Chapter II: Naturalism in Pictorial and Glyptic Art
An inquiry into the influence of the study of Nature on Art 28
Egyptian Art 30
Monarchies of Western Asia 32
Ancient Greek and Italian Art 33
Early Christian Art 44
Mediæval Art 47
Eastern Art—Mohammedan 52
Chinese and Japanese Art 54
The Renascence 59
From the Renascence to Modern Times 67
A. Spanish Art 67
B. German Art 68
C. Flemish Art 69
D. English Art 69
E. American Art 78
F. Dutch Art 80
G. French Art 84
H. Sculpture 92
Retrospect 94
CHAPTER III.
PHENOMENA OF SIGHT, AND ART PRINCIPLES DEDUCED THEREFROM.
Introduction and Argument 97
Optic Nerves 97
Le Conte’s Classification of the subject 98
Physical characters of the eye as an optical instrument 98
Direction of Light 102
Intensity of Light 103
Colour 108
Psychological data, and binocular vision 111
Perspective, depth, size, and solidity 112
Art principles deduced from the above data 114
BOOK II.
TECHNIQUE AND PRACTICE.
CHAPTER I.
THE CAMERA AND TRIPOD.
The Camera 125
Choice of a camera; tripod and bags 125
Manipulating the Camera 129
Pin-hole Photography 131
Accidents to the Camera 132
Hand Cameras 132
CHAPTER II.
LENSES.
Optics 134
Dallmeyer’s long-focus rectilinear landscape lens 135
False drawing of photographic lenses 136
Hints on the correct use of the lens 136
Lenses for special purposes 137
Diaphragms or “stops” 138
Physical qualities of Lenses 138
Hints on lenses 140
CHAPTER III.
DARK ROOM AND APPARATUS.
Dark Room 141
A developing rule 141
Ventilation of dark room 141
Apparatus 141
CHAPTER IV.
STUDIO AND FURNITURE.
Studio 144
Studio Furniture 145
Studio effects. A rule for studio lighting 147
CHAPTER V.
FOCUSSING.
How to focalize 148
The ground-glass picture 149
Examples and Illustration in point 150
CHAPTER VI.
EXPOSURE.
Ways of Exposing 154
Rule for Exposing 154
Classification of Exposures 154
A. Quick Exposures 155
B. Time Exposures 155
Exposure Shutters 156
Variation of exposure, and conditions causing them 157
On Exposure Tables 160
CHAPTER VII.
DEVELOPMENT AND NEGATIVE FINISHING.
Study of Chemistry 162
On Plate making 163
Wet-plate process 163
Tonality and development 166
On developing 170
On developers 171
Local development 171
On the study of tone 173
Accidents and faults, and their remedies 174
Varnishing the negative 179
Roller slides and paper negatives 180
Orthochromatic photography 181
CHAPTER VIII.
RETOUCHING.
Definition of retouching 184
On working up photographs 184
On retouching 186
Adam Salomon and Rejlander on retouching 187
CHAPTER IX.
PRINTING.
Various printing processes 191
The Platinotype process 195
Vignetting 196
Combination printing 197
On cloud negatives and printing in of clouds 198
CHAPTER X.
ENLARGEMENTS.
On enlarging 200
CHAPTER XI.
TRANSPARENCIES, LANTERN AND STEREOSCOPIC SLIDES.
Transparencies 202
Lantern Slides 202
Stereoscopic Slides 202
CHAPTER XII.
PHOTO-MECHANICAL PROCESSES.
Photo-mechanical processes 204
A. For diagrams and topographical work 204
B. For pictures 204
Photo-etching 207
The Typographic Etching Co. 208
Hints for those having plates reproduced by photo-etching 210
W. L. Colls on “Methods of reproducing negatives from 212
Nature for the copper-plate press”
CHAPTER XIII.
MOUNTING AND FRAMING.
Mountants 218
Mounts 219
Frames 219
Albums 220
CHAPTER XIV.
COPYRIGHTING.
On copyrighting 221
Method of copyright 221
Law of copyright 222
CHAPTER XV.
EXHIBITING AND EXHIBITION.
Exhibitions 225
Medals 226
Judges 227
CHAPTER XVI.
CONCLUSION.
Conclusion 229
BOOK III.
PICTORIAL ART.
CHAPTER I.
EDUCATED SIGHT.
Men born blind 233
Education of Sight 234
CHAPTER II.
COMPOSITION.
On Composition 237
Burnet’s “Treatise on Painting” 238
CHAPTER III.
OUT-DOOR AND IN-DOOR WORK.
Out-door portraiture 243
Landscape 245
On picture-making 250
Figure and Landscape 251
Studio-portraiture 252
CHAPTER IV.
HINTS ON ART.
Practical hints 254
CHAPTER V.
DECORATIVE ART.
Decorative art 260
Naturalism in decorative art 260
Photography as applied to decorative art 261
Principles of decorative art 261
Practice of decorative art 261
_L'ENVOI._
PHOTOGRAPHY—A PICTORIAL ART.
On different art methods of expression 269
Answers to criticism on “Photography a pictorial Art” 278
Artists on Photography 279
Some masters of the minor arts 289
APPENDIX I.
ON PHOTOGRAPHIC LIBRARIES.
Art books 293
Art-teaching 293
Books recommended 293
Photographic Libraries 294
APPENDIX II.
“Science and Art,” a paper read at the Camera Club 295
Conference, held in the rooms of the Society of Arts in
London on March 26th, 1889
INDEX 303
NATURALISTIC PHOTOGRAPHY.
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