Chapter VI: POLAR EQUIPMENTS page 37-46

1. Past experience to be consulted.—2. The commander.—3.
Selection of the crew.—4. Discipline and pay.—5. The best men to
be obtained.—6. Special qualifications.—7. The medical man.—8. An
artist or photographer desirable.—9. Old ideas of equipment.—10.
The greatest possible comfort necessary.—11. A table of the
sizes of the vessels in various expeditions.—12. The best kind
of ships.—13. The allowance of food.—14. Spirituous liquors.—15.
The ship becomes a house in the winter.—16. The quarters of
the men.—17. Lamps and candles.—18. Clothing of the crew.—19.
Instruments and ammunition.—20. The cost of different expeditions.

_THE PIONEER VOYAGE OF THE ISBJÖRN_ _page_ 49-69

1. A pioneer expedition resolved on.—2, 3. Route to the east
of Spitzbergen.—4. The _Isbjörn_ chartered for the service.—5.
Attempts to gain information on the probable state of the ice.—6.
An unfavourable ice-year predicted.—7. The expedition leaves
Tromsoe.—8. The coast of Norway described.—9. The _Isbjörn_ in
the ice.—10. Seeking a harbour.—11. Cape Look-out.—12. Two ships
met with.—13. In the ice.—14. The return to the ice-barrier.—15.
The geological formation of the western coast.—16. Arrive at Hope
Island.—17. Ice disappeared.—18. Whales abound.—19. Splendid
effects of colour.—20. In a sea.—21. A run along the west coast
of Novaya Zemlya.—22. Storms compel us to keep to sea.—23. Object
of the voyage.—24. The Austro-Hungarian Expedition of 1872.-25.
The plan of the Austro-Hungarian Expedition.

_VOYAGE OF THE “TEGETTHOFF.”_

CHAPTER I.

FROM BREMERHAVEN TO TROMSOE _page_ 73-77

1. The qualities requisite for a Polar navigator.—2. The crew of
the _Tegetthoff_—3. The _Tegetthoff_ lifts her anchor.—4. The
vessel.—5. Crossing the sea.—6. The languages spoken on board the
_Tegetthoff_.—7. The officers and crew of the _Tegetthoff_.—8.
Arrive at Tromsoe.—9. The first and last voyage of the
_Tegetthoff_ begins.

CHAPTER II.

ON THE FROZEN OCEAN _page_ 78-92

1. Within the frozen ocean.—2. The sea of Novaya Zemlya.—3. We
continue our course by steam.—4. The decay of ice.—5. Effects
of light.—6. We meet the _Isbjörn_.—8-10. The Barentz Islands
described by Professor Höfer.—11. Preparations for future
contests with the ice.—12. Inclosed in the land-ice.—13. We
celebrate the birthday of Francis Joseph I.—14. Our prospects do
not improve.—15. The _Tegetthoff_ finally beset.

CHAPTER III.

DRIFTING IN THE NOVAYA ZEMLYA SEAS _page_ 93-100

1. Winter begins.—2. The impossibility of reaching the coast of
Siberia.—3. Unsuccessful efforts to get free.—4. The name-day of
the Emperor Francis Joseph I.—5. Encounters with polar bears.—6.
A “snow-finch” visits the ship.—7. Novaya Zemlya recedes
gradually from our gaze.

CHAPTER IV.

THE “TEGETTHOFF” FAST BESET IN THE ICE _page_ 101-113

1. Signs indicate the insecurity of our position.—2. A dreadful
Sunday.—3. We make ready to abandon the ship.—4. The dogs.—5.
We return to the ship.—6. We drift in the Frozen Sea.—7. Our
alarms.—8. Our constant state of readiness to meet destruction.

CHAPTER V.

OUR FIRST WINTER (1872) IN THE ICE _page_ 114-125

1. Surrounded by deep twilight.—2. Our preparations for
winter.—3. The difficulty of sledge-travelling.—4. Sumbu mistaken
for a fox—5. The rending of the ice.—6. Our short expeditions.—7.
The continual threatening of the ice.—8. A bear shot.—9. The
effect of the long Polar night.—10. The middle of the long
night.—11. Christmas feasts.—12. The first hour of the new
year.—13. The dogs allowed in the cabin.—14. Carlsen writes in
the log-book.

CHAPTER VI.

LIFE ON BOARD THE “TEGETTHOFF” _page_ 126-138

1. The _Tegetthoff_ covered with snow.—2. The excessive
condensation of moisture.—3. The destruction of the snow wall.—4.
The removal of the tent roof.—5. The stove of Meidingen of
Carlsruhe.—6. The arrangements of the officers’ mess-room.—7.
Those who occupied the mess-room.—8. Our meals.—9. Divine service
on deck.—10. After dinner.—11. The monotony of our life.—12.
After supper.—13. Middendorf contrasting the influence of climate
on men.—14. Our sanitary condition.—15. Baths.—16. Passages from
my journal.—17. A school instituted.

CHAPTER VII.

ICE-PRESSURES _page_ 139-142

1. Preparations for leaving the ship.—2. Extracts from journal.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE WANE OF THE LONG POLAR NIGHT _page_ 143-148

1. The light increases.—2. A bear hunt.—3. Table of the course of
the _Tegetthoff_.—4. Throw out bottles inclosing an account of
the events of the expedition.

CHAPTER IX.

THE RETURN OF LIGHT.—THE SPRING OF 1873 _page_ 149-161

1. The sunrise.—2. Our first look at each other.—3. Visits
from bears.—4. The carnival.—5. Continual fall of snow.—6.
Return of birds.—7. Ill health of Dr. Kepes.—8. Bear shot.—9.
A road constructed.—10. Reading without artificial light.—11.
Accumulation of rubbish round the ship.—12. Begin to dig out the
ship.—13. Surprised by bears.—14. Our hopes to reach Siberia.—15.
Snow continues to fall.—16. Visited by birds.—17. The steam
machinery put in working order.—18. A partial eclipse of the
sun.—19. Birth of four Newfoundland puppies.

CHAPTER X.

THE SUMMER OF 1873 _page_ 162-172

1. Decay of the walls of the ice.—2. The blaze of light on clear
days.—3. Our constant digging.—4. Continual sinking of the
ship.—5. Nothing but ice.—6. Short expeditions.—7. Feast on the
birthday of the Emperor.—8. Table showing our change of place.—9.
Some paragraphs from the Admiral’s report of the _Tegetthoff_—10.
Sounding the depth of the sea.

CHAPTER XI.

NEW LANDS _page_ 173-177

1. Seal-hunting.—2. Sunset at midnight.—3. The second summer
gone.—4. Land at last.—5. Kaiser Franz-Josef’s Land.—6.
Hochstetter Island.

CHAPTER XII.

THE AUTUMN OF 1873.—THE STRANGE LAND VISITED _page_ 178-184

1. Autumn of 1873.—2. Resolve to abandon the vessel.—3. Daylight
begins to fail.—4. Everything in readiness to leave the ship.—5.
Wilczek Island.—6. Our joy at reaching land.—7. Exploring the
island.—8. An expedition.—9. The silence of Arctic Regions.—10.
The island continues a mystery.

CHAPTER XIII.

OUR SECOND WINTER IN THE ICE _page_ 185-198

1. Night begins to reign.—2. Leisure for study.—3. Complete
darkness.—4. Continual fall of snow.—5. The middle of the second
Polar night.—6. Ill temper of the dogs.—7. The dogs.—8. Pekel,
Sumbu, and Jubinal.—9. Christmas time.—10. Our life in the
ship.—11. Improvement in health.—12. Scurvy.

CHAPTER XIV.

SUNRISE OF 1874 _page_ 199-201

1. Return of the moon.—2. Sun appears above the horizon.—3.
Lieutenant Weyprecht and I resolve to abandon the ship after the
sledge journeys.

CHAPTER XV.

THE AURORA _page_ 202-210

1. The northern lights.—2-4. The appearance of the aurora.—5. The
influence on the magnetic needle.—6. Description of the aurora by
Lieutenant Weyprecht.

_THE SLEDGE JOURNEYS._

CHAPTER I.

THE EXPLORATION OF KAISER FRANZ-JOSEF LAND RESOLVED ON _page_ 213-215

1. Necessity of exploration.—2. Plan of the sledge journeys.—3.
Eagerness to begin.—4. Illness of Krisch.

CHAPTER II.

OF SLEDGE TRAVELLING IN GENERAL _page_ 216-221

1. The sledge the best means of exploration.—2. The coast line
to be followed.—3. Best season for sledging.—4. State of the
snow-road.—5. The formation of depôts.—6. Sledges dragged by men
and dogs—7. Sledging best performed by dogs.—8. The instruments
required on a sledge journey.

CHAPTER III.

THE EQUIPMENT OF A SLEDGE EXPEDITION _page_ 222-234

1. The equipment of a sledge.—2. Construction of our sledges.—3.
The cooking apparatus.—4. Fuel.—5. Tents used at night.—6.
The sleeping bag.—7. Arms and ammunition.—8. Chest for
instruments, &c.—9, 10, 11. The provisions.—12. Boats in sledge
expeditions.—13. Articles of clothing.—14. Furs.—15. Covering for
the feet.—16. Drawing the sledge.

CHAPTER IV.

THE FIRST SLEDGE JOURNEY _page_ 235-245

1. Qualities of a leader.—2. Object of our first expedition.—3.
My party.—4. We begin our journey.—5. Violent motion of the
ice.—6. Conduct of the dogs.—7. Death of the bear.—8. The driving
snow.—9. Reach the plateau of Cape Tegetthoff.—10. Ascending
the plateau.—11. Night in the sleeping bag.—12. Difficulty of
dragging the sledge.—13. Ascend a mountain, Cape Littrow.

CHAPTER V.

THE COLD _page_ 246-257

1. The Sonklar glacier.—2. Effect of cold.—3. The frightful
cold of North America.—4. Effect of low temperature on the
human frame.—5. The voice in cold weather.—6. Hardness of
everything.—7. Effect of cold on the senses.—8. Protection
against cold.—9. Danger of frost-bite.—10. Thirst.—11. A block of
snow.—12. Return to the ship.—13. Death of Krisch.

CHAPTER VI.

A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF KAISER FRANZ-JOSEF LAND _page_ 258-270

1. Size of the country.—2. Surface of ice.—3. Map of the
country.—4. Naming of discoveries.—5. Comparison of Arctic
lands.—6. The existence of volcanic formations.—7, 8. Geology
of Franz-Josef Land.—9. Glaciers of Spitzbergen.—10. Ice of
Franz-Josef Land.—11. Temperature of the air.—12. The plasticity
of the glaciers.—13. North-east of Greenland and Siberia.—14.
The vegetation.—15. Finding drift-wood.—16. Impossibility of
inhabiting Franz-Josef Land.—17. The absence of animal life.—18.
Seals abound.—19. Species of fish seen.—20. Birds.—21. The
collection of Dr. Kepes.

CHAPTER VII.

THE SECOND SLEDGE EXPEDITION.—AUSTRIA SOUND _page_ 271-294

1. Plan of second expedition.—2. Danger of leaving the ship.—3.
Visited by bears.—4. Our preparations finished.—5. The sledge
party.—6. Our march.—7. Torossy wounded by a bear.—8. Danger of
frost-bite.—9. Arrive at Cape Frankfurt.—10. The configuration
of the country.—11. We penetrate to Cape Hansa.—12. A bear
killed.—13. I examine the beach.—14. Loss of the dog Sumbu.—15.
Easter Sunday.—16. Approach of a bear.—17. Our canvas boots worn
out.—18. We reach Becker Island.—19. We lose a bear.—20. Direct
our course towards Cape Rath.—21. A bear shot.—22. Difficulty of
advancing.—23. We arrive at Cape Schrötter.

CHAPTER VIII.

IN THE EXTREME NORTH _page_ 295-313

1. We ascend the summit of the Dolerite Rock.—2. Our expedition
to the extreme north.—3. We divide the provisions.—4. The merits
of our dogs.—5. Klotz has to return.—6. Zaninovich and the
sledge fall into a crevasse.—7. Reach Cape Habermann.—8. Cape
Brorock.—9. The enormous flocks of birds.—10. Difficulty of
travelling.—11. Cape Säulen.—12. Reach Cape Germania.—13. Cape
Fligely.—14. We plant the Austro-Hungarian flag.—15. Document
inclosed in a bottle.

CHAPTER IX.

THE RETURN TO THE SHIP _page_ 314-335

1. Our return journey.—2. Observations of temperature.—3.
Snow-blindness.—4. A bear shot.—5. Reach Cape Hellwald.—6.
Orel continues to march southwards.—7. Reach Cape Tyrol.—8.
Grandeur of the scenery.—9. Find our companions.—10. We sink
in the snow.—11. Arrive at open sea.—12. Over the glaciers of
Wilczek Land.—13. Enveloped in whirling snow.—14. Digging out
our depôt.—15. The difficulty of advancing.—16. Reach Schönau
Island.—17. I find the ship.—18. The ship in our absence.

CHAPTER X.

THE THIRD SLEDGE JOURNEY _page_ 336-340

1. Our wish to explore Franz-Josef Land.—2. We leave the
ship.—3. The dogs and the bears.—4. A bear killed.—5. Ascent of
the pyramid-like Cape Brünn.—6. The extreme difficulty of the
ascent.—7. Return to the ship.

_THE “TEGETTHOFF” ABANDONED.—RETURN TO EUROPE._

CHAPTER I.

LAST DAYS ON THE “TEGETTHOFF” _page_ 343-347

1. “Plundering the ship.”—2. Appearance of the ship.—3. Short
expeditions.—4. Rapid decrease of the cold.—5. The boats and
their contents.—6. The dogs, Gillis and Semlja, shot.—7. Our
stock of clothes.—8. Our plan of escape.