Chapter III: Part 3

The percentage of cowbird eggs hatched in relation to the number laid is relatively low. For instance, Mumford (1952:231) has only one record of a young cowbird successfully raised by a Bell Vireo. The data available in Bent (1950:260-261) also indicate that the percentage of cowbird eggs hatched is small. The Bell Vireo is less tolerant of cowbird parasitism than are many of the species so victimized, but is not so intolerant as the Robin, Catbird, and the Yellow-breasted Chat (Friedmann, 1929:193).

SUMMARY

1. The behavior of a small population of Bell Vireos was studied in the spring and summer of 1959 and again in 1960 in Douglas County, Kansas, and results are compared with previous studies elsewhere.

2. The Bell Vireo sings more often daily and throughout the nesting season than do the majority of its avian nesting associates. Six types of vocalizations are readily distinguishable in the field: primary song, courtship song, distress call, alarm note, specialized male call note or _zip_, and the generalized call note or _chee_.

3. Territories are established in early May and occupied throughout the breeding season and post-breeding season. The average size of the territories in 1960 was 1.25 acres. Shifting of territorial boundaries occasionally occurs after nesting attempts.

4. Territory is maintained primarily by song, but at least five aggressive displays are manifest in the early phases of territorial establishment. These include: (a) vocal threat, (b) head-forward threat, (c) wing-flicking and sub-maximal tail-fanning, (d) ruffling and maximum tail-fanning, and (e) supplanting attack.

5. The precise mechanism of pair-formation in the Bell Vireo is not known. Early courtship activities are characteristically violent affairs. Absence of sexual dimorphism suggests that behavioral criteria are used by the birds in sex-recognition; the male is dominant and the female is subordinate.

6. The principal displays associated with courtship include: greeting ceremonies, "pouncing," "leap-flutter," pre- and post-copulatory displays, and the posture, copulation. The marked similarity between elements of courtship display and aggressive display suggests common origin or the derivation of one from the other.

7. The nest-site probably is selected by the female. Nests are suspended from lateral or terminal forks about 2 feet 3 inches high in small trees and shrubs averaging 11 feet 2 inches in height.

8. Nestbuilding is intimately associated with courtship and is a responsibility of both sexes. The male builds the suspension apparatus and the female constructs and lines the bag. Both sexes participate in adorning the exterior. Construction lasts from four and one-half to five days.

9. The nest is compact, pendant, and composed of strips of bark and strands of grasses that are interwoven and tightly bound with animal silk. Nests built in May are bulkier than those constructed later in the season.

10. Egglaying begins on the first or second day after the nest is completed. The eggs are deposited early in the morning. The average clutch-size of the Bell Vireo in Kansas is 3.39 eggs.

11. Both sexes sit on the eggs, but only the female truly incubates because the male lacks a brood patch. Incubation lasts fourteen days.

12. The Bell Vireo is double-brooded in "good" years.

13. Nesting failure resulted from severe weather, predation, parasitism by cowbirds, and human interference. Behavior that contributes to nesting failure is selection of an unfavorable nest-site, singing on and near the nest, and the tendency to flush from the nest in view of potential enemies.

LITERATURE CITED

AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION

1957. Check-list of North American birds. Fifth ed. Baltimore,
The Lord Baltimore Press, The American Ornithologists'
Union, iv + 691 pp.

ANDREW, R. J.

1956. Intention movements of flight in certain passerines, and
their use in systematics. Behaviour, 10:79-204.

BAILEY, R. E.

1952. The incubation patch of passerine birds. Condor,
54:121-136.

BENNETT, W. W.

1917. Bell's Vireo studies (Vireo bellii Aud.). Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci., 24:285-293.

BENT, A. C.

1950. Life histories of North American wagtails, shrikes,
vireos and their allies. Smithsonian Inst., U. S. Nat.
Mus. Bull., 197:vii + 411 pp., 48 pls.

BUNKER, C. D.

1910. Habits of the Black-capt Vireo (Vireo atricapillus).
Condor, 12:70-73.

CHAPIN, E. A.

1925. Food habits of the vireos; a family of insectivorous
birds. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull., 1355:1-44.

COMMON, M. A.

1934. Notes on a Red-eyed Vireo's nest. Auk, 51:241-242.

COOKE, W. W.

1909. The migration of vireos. Bird Lore, 11:78-82, 118-120,
165-168.

FITCH, H. S.

1958. Home ranges, territories and seasonal movements of
vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. Univ.
of Kansas Publ. Mus. of Nat. Hist., 11:3:63-326.

FRIEDMANN, H.

1929. The Cowbirds. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois,
xviii + 421 pp.

GOSS, N. S.

1891. History of the birds of Kansas. Topeka, Geo. W. Crane &
Co. Printers and Binders. 692 pp.

GRABER, R. R.

1955. Artificial incubation of some non-galliform eggs. Wilson
Bull., 67:100-109.

HAMILTON, T. H.

1958. Adaptive variation in the genus Vireo. Wilson Bull.,
70:307-346.

HAUSER, D. C.

1957. Some observations on sun-bathing in birds. Wilson Bull.,
69:78-90.

1959. Notes on pairing and nestbuilding of mismatched vireos.
Wilson Bull., 71:383-384.

HENSLEY, MAX

1950. Notes on the breeding behavior of the Bell's Vireo. Auk,
67:243-244.

HINDE, R. A.

1952. The behaviour of the Great Tit (Parus major) and some
other related species. Leiden: E. J. Brill, x + 201 pp.

1956. The biological significance of the territories of birds,
Ibis, 98:340-369.

HINDE, R. A., and TINBERGEN, N.

1958. The comparative study of species-specific behavior. In
Behavior and Evolution (Yale University Press, New Haven),
pp. 251-268.

KLUIJVER, H. N.

1951. The population ecology of the great tit, Parus m. major
L. Ardea, 39:1-135.

LACK, D.

1947. The significance of clutch-size. Ibis, 89:302-352.

LAWRENCE, L. DE K.

1953. Nesting life and behavior of the Red-eyed Vireo. Can.
Field-Nat., 67:46-77.

LEWIS, H. F.

1921. A nesting of the Philadelphia Vireo. Auk, 38:26-44,
185-202.

LINSDALE, J. M.

1928. Birds of a limited area in eastern Kansas. The Univ. of
Kansas, Sci. Bull., 18:11:517-626.

LLOYD, W.

1887. Birds of Tom Green and Concho Counties, Texas. Auk,
4:181-193, 289-299.

MORRIS, D.

1956. The feather postures of birds and the problem of the
origin of social signs. Behaviour, 9:75-113.

MOYNIHAN, M.

1955. Types of hostile display. Auk, 72:247-259.

MUMFORD, R. E.

1952. Bell's Vireo in Indiana. Wilson Bull., 64:224-233.

NICE, M. M.

1929. The fortunes of a pair of Bell Vireos. Condor, 31:13-20.

1943. Studies in the life history of the song sparrow. II. The
behavior of the song sparrow and other passerines. Trans.
Linn. Soc. N.Y., 6:328 pp.

1954. Problems of incubation periods in North American birds.
Condor, 56:173-197.

NOLAN, V.

1960. Breeding behavior of the Bell Vireo in southern Indiana.
Condor, 62:225-244.

PITELKA, F. A.

1959. Numbers, breeding schedule, and territoriality in
Pectoral Sandpipers of northern Alaska. Condor,
61:223-264.

PITELKA, F. A., and KOESTNER, E. J.

1942. Breeding behavior of Bell's Vireo in Illinois. Wilson
Bull., 54:97-106.

RIDGWAY, R.

1889. The ornithology of Illinois. Illinois State Nat. Hist.
Survey, 1: viii + 520 pp.

1904. The birds of North and Middle America. U.S. Nat. Mus.
Bull., 50, pt. 3; xx + 801 pp.

SKUTCH, A. F.

1957. The incubation patterns of birds. Ibis, 99:69-93.

SOUTHERN, W. E.

1958. Nesting of the Red-eyed Vireo in the Douglas Lake
Region, Michigan. The Jack-Pine Warbler, 36:105-130,
185-207.

SUTTON, G. M.

1949. Studies of the nesting birds of the Edwin S. George
Reserve. Part 1. The Vireos. Misc. Pub. Univ. Michigan
Mus. Zool., 74:5-36.

TOWNSEND, C. W.

1920. Supplement to the birds of Essex County, Massachusetts.
Mem. Nuttall Orn. Club, No. 5:196 pp.

TYLER, W. M.

1912. A vireo courtship. Bird Lore, 14:229-230.

VAN TYNE, J., and BERGER, A. J.

1959. Fundamentals of ornithology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
New York. xi + 624 pp.

WETHERBEE, D. K.

1957. Natal plumages and downy pteryloses of passerine
birds of North America. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
113:5:339-436.

_Transmitted November 8, 1961._

29-1506

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library, which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History, which meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.

* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's
supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers
published to date, in this series, are as follows:

Vol. 1.

Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.

*Vol. 2.

(Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp.
1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.

Vol. 3.

*1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and
distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures in
text. June 12, 1951.

*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds.
By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. June
29, 1951.

3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale
Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October 10,
1951.

4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H.
Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures in
text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.

Index. Pp. 651-681.

*Vol 4.

(Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41
plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.

Vol. 5.

Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953.

*Vol 6.

(Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. By
Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables.
August 10, 1952.

Vol. 7.

*1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303, 73
figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952.

2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern
Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge. Pp. 305-338,
5 figures in text. August 24, 1953.

3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico. By
Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text. February 15,
1954.

4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Phillip H.
Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables. April 21,
1954.

5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker and
James S. Findley. Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954.

6. Distribution of Some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox Jones,
Jr. Pp. 479-487. April 21, 1954.

7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse, Microtus
montanus, in Wyoming and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp.
489-506, 2 figures in text. July 23, 1954.

8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from southeastern
California and Arizona. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 507-512. July
23, 1954.

9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California. By
Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text, 12 tables.
November 15, 1954.

10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern Mexico.
By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15, 1954.

11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. By E.
Raymond Hall. Pp. 587-590. November 15, 1954.

12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Cratogeomys
castanops, in Coahuila, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell and
Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. March 15, 1955.

13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from northeastern
Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 609-612. April 8, 1955.

14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. By
James S. Findley. Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955.

15. The pigmy woodrat, Neotoma goldmani, its distribution and
systematic position. By Dennis G. Rainey and Rollin H. Baker.
Pp. 619-624. 2 figures in text. June 10, 1955.

Index. Pp. 625-651.

Vol. 8.

Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-675, 1954-1956.

Vol. 9.

1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. Pp.
1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955.

2. Additional records and extension of ranges of mammals from
Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and Richard M.
Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955.

3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern
Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84.
December 10, 1955.

4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus,
in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 85-104, 2 figures in text.
May 10, 1956.

5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp.
105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956.

6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus
Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures in
text. May 19, 1956.

7. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp.
125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956.

8. Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae,
with description of a new subspecies from North China. By J.
Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text, 1 table. August
15, 1956.

9. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney
Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956.

10. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By Howard
J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957.

11. A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from
Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361. January
21, 1957.

12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys
bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387, 7
figures in text. February 21, 1958.

13. New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J.
Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958.

14. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon,
Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, 1958.

15. New subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central America.
By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19, 1958.

16. Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text, May 20, 1959.

17. Distribution, variation, and relationships of the montane
vole, Microtus montanus. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 415-511, 12
figures in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959.

18. Conspecificity of two pocket mice, Perognathus goldmani
and P. artus. By E. Raymond Hall and Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie.
Pp. 513-518, 1 map. January 14, 1960.

19. Records of harvest mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central
America, with description of a new subspecies from Nicaragua.
By Sydney Anderson and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 519-529. January
14, 1960.

20. Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene),
Nuevo Leon, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538, 1 figure
in text. January 14, 1960.

21. Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo
Leon, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure in
text. January 14, 1960.

22. Review of the insectivores of Korea. By J. Knox Jones,
Jr., and David H. Johnson. Pp. 549-578. February 23, 1960.

23. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baiomys.
By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 579-670, 4 plates, 12 figures in
text. June 16, 1960.

Index. Pp. 671-690.

Vol. 10.

1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By Harrison
B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 figures in text,
2 tables. September 12, 1956.

2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A.
maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, 1 figure.
December 20, 1956.

3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural
History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. McGregor.
Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text, 4 tables. December
31, 1956.

4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie vole
(Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 129-161, 8
figures in text, 4 tables. December 19, 1957.

5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By
James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text.
March 12, 1958.

6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By
Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures in
text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958.

7. Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in
Kansas. By Donald W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates, 3 figures
in text. May 4, 1959.

8. Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By
Richard F. Johnston and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585. October
8, 1959.

9. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from
Michoacan, Mexico. By William E. Duellman, Pp. 587-598, 2
figures in text. May 2, 1960.

10. A taxonomic study of the middle American snake, Pituophis
deppei. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate, 1 figure
in text. May 2, 1960.

Index. Pp. 611-626.

Vol. 11.

1. The systematic status of the colubrid snake, Leptodeira
discolor Guenther. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-9, 4 figures.
July 14, 1958.

2. Natural history of the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus
sexlineatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 11-62, 9 figures, 9
tables. September 19, 1958.

3. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of
vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. By Henry S.
Fitch. Pp. 63-326, 6 plates, 24 figures in text, 3 tables.
December 12, 1958.

4. A new snake of the genus Geophis from Chihuahua, Mexico. By
John M. Legler. Pp. 327-334, 2 figures in text. January 28,
1959.

5. A new tortoise, genus Gopherus, from north-central Mexico.
By John M. Legler. Pp. 335-343. April 24, 1959.

6. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties, Kansas. By
Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 345-400, 2 plates, 2 figures in text, 10
tables. May 6, 1959.

7. Fishes of the Big Blue river basin, Kansas. By W. L.
Minckley. Pp. 401-442. 2 plates, 4 figures in text, 5 tables.
May 8, 1959.

8. Birds from Coahuila, Mexico. By Emil K. Urban. Pp. 443-516.
August 1, 1959.

9. Description of a new softshell turtle from the southeastern
United States. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 517-525, 2 plates, 1
figure in text. August 14, 1959.

10. Natural history of the ornate box turtle, Terrapene ornata
ornata Agassiz. By John M. Legler. Pp. 527-669, 16 pls., 29
figures in text. March 7, 1960.

Index Pp. 671-703.

Vol. 12.

1. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis,
Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, 24 figures
in text. July 8, 1959.

2. The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence.
By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text.
July 10, 1959.

3. The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson. Pp.
181-216, 49 figures in text. February 19, 1960.

4. A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian of
Kansas. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou Stewart. Pp.
217-240, 12 figures in text. May 2, 1960.

5. Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow. Pp.
241-296, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1962.

More numbers will appear in volume 12.

Vol. 13.

1. Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae).
By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. June 1, 1960.

2. A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, Mexico. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls.
1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.

3. A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta)
from Coahuila, Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls.
9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.

4. Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp.
85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text. November 30, 1960.

5. Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the
Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and T.
Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text. February 10,
1961.

6. Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon
and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February
10, 1961.

7. Geographic variation in the North American cyprinid fish.
Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. Pp.
323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text. February 10, 1961.

8. Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla;
studies of American hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman.
Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961.

9. Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and
Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon.
Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figs. August 11, 1961.

10. Recent soft-shelled turtles of North America (family
Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24
figures in text. February 16, 1962.

Vol. 14.

1. Neotropical bats from western Mexico. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960.

2. Geographic variation in the harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys
megalotis, on the central Great Plains and in adjacent
regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Morsaloglu. Pp. 9-27, 1
figure in text. July 24, 1961.

3. Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. By Sydney
Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July 24,
1961.

4. A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern
Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1
figure in text. December 29, 1961.

5. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the
named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond Hall and
J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figures in text. December 29,
1961.

6. Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in
Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles A.
Long. Pp. 99-111, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.

7. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii
group in eastern Mexico, with description of a new subspecies.
By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 113-120, 1 figure in text. December 29,
1961.

8. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus
spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp.
121-124. March 7, 1962.

9. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida
yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez.
Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.

More numbers will appear in volume 14.

Vol. 15.

1. The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacan, Mexico. By
William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text.
December 20, 1961.

2. Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. Webb,
J. Knox Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers. Pp. 149-173. January
31, 1962.

3. A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western
Mexico. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text.
March 7, 1962.

More numbers will appear in volume 15.