Chapter C: E. F. The various applications to your bath which you have used have

destroyed it in all probability past use. All solutions containing silver will precipitate it in the form of a white powder, upon the addition of common salt; and from this chloride the pure metal is again readily obtained. The collodion of some makers always acts in the manner you describe; and we have known it remedied by the addition of about one drachm of spirits of wine to the ounce of collodion. Spirits of wine also added to the nitrate bath--two drachms of spirits of wine to six ounces of the aqueous solution--is sometimes very beneficial. When collodion is inert, and the colour remains a pale milk and water blue after the immersion, a few drops of saturated solution of iodide of silver may be added, as it indicates a deficiency of the iodide. Should the collodion then be turbid, a small lump of iodide of potassium may be dropped into the bottle, which by agitation will soon effect a clearance; when this is done, the fluid may be poured off from the excess of iodide which remains undissolved._

ALEX. RAE (Banff). _You shall have a private reply at our earliest leisure. The questions you ask would almost comprise a Treatise on Photography._

H. N. (March 30th). _1st. You will find the opacity you complain of completely removed by the use of the amber varnish, as recommended by_ DR. DIAMOND, _unless it proceeds from light having acted generally upon your sensitive collodion in the bath, or during the time of its exposure in the camera; in which case there is no cure for it.--2ndly. A greater intensity in negatives will be produced without the nitric acid, but with an addition of more acetic acid the picture is more brown and never so agreeable as a positive. 3rd. The protonitrate of iron used pure produces a picture as delicate, and having all the brilliancy of a Daguerreotype, without its unpleasant metallic reflexion--the fine metal being deposited of a dead white; and combined with the pyrogallic acid solution in the proportion of one part to six or ten, produces pictures of a most agreeable ivory-like colour.--4th. The protonitrate of iron, when mixed with the pyrogallic acid solution, becomes of a fine violet blue; but after some minutes it darkens. It should only be mixed immediately before using. The colour of the protonitrate of iron will vary, even using the same chemicals. The cheap nitrate of barytes of commerce answers exceedingly well in most cases; but a finer silver surface is obtained by the use of the purified.--5th. We have generally succeeded in obtaining portraits in an ordinary room, the sitter being placed opposite and near the window: of course, a glass-house is much better, the roof of which should be of violet glass, ground on the inner side. This glass can be bought, made especially for the purpose, at_ 11d. _the square foot. It obstructs no chemical rays of light, and is most pleasant to the eyes, causing no fatigue from the great body of light admitted._

_A few compete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._

"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday._

* * * * *{371}

A LITERARY CURIOSITY.--A Fac-simile of a very Remarkably Curious, Interesting, and Droll Newspaper of Charles II.'s Reign. Sent Free by Post on receipt of Three Postage Stamps.

J. H. FENNELL. 1. WARWICK COURT, HOLBORN, LONDON.

* * * * *

Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,

THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. Translated from the French.

Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.

General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other Talbotype Papers.

Pure Photographic Chemicals.

Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who published the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.

* * * * *

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities, either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place. Bayswater, or at MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 55. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

* * * * *

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the practice of Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt, Brébisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of WILLIAM BOLTON (formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure Chemicals for Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application.

Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr. Stewart's instructions.

146. HOLBORN BARS.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster Row, London.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.

* * * * *

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

* * *

_Directors_.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq. W. Cabell, Esq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. G. H. Drew, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq.

_Trustees._

W. Whateley, Esq. Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.

_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.

_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:--

Age £ s. d.
17 1 14 4
22 1 18 8
27 2 4 5
32 2 10 8
37 2 18 6
42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

* * * * *

ESTABLISHED 1841.

MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,

25. PALL MALL.

* * *

During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four Thousand One Hundred and Fifty Policies_--

Covering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_--

Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_.

This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of Diseased Lives.

Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other Offices.

A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at last Division of Profits.

Next Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June, 1853, will participate.

* * *

Agents wanted for vacant places.

Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of the Society's Agents in the country.

F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.
C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.

* * * * *

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY; established by Act of Parliament in 1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.

HONORARY PRESIDENTS.

Earl of Courtown
Earl Leven and Melville
Earl of Norbury
Earl of Stair
Viscount Falkland
Lord Elphinstone
Lord Belhaven and Stenton
Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan

LONDON BOARD.

_Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq.
_Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq.

H. Blair Avarne, Esq.
E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_.
C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.
William Fairlie, Esq.
D. Q. Henriques, Esq.
J. G. Henriques, Esq.
F. C. Maitland, Esq.
William Railton, Esq.
F. H. Thomson, Esq.
Thomas Thorby, Esq.

MEDICAL OFFICERS.

_Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., 8. Bennett Street, St. James's.

_Surgeon._--F. H. Thomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.

The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as follows:--

-----------------------------------------------------
| | Sum added to |
Sum | Time | Policy. | Sum
Assured. | Assured.|----------------------| payable
| | In 1841. | In 1848. | at Death.
---------+---------+----------+-----------+-----------
£ | | £ s. d. | £ s. d. | £ s. d.
5000 |14 years |683 6 8 |787 10 0 |6470 16 8
*1000 | 7 years | - - |157 10 0 |1157 10 0
500 | 1 year | - - | 11 5 0 | 511 5 0
---------+---------+----------+-----------+-----------

*EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in 1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 3d.; but the profits being 2-1/4 per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each 1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the premiums paid.

The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident Director.

* * * * *{372}

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for APRIL contains:--1. The Text of Shakspeare's Plays. 2. Mrs. Hamilton Gray's History of Rome. 3. Lares and Penates (with Engravings). 4. Jacques van Artevelde. 5. Literary Relics of James Thomson and Allan Ramsey. 6. A Word upon Wigs. 7. The Income Tax. 8. Paris after Waterloo. 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Concealed Lands; Richard of Cirencester; Artifice of a Condemned Malefactor; Billingsgate and Whittington's Conduit. With Notes of the Month; Review of New Publications; Reports of Archæological Societies, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY; including Memoirs of the Earl of Belfast, Bishop Kaye, Bishop Broughton, Sir Wathen Waller, Rear-Admiral Austen, William Peter, Esq., the late Provost of Eton, John Philip Dyott, &c. &c. Price 2s. 6d.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

* * * * *

NEW WORKS--PUBLISHED THIS DAY.

Demy 8vo., 8s.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES OF POLITICAL CATHOLICISM: ITS PAPACY--PRELACY--PRIESTHOOD--PEOPLE.

MONTENEGRO AND THE SLAVONIANS OF TURKEY. By COUNT VALERIAN KRASINSKI. Author of the "Religious History of the Slavonic Nations," &c. Fcap. 1s. 6d.

Being the New Volume of READING for TRAVELLERS.

CHAMOIS HUNTING in the MOUNTAINS of BAVARIA. By CHARLES BONER. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo., 18s.

THE DIARY OF MARTHA BETHUNE BALIOL, from 1753 to 1754. Post 8vo. 9s.

Forming the New Volume of Chapman & Hall's Series.

THE DELUGE. BY VISCOUNT MAIDSTONE. Dedicated to the Electors of Westminster. Second Edition. Price 2s. 6d.

London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly.

* * * * *

Just published, fcap. 8vo., price 5s. in cloth.

SYMPATHIES of the CONTINENT, or PROPOSALS for a NEW REFORMATION. By JOHN BAPTIST VON HIRSCHER, D.D., Dean of the Metropolitan Church of Freiburg, Breisgau, and Professor of Theology in the Roman Catholic University of that City. Translated and edited with Notes and Introduction by the Rev. ARTHUR CLEVELAND COXE, M.A., Rector of St. John's Church, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.

"The following work will be found a noble apology for the
position assumed by the Church of England in the sixteenth
century, and for the practical reforms she then introduced into
her theology and worship. If the author is right, then the
changes he so eloquently urges upon the present attention of his
brethren ought to have been made _three hundred years ago_; and
the obstinate refusal of the Council of Trent to make such
reforms in conformity with Scripture and Antiquity, throws the
whole burthen of the sin of schism upon Rome, and not upon our
Reformers. The value of such admissions must, of course, depend
in a great measure upon the learning, the character, the
position, and the influence of the author from whom they
proceed. The writer believes, that questions as to these
particulars can be most satisfactorily answered."--_Introduction
by Arthur Cleveland Coxe._

JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London

* * * * *

Just published, price One Penny,

MEMOIR OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, Bart., with an Account of his Personal Exertions for the Agricultural and Social Improvement of Scotland. By CATHERINE SINCLAIR.

This interesting Memoir, forming one of the Number of CHAMBERS'S REPOSITORY of INSTRUCTIVE and AMUSING TRACTS, has already had a circulation of Fifty Thousand Copies.

W. & R. CHAMBERS, Edinburgh; W. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, London; D. N. CHAMBERS, Glasgow; J. M'GLASHAN, Dublin; and sold by all Booksellers.

* * * * *

On 1st of April, price 1s., No. IV. New Series.

THE ECCLESIASTIC.

CONTENTS:

Morgan on the Trinity of Plato and of Philo-Judæus. Greek Hymnology. Montalembert's Catholic Interests. Second Notice. Illustrations of the State of the Church during the Great Rebellion. Reviews and Notices. Notices to Correspondents.

Now ready, price 1s., Part V. of

CONCIONALIA; Outlines of Sermons for Parochial Use throughout the Year. By the REV. HENRY THOMPSON, M.A., Cantab., Curate of Wrington, Somerset. It contains Sermons for the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Sundays after Easter; the Annunication of the Blessed Virgin Mary; St. Mark's Day. To be continued monthly.

London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street, and New Bond Street.

* * * * *

8vo., price 12s.

A MANUAL OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, from the First to the Twelfth Century inclusive. By the Rev. E. S. FOULKES, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Jesus College, Oxford.

The main plan of the work has been borrowed from Spanheim, a
learned, though certainly not unbiassed, writer of the
seventeenth century: the matter compiled from Spondanus and
Spanheim, Mosheim and Fleury, Gieseler and Döllinger, and
others, who have been used too often to be specified, unless
when reference to them appeared desirable for the benefit of the
reader. Yet I believe I have never once trusted to them on a
point involving controversy, without examining their
authorities. The one object that I have had before me has been
to condense facts, without either garbling or omitting any that
should be noticed in a work like the present, and to give a fair
and impartial view of the whole state of the case.--_Preface._

"An epitomist of Church History has a task of no ordinary
greatness.... He must combine the rich faculties of condensation
and analysis, of judgment in the selection of materials, and
calmness in the expression of opinions, with that most excellent
gift of faith, so especially precious to Church historians,
which implies a love for the Catholic cause, a reverence for its
saintly champions, an abhorrence of the misdeeds which have
defiled it, and a confidence that its 'truth is great, and will
prevail.'

"And among other qualifications which may justly be attributed
to the author of the work before us, this last and highest is
particularly observable. He writes in a spirit of manly faith,
and is not afraid of facing 'the horrors and uncertainties,'
which, to use his own words, are to be found in Church
history."--_From the Scottish Ecclesiastical Journal, May,
1852._

JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.

* * * * *

Cheaper Editions, 3s. 6d.

READINGS IN SCIENCE;

Familiar Explanations of Appearances and Principles in Natural Philosophy.

READINGS IN POETRY;

Selections from the Works of the best English Poets, with Specimens of the American Poets; Notices of the Writers; and Notes.

READINGS IN ENGLISH PROSE LITERATURE;

Specimens of the Works of the best English Writers, with Biographical Sketches and Essays on the Progress of English Literature.

READINGS IN BIOGRAPHY;

A Selection of the Lives of the most Eminent Men of all Nations.

London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.

* * * * *

This Day, 2 vols. post 8vo., 18s.

HYPATIA; or New Foes with an Old Face. By CHARLES KINGSLEY, Jun., Rector of Eversley. Reprinted from "Fraser's Magazine."

By the same Author,

THE SAINT'S TRAGEDY, Cheaper Edition, 2s.

YEAST; A PROBLEM. Reprinted from "Fraser's Magazine." Cheaper Edition, 5s.

TWENTY-FIVE VILLAGE SERMONS. Cheaper Edition, 3s. 6d.

London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.

* * * * *

This Day is published, price 4s.

~AISCHYLOU EUMENIDES~. ÆSCHYLI EUMENIDES. Recensuit F. A. PALEY. Editio Auctior et Emendatior.

Cantabrigiæ: apud J. DEIGHTON.

Londini: apud WHITTAKER ET SOC.; et SIMPKIN ET SOC.

* * * * *

3 vols. 8vo. price 2l. 8s.

A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. The Fifth Edition enlarged, exemplified by 1700 Woodcuts.

"In the Preparation of this the Fifth Edition of the Glossary of
Architecture, no pains have been spared to render it worthy of
the continued patronage which the work has received from its
first publication.

"The Text has been considerably augmented, as well by the
additions of many new Articles, as by the enlargement of the old
ones, and the number of Illustrations has been increased from
eleven hundred to seventeen hundred.

"Several additional Foreign examples are given, for the purposes
of comparison with English work, of the same periods.

"In the present Edition, considerably more attention has been
given to the subject of Mediæval Carpentry, the number of
Illustrations of 'Open Timber Roofs' has been much increased,
and most of the Carpenter's terms in use at the period have been
introduced with authorities."--_Preface to the Fifth Edition._

JOHN HENRY PARKER. Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.

* * * * *

Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 15. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 9. 1853.