Chapter IX: Part 9

It would not be possible to develop at once a national or Federal agency for rendering aid to families in distress. Nor would such an agency be desirable if characterized by the features of the old poor law. But the development of a national agency for public assistance will undoubtedly be necessary before such problems as these can be adequately dealt with. It should be based on such inquiries as the United States Children's Bureau and other governmental departments can make as to the volume and character of the need and the best methods for dealing with that need. Undoubtedly the Grant in Aid, as proposed in the bill introduced into the Sixty-fifth Congress to encourage the development of health protection for mothers and infants, will prove the quickest path to a national standard. Careful study into the kind of legislative amendment necessary in the various states in order to reduce the chaos now existing in the exercise of these functions should also be made.

The present is in many ways an unfortunate moment at which to suggest the necessity of developing such an agency. The War Risk Bureau, created to provide certain services for the families of soldiers and sailors and others in the service, through the failures and imperfections of its service, has discouraged the idea of attempting such tasks on a national scale. It should be recalled, however, that the assignment of the War Risk Bureau to the Treasury Department concerned with revenue instead of to the Children's Bureau concerned with family problems, rendered it practically inevitable that such limitations of skill would characterize its work. Neither a taxing body nor a bank should be chosen for the supervision of work with family groups.

The "home service" work of the American Red Cross constituted such a national agency during the period of the war, and if the so-called "peace-time program" is successfully developed, the need urged in this chapter may be met.

The efficient local private agencies suffer in the same way from the lack of a national agency and a national standard in case work. The American Association for Social Work with Families, and the National Conference of Social Work, attempt by conference and publication to spread the knowledge of social technique and to improve the work done by existing societies. But there are whole sections, even in densely populated areas, in which there exists no such agency.

If, then, the benevolence and good will of the community are to be embodied in such service for foreign-born families that fall into distress as will not only relieve but upbuild the life of the family, interpret to them the standards of the community, and help them to become a part of the true American life, a national minimum of skill and information must be developed below which the agencies for such care will nowhere be allowed to fall. From the experience both of these foreign-born families and of the communities into which they finally come we learn again the doctrine laid down a hundred years ago by Robert Owen, that the care of those who suffer is a national and not solely a local concern.

FOOTNOTES:

[72] _Charity Service Reports, Cook County, Illinois_, Fiscal Year 1917, pp. 74, 350.

[73] Richmond, _Social Diagnosis_, p. 118.

[74] V. G. Kirkpatrick, "War-time Work of the Visiting Housekeeper," in the _Yearbook of the United Charities of Chicago_, 1917, p. 18.

[75] _Illinois Revised Statutes_, chap. cvii.

[76] _Illinois Revised Statutes_, chap. xxiii, sec. 298.

[77] Abbott, E., "Experimental State in Mothers' Pension Legislation," _National Conference of Social Work_, 1917, pp. 154-164, and _U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin, No. 212_, p. 818. See also _Institution Quarterly of Illinois_, March, 1916, p. 97.

[78] _Massachusetts General Acts, 1913_, chap. 763, sec. 3.

[79] _Deering's Political Code of California_, sec. 2283 fol., p. 571.

[80] _New Jersey Acts, 1915_, p. 206 fol.

[81] _Laws of Pennsylvania, 1914_, p. 118; _1915_, p. 1085.

APPENDIX

PRINCIPAL RACIAL ORGANIZATIONS

The following list of racial organizations has been generously compiled by the Bureau of Foreign Language Information Service of the American Red Cross. Only those of national scope have been included, with the exception of those starred, which, although not strictly national, have a more than local importance. It contains those organizations and societies doing benevolent, philanthropic or educational work, and, in a few instances, those primarily political or religious in character whose activities have been extended to include other work.

The list was compiled in March, 1921, and, although it is reasonably inclusive, the organizations, the officers, and the addresses are constantly changing.

CZECH

Catholic Sokol Union
Secretary:
5798 Holcomb Street. Detroit, Michigan

Council of Higher Education
Secretary: P. A. Korab
Iowa State Bank, Iowa City, Iowa

Czecho-Slavonian Fraternal Benefit Union
Secretary: August R. Zicha
516 East Seventy-third Street, New York City

Czechoslovak National Alliance
Secretary: Ferdinand L. Musil
3734 West Twenty-sixth Street, Chicago, Illinois

Czechoslovak National Council of America
President: Dr. J. P. Percival
3756 West Twenty-sixth Street, Chicago, Illinois

National Federation of Czech Catholics in America
Secretary: John Straka
2752 South Millard Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Sisterly Benevolent Union, Supreme Lodge
Secretary: Mrs. Marie Zemanova
4934 Broadway, Cleveland, Ohio

Society of Taborites
Secretary: Fr. Cernohorsky
3416 East Fifty-third Street, Cleveland, Ohio

Sokol Gymnastic Organization of America
Secretary: Thomas Vonasek
1647 South St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Union of Czech Women
Secretary: Mrs. Marie Zemanova
180 Forty-first Street, Corona, New York

United Czechoslovak Legion of America
Secretary: Lada T. Krizek
3742 East 140th Street, Cleveland, Ohio

Western Czech Fraternal Union
Secretary: L. J. Kasper
307 Twelfth Avenue East, Cedar Rapids, Iowa

DANISH

The Danish Brotherhood in America
Supreme Secretary: Frank V. Lawson
Omaha National Bank Building, Omaha, Nebraska

The Danish Sisterhood in America
Supreme Secretary: Mrs. Caroline Nielsen
6820 So. Carpenter Street, Chicago, Illinois

DUTCH

*Eendracht Maaht Macht
President: G. Verschuur
65 Nassau Street, New York City

Nieuw Nederland
President: A. Schrikker
Netherland Consulate, New York City

FINNISH

Finnish Apostolic Lutheran Church
Office of National Secretary, care of Valvoja
Calumet, Michigan

Finnish Branch, Industrial Workers of the World
Office of National Secretary, care of Industrialisti
22 Lake Avenue, North, Duluth, Minnesota

Finnish Congregational Church of the United States
Office of National Secretary, care of Astorian Sanomat
Astoria, Oregon

Finnish Lutheran National Church
Office of National Secretary, care of Auttaja
Ironwood, Michigan

Finnish Lutheran Suomi Synod Church of America
President: Rev. John Wargelin
Hancock, Michigan

Finnish National Temperance Brotherhood
National Secretary: Mrs. Hilma Hamina
Ishpeming, Michigan

Finnish Socialist Organization of the United States
National Secretary: Henry Askeli
Mid City Bank Building, Chicago, Illinois

Knights of Kalova
National Secretary: Matti Simpanen
5305 Sixth Avenue, Brooklyn, New York

Ladies of Kalova
National Secretary: Miss Martha Hamalainen
266 Pleasant Street, Gardner, Massachusetts

Lincoln Loyalty League of Finnish-Americans
Secretary: J. H. Jasbert
1045 Marquette Building, Chicago, Illinois

Swedish-Finnish Sick Benefit Society of America
Secretary: John Back
Box 27, North Escanaba, Michigan

GERMAN

American Gymnastic Union (Turners)
First President: Theo. Stempfel
Fletcher American Nat. Bank, Indianapolis, Indiana

German Beneficial Union
Supreme President: Louis Volz
1505-07 Carson Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

National Federation of German Catholic Societies
President: Michael Girten
915 People's Gas Building, Chicago, Illinois

North American Association of Singing Societies
President: Charles G. Schmidt
2000 Central Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio

North-Eastern Association of Singing Societies
President: Carl Lentz
77 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey

Order of Harugari
Grand Treasurer: Henry F. Raabe
30 Vanderveer Street, Brooklyn, New York

Order of the Sons of Herman
Grand Secretary: Richard Schaefer
New Britain, Connecticut

Workmen's Sick and Death Benefit Fund
Seventh Street and Third Avenue, New York City

HUNGARIAN

American Hungarian Reformed Society
Secretary: Steve Molnar
269 Plymouth Street, Toledo, Ohio

*First Hungarian Literary Society of New York
Secretary: Joseph Partos
317 East Seventy-ninth Street, New York City

First Hungarian Miners Sick Benefit Society of Ben Creek
Secretary: Stephen Beres
Box 244, Cassandram, Pennsylvania

*First Hungarian Sick Benefit and Funeral Society of New
Brunswick
Secretary: Joseph Kopencey
Box 511, New Brunswick, New Jersey

*First Hungarian Sick Benefit Society of East Chicago and
Vicinity
Secretary: Kovacs A. David
620 Chicago Avenue, East Chicago, Indiana

*Hungarian Public Association of Passaic
Secretary: Julius Faludy
127 Second Avenue, Passaic, New Jersey

*Hungarian Rakoczi Sick Benefit Society of Bridgeport
Secretary: Steve Koteles, Jr.
626 Bostwick Avenue, Bridgeport, Connecticut

*Hungarian Reformed Benefit Society of Pittsburgh and Vicinity
Chairman: Andrew Hornyak
600 Hazelwood Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

*Hungarian Reformed Sick Benefit Society of Windber and Vicinity
Secretary: Joseph Molnar
542 R. Road Street, Windber, Pennsylvania

Kohanyi Tihamer's Hungarian Workman's Sick Benefit Society of
Hungary and America
Secretary: Julius Sipos
Box 240, Homer City, Pennsylvania

Roman and Greek Catholic First Hungarian Sick Benefit Society of
Benwood
Secretary: Ignac Kiss
R. F. D. No. 2, Box 346, Wheeling, West Virginia

Saint Laszlo Roman and Greek Catholic Hungarian Sick Benefit and
Funeral Society of Johnstown and Vicinity
Secretary: John Angyal
205 Third Avenue, Johnstown, Pennsylvania

Saint Istvan Hungarian Workman's Sick Benefit Society of Snow Shoe
Secretary: Antal Polczar
Box 62, Clarence, Pennsylvania

United Petofi Sandor Association
Secretary: Bela K. Bekay
2196-98 West Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Michigan

Verhovay Aid Association
Secretary: Stephen Gabor
Room 809-811 Markle Bank Building, Hazelton, Pennsylvania

Workman's Sick Benefit and Literary Society
Secretary: Joseph Kertesz
350 East Eighty-first Street, New York City

ITALIAN

Italian War Veterans
244 East Twenty-fourth Street, New York City

Order of Sons of Italy in America
President: Stefano Miele
266 Lafayette Street, New York City

JEWISH

Alliance Israelite Universelle
150 Nassau Street, New York City

Alumni Association of the Hebrew Union College
Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio

American Jewish Committee
31 Union Square West, New York City

American Jewish Congress
1 Madison Avenue, New York City

American Jewish Relief Committee
30 East Forty-second Street, New York City

American Union of Rumanian Jews
44 Seventh Street, New York City

Baron de Hirsch Fund
80 Maiden Lane, New York City

Bureau of Jewish Social Research
114 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Central Conference of American Rabbis
Temple Beth El, Detroit, Michigan

Council of Jewish Women
Executive Secretary: Mrs. Harry Sternberger
305 West Ninety-eighth Street, New York City

Council of Reform Rabbis
1093 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, New York

Council of Y. M. H. and Kindred Associations
114 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning
Broad and York Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Eastern Council of Reform Rabbis
1093 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, New York

Educational League for the Higher Education of Orphans
336 Engineer's Building, Cleveland, Ohio

Federation of Bessarabian Jews in America
52 St. Mark's Place, New York City

Federation of Galician Jews and Bukovinian Jews in America
66 Second Avenue, New York City

Federation of Jewish Farmers of America
175 East Broadway, New York City

Federation of Lithuanian and Latvian Jews in America
6 Ludlow Street, New York City

Federation of Oriental Jews of America
42 Seventh Street, New York City

Federation of Russian and Polish Hebrews in America
1822 Lexington Avenue, New York City

Federation of Ukrainian Jews in America
200 East Broadway, New York City

Hadassah
55 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Hai Resh Fraternity
St. Joseph, Missouri

Histadrut Ibrith
55 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America
229-231 East Broadway, New York City

Hebrew Technical Institute for Boys
36 Stuyvesant Street, New York City

Hebrew Technical School for Girls
Second Avenue and Fifteenth Street, New York City

Independent Order of B'nai B'rith
1228 Tribune Building, Chicago, Illinois

Independent Order of Brith Abraham
37 Seventh Avenue, New York City

Independent Order Brith Sholom
510-512 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Independent Order Free Sons of Israel
21 West 124th Street, New York City

Independent Western Star Order
1227 Blue Island Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Independent Workmen's Circle of America, Inc.
9 Cambridge, Boston, Massachusetts

Industrial Removal Office
174 Second Avenue, New York City

Intercollegiate Menorah Associations
600 Madison Avenue, New York City

Intercollegiate Zionist Association of America
55 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Jewish Academicians of America
125 East Eighty-fifth Street, New York City

Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society
174 Second Avenue, New York City

Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station
356 Second Avenue, New York City

Jewish Central Relief Committee
51 Chambers Street, New York City

Jewish Chautauqua Society
1305 Stephen Girard Building
21 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jewish Consumptive Relief Association of California
207 South Broadway, Los Angeles, California

Jewish Consumptive Relief Society
510-512 Kittredge Building, Denver, Colorado

Jewish National Workers Alliance of America
89 Delancey Street, New York City

Jewish People's Relief Committee
175 East Broadway, New York City

Jewish Publication Society of America
1201 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jewish Socialist Federation of America
175 East Broadway, New York City

Jewish Socialist Labor Poale Zion of America and Canada
266 Grand Street, New York City

Jewish Teachers Association
Secretary: A. P. Schoolman
356 Second Avenue, New York City

Jewish Teachers' Seminary
252 East Broadway, New York City

Jewish Teachers' Training School of the Misrachi Organization
86 Orchard Street, New York City

Jewish Theological Seminary of America
531 West 123d Street, New York City

Jewish Welfare Board
149 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Joint Distribution Committee
20 Exchange Place, New York City

Kappa Nu Fraternity
2937 Schubert Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

National Association of Jewish Social Workers
Secretary and Treasurer: M. M. Goldstein
356 Second Avenue, New York City

National Conference of Jewish Social Service
114 Fifth Avenue, New York City

National Desertion Bureau
Secretary: Charles Zusser
356 Second Avenue, New York City

National Farm School
407 Mutual Life Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods
62 Dutenhofer Building, Cincinnati, Ohio

National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives
3800 East Colfax Avenue, Denver, Colorado

National Jewish Immigration Council
18 Maiden Lane, New York City

National Union of Jewish Sheltering Societies
229-231 East Broadway, New York City

Order Brith Abraham
266 Grand Street, New York City

Order Knights of Joseph
311-312 Society for Savings Building
Cleveland, Ohio

Order of Sons of Zion
55 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Order of the United Hebrew Brothers
189 Second Avenue, New York City

Pi Tau Pi Fraternity
New Orleans, Louisiana

Progressive Order of the West
406-407-408 Frisco Building
Ninth and Olive Streets, St. Louis, Missouri

Red Mogen David of America
201 Second Avenue, New York City

Sigma Alpha Mu Fraternity
277 Broadway, New York City

The Mizrachi Organization of America
86 Orchard Street, New York City

The Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada
121 Canal Street, New York City

The Workmen's Circle
175 East Broadway, New York City

Union of American Hebrew Congregations
Cincinnati, Ohio

Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America
125 East Eighty-fifth Street, New York City

United Order of True Sisters
317 West 139th Street, New York City

United Orthodox Rabbis of America
121 Canal Street, New York City

United Sons of Israel, Inc.
18 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts

United Synagogue of America
531 West 123d Street, New York City

Women's League of the United Synagogue of America
531 West 123d Street, New York City

Young Judæa
55 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Z B T Fraternity
237 West Eighty-eighth Street, New York City

Zionist Organization of America
55 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Zionist Society of Engineers and Agriculturists
122 East Thirty-seventh Street, New York City

JUGOSLAV

Carniolian Slovene Catholic Union
1004 North Chicago Street, Joliet, Illinois

Croatian League of Illinois
2552 Wentworth Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Croatian Union of the Pacific
560 Pacific Building, San Francisco, California

Jugoslav Benevolent Society "Unity"
408 Park Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Jugoslav Catholic Benevolent Union
Ely, Minnesota

Jugoslav Republican Alliance
3637 West Twenty-sixth Street, Chicago, Illinois

Loyal Serb Society Srbadia
443 West Twenty-second Street, New York City

National Croatian Society
1012 Peralta Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Serbian Federation Sloboda
414 Bakewell Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Serbian Orthodox Federation Srbobran Sloga
Twelfth and Carsons Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Slovene Benevolent Society
1064 East Sixty-second Street, Cleveland, Ohio

Slovene Catholic Benevolent Association
420 Seventh Street, Calumet, Michigan

Slovene Croatian Union
Fifth South Borgo Block, Calumet, Michigan

Slovene Free Thinkers Association
1541 West Eighteenth Street, Brooklyn, New York

Slovene Workingmen's Benevolent Association
634 Main Street, Johnstown, Pennsylvania

*Slovenic Benevolent Society
"St. Barbara"
Forest City, Pennsylvania

Slovenic National Benefit Society
2657 S. Lawndale Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Southern Slav Socialistic League
3639 West Twenty-sixth Street, Chicago, Illinois

The Holy Family Society
1006 North Chicago Street, Joliet, Illinois

Western Slav Society
4822 Washington Street, Denver, Colorado

Young National Croatian Society
President: Mark Smiljanich
2857 South Ridgeway Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

LITHUANIAN

American-Lithuanian Catholic Press Association
Secretary: Rev. V. Kulikauskas
2327 West Twenty-third Place, Chicago, Illinois

Auxiliary of Lithuanian Red Cross
Secretary: Rev. Petraitis
147 Montgomery Avenue, Paterson, New Jersey

Knights of Lithuania
Secretary: Vincas Ruk[vs]telis
3249 South Halsted Street, Chicago, Illinois

Lithuanian Alliance of America
Secretary: Miss P. Jurgeliute
307 West Thirtieth Street, New York City

Lithuanian National Fund
Secretary: J. Kru[vs]inskas
222 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, New York

Lithuanian Patriot Society
Secretary: J. Sekys
101 Oak Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts

Lithuanian Roman Catholic Alliance of America
Secretary: J. Tumasonis
222 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, New York

Lithuanian Roman Catholic Charitable Association
Secretary: John Purtokas
4441 South Washenaw Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Lithuanian Roman Catholic Federation of America
Secretary: J. Valantiejus
222 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, New York

Lithuanian Roman Catholic Women's Alliance of America
President: Mrs. M. Vaiciuniene
442 Leonard Street, N. W., Grand Rapids, Michigan

Lithuanian Total Abstinence Association
Secretary: Vincent Ba[vc]ys
41 Providence Street, Worcester, Massachusetts

St. Joseph's Lith. Roman Catholic Association of Labor
Secretary: A. F. Kneizis
366 West Broadway, South Boston, Massachusetts

The People's University
Secretary: Dr. A. L. Graiciunas
3310 South Halsted Street, Chicago, Illinois

NORWEGIAN

Knights of the White Cross
Care of Nora Lodge
1733 North Kedvale Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Sons of Norway
Secretary: L. Stavnheim
New York Life Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota

POLISH

Association of Polish Women of the United States
General Secretary: Mrs. L. H. Dziewczynska
6723 Fleet Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio

Polish Alliance of New Jersey
General Secretary: J. Wegrocki
84 Tyler Street, Newark, New Jersey

Polish Falcons Alliance of America
General Secretary: K. J. Machnikowski
Cor. South Twelfth and Carson Streets, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Polish Military Alliance of the United States of America
General Secretary: P. Balecki
450 Pacific Avenue, Jersey City, New Jersey

*Polish National Alliance of Brooklyn
General Secretary: V. G. Nowak
142 Grand Street, Brooklyn, New York

Polish National Alliance of the United States of North America
General Secretary: J. S. Zawilinski
1406-08 West Division Street, Chicago, Illinois

Polish Roman-Catholic Alliance
General Secretary: J. Grams
6924 Worley Street, Cleveland, Ohio

Polish Roman-Catholic Association
General Secretary: L. F. Szymanski
755 Twenty-third Street, Detroit, Michigan

*Polish Roman-Catholic Benevolent Association of Bay City
General Secretary: J. Lepczyk
1112 Fifteenth Street, Bay City, Michigan

Polish Roman-Catholic Union
984 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Polish Socialists Alliance of America
General Secretary: R. Mazurkiewica
959 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Polish Women's Alliance of America
General Secretary: Mrs. J. Andrzejewska
1309-15 North Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Polish Union
General Secretary: J. Dembiec
Room 824, Miners Bank Building, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

Polish Union of America
General Secretary: F. Zandrowicz
761-765 Fillmore Avenue, Buffalo, New York

Human Catholic Alliance of America
General Secretary: W. Gola
59 Fourth Street, Passaic, New Jersey

The Polish Roman-Catholic St. Joseph Union
General Secretary: A. Kazmierski
2813 Nineteenth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

RUSSIAN

League of Russian Clergy
43 Reed Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

North American Ecclesiastical Consistory
Archbishop Alexander
15 East Ninety-seventh Street, New York City

Russian Brotherhood Organization of U. S. A.
P. O. Box 475, Olyphant, Pennsylvania

Russian Collegiate Institute
219 Second Avenue, New York City

Russian Independent Orthodox Brotherhoods
34 Vine Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Russian Independent Society
917 North Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois

Russian National Organization
P. O. Box 2066, Bridgeport, Connecticut

Russian National Society
5 Columbus Circle, New York City

Russian Orthodox Catholic Mutual Aid Society
84 Market Street, East, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

Russian Peasants' Union
324 East Fourteenth Street, New York City

Russian Society "Nauka"
222 East Tenth Street, New York City

*Union of Russian Citizens
1522 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Women's Russian Orthodox Mutual Aid Society
P. O. Box 512, Coaldale, Pennsylvania

SLOVAK

Catholic Slovak Sokol
Secretary: Michael Kudlac
205 Madison Street, Passaic, New Jersey

First Catholic Slovak Ladies' Union of the United States
President: Mrs. Frantiska Jakaboin
600 South Seventh Street, Reading, Pennsylvania

National Slovak Society in United States of America
Secretary: Joseph Duris
P. O. Box 593, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Slovak Gymnastic Union of Sokols
Secretary: Frank Stas
283 Oak Street, Perth Amboy, New Jersey

Slovak Protestant Union
President: Jan Bibza
409 South Second Street, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Tatran Slovak Union
President: Samuel Vrablik
2519 South Ridgeway Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

The First Catholic Slovak Union
President: Andrej H. Dorko
Marblehead, Ohio

Zivena, Benefit Society of Slovak Christian Women of the United
States of America
President: Mrs. C. E. Vavrek
3 Stark Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

SWEDISH

American Society of Swedish Engineers
Secretary: N. V. Hansell
271 Hicks Street, Brooklyn, New York

Scandinavian Fraternity of America
P. O. Box 184, Spokane, Washington
(Membership consists of Norwegians, Danes, and Swedes)

The American Union of Swedish Singers
President: Hjalmar Nilsson
State Capitol, St. Paul, Minnesota

The Order of Vasa
President: Carl Festin
610 East Seventy-fifth Street, Chicago, Illinois

*United Swedish Societies of Greater New York
President: John Olin
Anderson's Assembly Rooms, Sixteenth Street and Third Avenue,
New York City
(Consists of two delegates from each local society)

UKRAINIAN

Providence Association, Inc.
President: Eugene Yakubovich
827 North Franklin Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The Ukrainian Federation of the United States, Inc.
President: Miroslav Sichinsky
166 Avenue A, New York City

Ukrainian Mutual Aid Society, Inc.
President: M. Porada
3357 West Carson Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Ukrainian National Association, Inc.
President: Simon Yadlowsky
83 Grand Street, Jersey City, New Jersey

Ukrainian National Committee
President: V. B. Lotozky
30 East Seventh Street, New York City

Ukrainian Women's Alliance
President: Mrs. C. Zubrich
932 North Okley Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois

Ukrainian Workingmen's Association, Inc.
President: George Kraykiwsky
524 Olive Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania

Union of Brotherhoods
President: George Hylak
107 Grant Street, Olyphant, Pennsylvania

MENUS

The following menus have been obtained from housewives who were glad to share in an effort toward better understanding between foreign-born groups and agencies either of adjustment or for case work. This small body of material is illustrative of the kind of information that is easily available to the agency and that would illumine the treatment of the families under care.

The menus given are those actually used by housewives of different nationalities during the periods indicated. A list of recipes will be found in another volume of this Study.[82]

BOHEMIAN

These menus were given by a Bohemian woman whose methods of cooking have changed very little in America. She has learned new ways of preserving vegetables and fruits, but uses those methods only when they seem to her more inexpensive than her earlier practices. In other respects the diet is said to be typical of the diet of a Bohemian family of moderate income in Moravia.

BREAKFAST

Oatmeal with milk.
Coffee, bread with butter or jelly.

There is always fruit in the house and the child of five is given bread and jelly at ten o'clock in the morning.

LUNCH

Usually a meatless soup is served for lunch, or a simple dish of rice or vegetables. Eggs cooked in various ways, milk, bread, butter, and jelly, and baked porridge called "kashe" made from farina, rice or millet, cooked with milk and sugar and butter, are also used at lunch.

DINNER

The dinner menus do not vary much. Soup made from meat stock is eaten every week day except Wednesday, when there is roast meat and no soup. On Sunday both soup and a roast are served. The meat from the soup is served with a variety of sauces and gravies. Dumplings are used often when Americans would serve potatoes. Rice and noodles are also used instead of potatoes. Such vegetables as beans, spinach, carrots, cabbage, kohl-rabi, sauerkraut, and salads are sometimes eaten with the meat instead of the sauce with dumplings. The following are typical menus:

Soup.
Meat with sauce and dumplings.
Apple sauce or preserves.
Coffee. Bread and butter.

Soup.
Meat with sauce and potatoes.
Stewed fruit.
Coffee with homemade raised tarts.

Soup.
Meat, beans, sauerkraut.
Apple sauce.
Coffee. Bread and butter.

CROATIAN

The following menus represent the diet of a Croatian family of moderate income. The family came from a village near Zara, and the influence of the Italian customs upon the food habits of the Dalmatians is indicated in the use of polenta.

August 6, 1919:

BREAKFAST--5 A.M.

One cup of coffee with one or two slices of bread. Coffee is
made very strong, the cup filled two thirds full of hot milk;
the coffee and some cream added.

SECOND BREAKFAST--9 A.M.

A soft-boiled egg, with bread.
One cup of coffee.

The custom of having a second breakfast is Croatian. In this family it has been possible to keep it up in this country because the hours for a street-car conductor can be arranged to allow it.

DINNER--12.30 P.M.

Beef soup with dumplings.
Soup meat with sauce.
Mashed potatoes (browned).
Bread. Coffee.

SUPPER--7 P.M.

Soup with rice (from same stock as was used at noon).
Cabbage.
Bread. Coffee. Fruit.

August 7, 1919:

BREAKFAST

Early breakfast is always the same. The second breakfast varies little; sometimes bread and cheese or bread and meat sandwiches are eaten instead of the soft-boiled eggs.

DINNER

Goulash.
Polenta.
Lettuce salad.
Coffee.

SUPPER

Spaghetti with tomato sauce.
Celery.
Bread. Coffee.

ITALIAN (Sicilian)

The following menus represent the diet of a Sicilian family from Palermo. They have been in America over twenty years, but their diet has changed little. There are ten persons in the family--the mother and two unmarried daughters, a married daughter, her husband and four children. The children are seven, five, and three years, and ten months. Food for the children is prepared separately. For breakfast they have cereal, milk, bread, and stewed fruit; for lunch, rice or potato, bread, milk, and the green vegetables cooked for the family if not cooked with tomato sauce. For supper the children have bread and milk. It is not common in Italian families to make so much difference in the diet for children; they are usually fed on the highly seasoned dishes the family eat, but in this family the mother prepared special food for her children, and her daughter is doing the same and planning their diet even more carefully.

Summer menus:

Monday, August 11, 1919:

BREAKFAST

Coffee or chocolate.
Toast. Italian cookies.
For children, bread and milk or oatmeal and milk.

The coffee is made strong, but is served with hot milk--the cup half or two thirds filled with milk before coffee is poured in. Very often nothing is eaten with the coffee.

LUNCHEON--Noon

Cold sliced meat (left from Sunday).
Tomato and lettuce salad.
Bread. Fruit.

DINNER

Spaghetti with tomato sauce.
Stuffed peppers.
Bread. Fruit.

Tuesday, August 12, 1919:

BREAKFAST

Same every morning.

LUNCHEON

Stew made of long, slender squash, potatoes, onions.
Bread. Fruit.

DINNER

Broiled veal.
Fried potatoes.
Fresh tomatoes with French dressing.
Boiled string beans.
Bread. Fruit.

Wednesday, August 13, 1919:

LUNCHEON

Boiled greens with olive oil.
Fresh tomatoes.
Bread. Cheese.
Fruit.

DINNER

Macaroni with peas.
Diced potatoes with tomato sauce.
Breaded asparagus.
Fruit.

Thursday, August 14, 1919:

LUNCHEON

Breaded fried liver.
Sauce for meat made of vinegar, sugar, chopped orange rind, and
bay leaves.
Boiled greens with olive oil.
Bread. Fruit.

DINNER

Macaroni à la Milanese
Sauce of finocchi, bread crumbs, anchovi.
Potato cakes.
Fruit.

Friday, August 15, 1919:

LUNCHEON

Egg tamale.
String beans, French dressing.
Bread. Fruit.

DINNER

Fried fish.
Fresh tomatoes.
Cucumbers. Bread. Fruit.

Saturday, August 16, 1919:

LUNCHEON

Potatoes and eggs.
Greens with vinegar.
Bread. Fruit.

DINNER

Broiled steak.
Corn. Potatoes.
Salad. Bread. Fruit.

Sunday, August 17, 1919:

BREAKFAST

Coffee. Italian pastry.

DINNER

Homemade macaroni with tomato sauce.
Veal pot roast.
Corn. Eggplant. Bread.
Fruit salad.

The menus given are typical of the diet during the summer. A great variety of vegetables is used.

Winter menus:

Monday:

BREAKFAST

Coffee or chocolate.
Bread, toast, or Italian cookies.

LUNCHEON

Stew of spinach, lentils, and onions.
Baked apples. Bread. Coffee.

DINNER

Macaroni with tomato sauce.
Meat (left over from Sunday).
Bread. Coffee or wine.

Tuesday:

Breakfast is always the same.

LUNCHEON

Egg tamale (egg, cheese, and bacon).
Baked potatoes.
Bread. Fruit.

DINNER

Soup with macaroni.
Meat with vegetables, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, onions, etc.
Bread. Fruit.

Wednesday:

LUNCHEON

Salmon, lemon juice.
Spinach with olive oil.
Bread. Fruit.

DINNER

Macaroni with navy beans.
Fried eggplant, with tomato sauce and cheese.
Bread. Fruit.

Thursday:

LUNCHEON

Soft-boiled eggs.
Fried green tomatoes.
Bread. Baked apples.

DINNER

Breaded pork chops.
Potatoes. Spinach.
Fruit Salad. Bread.

Friday:

LUNCHEON

Egg omelet.
Chocolate. Bread.
Stewed fruit.

DINNER

Fish with tomato sauce.
Stuffed green peppers.
Bread. Fruit.

Saturday:

LUNCHEON

Broiled liver.
Lettuce salad. Bread.
Fruit.

DINNER

Lima beans with celery, onions, and tomatoes.
Stuffed artichokes.
Bread. Coffee. Fruit.

Sunday:

BREAKFAST

Coffee and Italian fried cakes.

DINNER

Macaroni with tomato sauce and chopped meat.
Pot roast. Peas.
Ice cream.

SUPPER

Rice cooked in milk with egg.
Cake. Coffee.

SLOVENIAN

Menus given by a Slovenian woman show the diet of a family of moderate income whose food habits have not been modified in America. Certain European customs are observed; no desserts are served, and no baking powder is used. Sweet cookies, raised with yeast, and fresh fruit, are given to children who are allowed candy, so that they may not feel deprived of sweets when they see other children eating candy at school. The older children have learned to prepare new "American" dishes at school, but these are not used at home, as the whole family prefer the Slovenian diet.

BREAKFAST

Coffee, bread and butter.
(Breakfast is always the same.)

10 A.M.

An egg, a sandwich, or a cup of milk for parents.
Fruit for children.

LUNCH

1. Rice cooked with mushrooms, celery, onions, and spice. In
cold weather fifteen cents' worth of pork is cooked with the
rice. Water with fruit juice to drink, or the water from
cooked fruit.

2. Buckwheat cakes, eaten with cooked dried fruit or jelly.

3. Barley and beans cooked together. Colored beans are used,
and must be tried to see whether they will cook in the same
time as the barley. Olive oil, bacon or sausage, and a little
garlic are added.

4. Millet (kasa) cooked in milk with sugar, then baked in the
oven fifteen minutes and served with milk.

5. French toast.

6. Corn-meal mush, fried, with sauerkraut. "A good quality of
corn meal is used, bought in Italian districts." Boiling
water is poured very slowly into a dish of meal, and allowed
to stand twenty minutes. Mush is fried in butter, eaten with
sauerkraut, cooked dried fruit or honey.

7. Noodles with Parmesan cheese.

8. Noodles with baked apples.

3 P.M.

Coffee, bread with butter or jelly.
(Coffee is very weak for children; a great deal of milk is added.)

DINNER

1. Beef soup with farina dumplings.
Meat (from the soup) eaten with a relish.
Potatoes. Turnips. Bread.

2. Vegetable soup.
Roast meat.
Vegetables.
Bread. Water.

FOOTNOTE:

[82] Michael M. Davis, _Immigrant Health and the Community_.

INDEX

A

Abbott, Edith, 153, 161, 186, 308

Abbott, Grace, 223

Agencies:
Adjusting immigrants
American, 222-276
Case work, 277-311
Immigrant, 187-221
Studied, 7-8

Agriculture:
Legislation, 38, 76, 254-257
Workers, 34-35

Akron, Ohio:
Home Demonstration Agent, 259

American Association for Family Welfare Work, 281

American Association for Social Work with Families, 7, 310

American Home Economics Association:
Committee on Household Budgets, 115, 250-252

American Institute of Architects:
Articles on Housing, 72-74

American Red Cross:
Chapter
Case Work, 281
Home Service, 7, 310

Americanization:
Agencies and instruments
American organizations, 222-276
Case-work organizations, 277-311
Immigrant organizations, 187-221
Factors, 14-18

Anderson, A. M., 270

Anthony, Katharine Susan, 136

B

Baltimore, Maryland:
Polish National Alliance, 202

Banks:
Postal Savings, 111-115

Benefit Societies:
Life and Health insurance, 94-95
Organization, 192-196, 201

Birdseye, Clarence Frank, 226

"Board of Health Baskets," 133

Boarders:
Relation to family problems, 23-27, 52, 63-64

Bohemia:
Customs in, 174

Bohemians:
Building and loan association, 76, 109
Child care, 158, 164, 182
Cookery, 59
Dvorak Park, Chicago, 273-274
Home ownership, 105, 107
In Chicago, 11
Nebraska, 169
Life insurance, 94
Menus, 333-334
Postal Savings circular, 112
Spending habits, 90, 122, 134-135
Unemployment, 92

Boston, Massachusetts:
Boston Associated Charities
Office of District Superintendent, 298
Case-work agencies, 283, 295
Dietetic Bureau, 296
Polish National Alliance, 202

Breckinridge, S. P., 153, 161, 186

Bridgeport, Connecticut:
Black Rock Apartment House Group, 70
Study of housing project, 8

British Board of Trade:
Cost of living in American towns, 7

Brooklyn, New York:
Red Cross Chapter, 281
Visiting housekeeper
Pratt Institute, 290

Brooks, John Graham, viii

Buffalo, New York:
Cost of living, 129
Red Cross Chapter, 281

Building Loans:
Government, 75-80

Building and loan association:
Agency for buying homes, 109-111
In Chicago, 76

Bulgarian:
Home ownership, 106
Postal Savings circular, 112

Bureau of Education:
Home Economics Division, 251, 268

Bureau of Labor:
List of building and loan associations, 109
Report of U. S. Housing Corporation, 29, 32
Statistics, 7, 129
Women and child wage earners, 6

Buying:
Immigrant problem, 117-148

C

California:
Home teachers, 236-237
Mothers' Aid Laws, 308

California Commission of Immigration and Housing, 237-238

Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Case-work agencies, 283
Visiting housekeepers, 290

Case Work:
With immigrant families, 277-311

Case Workers:
Foreign speaking, 281-286
Training, 298-304

Catholic Order of Foresters, 195

Chicago:
Agencies, 8
Board of Education, 241-243
Building and loan association, 76, 110
Case work, 281, 298-299
Croatian, 197
Elementary schools, 161-162
Foreign born, 303-304
Immigrants' Protective League, 8, 46, 51, 52, 203, 223-227,
240, 303
Playgrounds, 158
Recreational, 273-276
Settlements, 50, 239-240
United Charities, 8, 281
Visiting housekeepers, 290-291
Visiting Nurses' Association, 241
Vocational Guidance Bureau, 169, 174
Women's Clubs, 240-241
Delinquent children, 185-186
Families, 93-94
Homes, 33
Housing, 62, 105-108
Italian wedding, 100
Russian women, 3
Shopping habits, 122-123
Study of races, 11-12, 50, 61
Women in industry, 40

Child Labor:
Legislation, 37-38

Children:
Care of, 4, 41-43, 149-186
Croatian, 198-201

Children's Bureau:
Child care publications, 7, 219-221, 254
Infant mortality studies, 41, 64

Chinese:
Postal savings circular, 112

Christenings, 103-104

Church:
Chimes, 97
Relation to parents, 180

Classes:
Cooking, 228, 233, 240-243, 259-260

Cleveland:
Case-work agencies, 283
Visiting housekeepers, 290, 295

Clothing:
Problem of parents, 135-141

Comey, A. C., 79

Community:
Recreation agencies, 272-276
Relation to immigrant, 169, 180, 187-192, 223

Company store, 119-122

Consumers' League, 141

Cook County, Illinois:
Charity Service Report, 277
Juvenile Court, 185-186, 277, 281

Cookery:
American demands, 58-60
Classes, 228, 233, 240-243, 259-260

Co-operation:
For immigrant education, 240-243

Co-operatives:
Housekeeping, 24, 27-29
In America, 141-148
In England, 141-148

Court:
Domestic relation, 53
Juvenile, 181-186, 277, 281

Croatia:
Customs, 174

Croatians:
Child care, 151
Cookery, 58
Home ownership, 105
In Chicago, 11
League of Illinois, 94
Menus, 334-335
Organizations, 196-201
Postal Savings circular, 112
Spending habits, 122, 130, 137
Women in industry, 40

Croatian League of Illinois, 196

Cummin, John, 226

Czecho-Slovak:
Czecho-Slovak workingman, 95
Diet changes, 130
Organizations, 313-314

D

Dallas, Texas:
Bohemian Community, 83

Daniels, John, 32, 190

Danish:
Organizations, 314-315
Postal Savings circular, 112

Day Nursery:
Lithuanian, 41

Death:
Provision against, 92-93, 96

Department of Agriculture:
Bureau of Home Economics, 7, 251
States Relation Service, 254-262
Thrift campaign, 114

Detroit:
Visiting Housekeepers' Association, 289

Diets:
Modification, 130-134, 249, 333-341

Dover, New Jersey:
Cost of living, 129

Dutch:
Organizations, 315

E

Earnings (_see_ Income)

Economy:
Built on money, 88

Education:
Immigrant, 240-243
Women, 265-266
Parents' problem, 159-169

El Paso, Texas:
Case-work agencies, 283

England:
British Board of Trades, 7
Domestic Service Problem, 271-272
Government Grants
Schools for mothers, 263-265
Ministry of Reconstruction, 68, 271
Rochdale, Lancashire Co-operative, 141
Women's Co-operative Guild, 269
Women's Employment Committee, 270-271

English:
Postal Savings circular, 112

Erwin, Tennessee:
Housing, 70

Expenditures:
Budget, 139

F

Fall River, Massachusetts:
Case-work agencies, 281
Visiting housekeepers, 290
Immigrant schools
Classes for women, 259-260

Family:
Adjustment by organizations
American, 222-276
Case work, 277-311
Immigrant, 187-221
Child care, 149-186
Problem, 6, 14-18
Relationships, 19-53

Farm Laborers:
Unfamiliarity with money, 89-90

Farm Loan Act:
Proposed Amendment to, 76

Federal Board for Vocational Education:
Supervisors of Home Economics, 7
Work, 251, 256-262

Fête Days:
First communion, 104-105

Finnish:
Organizations, 315-316
Postal Savings circular, 112

Foreign Language Information Service, 220, 313-332

Fort Wayne, Indiana:
Cost of living, 129

Fosdick, Raymond B., viii

Fraternal Societies (_see_ Benefit)
Sound basis of, 94-95

French:
Postal Savings circular, 112

Freund, Ernst, 119

Funerals:
Expense, 96-97

Furniture:
Buying, 134-135

G

Gay, Edwin F., viii

German:
Life insurance, 94
Organizations, 316-317
Postal Savings circular, 112

Gilbert, Frank Bixley, 226

Girls:
Conventions for, 174-175
Delinquent, 181
Safety, 180
Work, 179

Glenn, John M., viii

Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Case-work agencies, 283

Greeks:
Organizations, 192
Postal Savings banks
Use of, 112

Group life:
In old country, 175
In America, 175

H

Hart, Hastings Hornell, 200

Health:
Problems, 150-151

Health Insurance Commission of Illinois:
Study of Chicago families' life insurance, 93-95

Homes:
Ownership, 78-80, 105-111
Relation to
Child care, 149-186
American organizations, 222-276
Case-work organizations, 277-311
Immigrant organizations, 187-221
Studied, 6-14

Home Economics:
Work, 254-263, 289-298

Home Visitors:
International Institute, Y. W. C. A., 245
Training, 248-250
Work of, 247-248

Hood, Laura, xvii

Housing:
Immigrant problem, 23-32, 54-84
Play space, 158

Housewives:
Duties, 43-47
Instruction, 234-235
Problems
Children, 149-186
Housing, 23-32, 58-84
Saving, 85-116
Spending, 117-148

Hungarians:
Child care, 165
Home ownership, 105
Housekeeping problems, 80
Organization, 191, 317-318
Postal Savings banks, 112

I

Illinois:
Building and loan organization, 109
Child labor, 38
Council of Defense, 240-241
Co-operative stores, 8
Italians, 3, 11-12
Mining communities, 8
Mothers' Aid Law, 308
Pauper Act, 307
Public schools, 253

Illinois Steel Company:
Employees' houses, 72

Immigration:
"Old" and "New," 5
Stream of, 1

Immigrants:
Adjustment, 1-2, 6, 193
Co-operatives, 143-145
Relation to community, 167-168, 180, 187-192, 223

Immigrant Heritages, 1-186, 247-248
Importance to case worker, 298-301

Immigrant Newspapers (_see_ Separate Races)

Immigrant Organizations:
Life and Health Insurance, 94-95
List of principal racial, 313-332
Relation to family problems, 187-221

Immigrants' Protective League, 230, 268
Chicago, 8, 46, 51, 52, 203, 223-227, 240, 303

Income:
Children, 170-171
Inadequacy, 35-39
Irregularity, 91-92

Indianapolis, Indiana:
Cost of living, 129

Industry:
Women in, 39-43
Workers, 34-35

Infant mortality:
Study, 41, 64

Insurance:
Life
Fraternal, 93-95
Industrial, 95-96

Irish:
Life insurance, 94

Italians:
Building and loan association, 77
Case work with, 298-299, 305-307
Child care, 163, 177-178
Family problems, 50
Home economics work in Arkansas, 258-259
Housekeeping problems, 57-58, 65, 80
In Illinois mining town, 253
Life insurance, 94
Medical Association, 218
Menus, 335-340
Organizations, 95, 217-218, 318
Postal Saving banks, 112
Saving problems, 92-93, 97, 105, 106
Spending habits, 122, 124
Clothing, 137
Diet changes, 130
Neighborhood stores, 127
Studied, 11-12

Italy:
Backgrounds, 57-58, 175, 298-299, 302
Houses, 57

J

Japanese:
Postal Savings circular, 112

Jewish:
Life insurance, 94
Organizations, 319-324

Jewish Aid Society:
Case work, 281

Jugoslav:
Child care, 178
Family relationships, 50
Organizations, 324-326

Juvenile Court:
Case work, 277, 281
Child care, 181-186

Juvenile Delinquency:
Children of foreign-born parentage, 156, 181-186

K

Kemmerer, Edwin Walter, 102

Kenosha, Wisconsin:
Case-work agencies, 283

King, Clyde Lyndon, 148

Kirkpatrick, V. G., 293

Knights and Ladies of Security, 195

L

Lake Village, Arkansas
Work with Italians, 258

Language:
Barrier in case work, 280-286

Legislation, Federal:
Agricultural, 76, 254, 256-257
Housing (proposed), 77
Mothers' Aid, 309
Pure Food Acts, 141
Restriction on Retail Trade, 141

Legislation, Foreign countries:
Government Grants, 264-265

Legislation, State:
Company stores, 120-121
Education, 159, 265-266
Home teacher, 236
Housing (proposed), 77
Mothers' Aid, 308
Pure Food Act, 141
Regulating banks, 113
Restriction on retail trade, 141
Wives' rights, 48-50

Lithuanians:
Child care, 155
Family problems, 26, 39-43, 51
Home ownership, 105-106
Housekeeping problems, 56, 58-59, 80, 107
Life insurance, 94
National Alliance, 94
Organizations, 191, 209-215, 326-327
Postal Savings circular, 112
Saving problem, 89-90
Spending habits
Clothing, 136
Diet changes, 130
Furniture, 135
Studied, 11

Lithuania:
Employment in, 89

Lithuanian Women's Alliance:
Organ, "Woman's Field," 212
Work, 209-214

Living:
Cost
In United States, 129
Lowering through co-operatives, 142
Standards, 286-289

Lodgers (_see_ Boarders)

Lowell, Massachusetts:
Classes for immigrant women, 259

Lusk, Graham, 133

M

Mahoney, John J., 267

Massachusetts:
Housing project--study in
Lowell, 8
North Billerica, 8
Legislation
Education--immigrant, 265-266
Mothers' Aid Laws, 308
Social worker in, 132

Massachusetts Bureau of Immigration, 267

Massachusetts Homestead Commission:
Experiment at Lowell, 75
Limited dividend company, 75

Massachusetts Immigration Commission, 223

Men:
Family
Legislation controlling, 48-50
Shopping by, 124-125
Nonfamily, housing, 23-24, 27-29

Menus, 333-341

Merchants, 118-119

Mexicans:
Boarders, 64
Civil status, 24
Study in Chicago, 11

Milwaukee, Wisconsin:
Case-work agencies, 283

Ministry of Reconstruction:
England
Housing recommendations, 68

Minneapolis, Minnesota:
Cost of living, 129

Money:
Immigrants' unfamiliarity, 88-91
Payment in lawful, 121-122

Morgan Park, Minnesota:
Illinois Steel Company houses, 72

Mothers, immigrant:
Aid law, 308
Assistants, 268-270
Child care, 150-151, 164-165, 172-174, 178-180, 247
Relation to family, 39-47

N

National Croatian Society:
Work of, 196-199

National Conference of Social Work, 310

Nebraska:
Rural community
Higher education in, 169

New Hampshire:
Manchester, study of infant mortality, 41

New Jersey:
Mothers' Aid Laws, 308
Yorkship Village (Study of Housing), 8

New Mexico:
Child labor, 38
Study of several towns, 8

New York City:
Case-work agencies, 283
Visiting housekeepers, 290, 295
Home Economics Bureau, 296
John Jay Dwellings, 70
Polish National Alliance, 202
Red Cross Chapters, 281

New York State Industrial Commission:
Study of earnings, 36-37

Norwegian:
Organizations, 327
Postal Savings circular, 112

O

Occupation:
Change in, 34-35

Ohio:
State University, 259

Owen, Robert, 310

P

Pana, Illinois:
Cost of living, 129

Parent:
Problem with children, 149-186

Paterson, New Jersey:
Case-work agencies, 283

Pennsylvania:
Company stores, 120
Infant mortality, Johnstown, 41, 64
Italians, 12
Mining communities, 8
Mothers' Aid Laws, 308

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
Case-work agencies, 283
Red Cross Chapter, 281

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
Case-work agencies, 283
Visiting housekeepers, 290

Playground:
Inadequate provision, 158

Poland:
House in, 55-56

Polish:
Building and loan associations, 77
Child care, 4, 162, 163, 183-184
Commercial co-operatives, 123
Family relationships, 21-23, 33, 34, 53
Home ownership, 105, 107
Housekeeping problems, 54, 59, 80
In Chicago, 11
Rolling Prairie, Indiana, 11
In industry, 40-41
Life insurance, 94
Newspaper
Dziennik Zwaizkowy, 204
Organizations, 201-209, 327-329
Postal Savings circular, 112
Recreation, 158
Saving problems, 93, 96, 102
Spending habits, 122-123
Clothing, 136
Diet changes, 130
Vocational Guidance, 299-300

Polish National Alliance:
Organs, 204
Women's department, 203-207
Work, 94, 201-203

Polish Women's Alliance, 201, 207-209

Portuguese:
Postal Savings circular, 112

Postal Savings banks, 111-115

Postal Saving Law
(proposed) Amendment, 76, 113

Pratt Institute, 290

Punishment:
Methods, 155-156

R

Ralph, Georgia G., 200

Recreation:
Agencies, 272-276
Benefit societies, 197
Juvenile, 157-159, 176, 177

Richmond, Mary Ellen, 281

Rochester, New York:
Red Cross Chapter, 281

Rolling Prairie, Indiana:
Child labor, 38-39
Co-operative county project, 261
School attendance, 162

Roman Catholic Union of America (Polish), 201

Roosevelt, Theodore, viii

Rumanians:
Home ownership, 106
Organization, 191

Russell Sage Foundation, 200

Russian:
Child care, 163, 165, 172, 179
Family problems, 23, 38, 46-47
Home ownership, 106
Housekeeping problems, 59, 80
In Chicago, 3, 11
Organization, 95, 191, 329-330
Postal Savings banks, 112
Saving problems, 103
Spending habits, 122
Diet changes, 130

S

St. Paul, Minnesota:
Cost of living, 129

Sanitation:
Instruction 80-84

Saving:
Problem, 85-116

Scandinavian:
Life insurance, 94

Schools, private:
Selection by parents, 159-160

Schools, public:
Elementary
Parents' relationship, 159-169, 180, 253
Immigrant
Relation to home, 230-238
Co-operation with agencies, 240-243

Schools:
Rural
Attendance, 162

Serbia:
Customs, 174

Serbians:
Home ownership, 106
Spending habits, 122

Serbo-Croatian:
Dvorak Park, 273-274
Housekeeping problems, 64
Postal Savings circular, 112

Settlements:
Relation to homes, 50, 239-240, 273-276

Sickness:
Incentive for saving, 86, 92

Slingerland, R., 200

Slovaks:
Child care, 164, 171, 176-177
Home ownership, 105, 107
Organizations, 330
Postal Savings circular, 112
Spending habits, 122
Studied, 11

Slovenian:
Child care, 171
Family problems, 20
Home ownership, 106
Menus, 340-341
Postal Savings circular, 112
Spending habits, 122
Studied, 11
Women in industry, 40

Smith-Hughes Act, 256-257

Smith-Lever Act, 254

Social Workers:
Relation to immigrant spending habits, 132, 140

Society for Care of Croatian Orphans, 201

South Chicago, Illinois:
Church, 97

Spanish:
Postal Savings circular, 112

Spending:
Immigrant problems, 117-148

Springfield, Illinois:
Case-work agencies
Visiting housekeepers, 290

Staunton, Illinois:
Co-operative store, 145

Stamford, Connecticut:
Case-work agencies, 282-283
Visiting housekeepers, 290

State Immigration Commission, 267

Steubenville, Ohio:
Cost of living, 129

Stores:
Company, 67-69
Co-operative, 141-143
In Staunton, Illinois, 145
Immigrant, 122-123, 126, 144

Syracuse Home Bureau:
Work
Projects, 260-261

Swedish:
Organizations, 331
Postal Savings circular, 112

T

Teacher Training:
Work with immigrant women, 248-254

Teachers:
Home, in California, 236-237

Thomas, W. I., 136

Thomas and Znaniecki:
Letters from Polish Peasant, 21-22, 85-86, 161

Thompson, Frank V., 231

Thrift:
Government campaign, 87, 114

Topeka, Kansas:
Social work agencies, 281

Trade Union Label League, 141

"Tribe of Ben Hur," 195

U

Ukrainians:
Alliance, 122
Child care, 165
Family problems, 20, 33
In Chicago, 11, 50
Sun, West Virginia, 12
Organizations, 331-332
Postal Savings circular, 112
Savings problems, 90-92
Spending habits, 122-123
Diet changes, 130
Women in industry, 40

Ukrainian Women's Alliance:
Organ, 216
Purpose, 215-216

United Charities:
Case work, 281, 283
In Chicago, 8

United States Housing Corporation:
Plan for copartnership ownership, 78

United States Immigration Commission:
Reports studied, 6
Company stores, 120-121
Earning, 36
Housing, 60-61

United States Steel Corporation:
Houses, 80

United States Treasury Department:
Thrift campaign, 87, 114
War Risk Bureau, 310

Universities:
Ohio State, 259
Purdue, 261

V

Veblen, Thorstein B., 136

Visiting Dietitians:
Modifying diets, 133
Training, 248-252

Virginia:
Hilton Village
Housing project, 8

Visiting Housekeepers:
Agencies, 286, 289-298
Modifying diets, 133

Voll, John A., viii

W

War, 35, 36, 187-188, 202-203

Waterbury, Connecticut:
Case-work agencies, 283

Wedding customs, 99-100, 102-103
Dowry, 86

West Virginia:
Legislation on company store, 121
Study of
Mining communities, 8
Ukrainians, 12

Williams, Talcott, viii

Wilmington, Delaware:
Cost of living, 129

Women:
Croatian, 198
Education, 234-236, 240-243, 265-266
Employment, 65
Family relationships, 47-53
Lithuanian organizations, 209
Polish organizations, 201-209
Ukrainian organizations, 215-216

Women's Co-operative Guild, 148

Wood, E. E., 67, 75-77

Woodmen of the World, 195

Worcester, Massachusetts:
Case-work agencies
Visiting housekeepers, 290

Wright, Helen R., xvii

Y

Yiddish:
Postal Savings circular, 112

Y. W. C. A.:
Health campaign, 140
International Institute, 7, 31, 230, 237, 243-248

THE END

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes:

Obvious printer's errors were repaired.

Hyphenation variants in the original were retained.

Appendix: [vc] is a "c" with a caron, [vs] is an "s" with a caron.