Chapter I: Part 1

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |DISCLAIMER | | | |The articles published in the Annual Reports of the Northern Nut Growers| |Association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are | |not to be construed as an endorsement by the Northern Nut Growers | |Association, its board of directors, or its members. No endorsement is | |intended for products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for products not| |mentioned. The laws and recommendations for pesticide application may | |have changed since the articles were written. It is always the pesticide| |applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current | |label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The discussion | |of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut | |trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular | |time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere. | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+

NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION

REPORT

OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE

TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING

LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA

OCTOBER 6 AND 7, 1921

CONTENTS

Officers and Committees of the Association 5

State Vice-Presidents 6

Members of the Association 7

Constitution and By-Laws 13

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Convention 17

Report of the Treasurer 23

Nut Trees for Public Places, Dr. R. T. Morris 25

Roadside Planting, Prof. A. K. Chittendon 36

Roadside Planting Legislation in Mich., Senator Henry A. Penny 40

Cultivation and Culture of the European Filbert,
James S. McGlennon 54

Report of the Committee on Uniform Bill for Roadside Planting,
T. P. Littlepage 59

Where May the Northern Pecan Be Expected to Bear,
Willard G. Bixby 63

Constitution and By-Laws Amended 71

Report of Nominating Committee, Secretary Olcott 75

Proceedings of The Tree Planting Ceremonies at Long's Park,
Lancaster County, Pa 77

A National Program for the Promotion of Nut Culture, Dean Watts 80

Appendix 84

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION

_President_ JAMES S. MCGLENNON Rochester, New York

_Vice-President_ J. F. JONES Lancaster, Pennsylvania

_Secretary_ WILLIAM C. DEMING Danbury, Conn., R. 2

_Treasurer_ WILLARD G. BIXBY Baldwin, Nassau Co.,
New York

COMMITTEES

_Auditing_--C. P. CLOSE, C. A. REED

_Executive_--J. RUSSELL SMITH, W. S. LINTON AND THE OFFICERS

_Finance_--T. P. LITTLEPAGE, WILLARD G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING

_Hybrids_--R. T. MORRIS, C. P. CLOSE, W. G. BIXBY, HOWARD SPENCE

_Membership_--JAMES S. MCGLENNON, H. R. WEBER, R. T. OLCOTT,
W. O. POTTER, W. G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING

_Nomenclature_--C. A. REED, R. T. MORRIS, J. F. JONES

_Press and Publication_--R. T. OLCOTT, W. G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING

_Programe_--JAMES S. MCGLENNON, W. C. DEMING, R. T. OLCOTT,
C. A. REED, R. T. MORRIS, W. G. BIXBY

_Promising Seedlings_--C. A. REED, J. F. JONES, W. G. BIXBY

STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS

Alabama H. M. Robertson 2026 1st Ave., Birmingham
Arkansas Prof. N. F. Drake University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
California T. C. Tucker 311 California St., San Francisco
Canada G. H. Corsan 63 Avenue Road, Toronto
China P. W. Wang, Kinsan Arboretum Chuking Kiangsu Province
Colorado C. L. Cudebec Boulder, Box 233
Connecticut Ernest M. Ives Sterling Orchards, Meriden
Dist of Columbia B. G. Foster 902 G. St., Washington
England Howard Spence Eskdale Knutsford Cheshire
Georgia A. S. Perry Cuthbert
Illinois E. A. Riehl Alton
Indiana J. F. Wilkinson Rockport
Iowa D. C. Snyder Center Point
Kansas James Sharp Council Grove
Kentucky Frank M. Livengood Berea
Maine Alice D. Leavitt 79 High St., Bridgton
Maryland P. J. O'Connor Bowie
Massachusetts C. Leroy Cleaver 496 Commonwealth Ave., Boston
Michigan Dr. J. H. Kellogg Battle Creek
Missouri P. C. Stark Louisiana
Nebraska William Caha Wahoo
New Hampshire Henry B. Stevens Durham
Nevada C. G. Swingle Hazen
New Jersey C. S. Ridgway Lumberton
New York Dr. G. J. Buist 3 Hancock St., Brooklyn
North Carolina Dr. Harvey P. Barrett 211 Vail Ave., Charlotte
Ohio Harry R. Weber 123 E. 6th St., Cincinnati
Oklahoma Dr. C. E. Beitman Skedee
Oregon Knight Pearcy Salem, R. F. D. 3, Box 187
Pennsylvania F. N. Fagan State College
South Carolina Prof. A. G. Shanklin Clemson College
Texas J. H. Burkett Clyde
Vermont F. C. Holbrook Brattleboro
Virginia John S. Parish University
Washington William Baines Okanogan
West Virginia Fred E. Brooks French Creek
Wisconsin Dr. G. W. Patchen Manitowoc

MEMBERS OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION

April, 1, 1922

ALABAMA

Robertson, H. M., 2026 1st Ave., Birmingham

ARIZONA

Heyne, Fred W., Douglas

ARKANSAS

*Drake, Prof. N. F., Fayetteville, Univ. of Arkansas
Dunn, D. K., Wynne

CALIFORNIA

Cajori, F. A., 1220 Byron St., Palo Alto
Cress, B. E., Tehachapi
Thorpe, Will J., 1545 Divisadero Street, San Francisco
Tucker, T. C., 311 California St., San Francisco

CANADA

Bell, Alex., Milliken, Ontario
Corsan, G. H., 513 Christie St., Toronto
Corcoran, William, Port Dalhousie, Box 26, Ontario
Haight, P. N., St. Thomas, Canada

CHINA

Kinsan Arboretum, Chuking, Kiangsu Province, P. W. Wang Secy.

COLORADO

Bennett, L. E., Cory
Butterbaugh, Dr. W. S., Engleburg, Las Animas Co.
Cudebec, C. L., Boulder, Box 233
Hartman, Richard, Kremmling

CONNECTICUT

Barrows, Paul M., Stanford, R. F. D. No. 30
Bartlett, Francis A., Stanford
Benedict, Samuel L., 98 South Main St., So. Norwalk
Bielefield, F. J., Middleton, South Farms
Bradley, Smith T., New Haven, Grand Ave.
Craig, Joseph A., 783 Washington Ave., West Haven
Deming, Dr. W. C., Hartford, 983 Main St.
Glover, James L., Shelton, R. F. D. No. 7
Hilliard, H. J., South View
Hungerford, Newman, Torrington, R. F. D. No. 2, Box 76
Ives, E. M., Meriden, Sterling Orchards
Lewis, Henry Leroy, Stratford, 1822 Main St.
*Morris Dr. R. T. Cos Cob Route 28, Box 95
Pomeroy, Eleazer, 120 Bloomfield Ave., Windsor
Sessions, Albert L., Bristol, 25 Bellevue Ave.
Southworth, George E., Milford, Box 176
Staunton, Gray, 320 Howard Ave., New Haven
White, Gerrard, North Granby

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Beatty, Wilbur M. L., 4027 Georgia Ave., Washington
Close, C. P. Prof., Pomologist Dept. of Agriculture, Wash.
Foster, B. G., Washington, 902 G. St., N. W.
*Littlepage, T. P., Union Trust Building, Washington
Reed, C. A., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington
**Van Fleet, Walter, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington

ENGLAND

Spence, Howard, Eskdale, Knutsford, Cheshire

GEORGIA

Bullard, William P., Albany
Patterson, J. M., Putney
Perry, A. S., Cuthbert
Steele, R. C., Lakemont, Rabun Co.
Wight, J. B., Cairo

ILLINOIS

Buckman, Benj., Farmingdale
Casper, O. H., Anna
Heide, John F. H., 500 Oakwood Blvd., Chicago
Illinois, University of, Urbana (Librarian)
Hon. W. A. Potter, Marion
Harry J. Rickelman, Weed Bldg., Effingham
Reihl, E. A., Godfrey, Route 2
Shaw, James B., Urbana, Box 143, Univ. Sta.
Swisher, S. L., Mulkeytown
Sundstrand, Mrs. G. D., 916 Garfield Ave., Rockford
Wells, Oscar, Farina

INDIANA

Crain, Donald J., 1313 North St., Logansport
Jackson, Francis M., 122 N. Main St., South Bend
Reed, W. C., Vincennes
Redmon, Felix, Rockport, R. R. 2, Box 32
Rowell, Mrs. George P., 219 North 5th St., Goshen
Simpson, H. D., Vincennes
Staderman, A. L., 120 South 7th St., Terre Haute
Wilkinson, J. F., Rockport

IOWA

Bricker, C. W., Ladora
Finnell, J. F. C., Hamburg
Pfeiffer, W. F., Fayette
Skromme, L. J. (Skromme Seed Company), Roland
Snyder, D. C., Center Point
Snyder, S. W., Center Point

KANSAS

Bishop, S. L., Conway Springs
Gray, Dr. Clyde, Horton
Sharpe, James, Council Grove

KENTUCKY

Baker, Sam C., Beaver Dam, R. D. No. 2
Livengood, Frank M., Berea

MAINE

Leavitt, Mrs. Alice D., 79 High St., Brighton

MARYLAND

Auchter, E. C., College Park
Littlepage, Miss Louise, Bowie
Keenan, Dr. John F., Brentwood
O'Connor, P. J., Bowie

MASSACHUSETTS

*Bowditch, James H., 903 Tremont Bldg., Boston
Cleaver, C. Leroy, Hingham Center
Jackson, Arthur H., 63 Fayerweather St., Cambridge
Mass. Agriculture College, Library of, Amherst
Scudder, Dr. Charles L., 209 Beacon St., Boston

MICHIGAN

Beck, J. P., 25 James, Saginaw
Charles, Dr. Elmer, Pontiac
Cross, John L., 104 Division St., Bangor
Graves, Henry B., 2134 Dime Bank Bldg., Detroit
Guild, Stacy R., 562 So. 7th St., Ann Arbor
Hartig, G. F., Bridgeman, R. F. D. No. 1
Henshall, H., 527 Harper St., Detroit
House, George W., Ford Bldg., Detroit
Kellogg, Dr. J. H., Battle Creek, 202 Manchester St.
*Linton, W. S., Saginaw, Pres. Board of Trade
Mac Nab, Dr. Alex B., Cassopolis
McKale, H. B., Lansing, Route 6
Olson, A. E., Holton
Penny, Harvey A., Saginaw, 425 So. Jefferson Ave.
Smith, Edward J., 85 So. Union St., Battle Creek

MISSISSIPPI

Bechtel, Theo., Ocean Springs

MISSOURI

Crosby, Miss Jessie M., 4241 Harrison St., Kansas City
Hazen, Josiah J., (Neosho Nurseries Co.) Neosho
Rhodes, J. I., 224 Maple St., Neosho
Spellen, Howard P., 4505a W. Papin St., St. Louis
Stark, P. C., Louisiana

NEBRASKA

Caha, William, Wahoo
Thomas, Dr. W. A., Lincoln

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Stevens, Henry B., N. H. College of Agriculture, Durham

NEVADA

Swingle, C. G., Hazen

NEW JERSEY

Brown, Jacob S., Elmer, Salem Co.
*Jaques, Lee W., 74 Waverly St., Jersey City
Landmann, Miss M. V. Cranbury, R. D. No. 2
Marshall, S. L., Vineland
Marston, Edwin S., Florham Park, Box 72
Phillips, Irving S., 501 Madison St., West New York
Price, John R., 36 Ridgdale Ave., Madison
Ridgeway, C. S., Lumberton
Salvage, W. K., Farmingdale
Westcoat Wilmer, 230 Knight Ave., Collingswood

NEW YORK

Abbott, Frederick B., 1211 Tabor Court, Brooklyn
Adams, Sidney I., 418 Powers Bldg., Rochester
Ashworth, Fred L., Heuvelton
Babcock, H. J., Lockport
Bixby, Willard G., 32 Grand Ave., Baldwin, L. I.
Borchers, H. Chas., Wenga Farm, Armonk
Brown, Ronold K., 320 Broadway, New York City
Buist, Dr. G. J., 3 Hancock St., Brooklyn
Clark, George H., 131 State St., Rochester
Crane, Alfred J., Monroe
Coriell, A. S., 120 Broadway, New York City
Diprose, Alfred H., 468 Clinton Ave., South, Rochester
Ellwanger, Mrs. W. D., 510 East Ave., Rochester
Gager, Dr. C. Stewart, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn
Gillet, Dr. Henry W., 140 W. 57th St., New York City
Goeltz, Mrs. M. H., 2524 Creston Ave., New York City
Graham, S. H., R. D. 5, Ithaca
Hall, L. W., Jr., 509 Cutler Bldg., Rochester (L. W. Hall Co., Inc.)
Harper, George W., Jr., 115 Broadway, New York City
Hodge, James, 199 Kingsbridge Road West, Kingsbridge, N. Y. C.
Hodgson, Casper W., Yonkers, (World Book Co.)
Hoffman, Arthur S., 26 Church St., White Plains
Kains, M. G., Pomona
Jewett, Edmund G., 16 Elliott Place, Brooklyn
Johnson, Harriet, M. B., 15th & 4th Ave., New York City
*Huntington, A. M., 15 W. 81st St., New York City
MacDaniel, S. H., Dept. of Pomology, New York State College of
Agriculture, Ithaca
McGlennon, J. S., 528 Cutler Building, Rochester
Meyers, Charles, 316 Adelphi St., Brooklyn
Olcott, Ralph T. (Editor American Nut Journal), Ellwanger and Barry
Building, Rochester
Pomeroy, A. C., Lockport
Richardson, J. M., 2 Columbus Circle, New York City
Ritchie, John W., Yonkers, 2 A Beach Street
Ryder, Clayton, Carmel
Stephen, John W., Syracuse, New York State College of Forestry
Solley, Dr. John B., 968 Lexington Ave., New York City
Teele, Arthur W., 120 Broadway, New York City
Vollertsen, Conrad, 375 Gregory St., Rochester
Wetmore, W. J., Elmira
Whitney, Arthur C., 9 Manila St., Rochester
Whitney, Leon F., 65 Barclay St., New York City
Wile, M. E., 955 Harvard St., Rochester
Williams, Dr. Chas. Mallory, 4 W. 50th St., New York City
*Wisman, Mrs. F. de R. Westchester, New York City

NORTH CAROLINA

Hutchings, Miss L. G., Pine Bluff
C. W. Matthews, North Carolina Dept. of Agriculture, Raleigh
Van Lindley, J., (J. Van Lindley Nursery Co.), Pomona

OHIO

Burton, J. Howard, Casstown
Dayton, J. H., (Storrs & Harrison), Painesville
Fickes, W. R., Wooster, R. No. 6
Jackson, A. V., 3275 Linwood Rd., Cincinnati
Ketchem, C. S., Middlefield Box 981
Pomerene Julius, 1914 East 116th St., Cleveland
Ramsey, John, 1803 Freeman Ave., Cincinnati
Truman, G. G., Perrysville, Box 167
*Weber, Harry R., Cincinnati, 123 East 6th St.
Yunck, Edward G., 706 Central Ave., Sandusky

OKLAHOMA

Beitmen, C. E., Dr., Skedee

OREGON

Marvin, Cornelia, Oregon State Library, Salem
Nelson, W. W., R. 3, Box 652, Portland
Pearcy, Knight, 210 Oregon Building, Salem

PENNSYLVANIA

Althouse, C. Scott, 820 North 5th St., Reading
Balthaser, James M., Wernersville, Berks Co.
Bohn, Dr. H. W., 34 No. 9th St., Reading
Bolton, Charles G., Zieglerville
Bomberger, John S., Lebanon, R. F. D. No. 1
Chapin, Irvin, Shickshinny
Clark, D. F., 147 N. 13th St., Harrisburg
Druckemiller, W. H., Sunbury
Fagan, Prof. F. N., State College
Fritz, Ammon P., 35 E. Franklin St., Ephrata
Heffner, H., Leeper
Hess, Elam G., Manhein
Hile, Anthony, Curwensville
Irwin, Ernest C., 66 St. Nicholas Bldg., Pittsburg
Jenkins, Charles Francis, Philadelphia--Farm Journal
*Jones, J. F., Lancaster, Box 527
Kaufman, M. M., Clarion
Leas, F. C., Merion Station
Mellor, Alfred, 152 W. Walnut Lane, Germantown, Philadelphia
Minick, C. G., Ridgway
Murphy, P. J., Scranton, Vice-Pres. L. & W. R. R. Co.
Myers, J. Everitt, R. D. No. 3, York Springs
Neagley, C. H., Greencastle, R. D. No. 2
Patterson, J. E., 77 North Franklin St., Wilkes Barre
*Rick, John, 438 Pennsylvania Square, Reading
Rittenhouse, Dr. J. F. S., Lorane
Robinson, W. I., Fort Loudon
Rose, William J., 413 Market St., Harrisburg "Personal"
Rush, J. G., West Willow
Russell, Dr. Andrew L., 729 Wabash Bldg., Pittsburgh
Shoemaker, H. C., 1739 Main St., Northampton
Smedley, Samuel L., Newton Square, R. F. D. No. 1
Smith Dr. J. Russell, Swarthmore
*Sober, C. K. Col., Lewisburg
Spencer, L. N., 216 East New St., Lancaster
Taylor, Lowndes, West Chester, Box 3, Route 1
Walter, R. G., Willow Grove, Doylestown Pike
Weaver, William S., McCungie
Wilhelm, Dr. Edward A., Clarion
*Wister, John C., Wister St. & Clarkson Ave., Germantown

SOUTH CAROLINA

Shanklin, A. G., Prof., Clemson College
Kendall, Dr. F. D., 1317 Hampton Ave., Columbus

TENNESSEE

Waite, J. W., Normandy

VERMONT

Aldrich, A. W., Springfield, R. F. D. No. 3
Holbrook, F. C., Battleboro

VIRGINIA

Harris, D. C., Capital Landing Road, Williamsburg
Jordan, J. H., Bohannon
Parrish, John S., Charlottesville, Route No. 4
Roper, W. N., Petersburg

WASHINGTON

Baines, William, Okanogan
Turk, Richard H., Washougal

WEST VIRGINIA

Brooks, Fred E., French Creek
Cannaday, Dr. J. E., Charleston, Box 693
Hartzel, B. F., Shepherdstown
Mish, A. F., Inwood

WISCONSIN

Lang, Robert B., Racine, Box 103
Patchen, Dr. G. W., Manitowoc

* Life Member
** Honorary Member

CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE I

_Name._ This society shall be known as the NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION.

ARTICLE II

_Object._ Its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing plants, their products and their culture.

ARTICLE III

_Membership._ Membership in the society shall be open to all persons who desire to further nut culture, without reference to place of residence or nationality, subject to the rules and regulations of the committee on membership.

ARTICLE IV

_Officers._ There shall be a president, a vice-president, a secretary and a treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting; and an executive committee of six persons, of which the president, the two last retiring presidents, the vice-president, the secretary and the treasurer shall be members. There shall be a state vice-president from each state, dependency, or country represented in the membership of the association, who shall be appointed by the president.

ARTICLE V

_Election of Officers._ A committee of five members shall be elected at the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the following year.

ARTICLE VI

_Meetings._ The place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made at this time, the executive committee shall choose the place and time for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee.

ARTICLE VII

_Quorum._ Ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum, but must include two of the four elected officers.

ARTICLE VIII

_Amendments._ This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment having been read at the previous annual meeting, or a copy of the proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member thirty days before the date of the annual meeting.

BY-LAWS

ARTICLE I

_Committees._ The association shall appoint standing committees as follows: On membership, on finance, on programme, on press and publication, on nomenclature, on promising seedlings, on hybrids, and an auditing committee. The committee on membership may make recommendations to the association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member.

ARTICLE II

_Fees._ Annual members shall pay two dollars annually, or three dollars and twenty-five cents, including a year's subscription to the American Nut Journal. Contributing members shall pay five dollars annually, this membership including a year's subscription to the American Nut Journal. Life members shall make one payment of fifty dollars, and shall be exempt from further dues. Honorary members shall be exempt from dues.

ARTICLE III

_Membership._ All annual memberships shall begin either with the first day of the calendar quarter following the date of joining the Association, or with the first day of the calendar quarter preceding that date as may be arranged between the new member and the Treasurer.

ARTICLE IV

_Amendments._ By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of members present at any annual meeting.

PROCEEDINGS AT THE

TWELFTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION

LANCASTER, PA.

OCTOBER 6 AND 7, 1921

The Convention was called to order at 10 a. m. Thursday, October 6, 1921, by the President, Hon. William S. Linton, of Saginaw, Michigan, in the convention hall of the Brunswick Hotel, Lancaster, Pa.

THE PRESIDENT: It certainly is a pleasure and a privilege for us to meet in the prosperous and historic Pennsylvania City of Lancaster. I am sure that we will have a successful meeting, and I am certain also that during the past year progress has been made in our work which when read into the records will show that we have accomplished material good. Without further preliminary remarks, and with the statement that my address or report will come later during the session, we will proceed immediately with our programme.

I have the honor to call upon the representative of the Mayor of Lancaster, Oliver S. Schaeffer, for the welcoming address.

OLIVER S. SCHAEFFER, ESQ.: Mr. President, Members of the Northern Nut Growers' Association, Friends and Guests: On behalf of the Mayor and the people of Lancaster I extend to you their greetings and bid you a most hearty and cordial welcome.

We feel honored that you have selected for the second time this city for the holding of your convention. Your esteemed president referred to Lancaster City as an historic city, and no doubt all of you know that Lancaster is frequently called the garden spot of the world.

Historically Lancaster City was the capital of Pennsylvania for thirty-three years, I think from 1779 to 1812. During the Revolutionary War when the British troops occupied Philadelphia the Continental Congress met here for a while in a building that formerly stood at Center Square where you now see the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.

I was talking to your secretary a few minutes in the hotel lobby this morning and he told me that while some of you were in the nut business with a majority of you it was a hobby. That is the altruistic spirit that counts in these days when most of us look upon things in a materialistic way.

There was a time when I thought that most nuts came from Brazil, but I am glad to learn that we grow the nuts we eat here in the good old U. S. A., and some right here in Pennsylvania and in Lancaster County.

I cannot help but think of the chestnut blight that has worked havoc throughout our state and some other states. It has occasioned a big material loss. Yet I think too of another side of the loss and that is the spiritual side because our "chestnut parties" are now becoming a past memory. It is up to men like you to retrieve that loss and to bring back to our youth the chance of experiencing that innocent pleasure the gathering of chestnuts.

As I look into your faces here this morning (and while you are not numerous you make up in quality what you lack in quantity), I cannot help but congratulate you on showing the spirit that means progress. I cannot help but feel also that you are optimists, and they are what we need at the present time.

I will not trespass upon your time any longer. I again bid you a most warm welcome to our city and on behalf of the Mayor hand you the symbolic key of this city to enable you to go where you please.

THE PRESIDENT: Working with us unselfishly for the past two or three years has been a Michigan man who has had in mind the benefit of his locality, the State of Michigan and the United States. It was his privilege to introduce the first bill into a state legislature that became a law making it obligatory upon state authorities to plant useful trees along the roadside throughout the entire state that he represented so well in the Senate. I take pleasure in calling upon that member to respond to the eloquent words of the Mayor's representative. I would ask Senator Penney to reply to Mr. Schaeffer.

HON. HARVEY A. PENNEY: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of this Convention, and Mr. Mayor: We all appreciate this warm and hospitable greeting. Some of us are a long way from home. Mr. Linton, and I come from a town somewhat the size of this. We have about sixty-five thousand people, a large and growing city with a lot of prosperous and very wealthy men in it. We feel that in coming here we are coming to a city something like our own. We have been very much impressed with your city since we have been here. I am glad to see that colonial spirit, the spirit of '76, which permeates your people here. Up in Saginaw, of course, we do not have the same things to remind us of the past that you have. You have your monuments and those things that call your attention continually to it; but I am sure that our people are as patriotic as your people. However, I think that the spirit of '76 which still permeates the East helps to keep the whole country in line for the patriotic upholding of our governmental institutions.

While most of the men here are interested especially in the scientific investigation and promotion of the nut industry, my friend Mr. Linton and I have been more particularly interested in road-side planting. Along with the promotion and building of good highways we fell into the idea of beautifying those highways. At the time the people in the East were having their trouble in the colonial days, the revolutionary days, our town was unheard of. It was simply way back in the forest and the wilderness and it was not until very early in this past century that Saginaw was even thought of. Mr. Linton and I talked last night about different things connected with the history of our country and we spoke of De Tocqueville, the great French traveler and explorer who came to America way back in 1831. He wished to go into the wilds of this country and see for himself what was here. He went to Buffalo and crossed the lakes to Detroit. Detroit was then a city of about two thousand inhabitants. And then he had the desire to go up into the wilds where nothing but wild animals and wild people lived; so he went up on a trail that led to what is now Pontiac perhaps thirty or forty miles northwest of Saginaw; that was about the end of the trail. There were one or two settlers who lived there. He picked up a couple of Indian guides and started through the trackless forest, sixty or seventy miles up through the northwest to what is now Saginaw. He had his desire fully satisfied. He was eaten up by mosquitoes and rattlesnakes in the swamps and marshes; he could not sleep nor anything else; so he came back. That was away back in 1831, fifty years or more after your people were fighting and struggling for the liberty of this country.

I wish to say in closing that we all highly appreciate the welcome that has been extended to us on behalf of the Mayor of this fine city.

THE PRESIDENT: Next on the program will come the report of the secretary.

THE SECRETARY: I regret the smallness of the secretary's accomplishment for the past year. Except for the editing of the annual report--which is much a matter of cutting out superfluous words--and the effort to get speakers for this convention, he has attempted very little.

This is not, however, for lack of things that could and should have been done. An energetic campaign for new members is the most obvious desideratum. The committee to prepare and issue a bulletin on the roadside planting of nut trees, arranged to give information for every part of the country, has been innocuous as well as useless. Perhaps this meeting will afford stimulus and material enough to get it to work.

I think that few of the members realize how the inactivity of the secretary has been more than made up for by the industry of the treasurer. Perhaps they are reciprocally cause and consequence. Not only has the treasurer discharged the usual duties of that office but he has also attended to most of the correspondence and clerical work. He has conducted the nut contests which, under his management, have developed to formidable proportions requiring immense expenditure of time and effort.

These nut contests have now become so widely known as to return us a good idea of what we may expect of the native nuts of the country. Undoubtedly we have not yet found the best nuts that this country produces, except perhaps in the case of the pecan. But Mr. Bixby's labors, continuing the work begun by Dr. Morris, have reached such results that I think he will be willing to say that we have nearly reached the limit of natural excellence in the nuts already discovered.

In fact it seems to me that we have reached the point where further improvement in nuts for cultivation is to be looked for especially from purposeful hybridizing by man. It should be another of the chief aims of this association to induce self-perpetuating institutions to get together the material necessary for such work. Such material already exists in incomplete form--incomplete, that is, especially in horticultural varieties--as in the Arnold Arboretum and in the Public Park at Rochester. The Arnold Arboretum, through our treasurer's efforts, has agreed to give more attention to nut growing and breeding. The St. Louis Botanical Garden and the Brooklyn Botanical Garden, through the efforts and generosity of Mr. Bixby and Mr. Jones, have made special plantings of horticultural varieties, and this summer the New York Botanical Garden was induced to set out a number of grafted and seedling nut trees given by Mr. Jones, Mr. Bixby, Mr. W. C. Reed, the McCoy Nut Nurseries and others.

But unless this association can keep their interest alive it is likely that some of these institutional plantings will be neglected, especially as regards the highest development of their possibilities. In one botanical garden visited this summer the casual nut tree plantings running back thirty years have been entirely neglected and the trees are stunted almost to extinction. I hope that our members will lose no opportunity to visit these institutions and ask to see the nut tree plantings. One or two such visits in a year will help to keep our wards in the institutional mind.

We cannot expect from these gardens, at present at least, interest in breeding experiments. That is more properly a function of agricultural experiment stations. These are so short manned and short funded, so absorbed in problems offering quicker results, that it is difficult to get them even to consider nut growing. I do not recall a single experiment station in the country where any nut breeding experiments are being conducted. A few manifest a little interest in planting horticultural varieties but the only breeding experiments that I know of, or at this moment recall, are those of Dr. Morris, Dr. Van Fleet, Mr. Forkert and Mr. Jones. All of these experimenters have produced results that more than indicate great possibilities.

Therefore I think that more of the energy of this association should be expended in influencing the self perpetuating horticultural institutions to see the importance of nut culture.

Attention should be called also to our treasurer's initiative, perseverance and industry in issuing Bulletin No. 5 on Nut Culture, in improving and reprinting our accredited list of nut nurserymen, in visiting, photographing and describing many of our important parent nut trees, in securing and distributing scions, in promoting experimental topworking of native nut trees in promising localities, in developing a varietal and experimental nut orchard which in time will be second to none in these respects, and in many other promotions of the objects of our association, unsparingly of his energy and his means.

It is curious that the biggest development in nut tree planting, for which we are responsible apparently, and practically the only considerable development of the roadside planting of nut trees, about which we have been talking so much, is on the other side of the earth, in China, where Mr. Wang, one of our members, and associated with the Kinsan Arboretum, is planting along the new model highway from Shanghai to Hangkow, a ton of black walnuts bought in this country and shipped to him through Mr. Bixby.

Two public horticultural institutions in Canada have written me about making nut plantings.

We seem, perhaps, in this land, too busy making what we call wealth, and armaments to protect it, too busy to give attention to the food supply of the future race.

To summarise, the association may feel that its purpose as originally stated, and never changed, "The Promotion of Interest in Nut Bearing Plants, their Products and their Culture," has been furthered consistently though results are slow. For the future we should work, 1. For a greater membership. 2. To stimulate interest in horticultural institutions, especially in nut breeding. 3. To give definite information that will encourage nut tree planting for profit by individuals. 4. To promote roadside, memorial and public place planting of nut trees. 5. To discover still more of our valuable native nut trees through our prize contests.

Mr. C. A. Reed has made a suggestion which I will lay before you and which may be considered at a later hour. He suggests that it might be better to have our conventions once in two years, every other one to be held in Washington.

This is so radical a proposal that it should have prolonged consideration before adoption.

The affairs of the association are not getting from the secretary the attention they deserve and he does not foresee better attention in the future. He wishes that some more active person could be found for the place and would be very glad to have the association elect another secretary.

THE PRESIDENT: The secretary's report will be received and filed with the proceedings. Are there any remarks in connection therewith?

Personally, I wish to endorse emphatically what the secretary has said relative to Treasurer Bixby who has worked early and late and has promoted the affairs of this association to a very great degree. His work is along practical lines and brings results.

The secretary finds fault with himself. No member of the association endorses that particular phase of his paper because his work has been good, he has had the best interests of the association at heart at all times--that I personally know--and I sincerely hope that he may change his mind relative to his successor.

We will now listen to the report of Treasurer Bixby.

NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION
In account with
WILLARD G. BIXBY, TREASURER

RECEIPTS

Balance on hand Oct. 1, 1921: | | | | Special Hickory Price, $25.00; Life | | | | Membership, $25.00; for Regular | | | | Expenses, $25.26 | | | |$ 75.26 From Annual members including joint | | | | subscriptions to American Nut | | | | Journal |$199.50|$ 423.58|$ 623.08| Reports | 5.50| 7.50| 13.00| Contribution for prizes | 54.00| 15.00| 69.00| Contribution to meet expenses | | 602.50| 602.50| Bulletin No. 5 | 12.73| 60.94| 73.67| Cash discount on bills paid | .48| | .48| Postage returned | | .10| .10| Advertising in Report | | 5.00| 5.00| Life Membership P. W. Wang | | 20.00| 20.00| Funds Received for transmission to | | | | other parties | | 1.00| 1.00| Salary check returned by Secretary | | 50.00| 50.00| |_______|_________|_________|_________ |$272.21|$1,185.62|$1,457.83|$1,457.83 Deficit October 1, 1921: | | | | Balance Special Hickory prize |$ 25.00| | | Life Membership | 45.00| | | Deficit for regular expenses[A] | 246.07| | | 176.07 |_______| | |_________ Net deficit | | | | 1,709.16

EXPENDITURES

American Nut Journal, their portion | | | | of joint subscriptions |$ 64.00|$1 99.65|$ 263.65| 1920 Convention | 85.00| | 85.00| Printing Bulletin No. 5 | | 62.50| 62.50| Stationery, Printing & Supplies | 50.55| 91.01| 141.56| Postage, Express, etc. | 36.60| 75.78| 112.38| Prizes 1919 Nut Contest | 128.00| | 128.00| Advertising 1920 Nut Contest | 52.08| | 52.08| Printing Report 10th Meeting | 69.09| 400.05| 469.14| Printing Report 11th Meeting | | 341.85| 341.85| Funds received for Transmission to | | | | other parties | | 3.00| 3.00| Salary Secretary | 50.00| | 50.00| |_______|_________|_________|_________ |$535.32|$1,173.84|$1,709.16|$1,709.16

Forty-seven new members have joined the Association since the last report, making 523 since organization, of which we have 221, making 302 who have resigned or otherwise dropped out. It will be noticed that the number of members received last year, 47, is less than the number reported a year ago, 66. This in the judgment of the Treasurer is entirely due to the less amount of energy expended for a smaller proportion of members have dropped out than a year ago. While the gaining of members is not particularly easy it can be done and the number gained to quite an extent is in proportion to the energy put on it.

The finances of the Association this year are in a more troublesome situation than any year since the undersigned had charge. Two reports each at double normal cost each is quite enough to cause it. An inspection of the Treasurer's accounts have made it evident that during no year in the history of the Association have the dues received been equal to the cost of carrying on the Association. Each year some members interested have contributed in addition to paying dues. During the year past these sums have been considerable. It is believed that with only one report a year there will be only normal difficulty in handling the finances of the Association. The orderly conduct of the finances of the Association makes it very desirable that normal receipts of dues take care of normal expenditures with a little margin for contingencies. The matter of classes of membership would seemingly help on this. The treasurer would not recommend changing the annual membership from its present figures, $2.00, but would suggest that this meeting consider making a class of contributing members at $5.00 per year including the American Nut Journal. This would give the Association double the income from each such member that it now gets for most members accept the combination offer of membership in the Association and subscription to the American Nut Journal at $3.25 for both which nets the Association $1.75 per year.

Respectfully submitted,
Sept. 30, 1921. WILLARD G. BIXBY.

THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Bixby is certainly a first class treasurer. He makes a recommendation in his report. Do you desire to act upon it at this time? I refer to his recommendation relative to a new class of membership. It is a first class suggestion and a motion covering it would be in order.

THE SECRETARY: I move that a committee of three be appointed by the president to consider the recommendation of the treasurer relative to different classes of membership and to report at this meeting.

MR. A. C. POMEROY: I second the motion.

The motion was carried.

THE PRESIDENT: I will appoint as that committee the treasurer, Mr. Bixby, the secretary, Dr. Deming, and Mr. R. T. Olcott.

Mr. Reed, the chairman of the committee on road-side planting, is in California, and unable to be with us at this session. If a report is to come from that committee it must necessarily come from some other member, so we will defer action on that particular report at this time.

We also regret the absence of Dr. Morris the first president of the association. He is unable to be with us at this meeting but he has forwarded a paper and unless there are objections we will receive it at this time and have it read by the secretary.

NUT TREES FOR PUBLIC PLACES

DR. ROBERT T. MORRIS, NEW YORK

The question of the planting of nut trees along highways and in parks and other public grounds falls into classification under two separate and distinct heads. First, the abstract proposition of planting useful trees upon ground which is not usefully occupied otherwise. Second, the reaction of human nature to the different phases of the proposition. The latter part is the larger part of the question, otherwise the work would already have been done.

Let us take up the smaller part of the question first. Nut trees which are indigenous to any locality, or allied species from other countries having similar soil and climatic conditions, will grow and thrive on public grounds quite as well as upon private property. They will be as beautiful and as useful upon public grounds as they are upon private property, speaking in a large way, although disposal of their products will go along different channels perhaps. Nut trees of various species will be quite as beautiful and distinctly more useful than any of the other trees that are commonly selected for planting upon public grounds. Because of the inclusion of the economic factor the question as to whether nut trees may well supplant the kinds of trees commonly selected is not a debatable question.

Let us leave this part of the subject however and take up question number two, relating to the human nature side. A little examination into this phase of the matter will disclose reasons why nut trees are not already along our highways and in parks and other public grounds. The supplying of trees on a large scale for such a purpose is commonly done by contract with nurserymen. Nurserymen find it more profitable to raise certain kinds of trees instead of other kinds. Nurserymen are prone to raise kinds which are most profitable. Public officials who are making contracts sometimes look for perquisites. These include acceptance from nurserymen of bonuses for letting the contract. Here then we have at the very outset of the problem two large obstacles to the purchase of nut trees for public places. The carrying forward of any large project of this sort means reliance upon someone with legislative resources. In my experience legislators are commonly keen to approve of any project which will render public service when they are fully convinced of that fact. If not fully convinced of that fact and reserving the feeling that private interests are being served they wait until somebody who knows how to see the legislator has seen him. Another phase of the question relates to the attitude of the people toward public property in a so-called free country. People are prone to take anything that they please from anything which is so impersonal as a country. Nut trees planted in public places would have their crops carried off by every passer by to such an extent that revenue for the upkeep of the trees would be difficult to obtain. In some of the European countries this obstacle has not been insurmountable. There are many villages in Europe in which privately owned fields are not even fenced and fruit and nut trees growing for the benefit of the village are left untouched by the passer by in this older civilization. A man would no more think of taking what belonged to the town than he would think of taking property from the storehouse of a neighbor. In this country we have not yet arrived at that point in civilization. The distinction between _meum_ and _tuum_ in a free country is sometimes blurred.

What are we to do about this whole question? That is the practical point. Change human nature and educate the public. In towns belonging to our system of government there is some question if the public would ever allow nut trees to bring revenue sufficient for their upkeep and to yield a profit for the town. On the other hand, by means of education the public may come to desire the planting of nut trees along the highways and in other public places to the extent that it will submit to taxation for the purpose. The public planting of nut trees belongs to progress. If we are to remain boastful of progress in this country the question will gradually be developed in a practical way.

THE PRESIDENT: You have heard the reading of Dr. Morris's paper. Are there any remarks thereon or any discussion?

MR. A. C. POMEROY: Some years ago there was objection raised at Los Angeles to the use of sewage water for irrigating purposes in raising tomatoes and other vegetables. The city then bought the property and set out orchards of English walnuts. I understand that they are growing and that the revenue goes to the city of Los Angeles.

As to the road-side planting of nut trees in Europe, to which Dr. Morris refers, the very first battle fought in the great world war when the Belgians were resisting the Germans was along where there were thirty miles of English walnut trees on both sides of a highway. I understood that every tree was demolished. I think our secretary or treasurer could find out about the Los Angeles park and the nut trees.

As to monument trees, about twelve or fifteen years ago, at my home, I set out a grove in our cemetery in memory of my father and it is doing fine. It seemed quite appropriate for he took such an interest in nut growing.

THE SECRETARY: I would like to speak a word in defense of our American civilization, as evidenced by something that Mr. Bixby and I saw this summer at Lockport, New York. We observed that one of the main highways leading from the town of Lockport to one of the principal lakeside resorts, was unfenced, lined with fruit trees on both sides--cherry trees which overhung the sidewalk. The sides of the road also were planted with tomatoes and other vegetables apparently unharmed. The trees certainly did not show any evidence of injury from depredations. Whether the products of the trees were taken or not I do not know but they still had fruit on them. Possibly those who live in that neighborhood--Mr. Olcott and Mr. Pomeroy--could tell us more in defense of American civilization as to depredations on road-side property.

MR. POMEROY: There are some people--what do you call them--dung hills--in this world, and I have had a little trouble with them but not much. They run around in automobiles and get out and take fruit. Dr. Deming and Mr. Olcott know how close the school house is to my home. The fact is the children walk under the nut trees when they take the cut through the private driveway, but I have very little trouble with them. I think the greatest object lesson was given last year, when two young men, who were hunting pheasants, took a half bushel of nuts and were caught at it. They did not think it amounted to anything. They came along up to the house and the nuts were taken and put upon the drying rack. While they were arguing an automobile stopped and the nuts were sold. They came to nine dollars and a few cents by the pound. One of these young men--he was in the retail tobacco business,--threw up his hands and said, "I admit it; I would not want you to walk into my store and grab nine or ten dollars' worth of goods; I admit this is all wrong."

MR. R. T. OLCOTT: I have been very much surprised in the discussion of road-side planting, of fruit and nut trees at the prominence given to that feature of it which deals with the public taking the crop. That seems to me to be such a minor part of the proposition as to be almost negligible, and while it continues to arouse discussion I cannot see the vital importance of it. In a great many undertakings there are drawbacks but the undertakings go right on and when the difficulties arise they are met in turn. I think the thing for this association, and all others in favor of road-side tree planting to do is to go ahead with the proposition and forget the question of the crop and what is going to be done with it. As a matter of fact farmers are complaining continually of the depredations on their orchards resulting from the increase of automobile parties--perfectly respectable people going out on the road-side and helping themselves. If fine fruit and nut trees were planted along the road-sides and the crops were being picked, it seems to me that, under a general understanding that the public was to let these trees alone, and that any one caught or seen picking the crops would be reported by the one following, it would automatically police itself. The finger of ridicule would be pointed at a person who was so doing by somebody other than a uniformed officer, in other words by an ordinary citizen. I speak of that because in Rochester during the war when it was deemed necessary not to run automobiles on Sunday it was as much as his life was worth for a man to be out with his car on Sunday, not because of any police officer but because of the other fellow who was staying at home. I think that the other travelers along the road will take care of the fellow that violates the understanding about roadside fruit and nut trees.

THE VICE-PRESIDENT: I come from Rochester, New York, and I know that in and around Rochester there are fruit-bearing trees planted along the roadside. Out on the road to Honeoye Falls there are a number of apple trees and out through the Webster section there are a number of cherry trees. I do not know what the results have been in the garnering of crops, but the appearance of the trees indicates that they are well cared for and that they are producing abundant crops of fruit. In Albany, Georgia, planted on the street side in front of the court house, are a number of pecan trees. I have seen them loaded to capacity with splendid seedling nuts. I understand that any one walking along the sidewalk under the trees has the right to pick up any nuts that are on the walk but is not permitted (at least it has been suggested that he do not) to reach up into the trees to take the nuts. I understand that the request has been very faithfully regarded and that it is very rare that the nuts are picked from the trees. Just what is done with the crop of nuts from those trees I do not know but I assume that it is harvested and marketed and the returns made to the town. The trees indicate that they are splendidly cared for and the citizens take a great deal of pride in their splendid appearance. I talked with the man who planted them, an employee of the court house, and he himself was simply delighted that he had been responsible for such a splendid monument. And property owners referred to in my home section, before whose premises these cherry trees and apple trees were planted, I feel very sure would not complain at all bitterly, if at all, about any filching that might be indulged in. So that I think, as Mr. Olcott has suggested, that maybe we are trying to cross the bridge before we get to it; that the thing to do is to urge the planting of nut trees on the roadsides and to stimulate a sense of pride in our American citizenship.

MR. OLCOTT: We all agree that trees of this kind planted along the sides of city streets would never be touched. I have been at Miami, Florida, and have seen the bearing coconut trees there. No one would think of knocking off one of those coconuts and thousands of people pass under them.

THE SECRETARY: I think it is very important to have brought out this optimistic view on the question of depredations on road-side fruit trees. I think it is only a question of time, as Mr. Olcott says, when the public will be educated to respect such products. If they have done it in other countries we can do it in this country. It is a question of the people becoming accustomed to it when we have enough of such products. When the whole country is covered with such products I think there will be no difficulty about maintaining respect for them. You know that sometimes after the loss of a very small amount of property there will be very great reaction. Some people feel that because robins take a few cherries or strawberries all robins ought to be exterminated.

There are two other remarks in Dr. Morris's paper which should have consideration. I refer to those bearing upon nurserymen and public officials.

MR. OLCOTT: If there is any question relating to nurserymen, we are very fortunate in having one of the most prominent nurserymen in the United States at our meeting today. I refer to Mr. John Watson, of Princeton, New Jersey.

THE PRESIDENT: We certainly would be glad to hear from Mr. Watson. If I may be permitted to make a statement from the chair I agree fully with what Mr. Olcott has had to say as to depredations. Possible depredations in connection with the trees that may be planted along the road-side, either fruit or nut, are hardly worthy of consideration. With my good wife in passing through New York State recently I drove through rows of fruit trees on either side of the roads, as did Dr. Deming and Treasurer Bixby, and we were surprised to see that they were loaded with apples. The fact that the trees were loaded with fruit of course proved that the fruit had not been stolen or taken from the trees. They had not been disturbed in any way. A number of years ago while holding the position of postmaster in Saginaw I planted a black walnut. That walnut has produced a fine walnut tree. I selected a nice place on the post office grounds at a corner where two of our prominent streets meet in the business portion of the city. Last fall for the first time that tree bore walnuts--about a bushel and a half; and the employees of the postoffice gathered those walnuts and sent them in a complimentary way to me. Now that tree being in a public place, you would naturally expect the boys to have taken the nuts from it, but they did not do it. So that I know that that particular phase of this question as Mr. Olcott has said is hardly worthy of consideration. Suppose now and then the boys do get a few fallen walnuts or apples. No harm is done. Just that much more food is produced for their benefit by this way of planting.

I now take pleasure in calling upon Mr. Watson relative to Dr. Morris's reference to the nursery business.

MR. JOHN WATSON: I am afraid that Mr. Olcott's suggestion might possibly have given you the idea that I have something to say on this question or that I wanted to say something on it. I assure you that that is not the case. I am not a member of your association much to my regret. I am just visiting here trying to learn something from your meeting (this is the first one that I have attended) rather than to try to tell you something.

The question is whether I have any objection to make to Dr. Morris's two statements. I can say that they are both very reasonable. As a nurseryman I have no objection. Of course, I cannot speak for any other nurseryman.

I was rather surprised upon looking at the roll of those in attendance at this convention at the absence of nurserymen. I should think that those who produced the things that you people are trying to interest the country in would be the very men who would be the most interested in being here. It seems to me that you are trying to make a market for the goods that they are producing. I am rather surprised not to see at least half the attendance here made up of nurserymen.