Chapter C: S. Ridgeway, Lumberton, N. J

Ridgeway walnut.

E. S. Mayo, Rochester, N. Y.

"Thompson-Avon" walnut. Unnamed seedling.

W. S. Devoe, San Luis Obispo, Cal.

Santa Barbara walnut.

Frank P. Andrus, Almont, Mich.

Unnamed seedling walnut. Butternut.

E. R. Lake, Washington, D. C.

Gingko nut. Pili nuts.

Arlington Farm.

Juglans sieboldiana. Juglans australis, probably from South America. Twenty-three exhibits of almonds from different California growers.

J. G. Rush, West Willow, Pa.

Lancaster, Nebo, Hall, Rush and Kaghazi walnuts, Barcelona filberts, Weiker and La Fevre shellbark hickories.

Prof. V. R. Gardner, Experiment Station, Corvallis, Oregon.

Eleven varieties of filberts.

W. C. Reed & Son, Vincennes, Ind.

Beard, Indiana, Kentucky, Letcher, Luce, Major, Niblack, Posey, and Warrick pecans.

T. P. Littlepage, Boonville, Ind.

Kentucky pecans.

J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pa.

Lancaster and Holden walnuts, Weiker shellbark and Kirtland shagbark hickories, Barcelona filberts and photographs of the Lancaster tree. Ninety-six exhibits of southern grown pecans by various exhibitors.

WILDER MEDAL FOR EXHIBITION OF NUTS

The American Pomological Society awarded the Northern Nut Growers Association a bronze Wilder Medal for the exhibition of nuts at the fourth annual meeting of the Association at Washington, D. C, November 18 and 19, 1913.

GEORGE W. ENDICOTT--THE BOONE CHESTNUT

E. A. RIEHL, ALTON, ILLINOIS

George W. Endicott was born in Belmont County, Ohio, July 25, 1837. He joined the Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry in 1861, serving nearly three years, when he was discharged owing to wounds received. Then he went to farming in Wayne County. In 1867 he settled at Villa Ridge, Ill., devoting himself to fruit and vegetable growing, in which he was eminently successful. Mr. Endicott was a man of strong character and a leader in his community. Energetic and up to date in all his operations, he procured and tested all kinds of new fruits as fast as introduced. He died at his home November 14, 1913.

Of the greatest interest to the nut growers of this country was his work of creating the Boone chestnut. About 1888 Mr. Endicott conceived the idea of producing a cross between the American and Japan chestnuts and getting one combining the sweetness of the native with the large size, early ripening and young bearing habits of the Japan. He encountered an obstacle in the fact that the Japan blossomed before the native and it was not until seven years later that he found a native blossoming early enough to make the cross. In the spring of 1895 he carefully hand pollinated some Japan Giant with the pollen of this early flowering native, sacking the same to prevent other pollen reaching them. The seed so produced was planted in the spring of 1896 in rich soil that had been used as a vegetable garden. One of the seeds so planted bore six burs in 1897, eighteen months after planting the seed and has produced crops every year since as follows: 1898, 1 pound of nuts; 1899, 3 pounds of nuts; 1900, 5 pounds of nuts; 1901, 6 pounds of nuts; 1902, 8 pounds of nuts; 1903, 12 pounds of nuts; 1904, 17 pounds of nuts; 1905, 25 pounds of nuts; 1906, 31 pounds of nuts; 1907, 43 pounds of nuts; 1908, 50 pounds of nuts; 1909, 56 pounds of nuts; 1910, 5 pounds of nuts (early bloom killed by late freeze); 1911, 80 pounds of nuts; 1912, 76 pounds of nuts; 1913, 140 pounds of nuts--a grand total of 568 pounds from the time of planting the seed seventeen years ago.

This nut is of very good quality, has large size, ripens early and comes into bearing very early. Has been well tested and proven to be one of the best chestnuts we have. It has but one fault, it is very hard to propagate by either budding or grafting. Mr. Endicott and others have grown many seedlings of Boone, but none are in all respects as good as the parent.

Mr. Endicott did a good work in producing the Boone chestnut and deserves the thanks of the nut growers of this country.

LETTER FROM G. H. CORSAN, TORONTO, CANADA

My place of 15-1/2 acres just west of Toronto, is in a small valley containing sandy, gravelly and clay soils, while the creek bottom land is rich black humus. My efforts are purely experimental and the losses do not worry me as I simply wish to know what will succeed in this district. Peaches and grapes grow on my place.

Last winter I bought twelve Paragon chestnut trees from Colonel Sober. All twelve are alive and looking well and this fourth day of November are just turning color and dropping their leaves. You will probably remember that of the three samples that Colonel Sober displayed at the convention last year I took the walking stick. I had to go to Columbia and other South Carolina points for three weeks afterwards, so that it was well into January before I finally got the "walking stick" planted. Well, it is also alive and has that well-known Paragon form, five fan-shaped shoots above the graft.

I planted seeds from all over the world, in rows, and of ten bushels of black walnuts only five nuts sprouted. On the other hand, every pecan came up. Hickories and English cob nuts behaved a little better than the black walnuts. I slip a little collar of tar paper over each little tree to protect it against field mice, rabbits and ground hogs. Red squirrels trouble me the least of all the pests as I cannot keep them out of my double section wire rat trap, and the pet stock men give my boys 30 cents apiece for them.

I also bought a dozen Pomeroy walnuts last winter for experiment. They are all alive but the extraordinary late and early frosts were hard on them and nipped them down three inches from the top where they again sprouted out. This occurred to all but one tree which positively refused to take any notice of either the late or the early frost. I consider this one tree worth _many_ times the money I paid for the dozen.

My experiments are only two years old but I will mention that my English filberts or Kentish cob nuts are doing well, also my Battle Creek persimmon seedlings that I planted in an exposed position two years ago.

Seeds from those Battle Creek persimmon trees can be procured from Dr. J. H. Kellogg by writing him. They are the two most northern persimmon trees which I have discovered so far. The fruit is good to the taste and the trees have lived through terribly cold winters. I mention this as many of you are fruit growers also and want to get persimmon stock in order to graft the Japanese persimmon on. The female tree every second year is loaded to the point of breakage and should do well for stock.

Speaking about procuring seeds from dealers, I can get here and there for one cent as much as I have to pay the dealer a dollar for. For instance, while passing through Phoebus, Va., I asked a lady what she wanted for Juglans sieboldiana and she said 5 cents a quart or 35 cents a peck. She only got 16 bushels from a 20 year-old tree! They were bigger and better specimens than I got from Japan at about five nuts for one dollar, postage extra.

Then I wrote to a gentleman who had a small tree of Juglans cordiformis in Ontario and he said that he only had a bushel which he was expressing to me and to send him a dollar! Think, and the Japs sent me three nuts for one dollar!! A lady at Niagara Falls, Ontario, told me that she had a little tree of J. sieboldiana so I asked her the price and she sent me half a bushel and said to pay the express charges which were a quarter!

And it is the same way with these forest seed merchants, they send me for dollars the seeds of pinus edulis and pinus Koriensis that it would take a powerful microscope to discern, and I afterwards bought of a fruit merchant in Milwaukee a big glassful for a nickel!

Roadside planting is a failure, for, besides rodents little and big, there are all kinds of animals from sheep to horses to destroy them, so that I have to plant all my trees at least four feet within my fence line.

Juglans Mandshurica seed I find impossible to procure so far. There are two magnificent trees in Toronto planted by an old man who is dead now. These trees show no sign of ever having been winter killed and are 13 and 19 feet high but have not fruited yet. The leaves are very long and the trees resemble the stag horn sumach, except that they are distinctly Juglans in appearance; but the growth of the year's shoots is thick and long like a coppice growth.

LETTER FROM W. C. REED, VINCENNES, INDIANA

The Indiana pecan tree bore a splendid crop of about 3-1/2 bushels. The Busseron also had a good crop on all the old wood and some on the new wood. The Busseron is just recovering from a severe cutting back by the owner and should be in shape to give a good crop next year. Other pecans in the vicinity bore a very light crop.

The Niblack bore only a few nuts this year. Butterick had a very good crop for an off year, some five bushels as reported to me, and they were well filled. This tree is very large, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, 90 foot spread, located near Grayville, Ill.

The writer and my son, M. P. Reed, have top worked quite a number of large black walnuts, ranging from 3 to 9 inches in diameter. They were cut back last spring and budded in the new growth this summer, setting from 20 to 40 buds in some of the trees. Buds of the Hall, Pomeroy and Rush have taken well and look very promising. Of other varieties only a limited number have taken. We will top work several large trees this coming summer and should get results soon from these.

Pecans in the nursery have made a very satisfactory growth. The stand of buds was only fair, in some cases poor. We still have a limited number of Indiana and Busseron trees but the supply of other kinds is exhausted for this year.

We have planted 600 pounds of pecans and 50 bushels of walnuts and with the seedlings we have on hand in nursery hope to have plenty of stock to work in the future.

We had a splendid stand of grafts of the Major pecan the past spring and some of these made 4 feet of growth and calipered 3/4-inch, for grafts set May 1st.

THE LATE HENRY HALES AS A NUT CULTURIST

H. W. HALES, NEW JERSEY

About 1876 he and the celebrated writer and agriculturist, Andrew S. Puller, made extensive experiments with the large English filbert,--mostly of the Kentish cob varieties. These proved unadapted to the climate as the trees seemed to run all to growth and bore very few nuts. About this time, also, very extensive plans were laid to propagate by grafting the Hales Paper Shell Hickory. There is probably no more difficult tree in existence to graft than the hickory as, owing to the extreme hardness and close grain of the wood there is always an uncertainty about their uniting permanently, consequently the percentage of perfect trees was always small. Mr. Hales tried all kinds and methods of grafting, some were done on stocks that stood naturally in the fields, others were grafted in greenhouses, then again, others were tried in frames or sashes, and large numbers were grown in pots, and success was only attained after years of time and thousands of dollars were spent. Mr. Hales was also an enthusiastic grower of the English or European walnut and one tree which grew on his farm at Ridgewood was grown from seed given him by ex-Mayor Daniel F. Tieman of New York City many years ago.

Japanese walnuts were also grown on the farm at Ridgewood and some of these are now bearing. A large number of Japanese chestnuts were planted some years ago, and while these bore heavily for a short time they nearly all succumbed to the chestnut blight. There is some difference of opinion among nut growers on the subject, but Mr. Hales was always of the opinion that the chestnut blight was introduced into this country with the Japanese trees, and that when the Japanese trees were gone the disease then spread to the native trees. The Hales Paper Shell Hickory, it may be remarked, still holds the palm as being the largest and thinnest shell nut, and it was only by the most persistent and painstaking efforts that Mr. Hales succeeded in propagating them at all. A large number of chestnuts were grown by Mr. Hales, such as the Numbo and other varieties. Some of these were said to be purely American varieties and others hybrids, or crosses. All of the hybrid varieties seemed to lack the hardy constitution of the American and although some of the nuts were very large he did not succeed with them in the long run as well as with the native varieties. Pecans of all kinds were tried by him and choice specimens were obtained from all parts of the country. Like the hickories these were grown and grafted in different ways and the percentage of good results was always much larger than the hickories. Grafting the hickory on the pecan was of course tried, and this proved one of the best ways of propagating the hickory. Everything that he could possibly think of or do was brought to bear in his efforts at nut culture and it is some satisfaction to know that many nut lovers will have the benefit of his work and efforts, long years after he has passed away, the hickory especially being a very slow growing and long lived tree.

ABSTRACT OF PAPER BY HUMPHREY

Filbert. Black knot, _Cryptosporella anomala_

HUMPHREY, JAMES ELLIS. Mass. Agr. Exp. Sta., 10th an. rept., 1892, p. 242-243.

The author describes this fungus as killing the canes of the European hazel, _Corylus avellana_, at Palmer, Mass. The fungus appears in the form of protuberances with elliptical bases that burst the bark and rise rather thickly from the affected portions of the branch. The diseased portion is sunk below the surface of the healthy part. The interior of the protuberance, which is the fruiting part of the fungus, contains numerous black, flask-like structures whose tips reached the surface. Within the cavities of these flasks are formed the very numerous spindle-shaped spore cells, each containing, when ripe, eight colorless elliptical spores. The author noticed that the inner bark on the part of the branch occupied by the fungus is reduced to a narrow black line between the wood and the outer bark. This reduction in the thickness of the inner bark explains why the surface of the affected parts is sunken. If the entire circumference of a cane becomes involved, the result is that it is girdled, and the part beyond necessarily dies. The attacks of this fungus on the host-plant are essentially similar in their results to those of the black knot of the plum, though the immediate effect on the inner bark is here one of atrophy, while in the latter case it is one of hypertrophy. The fungus is also related to the black-knot fungus on the plum, but its life-history is not yet known. There may be other spore forms in its life cycle, and therefore it is impossible to give any more definite suggestions for avoiding it than to recommend that infected branches be cut away well below the point of infection and burned as soon as they are seen to be infected.

THE TRUTH ABOUT TREE PLANTING WITH DYNAMITE.

[Note by the Secretary.--As planting with dynamite has been
especially recommended for nut trees, on account of their long tap
roots which have the habit of growing down until they reach
permanent water; as there has been some difference of opinion among
horticulturists as to the merits of tree planting, in general, with
dynamite; and in order that nut growers may know how to use this
method as advised by the dynamite makers, in case they may wish to
try it in setting their trees, the following description of the
method advised, from the pen of Mr. George Frank Lord of the E. I.
du Pont de Nemours Powder Company, is here printed.]

During the past two years there has been considerable discussion in the agricultural press on the merits of dynamite in tree planting. The majority of orchardists who have tried the new method are enthusiastic over the results, but now and then we hear someone condemning the practice, and stating that they have tried it with poor results. It would appear from investigation that the theory of the use of dynamite in tree planting is a good one, but that the practice is sometimes incorrect, and hence fails to produce the desired results.

_Purpose of Dynamiting for Tree Planting_:

In the first place, to secure successful results it is necessary to understand clearly what the dynamiting is to accomplish. Some orchardists and farmers have the idea that the purpose of the dynamite is to excavate the hole for the tree and save them the trouble of shoveling out the soil. This is a wrong theory.

The object of dynamiting for tree planting is to break up the subsoil at a depth of from three to five feet so as to create a soil sponge or water-absorbing area twelve or twenty feet in diameter around and underneath the spot where the tree is to stand, so that the heavy rainfalls and melting snow of spring may be conserved in the subsoil to take care of the tree during the long dry summer.

If the force of the dynamite is used merely to blow out the soil and make digging unnecessary, it is unreasonable to expect the dynamite to do this underground work. On the other hand, when the charge is properly placed at a depth of about three feet and tamped in just enough to confine most of the force of the explosion in the subsoil, the blast will not only crack and pulverize the subsoil, but will also break up the ground around the bore hole clear to the surface, and throw it into the air, possibly a foot. It is then a very easy matter to excavate the hole for planting.

_Necessary Soil Conditions_:

There is no economy nor advantage in using dynamite in a soil that is loose and sandy to a depth of three or four feet. The weakness of this soil is that it allows water to percolate through it too rapidly, hence dynamite would be harmful rather than helpful under such conditions, but no matter how loose the top soil or plowed soil may be, if it is underlaid by more or less impervious clay, or even a heavy loam, dynamiting under proper conditions will certainly increase its water-storing capacity, and also make it easier for the roots to grow downward and deep.

The proper conditions referred to are that the blasting must be done when the subsoil is relatively dry, otherwise it will not crack or pulverize. Every farmer knows the disadvantage of plowing wet top soil. It is equally disadvantageous to blast a wet subsoil. Of course, some subsoils are always in a more or less damp condition and never get thoroughly dried out, but they may be safely and advantageously blasted when they are in their dryest condition.

Water-logged soil should never be blasted except for the purpose of ditching it or tiling it so as to get it into a proper condition for blasting. The ditching may be done economically and quickly with dynamite, and in many cases this will answer just as well as the more expensive tiling. When the ditching or tiling has drained this subsoil, it may then be safely blasted.

_Filling the Pot-Holes_:

In any heavy soil the explosion of the dynamite tends to form a cavity in the immediate vicinity of the cartridge, varying from one to two feet in diameter. The heavier or the wetter the subsoil, the larger this cavity is likely to be. After the blast the top soil should be shoveled out and laid to one side; next shovel out the subsoil and lay it on the other side of the hole; continue this excavation until the pot-hole is reached, then be careful to fill this hole reasonably tight with subsoil, the object being to prevent the possibility of soil falling away from the roots of a tree after planting, and leaving it suspended in the air. This is the cause of the death of trees planted in dynamited holes which some unsuccessful experimenters report. It takes a little time to fill this pot-hole, but the many advantages of planting trees properly in dynamited holes more than offset this extra time and trouble required to properly prepare the hole.

_Planting the Trees_:

After the pot-hole has been filled, continue to shovel in subsoil until the proper height is reached for planting the tree, then throw in half the top soil and spread the roots on that in their natural positions, then throw in the remainder of the top soil, next get in the hole and walk around the tree several times, tramping the top soil down tight around the roots so as to remove all large air spaces that surround the roots, then fill the hole to the surface with subsoil. Planting a tree in this way costs a few cents more per tree than the old way, but since the tree can only be planted once and the comparative records as to loss of trees the first year after planting, show an average advantage of 30 per cent. in favor of dynamited trees, namely, the loss is cut down from three to five trees per hundred, a dynamited tree grows so much more vigorously and produces fruit from one to two years earlier, therefore it pays to take the extra trouble and do the job right.

The editor of _Successful Farming_ was at one time skeptical as to the use of dynamite in tree planting, but has been convinced from personal observation of its use in large commercial orchards, and from letters from various subscribers, that it is an important and valuable innovation in horticulture, provided it is used with proper care and discretion.

CORRESPONDENTS AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN NUT CULTURE

ALABAMA

Carver, George W., Director Department Research, Tuskegee Institute

ARIZONA

Karns, H. G., Karns Bros., Inc., Nogales

ARKANSAS

Shadle, E. A., England
Watkins, J. A., Warren
Hamilton, Ed., Wynne
Meek, W. H., Hot Springs
Jones, Herbert A., Plumerville
St. John M., Wrightsville

CALIFORNIA

Payne, George C., Campbell
Fitzgerald, Dr. W. W., Stockton
Thornberry, Lordsburg
Fuller, L. E., 1643 Sunset Blvd., San Diego
Tribble Brothers Nursery Co., Elk Grove

CANADA

Griffith, H. K., Grimsby
Berge, Miss Alice, 251 Queenston Street, St. Catherines
Neller, Louisa, Grimbsy
Book, Beverly, Grimsby East
Fee, J. J., Niagara Street, St. Catherines
Solvyne, F. D., Carlton Street, St. Catherines
Titherington, James, Carlton Street, St. Catherines

COLORADO

Coryell, P. C., Newcastle

CONNECTICUT

Moore, R. D., Colchester
Osborn, George S., Bristol
White, T. P., Wilton
Clingan, Una A., Robertsville
Rockwell, F. P., Rockfall
Bradley, John T., 180 Prospect Street, Bristol
Bradley, Capt. Ralph, 459 W. Main Street, Meriden
Martin, William, Hull Street, Bristol
Brown, Ronald K., Colchester
Hull, George W., Bristol
Sage, Hollister, Waterbury

DELAWARE

Rumford, Dr., Wilmington
Reed, E. B. & J. M., Frederica
Tisdale, J. B., Magnolia
Ellis, G. L., Millsboro
Marks, Walter L., Smyrna
Matthews, W. C, Room 563, duPont Bldg., Wilmington

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Burkholder, 1820 M Street N. W., Washington
Fales, Dr. W. D., 78 T Street N. W., Washington

FLORIDA

Cuzner, A. T., Gilmore

GEORGIA

Fows, J. William, Adjutant Professor of Horticultural, State College
of Agriculture, Athens
Hardman, Dr. L. G., Commerce

IDAHO

Gehman, S. A., Boise
Coventry, Neil S., Box 95, Coeur d'Alene
Temple, C. E., Agricultural Experimental Station, Moscow
Cattermole, Dr. P. F., Lewiston
DeHaven, James, Probate Judge, Grangeville
Reed, P. O. Box 587, Weiser
Konrad, Henry, P. O. Box 136, Boise

ILLINOIS

Burg, F. W., Dallas City
King, Thomas H., 113 North Hazel Street, Danville
Krause, John O., 1341 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago
McCready, James, 1533 Portland Avenue, Chicago Heights
Ricks, R. L., Staunton
Roth, C. L., R. F. D. 3, Chenoa
Newell, Jesse W., Country Life Club, Drawer 418, Girard
Knapp, William, 854 No. Paulina Street, Chicago
Hoffman, Frank H., 712 Federal Street, Chicago
Voight, H. R., Bonfield
Wells, Oscar, Farina
Bunker, Gerald L., 408 So. Spring Avenue, La Grange
Ernest, Otto M., 4238 Randolph Street, Chicago
Reeves, C. H., Jr., 6453 Iowa Street, Oak Park
Dupont, 2911 W. 39th Street, Chicago
Fletcher, Joe, Zion City
Lunak, Dr. Karel, 1662 Blue Island Avenue, Chicago
Miller, C. Lester, Monmouth
Yost, Z. F., 109-1/2 W. Madison Street, Pontiac
Poll, Carl J., 1009 Maple Street, Danville
Warren, Ezra T., R. F. D. I, Atlanta
Holmes, T. H., 2816 Logan Bldg., Chicago

INDIANA

Payatte, Charles, Columbus
Pershing, Henry A., South Bend
Fife, Earl H., Franklin
Fisher, J. T., Franklin
Stevens, S., New Ross
Officer, William, Madison
Sage, Thomas V., Greencastle
Bone, Mrs. C. W., 140 No. Grant Street, W. Lafayette
Mathers, Frank C, Indiana University, Bloomington
Comstock, C. H., 1605 Talbott Avenue, Indianapolis
(Interior Hardwood Co.)
McNamee, H. H., Honeywell Heating Specialty Co., Wabash
Waltermire, Guy, Whisler Block, Marion
Cherry, William, Jr., Clinton, R. F. D. 3, Box 3, Clinton
Shilts, J. H., Columbia City
McGregor, D. R., Marion
Summers, W. R., Georgetown

IOWA

Wilhelm, Roy E., Osage
Haas, Alfred L., Suite 306, Utica Bldg., Des Moines
Garrett, Charles O., Willow Hill Farm, R. F. D. 1, Mitchellville
Rose, Morton L., Box 633, Colfax
Stoddard, Dr. Charles, Boone

KENTUCKY

Ragland, Colby B., Frankford
Pyrne, P. P., 530 Center Street, Henderson
Aspinwall, F. E., Cedar Springs Farm, La Grange

MAINE

Wentworth, Herbert, Skowhegan
Paine, G. S., Winslow

MARYLAND

Onion, J. L., Sharon
Beall, Olin, P. O. Box 19, Frostburg
Landwehr, F. W., Gambrills
Strickland, C. W., Berlin
Myer, E. H., Keedysville
Wooden, Ernest E., 1029 Calvert Bldg., Baltimore
Cox, Mrs. Annie D., Glen Morris
Lankford, Mrs. Ida M., Princess Anne
Bowman, W. E., Snow Hill
Hudson, P. O., Harold
Franklin Davis Nurseries, Baltimore
Evans, H. Cecil, 126 W. 25th Street, Baltimore
Kerr, Dr. Eugene, Monkton

MASSACHUSETTS

Chase, J. S., Maiden
Pressey, C. Park, 8 Beacon Street, Boston
Bridges, Herbert C., Box 246, North Cohasset
Marlborough, James, Topsfield, care of T. E. Proctor Estate
Stevens, Abel T., Wellesley
Smith, Fred A., Director Independent Agricultural School, Hathorne
Wallis, Fred H., 27 Conant Street, Beverly
Schultz, Mrs. Fritz, 335 Cornell Street, Roslindale
Knight, C. F., Rowley
Jenks, Albert R., Hampden County Improvement League, Springfield
Thrasher, Miss Mertia P., Sharon
Crowell, Elkanah, Hyannis
Mason, H. R., Falmouth
Kimball, G. N., 10 Whitlowe Road, West Newton
Graves, Louise B., 8 Chestnut Street, Boston
Jones, Dr. L. A., Falmouth
Bingham, Dr. Russell, Fitchburg
Robbins, A. N., Puritan Fruit Co., 13 Faneuil Hall, Boston

MICHIGAN

Carter, Bert, Middleville
Rhodes, W. E., Maple Street, Albion
Wiegand, Frank J., 970 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit
Foote, Mrs. W. K., Milford
Miller, Orville I., Augusta
Veith, Alfred C, 56 Haynes Avenue, Detroit

MINNESOTA

Savage, L. H., Red Wing
Guinotte, 653 Lincoln Avenue, St. Paul
Ramer, W. A., 1542 Hillside Avenue, No. Minneapolis

MISSOURI

Cloden, Charles J., Kansas City
James, William H., Lock Box 174, Mountain Grove
Van Realte, C., General Delivery, Sedalia
Black, J. W., Silica
Kirkpatrick, J. H., Richmond
McKinney, J. F., Bolivar
Herter, O. F., 2757 Russell Avenue, St. Louis
Rust, R. S., Hardin
McCrary, Byron B., El Dorado Springs
Stevenson, Marion, 2710 Pine Street, St. Louis
Bennington, W. M., 118 Wabash Avenue, Kansas City

NEBRASKA

Bessey, Charles E., Department of Botany, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Kerr, Leslie, 830 S. 21st Street, Omaha
Stewart, L. L. E., Brown Block, Omaha
Bicknell, Miss Lula, Randolph

NEVADA

Van Derwerker, Jerome L., Washoe County, Bank Bldg., Reno

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Colby, Forest, Enfield

NEW JERSEY

Hervey, Orlanda, Verona
Hale, H. E., Preston
Clark, Herbert H., Crystal Lake
Morris, B. L., 179 Orving Avenue, Bridgeton
Anderson, S., 612 Mt. Prospect Avenue, Newark
Hampton, George, Bridgeton
Pettengill, George T., 25 Essex Avenue, Orange
Stevens, C. W., Jr., 13 Kirkpatrick Street, New Brunswick
Goodwin, A. T., Greenwick, Cumberland County
Brarens, J. E., Martinsville
Sked, N. S., Pennington

NEW YORK

Mulligan, F. I. L., Earlville
Pickering Brothers, Fairport
Warren, G. W., Ilion Hospital, Ilion
Baker, A. A., Hoosick Falls
Towner, A. B., Fillmore
Kinney, H. C, McGraw
Benton, F. M., Northville
Nichols, S. S., Brockport
Bailey, A. L., The Birkett Mills, Penn Yan
Robbins, Mrs. Howard C, 209 Madison Avenue, New York City
Wells, Mrs. J. Harrae, 105 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, L. I.
Whitmore, B. F., 520 Park Avenue, Rochester
Moore, William C. & Co., Newark
Seeley, Col. Charles, Suite 618, 1472 Broadway, New York City
Siddons, H. E., 214 Glenwood Avenue, Rochester
Sleight, David B., Arlington
Klamroth, Wilfred, 11-1/2 W. 37th Street, New York City
Bear, C. E., P. O. Box 192, Madison Square Station, New York City
Champlin, C. A., Hammondsport
Bingle, C. W., 214 Marion Street, Brooklyn
Fiske, Haley, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City
King, John H., P. O. Box 18, Middletown
Curtis, H. D., Manlius
Ireland, J. J., Clarkson
Tack, E. C, Newark
Hyde, Fred W., 201 Main Street, Jamestown

NORTH CAROLINA.

Williamson, I. W., Carthage
Boyce, John P., Morven
Morrison, G. W., Taylorsville
Hanes, F. Francis, Greensboro
Howard, P. Joe, Pomona
Breece, J. S., R. F. D. 6, Fayetteville
Hollingsworth, W. F., Glade Valley, North Carolina School
Harbeck, Dr. E. V., Weaverville
McCleod, John A., Carthage
Pearson, P. M., Charlotte

OHIO

Wilson, W. H., North Oak Street, Marion
Day, William H., Hedge Hill Farm, North Lima
Smith, Fred, Lima
Bancroft, Allen, Garrettsville
Smith, Albert M., Flushing
Cox, U. T., Proctorville
Leonard, Levi, Middletown
Kelch, L. R., Nelsonville
Witte, O. M., Amherst
Sowers, W. L., Cuyahoga Falls
Kircher, Fred, 221 So. McDonough Street, Dayton
Cruickshank, R. B., State University, Columbus
Mann, George, New Burlington, Clinton County
McEndree, A. A., Superintendent Public Schools, Canal Winchester
Frye, R. W., Farmdale
Paulin, W. H., Poland
Meyers, A. E., 14 No. Forge Street, Akron
Carson, R. B., Fruit Cliff Farm, Middleport
Woodmansee, Dr. R. D., 51 E. State Street, Columbus
Blackford, L., Akron, R. F. D. 25, Akron
Hill, George F., R. F. D. 5, Columbus
Compton, William V., Loveland
Denny, Mark E., Middletown
Cromer, F. Gillum, 1314 No. Main Street, Dayton
Stevens, C. E., P. O. Box 60, Cleveland

OKLAHOMA

Howell, Mrs. O. E., Oktaha

OREGON

Lewis, C. I., Chief Division of Horticulture, Agricultural
College and Experiment Station, Corvallis
Prince, Thomas, Dundee
Bond, T. J.

PENNSYLVANIA

Falkenstein, G. N., Elizabethtown
Sellier, W. H., Pequea, Lancaster County
Williams, J. S., Smithton
Herr, Martin, Lancaster
Smith, L. M., Carbondale
Deisher, H. K., Kutztown
Lutes, C. C., Noxen
Scott & Hill, Erie
Gray, Will H., R. F. D. 3, Amity
McBurney, Canonsburg, Pa.
Kocher, Dr. J. F., Walberts
Homer, 6-1/2 South Street, Warren
Spangenberg, Edward, 337 W. 11th Street, Erie
Degelman, William C, 435 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh
Scarborough, Henry W., 522 Walnut Street, Philadelphia
Heim, H. G., 508 Pine Street, Williamsport
Zeller, Edwin J. P., 1228 Buttonwood Street, Philadelphia
Burket, Mrs. John W., Tyrone, R. F. D., Blair County
Kleffman, F. T., 1114 Twelfth Street, Altoona
Brinton, William, Glen Rose, Chester County
Johnston, John H., New Wilmington
Dollison, H. C, 210 Spring Street, Meadville
Corbett, S. W., Department International Revenue, Pittsburgh, Box 51
Kraft, H., 758 E. 10th Street, Erie
Treat, Frederick H., Jr., Wayne
Hazel, Boyd E., Madisonburg
Ballou, C. F., Halifax
Barnes, R. G., 1312 Cherry Street, Philadelphia
Lawson, J. H., Kittanning
Smith, Adam, Columbia, Lancaster County, R. F. D. 1

RHODE ISLAND

Warren, R. W., 69 Glenham Street, Providence

SOUTH CAROLINA

Wiggin, J. B., Holly Hill

TENNESSEE

Walker, Robert S., Chattanooga
Miller, I. F., Morristown
Millard, Sam T., Johnson City
Rodcheaver, C. A., Newport
Smith, A. I., Knoxville
Rose, C. E., Nashville
Glasgow, C. M., Gleason
Davis, R. A., Springfield

UTAH

Mabee, C. R., Chief Chemist, Ogden Portland Cement Company, Brigham City

VERMONT

Lewis, Mrs. C. A., Grafton
Ingraham, Mrs. J. P., Windsor
Dutton, Ira Jay, Hilltop Farm, Wardsboro

VIRGINIA

Barr, J. W., Norfolk
Flanagan, William H., "Waddington," Elma Grove
Bailey Orchard Company, Fishersville
Weiss, H. W., Emporia
Shands, William, Courtland
Smith, John M., Middleburg
Hood, W. T., Richmond
Bechtel, J. A., R. F. D. 2, Williamsburg
Jones, J. B., Sec'y, The Peanut Growers Assistant of Virginia, Elberon
Caroer, W. N., Cismont
Nourse, H. O., Lyndehurst
Duke, W. R., Charlottesville
Long, A. R., Krise Bldg., Lynchburg
Fletcher, Dr. S. W., Director Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg
Clevenger, C. C., Stephenson
Purdy, Mrs. R. S., 218 Willard Avenue, Phoebus
Meschendorf, H. H., Piedmont Villa, Forest Depot
Laing, Sam L., Shores

WASHINGTON

Kiesling, F. W., 409 Waverly Place, Spokane
Quarnberg, A. A., District Horticultural Inspector, Vancouver
Reynolds, F. Eliot, Irondale
Beebe, Charles S., Jr., Beebe
Corkery, Dr. John R., Co. Health Officer, 215 Hutton Bldg., Spokane
Bailey, Dr. Edward, Mansfield, Douglas County
Coupe, Mrs. Nora D., Coupeville

WEST VIRGINIA

Smoot, John Thurman, Smoot
Stricklin, L., Cameron
Dennison, William, Bristol
Bacon, Nathaniel, Talcott
Gary, J. R., Cairo

WISCONSIN

Richter, W. A., R. F. D. 9, Box 99, N. Milwaukee
Shipman, Dr. K. W., 402 Jackman Block, Janesville

AUTHORITIES AND SPECIAL CORRESPONDENTS

The following list is made up of the names of authorities or correspondents whose special knowledge of local conditions enables them to give information or advice of special value. With some of them arrangements have been made to take charge of inquiries and other local nut matters. Some of them are connected with state or government experiment or educational institutions and will answer any inquiries.

The United States Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C., will always respond to requests for information, referring them to the best authority available, many of whom are to be found in the various bureaus.

The secretary of this Association is always glad to do his best when no better authority is to be found. He intends in the future to refer many inquiries to those who have a better knowledge of local conditions.

ALABAMA

Theodore Bechtel, Ocean Springs, Mississippi

ARIZONA

Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah
C. R. Biederman, Garces, Cochise County
Robert A. Rogers, Forest Service, United States Department of
Agriculture, Canille

ARKANSAS

S. H. James, Mound, Louisiana
J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

CALIFORNIA

Ralph E. Smith, Superintendent of Experiment Station, Berkeley
George C. Payne, Campbell
Frank Leib, San José
Dr. W. W. Fitzgerald, Stockton
Harry P. Stabler, Yuba City
C. W. Beers, Santa Barbara
J. B. Neff, Anaheim

CANADA

Enquire of the Secretary of the Northern Nut Growers Association,
Georgetown, Connecticut

COLORADO

Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan,
Utah. For west of the Rocky Mountains.

CONNECTICUT

Dr. Robert T. Morris, Stamford
Dr. W. C. Deming, Secretary Northern Nut Growers Association, Georgetown

DELAWARE

J. W. Killen, Felton
C. A. McCue, Professor of Horticulture, Newark
United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

FLORIDA

H. Harold Hume, Glen Saint Mary
W. W. Carroll, Monticello

GEORGIA

Col. C. A. Van Duzee, President National Nut Growers Association, Cairo
J. B. Wight, Secretary National Nut Growers Association, Cairo
J. W. Firor, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Athens
H. W. Smithwick, Americus

IDAHO

C. C. Vincent,. Professor of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Moscow
Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist, State Agricultural College, Logan,
Utah. for southern part of Idaho.

ILLINOIS

E. A. Riehl. Alton
Norman W. Casper, New Burnside

INDIANA

T. P. Littlepage, President Northern Nut Growers Association, Boonville
C. G. Woodbury, Chief in Horticulture, Purdue University, Lafayette
W. C. Reed, Vincennes
Mason J. Niblack, Vincennes
R. L. McCoy, Lake

IOWA

Dr. A. B. Dennis, Cedar Rapids

KANSAS

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

KENTUCKY

C. W. Matthews, Horticulturist, State Agricultural Experiment
Station, Lexington

LOUISIANA

H. E. Van Deman, Ferriday
S. H. James, Mound
J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pa.

MAINE