Chapter XI: Hanoverian Period (5)

For government to offer encouragement to ale-houses, is to act the
part of a _felo de se_. Nor ought the public ever to be lulled
into an acquiescence by the flattering bait of immediate gain,
which ere long they would be obliged to _pay back to paupers, in
relief, with a heavy interest_.

Half a century before, the historian Smollett (v. 15) had remarked:--

After all it must be owned that the good and salutary effects of
the prohibition were visible in every part of the kingdom, and no
evil consequence ensued _except a diminution of the revenue_ in
this article [spirits], a consideration which ought at all times to
be sacrificed to the health and morals of the people.

And nearly half a century before Smollett, John Disney (magistrate and divine) had written:--

I deny the assertion that the revenue of y^{e} crown will really be
impaired by prohibiting tipling & drunk^{ss}.... 3 parts in 4 of
the pore families in this kingdom have been reduced to want chiefly
by haunting Taverns or Ale-houses. Espec^{y} labouring men, who
very often consume there on the Lord’s day what they have gotten all
the week before, & let their families beg or steal for a subsistence
the week foll^{g}.... Now I suppose you will grant me that as the
No. of poor & ruined families encreases in a nation, the Prince that
governs must find a proportionable decay in his Revenue. On the
other side, all such laws duly executed as keep men by sobriety
temp^{ce} & frugality in a thriving condition, do most effectually
provide for the happiness of the people & for the riches of the
Prince.[252]

[Transcriber’s note: letters printed in ^{superscript} in the
original text are thus indicated.]

But there are symptoms of a decline in this source of revenue. A leading London daily paper has lately thus adverted to this momentous menace:--

Official statistics go far to confirm the triumphant claim of total
abstainers that the consumption of strong drink is falling off
at a rate not distasteful to the philanthropist, but suggesting
grave reflection to a Chancellor of the Exchequer. The receipts
from beer, wines, and spirits have been estimated in all recent
budgets at nearly thirty millions sterling a year, if we add to
the excise the customs duties derived from foreign spirits; and,
as this amount is considerably more than a third of the entire
revenue, any causes that impair its growth or make it decline
are of serious importance to the nation. That the revenue from
excise is not increasing, but is actually falling behind, despite
the change from a malt tax to a beer duty, is indisputable. That
temperance habits have made prodigious strides in the last few
years is also beyond question. Do the two changes stand to each
other in the relation of effect to cause? In other words, is
less of beer, spirits, wine consumed because there is a want of
inclination, or is it from want of ability? Partly from the latter
influence, there is little doubt. Total abstinence is popular
with many because it is an aid to health; with others because
it is the handmaid of morality and thrift; self-denying persons
practise it because it sets an excellent example; and multitudes
like it as it is economical.... In so far, then, as the need for
retrenchment is one cause of reduced consumption of strong drink,
a change in habit and in fashion might be expected to come with
increased material prosperity. The nation ‘drank itself out of the
Alabama difficulty’ in the exuberant days which saw Mr. Lowe at the
Exchequer; and it may yet again take to tippling so heartily as to
enable Mr. Childers to dispense with a portion of the income-tax.
At present, however, there is not the faintest symptom of this;
all the indications point in the other direction. Temperance and
total abstinence march from one conquest to another, blessed by
bishops, clergy, and even princes of the Christian Churches,
patronised by doctors, eulogised by hard-headed men of business,
and gathering in everywhere crowds of enthusiastic converts.
The movement is sweeping over the nation in an unchecked tide,
acquiring force as it goes, and inaugurating not change merely,
but social revolution.... Such changes, needless to repeat, bode
no good to the English Chancellor Exchequer, who has to sit idly
contemplating the gradual running dry of more than one tributary
rill, which he is at his wits’ end to replenish from other sources,
or to replace by a more reproductive substitute. Perhaps it is too
soon to moralise over the passing event, but it will be impossible
long to postpone action, and to rest content with mere discussion.
If the change we now witness is going to be permanent, that is, if
the crusade on behalf of abstinence from strong drink is to proceed
with redoubled success next year, Mr. Childers will not only he
unable to make any allowance for an elastic growth of the excise
receipts, but he will have to prepare for a diminution.

Had the coming event cast its shadow before? Isaac Disraeli long ago predicted a _return_ to sobriety. We shall probably (said he) outlive that custom of hard drinking, which was so long one of our national vices.

Everyone devoutly longs for such a _terminus ad quem_. But _were_ the former days really better than these? Could we devoutly desire a _return_ to any social era of the past? A pre-Elizabethan dietetic millennium is a retrospective mirage. It was a phantom of the historian Camden, which the elder Disraeli, and others in his wake, have endeavoured to stereotype. Granted, that nations, like individuals, are imitators; granted, that the English in their long wars in the Netherlands learnt to drown themselves in immoderate drinking, and by drinking others’ healths to impair their own; still it is _not_ true that in those wars they ‘first’ learnt such excess, and it is _not_ true that ‘of all the northern nations, they had been before this most commended for their sobriety.’ For at least one thousand years before the Netherland wars, Britain had been stigmatised for intemperance. Gildas had called attention in the sixth century to the fact that laity and clergy slumbered away their time in drunkenness.

S. Boniface (a native of Britain) in the eighth century had written to Cuthbert respecting the vice of drunkenness: ‘This is an evil peculiar to pagans and _our_ race. Neither the Franks, nor the Gauls, nor the Lombards, nor the Romans, nor the Greeks, commit it.’ We have already noticed that the conquest of the English by the Normans has been attributed especially to the then prevailing habit of intemperance: that in the following century John of Salisbury could write: ‘Habits of drinking have made the English famous among all foreign nations.’ How then could the Elizabethan town-wit, Tom Nash, write: ‘Superfluity in drink is a sin that ever since we have mixed ourselves with the Low Countries is counted honourable; but before we knew their lingering wars, was held in that highest degree of hatred that might be’?[253]

No. It is a long story; and three centuries do not compass it. But a better tone is beginning to prevail, which augurs well for a time when abuse being buried in the hansard dust of oblivion, man may not hesitate to use the gifts which a gracious Father has given His children to enjoy.

FOOTNOTES:

[206] _England in the Eighteenth Century_, i. 479.

[207] See Pratt: _Flowering Plants_, vol. v. Also, Larwood: _History of Signboards_.

[208] John Byrom’s _Journal_, published by the Chetham Society.

[209] For the condition of the working classes, and the pauperism of the time, see Defoe’s _Giving Alms no Charity_.

[210] In 1713, Dr. Browne, Bishop of Cork, delivered a discourse to the clergy of his diocese, against drinking in remembrance of the dead, which he published in pamphlet form. This was followed by a second pamphlet, wherein he refuted charges that his critics had made, to the effect that he was actuated by a spirit of hostility to the memory of William III., it being well known that the Bishop was an extreme Tory, and he had laid particular stress on the prevalent custom of drinking to the ‘Immortal Memory of William III.’ This again excited considerable adverse criticism; and in 1716 Dr. Browne launched forth a somewhat exhaustive _Discourse of Drinking Healths_. But though he handles his theme very ably, the tract is no more than a concise epitome of the arguments and authorities used by the Puritan writers of the previous century. It has been stated that the bishop did not make many converts by his brochures: that, on the contrary, the custom of drinking to William’s ‘immortal memory’ increased, and that to the original form of the toast was tacked on a scurrilous expression indicative of the extreme contempt in which the author of the diatribes was held.[211]

[211] The writer has made use of his own little work entitled _The History of Toasting_.

[212] Roger North’s _Life of Lord-Keeper Guildford_.

[213] _Parliamentary Report on Drunkenness_, p. 173.

[214] _English Commons Journal_, xxii.

[215] Selected from the speeches cited in the valuable Prize Essay of Dr. Lees.

[216] Selected from the speeches cited in the valuable Prize Essay of Dr. Lees.

[217] James Smith: _The Upas in Marybone Lane_.

[218] Mrs. Delany’s _Correspondence_, vi. 158 (cited by Lecky).

[219] Macaulay’s Essay on _Walpole’s Letters to Sir Horace Mann_.

[220] Scott: _Memoirs of Swift_.

[221] _A Treatise upon the Modes_, 1715.

[222] See Thackeray: _English Humourists_.

[223] Robert Druitt, _Report on Cheap Wines_.

[224] Roberts, _Social Hist. of Southern Counties_.

[225] By Joseph Haslewood.

[226] From _The Fortress_, a drama, 1807.

[227] Macaulay, _Comic Dramatists of the Restoration_.

[228] It may be mentioned that in the _seventeenth century drunkenness was prescribed by some physicians_. ‘Quant au profit qui en peut venir (i.e. drunkenness), outre les diarrhées et renversemens d’estomac qui en procèdent, et qui font souvent de très-utiles purgations (ce qui est en partie cause que quelques médecins prescrivent ces débauches une fois le mois),’ &c. &c. (_Dialogue par o. Tubero_ [_i.e._ Mothe Le Vayer], édit. Francfort, 1716, 12mo, tome ii. p. 158.)

[229] Lees. _Prize Essay._

[230] Huish, _Memoirs of George IV._

[231] _Ib._

[232] Dr. Dawson Burns.

[233] Dawson Burns.

[234] This account is taken from Lees, _Prize Essay_.

[235] Lees, _Prize Essay_.

[236] Winskill. _Temp. Reformation._

[237] Samuelson. _Hist. of Drink._

[238] Ellison; _The Church Temperance Movement_.

[239] The impulse to this action was given by the clerical memorial to the bishops on intemperance in 1876, in which Prebendary Grier had the principal hand. The memorial was signed by 13,584 of the clergy.

[240] I am indebted for this summary to Mr. Winskill’s _Comprehensive History of the Temperance Reformation_.

[241] Emerson. _Complete Works_, i. 273.

[242] G. A. Sala. _Paris Herself Again._

[243] H. T. Buckle. _Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works_, vol. i. pp. 159, 160.

[244] _The Great Metropolis_, 1836.

[245] John Dunlop. _The Philosophy of Artificial and Compulsory Drinking Usage_, 1839.

[246] C. T. Thackrah, _Effects of the Principal Arts, Trades, and Professions_, p. 83.

[247] Alton Locke, 1850.

[248] _Men of the Time_, 1875.

[249] A life of this remarkable man is preparing for the press, undertaken by a well-known scientist and author, who was his personal friend and admirer.

[250] This subject is well handled by W. J. Conybeare in his _Essays Ecclesiastical and Social_, pp. 429, &c.

[251] The names of such as Dr. B. W. Richardson, Sir H. Thompson, Sir A. Clarke, Dr. Carpenter, Dr. Edmunds, Dr. Kerr, Dr. Heslop, Dr. Crespi, will at once recur.

[252] Disney, _View of Ancient Laws against Immorality and Prophaneness_. Camb. 1729.

[253] T. Nash, _Pierce Pennilesse_, 1595 (cited in I. Disraeli’s _Curiosities of Lit._).

INDEX.

Aberdare, Lord, 368

Abingdon, 21

Adam and Eve, the, 323

Addison, J., 256

Adulteration, 206, 259, 362, 384

Æppelwin, 23

Agapæ, 116

Aix, Council of, 29

Albemarle, Duke of, 229

Alchemy, 67

Alcohol, 67

Alcuin, 29

Aldrich, Dean, 243

Ale, 4, 21, 22, 46, 88, 97, 116, 209, 223

-- conners, 114

-- house, see ‘Tavern’

Alembic, 67

Ales, 81, 153

Ale-stake, 85, 115

Aleppo, 215

Alfred, King, 30, 33

Alfric, see ‘Elfric’

Algrade, 91

Alicant, 67, 170, 206, 235

Alliance, United Kingdom, 36

Amabile vinum, 155

Angel, the, 215, 265

Angel’s food, 148

Anjou, wines of, 78

Anne, Queen, 250

Anselm, 36, 61, 62

Anstruther, Sir R., 368

Antioche, 91

Ape-drunk, 152

Aqua vitæ, 143

Aquitaine, 107

Arabians, 68

Arbuthnot, 250

-- Sir W., 343

Ardan, bishop, 30

Armstrong, J., 307

Aromatics, 92

Arpents, 58

Ars bibendi, 187, 218

Arthour, Romance of, 23

Ascham, Roger, 158

Assay, 121

Assheton, Dr. W., 244

Athelstan, 35

Athenæum, the, 313

Auxerre, wine of, 79

Avranches, Henry of, 85

Bacharach, 221

Bagford, John, 21

Band of Hope, 382

Banquets, 8

Barbauld, Mrs., 263

Barry, Sir E., 341

Bastard wine, 90, 120, 170

Beakers, 187

Beaulieu, 79

Beaumont, 151, 167

Bede, 22, 25, 27

-- Cuthbert, 332

Bedford Arms, 320

Beer, 119, 224

Beerhouse Act, 345, 349

Bellarmines, 167

Bellasyse, Sir Henry, 240

Benedictines, 39

Bentley, Dr., 265

Beowulf, 11

Berkeley, Henry, 364

Betony, 46

Beveridge, Bishop, 269

Bid-ales, 81

Binding-Tuesday, 52

Birley, Mr. Hugh, 368

Bishop, 87

Blanche-Nef, 63

Bloodvessels, 310

Bloomfield, R., 329

Blue-ribbonism, 382

Boethius, 31

Bolingbroke, 294

Boniface, 27

Booth, Archbishop, 121

Bordeaux, 65, 66, 170

Boswell, 302

Bosworth, 130

Bracket, 147

Bradbury, Mr. E., 383

Brandy, 214, 223, 318

Brewery Company, 119

Bridal cup, 274

Bride ales, 81, 123, 124

-- bush, 123

-- stake, 123

-- wain, 123

Bridport, Giles de, 84

Bristol, 142

Brome, A., 196

Brook, 59

Brougham, Lord, 357

Brown, Tom, 245

Browne, Dr. Peter, 282

Brunswick Mum, 224

Buckle, Mr., 376

Bull and Butcher, 130

Burgh, James, 311

Burial ceremony, 274

Burleigh, Lord, 150

Burnet, Bishop, 141

Burns, 335, 377

Burns, Dr. D., 352, 361

Burton, R., 180

-- ale, 254

Bush, the sign of, 7, 198

Bute, Lord, 337

Butlerage, 88

Butler’s ale, 171

-- ‘Hudibras,’ 221

Buttered ale, 224

Buttery, 181

Button, 257

Buzzing, 318

Byron, 319

Cabarets, 209

Calves’ Head Club, 250, 312

Cambridge, 142

Cameron, Dr., 370

Canary, 67, 132, 165, 189, 235

Candia, 131, 170

Candle, wines sold by the, 223

Canterbury, 21, 45, 59, 142

Cantilupe, Walter of, 83

Caprike, 147

Cardinal, 87

Caritates, 39

Carlowitz, 171

Carlyle, 381

Carnarvon, Conference at, 358

Carouse, 90

Carpenter, Dr., 382

Carr, Dr. R., 245

Cartaret, Sir G., 227

-- Lord, 294

Catch and Glee Club, 342

Cate, 147

Catharine of Braganza, 231

Cavaliers, 213

Cecil, Robert, 150

Chablis, 222

Chamberlain, the scheme, 369

Champagne, 221, 252

Champion of England, 237

Chandos, Marquis of, 351

Chapter punch, 313

Charles I., 186, 200, 201, 313

-- II., 219, 233

-- V., 135

Charms, religious, 47

Charneco, 170

Chaucer, 41, 95

Chenetone, 58

Chequers, the, 115

Chertham, 59

Chester, 142

Chesterfield, 295

Chios, 131

Chocolate, 217

Christmas, 108, 253

-- wort, 47

Church, action of the, 37, 47, 83, 122, 129, 193

Church-ales, 81, 116

Churchill, C., 320

Church wort, 47

-- Temperance Society, 382

Cider, 4, 21, 23, 59, 86, 91, 209, 224, 311, 317

-- cellar, 326

-- tax, 338

Clamber-clown, 333

Claré, 23

Clarence, Duke of, 120

Clarendon, 201

Claret, 247

Clarke, Sir A., 382

Clarry, 29, 58, 77, 87, 92

Clear ale, 22

Clergy, their hospitality, 26

Clerk-ales, 81

Cloak, drunkard’s, 134, 218

Cloves-hoo, 28

Clubs, 151, 214, 249

Cockaigne, the land of, 89

Cock-ale, 333

Cock and Pynot, 240

Coffee, 215, 231, 241

Colchester, 142

Coldingham, 38

Coleridge, S. T., 321

Colin, Council of, 193

Collation, 39, 89

Collier, Jeremy, 238

Colton, 59

Comissationes, 8

Commons, select committee of, 361

Commonwealth, 209

Congiary, 210

Congreve, W., 277

Convocation Committee, 371

Conybeare, W. J., 382

Corbet, 161

Cordials, 91, 299, 346

Cornwall, Barry, 322

Costrel, 77

Coventry, the Lord keeper, 197

Cowen, Mr. J., 368

Cowley, 195

Cowper, 331

Crambo, 176

Crashaw, 202, 204

Credence, 122

Crespi, Dr. A., 382

Cromwell, 213

-- Thomas, 129

Crown and Sceptre, 274

Crown, the, 87, 125, 197, 316

Cruikshank, G., 381

Curfew, 88

Curmi, a drink made of barley, 2

Cuthbert, S., 27, 28, 64

Dagger ale, 147, 155

Danes, the, 36, 44, 47, 49, 58, 159

Darlington Registers, 207

Dashwood, Sir F., 337

David, St., Synod of, 17, 18

Decker, T., 175

Dedication, 40

De Foe, 242, 275

Dele, 67

Denmark, King of, 173

-- Prince George of, 255

Depression of spirits, 300

Disney, John, 268, 385

Disraeli, I., 387

Distillation, 67, 223, 292

Distilleries, 271

Distillery Act, 344

Domesday Book, 58, 59

Domitian, his restrictive edict, 6

Dorset beer, 225, 273

Dragon’s milk, 148

Dragon, the red, 130

Dram-drinkers, 311

Drum, the, 198

Drunkards, 219

Drunken Administration, 294

Drunkenness, 69, 118, 129, 138, 155, 178, 247, 317

-- punishment for, 184

Dryden, 233

Dunbar, W., 128

Dundas, 323

Dunlop, John, 379

Dunstan, 35, 37, 39, 61

D’Urfey, Tom, 132

Earle, Bishop, 198

Easter ales, 81, 116

Ebrietatis encomium, 330

Ecgbright, excerpts of, 27, 28, 29

Eden, Sir F., 384

Edgar, 35, 36, 39, 41

Edmund, Archbishop, 84

-- King, 34

Edmunds, Dr., 382

Edmundsbury, St., 60, 75

Edward (son of Edgar), 42

-- I., 86, 87

-- II., 88, 93, 94, 137

-- III., 107, 108

-- IV., 125

-- V., 125

-- VI., 141

Edwin, 26

Edwy, 34

Eldon, Lord Chancellor, 323

Elfric, 37

Elfrida, 42

Elia, Essays of, 322

Elizabeth, Queen, 145, 148

Elliott, Sir G., 315

Ellison, Canon, 367

Elphege, St., 45

Elveston, 116

Ely, 21, 120

-- Synod of, 84

Elyot, Sir T., 136

Emerson, Mr. R. W., 374

Encænia, 40

Entire, 273

Epiphany, 194

Ethelfleda, 35

Ethelred, 42, 44, 47

Ethelwold, 30

Etheridge, 223

Evelyn, 211

Everlasting Club, 214

Evesham, 60, 79

Exeter, 142

Exeter, Book of, 19

Exeter, synod of, 88

Fair-ease, 89

Falstaff, 113, 158

Fanshawe, Sir R., 196

Farquhar, 251

Feathers, the, 198

Fever, 318

Fines imposed, 22, 217

Flagon, 93, 187

Flambard, 62

Fleece, the Golden, 197

Fletcher, 151

-- of Saltoun, 242

Foresters, 82

Fox, C. J., 324

Fox-drunk, 153

Franklin, 278

Freeman, E. A., 54

French wine, 65

Friday, Good, 253

Frontignac, 222

Fulgentius, 38

Garhiofilac, 58, 87

Garnarde, 91

Garraway’s, 223

Gascoigne, George, 155

Gascony, 66, 67, 78, 90, 108, 109, 126, 142, 235

Gay, 276

Geneva, 275

Geoffrey Plantagenet, 72

George I., 271

-- II., 285

-- III., 313

-- IV., 315, 341

Gildas, 17

Gild-scipe, 53

Giles, St. (Reading), 52

Gilliflower sack, 332

Gillray, 326, 340

Gin Act, 287

Gin-drinking, 271, 293, 306

Giraldus Cambrensis, 68

Give-ales, 81, 123

Gladstone, Right Hon. W. E., 366

Glass-breaking, 219, 329

Globe, the, 198

Gloucester, 142

-- Vale of, 59

Glutton-masses, 123

Goat-drunk, 153

Gododin, 14

Goldsmith, O., 303

Googe, Barnabie, 168

Gothenburg system, 368, 369

Gough, R., the hoax played upon, 50

Grafol, 24

Grave-beer, 125

Greek wines, 91

Greene, R., 165

Gregory the Great, 25, 40

Greville, C., 315

Grier, Rev. Canon, 369

Grindrod, Dr., 218

Grocers’ licence, 339

Grog, 272

Grosseteste, Bishop, 83, 84

Guage, 86

Guest-house, 64, 109

Guienne, Duchy of, 65, 66, 126, 142

Guilds, 24, 53

Gunning, H., 316

Hafiz, 309

Hale, Sir Matthew, 239

Half-and-half, 272

Hall, Bishop, 181

Halling, 59, 93

Halliwell-Phillips, J. O., 49

Hampson, Sir G., 349

Hanten, 58

Hardicanute, 49

Hardwicke House, 201

Harold, 44

Harris, Dr. R., 218

Harrison, William, 144

Harsnet, Archbishop, 206

Hart, the White, 198

Hastings, battle of, 54

Hawkins, Sir W., 260

Hawthorn bush, 130

Hazlitt, 321

Healths, see ‘Toastings’

Help-ales, 81

Henry I., 61-63

-- II., 66-73

-- III., 85

-- IV., 111

-- V., 113

-- VI., 119

-- VII., 126, 129

-- VIII., 130, 133, 220

Herbert, G., 181

Hereditary drunkenness, 172

Hereford, 142

Hereward, 57

Herrick, 193

Hervey, Lord, 289

Heslop, Dr., 382

Heywood, 143, 186, 197

Higden, H., 243

Hippocras, 29, 58, 91, 170

Hob-nob, 48

Hock, 171, 222

Hockamore, 221

Hock-day, 46, 50, 53

Hock-tide, 177

Hogarth, 305, 320

Holeburne, 58

Holidays, 137

Holland, Lady, 323

Hollands, 241

Hollingburn, 59

Hollocke, 155

Honey, 92

Hook, Theodore, 320

Hops, 119, 133, 208

Horkey, 330

Horn, the, 198

Hospitia, 64

Hostle, 187

Howell’s Letters, 158, 208

Huff-cap, 147

Hugmatee, 333

Hull, 142

Humpty-dumpty, 333

Hungary, wine of, 171

Huntingdon brewery, 213

-- county feast, 254

Hunt, Leigh, 323

Hydromel, 3, 332

Ine, laws of, 23

Ingelow, Jean, 175

Innkeepers, 197

Innocent III., 79

Inns, 5, 87, 109

Intemperance, 2, 8

Ipswich, 142

Islep, Archbishop, 122

Jacks, 186

Jacobites, Songs of, 249

James I., 158, 170

-- II., 236

Jeffries, Judge, 240

John Baptist, St., 48, 116

John, King, 79, 80

John of Salisbury, 57, 68

Johnson, Dr. S., 195, 299

Jonson, Ben, 81, 151, 161, 165, 166

Jorevin, M., 210

‘Judith,’ an Anglo-Saxon poem, 19

Justices of the Peace, 127, 137, 142, 146

Katharine of Arragon, 92

Kenilworth, 148

Kentish ale, 130

Kerr, Dr. Norman, 382

Kethe, W., 118, 154

King’s Head, 131, 197

Kingsley, C., 380

Kingston-upon-Thames, 118

Kirkham, Walter de, 83

Kit-cat, 250

Knight, Charles, 345

Knitting cup, 124

Knock-me-down, 333

Lamb, Charles, 176, 321

Lamb-ales, 81

Lambarde, W., 60

Lambeth, 49

Lambswool, 72, 148

Lanfranc, 56

Langton, Archbishop, 84

Laud, 200

‘Lawn sleeves,’ 87

Lawrence, S. (Reading), 51

Lawson, Sir W., 371, 383

League of the Holy Cross, 382

Leet-ales, 81

Legislation, 36, 78, 184, 185, 337, 357

Leicester, Countess of, 90

Leicester, Earl of, 148, 158

Lesbos, 131

Licensing, 183, 185, 206, 219, 344

Liebig, 377

Lincoln, 142

Lindsay, Sir David, 136

Liquamen, 38

Liveries, 111

Llywarch, Hên., 16

Local option, 371

London, 142

London ale, 96, 97

Long beards, 167

Lonsdale, Lord, 289

Lords’ committee, 293

Loseley manuscripts, 135

Lydgate, John, 119

Lyon-drunk, 152

Macaulay, Lord, 225, 228, 237, 255

Mad dog, 148

Magee, Bishop, 375

Malaga, 132

Malmsey, 67, 121, 126, 131, 189

Malt, 88, 93, 145, 338

Malt-worms, 180

Malvesie, 120

Mapes, Walter, 69

March ale, 148, 264

Marisco, Richard de, 83

Marlowe, 165

Marmion, Shakerly, 167

Marriage ceremony, 274

Martin, St., 59, 73

Martin-drunk, 153

Mary, St. (Reading), 52

Mary, Queen, 143

Maudlen-drunk, 152

May games, 85

Maypole, 85

Mazarine, Duchess of, 229

Mazers, 124, 186

Mead, 3, 15, 21, 22, 30

Mead-mowings, 312

Mermaid, the, 151

Metheglin, 3, 4, 209, 225

Methuin treaty, 250

Michael, St., 44, 48

Midsummer-ales, 81, 312

Mild ale, 22

Mill, John Stuart, 373

Milton, 202, 203

Minstrels, 149

Misericord, 39

Misson, M., 248

Mites of wine, 86

Mitre, the, 198

Moggins, 186

Mohun, Lord, 256

Monachism, 35, 38, 39, 89

Monasteries, 22, 30, 64, 75, 129

Monk, General, 161, 225

Monmouth, Duke of, 241

Montgomery, James, 345

Morat, 49, 58

Morton, Archbishop, 129

Moselle, 222

Mountain wine, 314

Mourning Crown, the, 201

Muggle, 178

Mug-houses, 281

Mum, 221, 224

Muscadell, 67, 91, 120, 235

Myrk, John, instructions for parish priests, 106

Nairne, Baroness, 347

Naogeorgus, 154

Nash, T., 165, 388

National Temperance League, 382

Netherlands, the, 247

Neville, Archbishop, 121

Newcastle, 142

Nicholson, James, 205

Nicking, 62

Niebuhr, 54

Nippitatum, 154

Nordhome, 60

Normans, the, 55

North, Roger, 217

Northcote, Sir Stafford, 384

Northumberland, Earl of, 128

Norwich, 142

Nunneries, 38

Obbæ, 30

Occleve, 112, 151

October ale, 264, 297

Ofener, 171

Okebrook, 116

O’Keefe, John, 329

Olave, St., 48

Oldcastle, Sir John, 208

Oldham, John, 222

Orange, Prince of, 226

Organs, 209

Orleance, 170

Osey, 91, 108, 120

Oxford, 142

-- ale, 273

-- Earl of, 255

Pachomius, 38

Paganalia, 25, 40

Pageants, 219

Parmizant, 176

Parnell, T., 277

Parr, Dr., 232, 340

Patton, Colonel Wilson, 363

Peckham, Archbishop, 88

Peel, Sir R., 353

Peg-tankards (see ‘Pins’), 61, 62

Perlin, Stephen, 138

Permissive Bill, 367, 371

Perry, 209

Peterborough, 58

Peter of Blois, 68, 69

Peters, Hugh, 206

Pharaoh, old, 333

Philip and Mary, 143

Philips, John, 267

Phillips, J. O. Halliwell, 163

Piggins, 186

Piment, 21, 23, 29, 49, 58, 77, 91

Pins, drinking to, 36, 61

Pitt, 316, 323, 325

Playfair, W., 336

Pledging, 42, 74, 139

Plough, the, 197

Plowman, Vision of Piers, 105

Poet’s Head, the, 201

Poore, Richard, Bishop of Sarum, 82

Poor rates, 117

Pope, 87, 216, 267

Porson, 326

Port, 324

Porter, 272, 273

Possets, 162

Powlett, Sir Amias, 133

Priests, 37

Pril-wril, 48

Prior, 263

Prisa, 78, 86, 88

Probus, his revocation of the edict of Domitian, 6

Prohibition, 204, 206

Protectorate, 209

Prounet-cups, 187

Pryme, G., 318

Public-house Regulation Act, 343

Pulteney, 294

Punch, 312, 313, 321

Purl, 314

Pymme, Mr., 207

Quin, James, 297

Rainbow, the, 216

Rake’s progress, 306

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 151

Raspis, 147

Rechabites, 382

Resolution House, 240

Resolution, the, 245

Restoration, the, 219

Revenue, 336, 385

Reynolds, Sir J., 302

Rhenish wine, 67, 108

Rich, Barnaby, 178

Richard I., 73, 77

Richard II., 108

-- III., 125

Richardson, Dr. B. W., 301, 382

-- Judge, 200

Ridley, Bishop, 143

Rigbie, J., 211

Rochelle, 91, 142

Rochester, Earl of, 227

Rockingham, 65

Rosa solis, 147

Rosee Pasqua, 215

Rose, Mount, 91

Rose, the, 198, 265

Roundheads, 213

Rowena, 12

Roxburghe Club, 313

Roxburghe revels, 313

Rum, 241

Rummer, the, 263

Rumney, 67, 91, 120

Ruskin, 380

Russin, 90

Rylands, Mr. Peter, 367

Ryswick, Peace of, 250

Sack, 67, 113, 132, 170, 189, 260

Sackville, Charles, 228

Sala, Mr. A., 375

Salisbury, 142

Saloop, 273

Salutation and Cat, 321

Salvian, 9

Samuelson, Mr., 366

Santlac, 59

Savage, R., 298

Saxony, wines of, 78

Scóp, 10

Scot-ales, 81, 84

Scott, Sir W., 56, 64, 74, 80, 305

Sedley, Sir C., 222, 228

Selwyn-Ibbetson, Sir H., 367

Sévigné, Madame de, 217

Shakespeare, 47, 49, 151, 156

Sheep-drunk, 152

Shenstone, 304

Sheridan, 315, 323, 343

Sherlock, 156

Sherry, 67

Ship, the, 198

Shirley, Sir A., 215, 241

Shrewsbury, 142

Signboards, 7, 41

Simeon, Rev. C., 317

Skelton, John, 135

Skinner, Cyriac, 203

Smith, Mr. J. Abel, 367

Smith, Sydney, 346

Snowdon, the Barons of, 85

Sodalitates, 53

Somerville, 297

Somes, Mr. J., 366

Sops, 124

Southampton, 142, 185

Southey, 336

Southwell, 320

Spain, wines of, 108

Spencer, 156

Spirits, 133, 171, 310

Stabbing while drinking, 47

Stanhope, Earl, 371

Stapleton, Bishop, 93

Star, the, 198

Stavenby, Bishop, 83

Steele, R., 262

Stevenson, Mr., 371

Stickback, 333

Still, Bishop, 139

Stirrup-cup, 144

Stratford-on-Avon, 163

Stubbes, Philip, 139, 153

Stum, 67

Succession, war of, 252

Suein, 59

Sunday closing, 118, 269, 364, 371

Surrey, Earl of, 136

Sweyne, 44, 52, 58

Swift, J., 295

Swine-drunk, 152

Swithin’s, St., Priory, 89

Symposii ænigmata, 20

Tabarde Inn, 98

Tait, Archbishop, 369

Taliesin, 16

Tankards, 187

Tarrings, 91

Taverns, 29, 36, 37, 38, 41, 47, 64, 127, 135, 184, 197,
209, 274, 278-282, 298, 303, 336

Taylor, Jeremy, 202

-- John, 201

Tea, 231, 300, 307

Temperance societies, 355

Templars, Good, 382

Temple, Sir W., 230

Tenedos, 131

Tennyson, A., 383

Thackeray, 275

Thatched House Tavern, 342

Theodore, Archbishop, 27

Theodulf, 47

Theologicum, 147

Thompson, Sir H., 382

Thomson, 33, 327

Thoresby, Archbishop, 41, 123

Thornbury Castle, 128

Thorney, 59

Threads, three, 272, 333

Tippling Act, 291

Tire, 147

Tithe-ale, 81

Toast, 177, 283

Toasting, 7, 8, 12, 39, 42, 44, 48, 124, 131, 152, 178,
190, 210, 211, 239, 247, 282, 348

Tobacco, 209, 214

Tokay, 171

Townley, Rev. J., 307

Tradesmen, 319

Trevelyan, G. O., 324

Trinity College, Cambridge, 266

Trumpet, the, 262

Tuck, Friar, 75

Tusser, Thomas, 168

Twango, 179

Universities, the, 316

Upsy-Freeze, 176

Usher, 202

Verjuice, 120

Vernage, 91, 146

Victoria, Queen, 358

Villiers, C. P., 361

Villiers, George, 227

Vines, 6, 7, 21, 58

Vine, the, 198

Vineyards, 21, 22, 59, 60, 65, 79, 92, 223, 341

Wakes, 37, 40, 116, 199, 312

Waller, Edmund, 230, 231, 232

Walpole, 295

Walter, Hubert, his canons, 76

Waltheof, 56

Ward, Ned, 264

Ward, S., 179

Ware, 58

Warenne, Earls of, 125

Warham, Archbishop, 97, 130

Warmth from alcohol, 310

Warwick, Guy, Earl of, 231

Wassail, 131

Wassail-bowl, 39, 193

Wassailing, 131, 178

Weaver, Thomas, 205

Weddyn-ale, 81

Welsh ale, 22, 23, 46

Wenceslaus, St., 47

Westminster, 58, 142

Weymouth, Lord, 325

Whiskins, 186

Whitaker, Dr. T., 213

Whitbread, 314

Whitsun-ale, 81, 116, 312

Wilfrid, 25

William I., 56, 61

-- II., 61

-- III., 241, 249

-- IV., 348

Winchester, 89, 142

Window-beer, 125

Windsor, 59, 109

Wine, 5, 6, 7, 21, 22, 30, 46, 366

Wither, G., 176, 177

Wolfe, General, 160

Wolsey, 133, 143

Women, drink amongst, 275

Woodville, Elizabeth, 92

Worcester, 142

Wordsworth, 334

World’s End, the, 198

Wormwood, 67

Worsley, Sir R., 341

Wulfrid, 22

Wulstan, 57

Wyther, 53, 176

Xeres, 132

Yard of ale, 237

Young, E., 307

-- T., 178

Younge, R., 219

Yule, 23, 74

Zosimus, 68

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:

Minor amendments to spelling, hyphenation and punctuation have been made for consistency. Bold text is indicated by =equals signs=.