has been unearthed, near the former one. No treasure was found in it, nor any portable articles. Possibly the owners had been able to return and recover their property, or more probably they had fled on earlier warning. But the interest of this new house lies in its frescoes, which are of great beauty, both architectural and figure pieces. There can be no doubt that we are on the verge of a great expansion of our knowledge of Roman life; and it is to be hoped that the works at Bosco-reale will be vigorously pushed and carefully supervised.

An interesting account of the discoveries, with illustrations, will be found in the Italian magazine _Emporium_ for December, 1900.

_Page 229._ Trade routes in the Sorrento peninsula. I cannot discover that anyone has written with scholarship on this most interesting subject. There is none more important to a clear comprehension of history, nor any more generally neglected.

_Page 230._ Santa Maria Maggiore. Gsell-Fels gives a good account of this remarkable church, based on that of Schulz.

_Page 231._ Catacombs at Castellammare. I regret that the passage in Schulz, _Denkmaeler der Kunst des Mittelalters in Unter Italien_, vol. ii. p. 224, referring to these catacombs, did not come under my notice in time to admit of my making a personal examination of them. They appear to be so completely forgotten that several well-informed persons to whom I applied denied their existence. They do exist, however, upon the road to La Cava. I cannot indicate the spot exactly, nor does Schulz do so. I translate from him as follows:--"To the largest grotto one goes by a broad passage hewn in the rock, in whose sides are squared niches, apparently designed for flasks, lamps, inscriptions or children's coffins. The uncertain line between ancient and modern alterations makes decision difficult. Then one goes through a sort of rock gateway of more modern construction.... In the background of the grotto, which has five niches on either of its longer sides, there are more graves under a vault. The greater number of the pictures are on the left as one enters. In the first recess stands a woman's figure in the Norman-Greek style of painting, badly damaged. Near her is a smaller figure of a saint holding a book. Higher up, in a disc set with white pearls, hovers the figure of Christ with a nimbus; and by it are other circles, with busts of angels. Over the upper one is written 'RAFA' (Raphael), above another 'MICAH, SCS VRVS' (?). The painting is in the ancient style with black, white, and red--that peculiar dark brown-red of early Christian pictures, as in the lower church at Assisi, the catacombs of Syracuse and Naples, etc.... The inscriptions, mostly white on a green ground, are in characters of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, or yet later times," etc., etc.

I cannot too emphatically express my sense of the great value of Schulz' work. Much is changed since 1860, when he wrote; yet still his survey must be the starting-point for every other writer.

_Page 236._ La Madonna di Pozzano. I take this legend from _Storia dell'Immagine di S. Maria di Pozzano_, written by Padre Serafino de Ruggieri. It was published at Valle di Pompeii in 1893.

_Page 237._ The facts about the Iconoclasts will be found in any Church history; _e.g._ Milman, _Hist. of Latin Christianity_, bk. iv. chap. 7.

_Page 238._ My chief authority for the stories of madonnas in this chapter and the next is Signor Gaetano Amalfi, whose invaluable work, _Tradizioni ed Usi nella Penisola Sorrentina_, forms volume viii. of the "Curiosita Popolari Tradizioniali," published by Signor Pitre at Palermo. Those who are acquainted with the bookshops in Naples will not be surprised to hear that I searched them vainly for a copy of this work, great as its interest should be for all visitors to the city. The book is largely written in the local dialects, and would be of little use to those who cannot read them.

_Page 241._ The old road from Castellammare towards Sorrento. Breislak, who wrote so recently as in 1800, says, "Le chemin est le plus mauvais possible, et ne peut se faire avec surete qu'a pied."

_Page 245._ Quaresima. I refer once more to Signor Amalfi, _op. cit._

_Page 255._ These various scraps of folklore are from the same work, as are also the legends in this chapter.

_Page 260._ For the tufa of Sorrento, see Breislak, _Voyages physiques_.

_Page 270._ On the archaeology of Sorrento the best work known to me is that of Beloch, _Campanien_.

_Page 273._ Not much has been written well on Capri. _Storia dell'Isola di Capri_, by Mons. A. Canale, is sold throughout the town, but has little value. _Die Insel Capri_, by Ferdinand Gregorovius, is a book of great beauty and merit; the reputation of Gregorovius stands in no need of praise. Kopisch' narrative, _Die Entdeckung der blauen Grotte_, is volume 2,907 of Reclam's "Universal Bibliothek."

_Page 301._ It is much to be desired that some German or Italian scholar--I fear none other would have the necessary patience--might undertake to elucidate the history of that collection of communes which passed by the name of Amalfi. Two histories exist--a modern one by Camera, an ancient one by Pansa. Both comprise interesting facts, but neither attempts to solve the puzzles which beset the traveller on every side. Nor will it be of any use for other writers to attempt solutions without long study; yet for one who might be willing to bestow the labour, there will certainly be reserved a rich reward of fame. Probably there is scarce any spot where thorough investigation might teach us so much of the tangled yet splendid history of Italy in the Middle Ages.

_Page 305._ The Knights Hospitallers of St. John were settled at Cyprus for a time after their expulsion from Acre; but were not long contented to remain vassals of the king of that island, and accordingly obtained the Pope's permission to turn their arms against the Greek Empire, from which they took Rhodes on 15th August, 1310. Finlay, _History of Greece_, vol. iii. p. 410.

_Page 306._ No one need concern himself with the works of Volpicella. They belong to the bad period of archaeology, when sentiment overcame both reason and sense. Schulz remains the safe and trusty guide; it being remembered always that changes have occurred since he wrote.

_Page 311._ The bronze doors at Amalfi and Ravello. Schulz remains the chief authority on this very interesting subject; but there is a good article on the subject in Lenormant, _A travers l'Apulie et la Lucanie_, under the heading "Monte Sant'Angelo."

_Page 312._ Monte Gargano, one of the most picturesque and interesting spots in Italy. There was a shrine for pagan pilgrims on this mountain in Strabo's time. He describes the crowd who came to consult the demi-god in his cavern, and lay sleeping in the open air around the cave, resting on skins of the black sheep they had slaughtered. In due course the heathen demi-god was replaced by a miraculous apparition of the archangel Michael, and Christian pilgrims came in crowds. It was the common process. The priests recognised a tradition of pilgrimage which they could not check, and legalised it by a Christian legend. See Lenormant, _A travers l'Apulie et la Lucanie_ (Paris, 1883).

_Page 330._ Vietri is of great age. Strabo, quoted by Camera, indicates it under the name Marcinna as the only city between the rocks of the Sirens and Paestum. Possibly he looked on Salerno and Vietri as one.

_Page 331._ The facts about pilgrims are from Ducange, _s.v._ "Peregrinatio," and Muratori, Dissertation 37.

_Page 338._ The best account of Paestum known to me is in Lenormant, _op. cit._

INDEX

A

Agnano, Lake, 26, 78

Agrippina, Empress, her murder, 45 _et seq._

Alcala, Duke of, 77

Alfonso of Aragon, first king of that name, 104, 160;
second king of that name, 70, 72, 107 _et seq._, 130, 146

Amalfi, 58;
its trade, 229, 295, 297, 299 _et seq._

Anacapri, 282, 284, 288, 289, 298

Angelo, Monte Sant', 6, 181, 232, 256, 285, 297

Anicetus, 46, 47

Anjou, Charles, King. See "Charles"

Anjou, House of, 8, 70, 91, 103

Anna, Palazzo di Donna, 54, 65

Aragon, House of, 8, 16, 86, 91, 97, 108, 122, 130

Arco Naturale, 296, 297

Arcos, Duke of, 162 _et seq._

Augustus, Emperor, 57, 292

Avernus, Lake of, 37, 38, 43

B

Baiae, 23, 40, 43, 44, 217

Barbaro, Monte, its legend, 37

Barbarossa, Corsair, 6, 145, 274, 287, 288, 308

Bauli, 46

Beloch quoted, 346 (App.), 353 (App.)

Bembo, Pietro, epitaph on Sannazzaro, 75

Bisignano, Prince of, 110, 111;
Princess of, her escape, 110

Blue Grotto, 275 _et seq._

Boccaccio, 5, 7, 112, 123, 124, 134, 233, 235, 317

Bolgaro, Restituta, 7

Bosco Reale, 179, 187, 350 (App.)

Braccini, Abate, 182, 184 _et seq._, 350 (App.)

Brantome quoted, 8, 160

Breislak quoted, 346 (App.), 353 (App.)

C

Calabria, Duke of, 123, 348 (App.);
Alfonso, Duke of. See "Alfonso of Aragon."

Camorra, The, 119, 145

Campagna Felice, 12, 18, 181, 286

Campana, Monte, 37

Campanella, Punta di, 6, 77, 264

Cane, Grotta del, 26-8, 346 (App.)

Capaccio quoted, 24, 61, 346 (App.)

Cappuccini Convent, Hotel, 307 _et seq._

Capri, 5, 18, 68, 273 _et seq._

Capuana, Porta, 57, 145, 146, 220

Capuano, Cardinal, 307

Capuano, Castel, 66, 101, 143, 145

Caraccioli, Francesco, 76

Carmine, Church of, 13, 112, 116, 156, 158, 160, 170 _et seq._

Carmine, Madonna del, 158

Casamicciola, 5, 38, 183

Castellammare, 6, 81, 126, 179, 220, 226 _et seq._;
its catacombs, 231, 295, 352 (App.)

Castles. See "Elmo," "Nuovo," "Uovo," etc.

Charles of Anjou, King, 89, 90, 94, 97, 112, 124, 152

Chiaia, Riviera di, 10, 68, 69, 78

Churches: Carmine, see above;
Cathedral, 140 _et seq._;
Gesu Nuovo, 108, 121;
Santa Caterina a Formello, 147;
Santa Chiara, 123-5, 135;
San Domenico Maggiore, 128, 129;
San Lionardo, 10, 72-4, 79, 105, 110, 111, 168;
San Lorenzo, 135, 136, 138, 162

Cigliano, Monte, 37

Colonna, Vittoria, 6, 131, 345 (App.)

Conca, Ravine of, its legend, 257 _et seq._

Conca, Capo di, 304, 329

Conradin, 89, 90, 126, 150-8, 161, 349 (App.)

Coppola, Monte, 232, 249;
family of, 109

Cumae, 41, 45, 97, 215, 346 (App.)

D

Damecuta, Tower of, 275, 276, 280, 282

Decuman ways in Naples, 117, 118

Deserto, The, 262 _et seq._

Dragut, Corsair, 6, 77, 274, 287, 345 (App.)

E

Elmo, St., Castle, 10, 16, 17, 62, 97

Epomeo, Monte di, 5, 59, 183, 250

F

Faito, Monte, 6, 249, 251

Ferdinand First of Aragon, King, 71, 72, 105, 107-11;
the Second, 98

Fiammetta (Princess Marie of Anjou), 5, 134, 135, 235

Filamarino, Cardinal Ascanio, 167 _et seq._

Fiorelli, director of excavations at Pompeii, 212

Folklore. See "Galli," "Giovanna," "Madonnas," "Nicolo Pesce,"
"Rufolo," "Sorrento," "Vico," "Virgil," etc.

Fra Diavolo, bandit, 242 _et seq._

Frangipani betrays Conradin, 155

Frederick the Second, Emperor, 88, 89;
his struggle with the Papacy, 141, 142, 348 (App.)

Frederick of Baden, comrade of Conradin, 154, 156, 157

Fucini, Renato, quoted, 140, 349 (App.)

G

Galli, I, Legend of, 333

Gargano, Monte, 88, 312, 354 (App.)

Garibaldi, 127

Gennaro, San, 13, 57;
his miracle, 140, 185, 188

Gioja, Flavio, 302

Giotto, 5, his residence in Naples, 124, 125

Giovanna, Queen, Traditions of, 65-7, 90, 148, 313, 347 (App.)

Gregorovius, F., 353 (App.)

Grillo, Monte, 37

Guicciardini quoted, 70, 98, 100

H

Helena, Queen, wife of Manfred, 90, 94, 95

Herculaneum, 178, 183, 185;
how discovered, 196;
amphitheatre, 197;
how destroyed, 199;
how searched, 200;
Piso's villa, 201 _et seq._;
the library, 204;
new excavations, 207

Hodgkin, T., quoted, 221, 348 (App.)

I

Iconoclasts, The, 237

Ischia, 1, 5, 6, 8, 50, 53, 59, 81, 99, 176, 183, 286

K

Kopisch, August, discoverer of Blue Grotto, 275 _et seq._

L

La Cava, Valley of, 230;
Abbey, 330

Lakes: Agnano, 26, 78;
Avernus, 37, 38, 43;
Lucrine, 45, 47

Leopardi, Giacomo, 25

Lionardo d'Oria, 73

Lionardo, San, 10, 72-4, 79, 105, 110, 111, 348 (App.)

Loria, Roger di, Admiral, 7, 286

Lucia, Santa, 54, 93, 101-3

Lucrine, Lake, 45, 47

Luigi, San, Church of, 166

M

Machiavelli quoted, 108, 109

Maddaloni, Duke of, 170

Maddaloni Palace, 117

Madonnas, Legends of: della Carmine (La Bruna), 159, 163;
di Casarlano, 238;
delle Galline, 239;
di Meta, 254;
di Positano, 303;
di Pozzano, 236;
di Sorrento, carried in procession, 270;
di Villanto, 253;
authority, 353 (App.)

Majori, 229, 301, 306, 327, 328

Mammone, bandit, 244

Manfred, King, 89, 94, 95, 104, 124, 150

Marcellus, 57

Martino, San, 16, 116

Mas'aniello, 115, 116, 120, 164 _et seq._, 350 (App.)

Mercato of Naples, 122, 149, 157, 161, 163 _et seq._, 220

Mergellina, 76, 79

Minori, 229, 301, 306, 328

Mirichicchiu, Apparition of, 266

Misenum, 29, 40, 44, 45, 48, 49, 185, 199, 286

Monforte, Count, 233

Munaciello, 'O, Apparition of, 252

N

Nero, Emperor, 45, 46

Nisida, Island of, 50, 52, 53, 79

Nocera, 95;
dominates trade route, 229, 230

Nuovo, Castel, 11, 16, 17, 20, 74;
its age, 97, 98;
described, 104;
vault of, 106;
cruelties wrought there, 108, etc.

Nuovo, Monte, 40

O

Otranto, Martyrs of, 146-8, 349 (App).

P

Paderni, C., report on Herculaneum, 201 _et seq._

Padulano, The, 126

Paestum, 215, 251, 299, 302, 337 _et seq._

Pagano, host at Capri, 275 _et seq._

Palaeopolis, 97, 348 (App.)

Palermo, 7

Palmieri, of Vesuvius Observatory, 190, 194

Pantaleoni, Family of, 311

Parthenope, 2, 4

Pesce, Nicolo, Legends of, 81, 348 (App.)

Petrarch visits Phlegraean Fields, 37, 346 (App.);
56, 124;
at San Lorenzo, 134, 205

Petronius quoted, 218

Philodemus, his library at Herculaneum, 205 _et seq._

Phlegraean Fields, 9, 23, 37;
authorities on, 346 (App.)

Piedigrotta, 25

Piso, his villa at Herculaneum, 201 _et seq._, 350 (App.)

Pizzofalcone, 10, 92, 93, 97, 99, 101

Pliny quoted, 44, 199, 200, 218

Pompeii, 13, 44;
its plan, 133, 178, 179, 183, 197, 199;
general aspect, 210;
houses, 213-7;
pictures, 217-20;
authorities, 350 (App.)

Portici, 195

Poseidon, Temple of, 342

Posilipo, 9, 19;
how formed, 22;
its caverns, 24, 53, 60;
described, 49 _et seq._, 199

Pozzano, Convent and Madonna of, 236-8, 352 (App.)

Pozzuoli, 3, 24, 29;
its trade and fall, 32, 33;
Serapeon, 34;
Greek origin, 41, 62

Prajano, 301, 303

Procida, Gianni, 7, 8;
Giovanni, 9, 345 (App.)

Q

Quaresima, Figure of, 245

R

Ravello, 229, 301, 312 _et seq._

Resina, 186, 194, 197, 209

Robert, King, 122, 123, 126, 135, 137

Rufolo, Landolfo, Tale of, 314

Rufolo, Palazzo, 322

Ruggiero, work on Stabiae, 223, 350 (App.)

S

Salerno, City, 58, 229, 251, 299, 300, 332 _et seq._

Salerno, Prince of, his escape, 109, 121, 122

Salto di Tiberio, 273, 292, 293

Sannazzaro, 75, 76, 79

San Severino, family of, 108, 121

Sarno, River, 221

Scala, 319

Scarpi, bandit, 242 _et seq._

Schulz, H. W., quoted, 231, 348, 352

Sejanus, Grotto of, 50

Serapis, Temple of, 34, 35

Severo, San, Chapel of, 132

Sicilian Vespers, 8, 9, 90, 95

Sicily, 7, 8;
how it floats on the sea, 83

Sirens, The, 4, 269, 299

Solaro, Monte, 274, 284, 285, 289, 298

Solfatara, The, 29, 32, 36

Somma, Monte, 37, 178 _et seq._, 286

Sorrento, 5, 22, 229, 251 _et seq._;
its folklore, 266, 267;
Good Friday procession, 270

Stabiae, 223 _et seq._, 230, 350 (App.)

St. John, Knights of, 305, 354 (App.)

Strabo quoted, 181, 355 (App.)

Struscio, Lu, 113

Styx, 29

T

Tiberius, Emperor, 279, 283, 291;
Villa of, 290

Toledo (Via Roma), 18, 113, 115, 116, 165

Tontoli, don Gabriele, quoted, 167 _et seq._

Torre dell'Annunziata, 21, 184, 187, 209

Torre del Greco, 21, 183-5, 187, 188, 209

Torretta, la, 77, 79

Tribunali, Strada di, 101, 117, 131, 133, 149, 168, 209

Tuoni, Grotta dei, legend of, 53

U

Uberti, Messer Neri degli, Tale of, 233 _et seq._

Ulysses, 4

Uovo, Castel dell', 10, 17, 61, 62, 64, 69;
its caverns, 82;
its name, 96;
besieged, 99, 125, 166

V

Vasto, Marchesa del, 78

Vesuvius, 12, 18, 21, 22, 30, 37;
held in check by Virgil, 56;
by San Gennaro, 13, 57, 68, 185, 188;
how formed, 178-81;
Eruptions of, 79 A.D., 44;
1631, 182 _et seq._;
1707, 57;
1767, 189;
1861, 189;
1872, 190 _et seq._;
authorities on, 346 (App.)

Via Roma (see Toledo)

Vicaria, La, 143, 349 (App.)

Vico Equense, 81, 228, 253 _et seq._

Vietri, 330, 355 (App.)

Virgil, 5, 9;
founder of Castel dell'Uovo, 10;
his enchantments, 56-9;
legend of his tomb, 62, 347 (App.)

Virgilio, Scoglio di, 55

Vittoria, Piazza di, 85

Volpicella quoted, 306, 354 (App.)

PLYMOUTH
WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD.
PRINTERS

End of Project Gutenberg's Naples Past and Present, by Arthur H. Norway