Chapter I: Part 1

{421}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

* * * * *

No. 183.] SATURDAY, APRIL 30. 1853. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.

* * * * *

CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page

Proclamation of Henry VIII. against the Possession of
Religious Books, by Joseph Burtt 421

Latin: Latiner 423

Inedited Poems, by W. Honeycombe 424

Round Towers of the Cyclades 425

Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, &c. 426

General Monk and the University of Cambridge 427

MINOR NOTES:--Curiosities of Railway Literature--
Cromwell's Seal--Rhymes upon Places--Tom Track's Ghost 427

QUERIES:--

Jacob Bobart and his Dragon, &c., By H. T. Bobart 428

Bishop Berkeley's Portrait, by Dr. J. H. Todd 428

MINOR QUERIES:--Life--"The Boy of Heaven"--
Bells--Captain Ayloff--Robert Johnson--Selling a Wife--
Jock of Arden--Inigo Jones--Dean Boyle--Euphormio--
Optical Query--Archbishop King--Neal's Manuscripts--
Whence the Word "Cossack?"--Picts' Houses and Argils--
The Drummer's Letter--The Cardinal Spider--New England
Genealogical Society, &c. 429

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Dr. John Harcliffe,
Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel Kettilby--"Haulf Naked" 431

REPLIES:--

The Legend of Lamech: Hebrew Etymology, by H. Walter,
T. J. Buckton, and Joseph Rix 432

Lord Coke's Charge to the Jury 433

White Roses, by James Crossley 434

Burial of Unclaimed Corpse 435

Psalmanazar, by James Crossley 435

Grafts and the Parent Tree 436

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Glass Baths--Securing
Calotype Negatives 437

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Wood of the Cross--Bishops'
Lawn Sleeves--Inscriptions in Books--Lines
quoted by Charles Lamb--Parochial Libraries--Huet's
Navigations of Solomon--Derby Municipal
Seal--Annueller--Rev. Richard Midgley, Vicar of
Rochdale--Nose of Wax--Canongate Marriages--Sculptured
Emaciated Figures--Do the Sun's Rays
put out the Fire?--Spontaneous Combustion--Ecclesia
Anglicana--Wyle Cop--Chaucer--Campvere, Privileges
of--Sir Gilbert Gerard--Mistletoe--Wild
Plants and their Names--Coninger or Coningry 437

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Notes on Books, &c. 441

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 442

Notices to Correspondents 442

Advertisements 442

* * * * *

Notes.

PROCLAMATION OF HENRY VIII. AGAINST THE POSSESSION OF RELIGIOUS BOOKS.

The progress of the Reformation in England must have been greatly affected by the extent to which the art of printing was brought to bear upon the popular mind. Before the charms of Anne Boleyn could have had much effect, or "doubts" had troubled the royal conscience, Wolsey had been compelled to forbid the introduction or printing of books and tracts calculated to increase the unsettled condition of the faith.

The following proclamation, now for the first time printed, may have originated in the ineffectual result of the cardinal's directions. The readers of Strype and Fox will see that the threats which both contain were no idle ones, and that men were indeed "corrected and punisshed for theyr contempte and disobedience, to the terrible example of other lyke trangressours."

The list of books prohibited by the order of 1526 contains all those mentioned by name in the present proclamation, except the _Summary of Scripture_; and it will be seen that such full, general terms are used that no obnoxious production could escape, if brought to light. The _Revelation of Antichrist_ was written by Luther.

Strype does not seem to have been aware of the existence of this particular proclamation, which was issued in the year 1530. Under the year 1534 (_Ecclesiastical Memorials, &c._, Oxford, 1822, vol. i. part i. p. 253.), he thus refers to what he thought to be the first royal proclamation upon the subject:

"Much light was let in among the common people by the New Testament and
other good books in English, which, for the most part being printed
beyond sea, were by stealth brought into England, and dispersed here by
well-disposed men. For the preventing the importation and using of
these books, the king this year issued out a strict proclamation, by
the petition of the clergy now met in Convocation, in the month of
December.

"Nor was this the first time such books were prohibited to be brought
in: for us small quantities of them were secretly conveyed into these
parts from time to time, for the discovering, in that dark age, the
{422} gross papal innovations, as well in the doctrine of the Sacrament
as in image-worship, addressing to saints, purgatory, pilgrimages, and
the like.

"A previous order (in the year 1526) was issued by the Bishop of
London, by the instigation of Cardinal Wolsey, calling in all English
translations of the Scripture. And other books of this nature were then
forbid."

This proclamation, therefore, well merits preservation in your pages, as one of the hitherto unknown "evidences" of the terrible and trying times to which it refers.

It shows, too, the value of the class of papers upon which the Society of Antiquaries are bestowing so much attention. The original was found among a miscellaneous collection in the Chapter House, Westminster.

JOSEPH BURTT.

A PROCLAMATION.

... nse Junii Anno regni metuendissimi Domini nostri Regis Henrici
Octavi xxij.

A PROCLAMATION, made and divysed by the Kyngis Highnes, with the
advise of His Honorable Counsaile, for dampning of erronious bokes
and heresies, and prohibitinge the havinge of Holy Scripture
translated into the vulgar tonges of englische, frenche, or duche,
in suche maner as within this proclamation is expressed.

The Kinge, oure most dradde soveraigne lorde, studienge and providynge
dayly for the weale, benefite, and honour of this his most [n]oble
realme, well and evidently perceiveth, that partly through the
malicious suggestion of our gostly enemy, partly by the yvell and
perverse inclination and sedicious disposition of sundry persons,
divers heresies and erronio[us] [o]pinions have ben late sowen and
spredde amonge his subjectes of this his said realme, by blasphemous
and pestiferous englishe bokes, printed in other regions and sent into
this realme, to the entent as well to perverte and withdrawe the people
from the catholike and true fayth of Christe, as also to stirre and
incense them to sedition and disobedience agaynst their princes,
soveraignes, and heedes, as also to cause them to contempne and neglect
all good lawes, customes, and vertuous maners, to the final subversion
and desolacion of this noble realme, if they myght have prevayled
(which God forbyd) in theyr most cursed [p]ersuasions and malicious
purposes. Where upon the kynges hignes (_sic_), by his incomparable
wysedome, forseinge and most prudently considerynge, hath invited and
called to hym the primates of this his gracis realme, and also a
sufficient nombre of discrete, vertuous, and well-lerned personages in
divinite, as well of either of the universites, Oxforde and Cambrige,
as also hath chosen and taken out of other parties of his realme;
gyvinge unto them libertie to speke and declare playnly their advises,
judgmentes, and determinations, concernynge as well the approbation or
rejectynge of suche bokes as be in any parte suspected, as also the
admission and divulgation of the Olde and Newe Testament translated
into englishe. Wher upon his highnes, in his owne royall person,
callynge to hym the said primates and divines, hath seriously and
depely, with great leisure and longe deliberation, consulted, debated,
inserched, and discussed the premisses: and finally, by all their free
assentes, consentes, and agrementes, concluded, resolved, and
determyned, that these bokes ensuynge, that is to say, the boke
entitled the wicked Mammona, the boke named the Obedience of a Christen
Man, the Supplication of Beggars, and the boke called the Revelation of
Antichrist, the Summary of Scripture, and divers other bokes made in
the englisshe tonge, and imprinted beyonde y^e see, do conteyne in them
pestiferous errours and blasphemies; and for that cause, shall from
hensforth be reputed and taken of all men, for bokes of heresie, and
worthy to be dampned, and put in perpetuall oblivion. The kingis said
highnes therfore straitly chargeth and commandeth, all and every his
subjectes, of what astate or condition so ever he or they be, as they
wyll avoyde his high indignacion and most grevous displeasure, that
they from hensforth do not bye, receyve, or have, any of the bokes
before named, or any other boke, beinge in the englisshe tonge, and
printed beyonde the see, of what matter so ever it be, or any copie
written, drawen out of the same, or the same bokes in the frenche or
duche tonge. And to the entent that his highnes wylbe asserteyned, what
nombre of the said erronious bokes shal be founde from tyme to tyme
within this his realme, his highnes therfore chargeth and commaundeth,
that all and every person or persones, whiche hath or herafter shall
have, any boke or bokes in the englisshe tonge, printed beyonde the
see, as is afore written, or any of the sayde erronious bokes in the
frenche or duche tonge: that he or they, within fyftene dayes nexte
after the publisshynge of this present proclamation, do actually
delyver or sende the same bokes and every of them to the bisshop of the
diocese, wherin he or they dwelleth, or to his commissary, or els
before good testimonie, to theyr curate or parisshe preest, to be
presented by the same curate or parisshe preest to the sayd bisshop or
his commissary. And so doynge, his highnes frely pardoneth and
acquiteth them, and every of them, of all penalties, forfaitures, and
paynes, wherin they have incurred or fallen, by reason of any statute,
acte, ordinaunce, or proclamation before this tyme made, concernynge
any offence or transgression by than commytted or done, by or for the
kepynge or holdynge of the sayde bokes.

Forseen and provided alwayes, that they from hensforth truely do
observe, kepe, and obey this {423} his present gracis proclamation and
commaundement. Also his highnes commaundeth all mayres, sheriffes,
bailliffes, constables, bursholders, and other officers and ministers
within this his realme, that if they shall happen by any meanes or
wayes to knowe that any person or persons do herafter bye, receyve,
have, or deteyne any of the sayde erronious bokes, printed or written
anywhere, or any other bokes in englisshe tonge printed beyonde the
see, or the saide erronious bokes printed or written in the frenche or
duche tonge, contrarie to this present proclamation, that they beinge
therof well assured, do immediatly attache the said person or persons,
and brynge hym or them to the kynges highnes and his most honorable
counsayle; where they shalbe corrected and punisshed for theyr
contempte and disobedience, to the terrible example of other lyke
transgressours.

Moreover his highnes commaundeth, that no maner of person or persons
take upon hym or them to printe any boke or bokes in englisshe tonge,
concernynge holy scripture, not before this tyme printed within this
his realme, untyll suche tyme as the same boke or bokes be examyned and
approved by the ordinary of the diocese where the said bokes shalbe
printed: And that the printer therof, upon every of the sayde bokes
beinge so examyned, do sette the name of the examynour or examynours,
with also his owne name, upon the saide bokes, as he will answere to
the kynges highnes at his uttermost peryll.

And farthermore, for as moche as it is come to the herynge of our sayde
soveraigne lorde the kynge, that reporte is made by dyvers and many of
his subjectes, that it were to all men not onely expedyent, but also
necessarye, to have in the englisshe tonge bothe the newe testament and
the olde, and that his highnes, his noble men, and prelates, were
bounden to suffre them so to have it: His highnes hath therfore
semblably there upon consulted with the sayde primates ... discrete,
and well lerned personages, in divinite forsayde, and by them all it is
thought, that it is not necessary th ... to be in the englisshe tonge,
and in the handes of the commen people; but that the distrib ... the
said scripture ... denyenge therof dependeth onely upon the discretion
of the superiours, as ... to the malignite of this present tyme, with
the inclination of the people to erroni ... the olde in to the vulgare
tonge of englysshe, shulde rather be the occasyon of ... people, than
any benfyte or commodite to warde the weale of their soules. And ... e
have the holy scripture expouned to them by preachers in theyr sermons,
ac ... this tyme, All be it if it shall here after appere to the kynges
highnes, that his sa ... rse, erronious, and sedicious opinyons, with
the newe testment and the olde, corrup ... ge in printe: And that the
same bokes and all other bokes of heresye, as well ... termynate and
exiled out of this realme of Englande for ever: his highnes e ... great
lerned and catholyke persones, translated in to the englisshe tonge, if
it sha[ll] than seme t ... conv ... his highnes at this tyme, by the
hoole advise and full determination of all the said primates, and ...
discrete and subs ... lerned personages of both universites, and other
before expressed, and by the assent of his nobles and others of his
moste hon[orab]le Counsayle, wylleth and straytly commaundeth, that all
and every person and persones, of what astate, degre, or condition so
ever he or they be, whiche hath the newe testament or the olde
translated in to englysshe, or any other boke of holy scripture so
translated, beynge in printe, or copied out of the bokes nowe beinge in
printe, that he or they do immediatly brynge the same boke or bokes, or
cause the same to be broughte to the bysshop of the dyocese where he
dwelleth, or to the handes of other the sayde persones, at the daye
afore limytted, in fourme afore expressed and mencioned, as he wyll
avoyde the kynges high indignation and displeasure. And that no person
or persons from hensforth do bye, receyve, kepe, or have the newe
testament or the olde in the englisshe tonge, or in the frenche or
duche tonge, excepte suche persones as be appoynted by the kinges
highnes and the bisshops of this his realme, for the correction or
amending of the said translation, as they will answere to the kynges
highnes at theyr uttermost perils, and wyll avoyde suche punisshement
as they, doynge contrary to the purport of this proclamation shall
suffre, to the dredefull example of all other lyke offenders.

And his highnes further commaundeth, that all suche statutes, actes and
ordinances, as before this tyme have been made and enacted, as well in
y^e tyme of his moste gracious reigne, as also in the tyme of his noble
progenitours, concernying heresies, and havynge and deteynynge
erronyous bokes, contrary and agynst the faythe catholyke, shall
immediatly be put in effectuall and due execution over and besyde this
present proclamation.

And god save the kynge.

* * * * *

THO. BERTHELETUS, Regius impressor excusit.
Cum privilegio.

* * * * *

LATIN--LATINER.

It is interesting to note the great variety of significations in which the word Latin has been used. Sometimes it means Italian, sometimes Spanish, sometimes the Romance language. Again, it has been used as synonymous with language, learning, discourse; or to express that a matter is plain and intelligible. {424}

Muratori, in describing the "Cangiamento dell' Lingua Latina nella volgare Italiana," observes,--

"Così a poco a poco il volgo di questa bella Provincia [Italia], oltre
adottare moltissimi vocaboli forestieri, andò ancora alterando i
proprj, cioè i Latini, cambiando le terminazioni delle parole,
accorciandole, allungandole, e corrompendole. In somma se ne formò un
nuovo Linguaggio, che _Volgare_ si appellava, perchè usato dal _Volgo
d'Italia._"--Muratori, _Della Perfetta Poesia Italiana_, tomo i. p. 6.,
ed. Venez., 1730.

So Boccaccio, giving an account of the intention of his poem, the "Teseide," writes,--

"Ma tu, o libro, primo al lor cantare
Di Marte fai gli affanni sostenuti,
Nel _vulgar latino_ mai non veduti,"

where, as in the letter to La Fiammetta, prefixed to this poem, _vulgar latino_ is evidently Italian ("Trovata una antichissima storia ... in _latino volgare_ ... ho ridotta"), and not the Provençal tongue, as Mr. Craik suggests in his _Literature and Learning in England_, vol. ii. p. 48., where he supposes Boccaccio to have translated _from_, and not, as is clear, _into_, _latino volgare_.

Dante repeatedly uses Latino for Italiano, as in _Purgatorio_, xi. 58.:

"Io fui Latino, e nato d'un gran Tosco."

And in _Inf._ xxii. 65.:

"Conosci tu alcun, che sia Latino."

In _Paradiso_, iii. 63.,

"Sì che il raffigurar m' è più _latino_,"

_latino_ evidently means easy, clear, plain. "Forse contrario di barbaro, strano," says Volpi, "noi Lombardi in questo significato diciamo _ladin_." The "discreto latino" of Thomas Aquinas, elsewhere in _Paradiso_ (xii. 144.), must mean "sage discourse." Chaucer, when he invokes the muse, in the proeme to the second book of "Troilus and Creseide," only asks her for rhyme, because, saith he,--

"Of no sentement I this endite,
But out of _Latine_ in my tongue it write."

Where "Latine," of course, means Boccaccio's _Filostrato_, from which Chaucer's poem is taken.

In the "Poema del Cid," _latinado_ seems to mean person conversant with the Spanish or Romance language of the period:

"Quando esta falsedad dicien los de Carrion,
Un Moro _Latinado_ bien gelo entendio."--v. 2675.

Mr. Ticknor remarks, that when the Christian conquests were pushed on towards the south of Spain, the Moors, who remained inclosed in the Christian population, and spoke or assumed its language, were originally called _Moros Latinados_; and refers to the _Cronica General_, where, respecting Alfaraxi, a Moor, afterwards converted, and a counsellor of the Cid, it is said he was "de tan buen entendimento, e era tan _ladino_ que semejava Christiano."--Ticknor, _Hist. Span. Lit._, iii. 347.

Cervantes (_Don Q._ Parte I. cap. xli.) uses _ladino_ to mean Spanish:

"Servianos de interprete a las mas destas palabras y razones el padre
de Zoraida como mas _ladino_."

Latin, in fact, was so much _the_ language as to become almost synonymous with _a_ language. So a _Latiner_ was an interpreter, as it is very well expressed in Selden's _Table Talk_, art. "Language":

"Latimer is the corruption of _Latiner_: it signifies he that
interprets Latin; and though he interpreted French, Spanish, or
Italian, he was the king's Latiner, that is, the king's interpreter."

This use of the word is well illustrated in the following extracts:

"A Knight ther language lerid in youth;
Breg hight that Knight, born Bretoun,
That lerid the language of Sessoun.
This Breg was the _Latimer_,
What scho said told Vortager."--Robert de Brunne's _Metrical Chronicle._

"Par soen demein _latinier_
. . . .
Icil Morice iert _latinier_
Al rei Dermot, ke mult l'out cher."--_Norman-French Chronicle of Conquest
of Ireland_, edited by F. Michel (as quoted in Wright's _Essays_,
vol. ii. p. 215.).

I here conclude, as I must not seek to monopolise space required for more valuable contributions.

J. M. B.

Tunbridge Wells.

* * * * *

INEDITED POEMS.

I send you two poems which I have found in a little rough scrap-book of a literary character of last century, and which, not having myself met with in print, I trust you will consider worth preserving in your pages. The one styled "A Scotch Poem on the King and the Queen of the Fairies," has a vein of playful satire running through it, but I do not detect any word which justifies the ascription of its paternity to Scotland. Perhaps some of your readers would oblige me by indicating the source from which this poem has been taken, if it is already in print.

A SCOTCH POEM ON THE KING AND THE QUEEN OF THE FAIRIES.

Upon a time the Fairy Elves,
Being first array'd themselves,
Thought it meet to clothe their King
In robes most fit for revelling.

He had a cobweb shirt more thin
Than ever spider since could spin,
Bleach'd in the whiteness of the snow,
When that the northern winds do blow.

{425}
A rich waistcoat they did him bring,
Made of the troutfly's golden wing,
Dy'd crimson in a maiden's blush,
And lin'd in humming-bees' soft plush.

His hat was all of lady's love,
So passing light, that it would move
If any gnat or humming fly
But beat the air in passing by.

About it went a wreath of pearl,
Dropt from the eyes of some poor girl,
Pinch'd because she had forgot
To leave clean water in the pot.

His breeches and his cassock were
Made of the tinsel gossamer;
Down by its seam there went a lace
Drawn by an urchin snail's slow pace.

No sooner was their King attir'd
As never prince had been,
But, as in duty was requir'd,
They next array their Queen.

Of shining thread shot from the sun
And twisted into line,
In the light wheel of fortune spun,
Was made her smock so fine.

Her gown was ev'ry colour fair,
The rainbow gave the dip;
Perfumed from an amber air,
Breath'd from a virgin's lip.

Her necklace was of subtle tye
Of glorious atoms, set
In the pure black of beauty's eye
As they had been in jet.

The revels ended, she put off,
Because her Grace was warm;
She fann'd her with a lady's scoff,
And so she took no harm.

Mrs. Barbauld wrote the following lines on a scroll within a kind of wreath, which hung over the chimney, the whole parlour being decorated with branches of ivy, which were made to run down the walls and hang down every pannel in festoons, at a country place called Palgrave:

Surly Winter, come not here,
Bluster in thy proper sphere;
Howl along the naked plain;
There exert they joyless reign.
Triumph o'er the wither'd flow'r,
The leafless shrub, the ruin'd bower;
But our cottage come not near,
Other Springs inhabit here,
Other sunshine decks our board
Than they niggard skies afford.
Gloomy Winter, hence away,
Love and fancy scorn they sway;
Love, and joy, and friendly mirth
Shall bless this roof, these walls, this hearth,
The rigor of the year control,
And thaw the winter in the soul.

WILL. HONEYCOMBE.

Liverpool.

* * * * *

ROUND TOWERS OF THE CYCLADES.

On Friday evening, Nov. 19, 1852, a lecture was delivered before the members of the Literary and Scientific Institute of this island, by Capt. Graves, R.N., from which I have been permitted to take the following extract. The information contained in it, will doubtless be the more interesting to many of the reader of "N. & Q.," when informed that the round towers of Greece are fast disappearing; either from being pulled down for the erection of dwellings, or to be burnt into lime, by the Greeks who dwell in their neighbourhood. What the original dimensions of these towers may have been in ancient times, or for what purposes they were erected, are alike unknown; but their present proportions are as follow, and drawn by the learned lecturer from personal observation:

Feet. In.
"A. Andros, near the port Height 60 0

B. Zea overlooking Perses Bay { Height 5 5
{ Diameter 26 6
{ Wall 2 0

C. Thermia { Height 11 0
{ Diameter 28 5

D. Serpho { Height 15 0
{ Diameter 27 0

E. Beach of Port Pharos { Height 7 0
{ Diameter 31 8
{ Wall 2 6

F. Hillock, west side of Pharos { Height 16 6
{ Diameter 42 10
{ Wall 3 0

G. Village of Herampili { Height 15 8
{ Diameter 38 3
{ Wall 4 to 2 6

H. Valley beyond villages { Height 11 10
{ Diameter 33 5
{ Wall 4 0

J. Short distance west of Mount Elias { Height 6 0
{ Diameter 24 7
{ Wall 5 0

K. Between Elias and west coast { Height 6 6
{ Diameter 28 0
{ Wall 4 0

L. Naxos, south-east end of the island Height 50 0

M. Paros, north, port Naussa.
Of this tower only a few
courses of the stones are
left. It is however supposed
to have been of
the same dimensions as
that of Naxos."

W. W.

Malta.

* * * * *

{426}

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

_Songs and Rimes of Shakspeare._--I find in Mr. J. P. Collier's _History of Dramatic Poetry_ (a work replete with dramatic lore and anecdote) the following note in p. 275., vol. iii.:

"The Mitre and the Mermaid were celebrated taverns, which the poets,
wits, and gallants were accustomed to visit. Mr. Thorpe, the
enterprising bookseller of Bedford Street, is in possession of a
manuscript full of songs and poems, in the handwriting of a person of
the name of Richard Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631, and
including many unpublished pieces, by a variety of celebrated poets.
One of the most curious is a song in five seven-line stanzas, thus
headed: 'Shakespeare's Rime, which he made at the Mytre in Fleete
Streete.' It begins: 'From the rich Lavinian shore;' and some few of
the lines were published by Playford, and set as a catch. Another
shorter piece is called in the margin,--

'SHAKESPEARE'S RIME.

Give me a cup of rich Canary wine,
Which was the Mitres (drink) and now is mine;
Of which had Horace and Anacreon tasted,
Their lives as well as lines till now had lasted.'

"I have little doubt," adds Mr. Collier, "that the lines are genuine,
as well as many other songs and poems attributed to Ben Jonson, Sir W.
Raleigh, H. Constable, Dr. Donne, J. Sylvester, and others."

Who was the purchaser of this precious MS.? In this age of Shakspearian research, when every newly discovered relic is hailed with intense delight, may I inquire of some of your numerous readers, who seem to take as much delight as myself in whatever concerns our great dramatist and his writings, whether they can throw any light upon the subject?

Again: "A peculiar interest," Mr. Collier says, "attaches to one of the
pieces in John Dowland's _First Book of Songs_ (p. 57.), on account of
the initials of 'W. S.' being appended to it, in a manuscript of the
time preserved in the Hamburgh City Library. It is inserted in
_England's Helicon_, 4to., 1600, as from Dowland's _Book of Tablature_,
without any name or initials; and looking at the character and language
of the piece, it is at least not impossible that it was the work of our
great dramatist, to whom it has been assigned by some continental
critics. A copy of it was, many years ago, sent to the author by a
German scholar of high reputation, under the conviction that the poem
ought to be included in any future edition of the works of Shakspeare.
It will be admitted that the lines are not unworthy of his pen; and,
from the quality of other productions in the same musical work, we may
perhaps speculate whether Shakspeare were not the writer of some other
poems there inserted. If we were to take it for granted, that a sonnet
in _The Passionate Pilgrim_, 1599, was by Shakspeare, because it is
there attributed to him, we might be sure that he was a warm admirer of
Dowland,

'whose heavenly touch
Upon the lute doth ravish human sense.'

However, it is more than likely, that the sonnet in which this passage
is found was by Barnfield, and not by Shakspeare: it was printed by
Barnfield in 1598, and reprinted by him in 1605, notwithstanding the
intermediate appearance of it in _The Passionate Pilgrim_."

May I inquire if any new light has been thrown upon this disputed song since the publication of Mr. Collier's _Lyric Poems_ in 1844?

The song is addressed to Cynthia, and, as Mr. Collier says, is not unworthy of Shakspeare's muse. As it is not of any great length, perhaps it may be thought worthy of insertion in "N. & Q."

"TO CYNTHIA.

"My thoughts are wing'd with hopes, my hopes with love;
Mount, love, unto the moone in cleerest night,
And say, as she doth in the heavens move,
In earth so wanes and waxes my delight:
And whisper this, but softly, in her eares,
Hope oft doth hang the head, and trust shed teares.

"And you, my thoughts, that some mistrust do cary,
If for mistrust my mistresse do you blame,
Say, though you alter, yet you do not vary,
As she doth change, and yet remaine the same.
Distrust doth enter hearts, but not infect,
And love is sweetest season'd with suspect.

"If she for this with cloudes do maske her eyes,
And make the heavens darke with her disdaine,
With windie sighes disperse them in the skies,
Or with the teares dissolve them into rain.
Thoughts, hopes, and love return to me no more,
Till Cynthia shine as she hath done before."

J. M. G.

Worcester.

_Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations:" Passage in "All's Well that Ends Well."_--

"O you leaden messengers,
That ride upon the violent speed of fire,
Fly with false aim; move the still-peering air,
That sings with piercing, do not touch my lord!"

Such is the text of the first folio. MR. PAYNE COLLIER, at p. 162. of his _Notes and Emendations_, informs us that the old corrector of his folio of 1632 reads _volant_ for "violent," _wound_ for "move," and _still-piecing_ for "still-peering."

Two of these substitutions are easily shown to be correct. In the _Tempest_, Act III. Sc. 3., we read:

"The elements,
Of whom your swords are tempered, may as well
_Wound the loud winds, or with bemockt-at stabs_
_Kill the still-closing waters_."

What is _still-closing_ but _still-piecing_, the silent reunion after severance? What is to _wound the loud winds_ but to _wound the air that sings with piercing_?

But as to the third substitution, I beg permission through your pages to enter a _caveat_. If {427} we had no proof from the text of Shakspeare that _violent_ is the correct reading, I fancy that any reader's common sense would tell him that it is more an appropriate and trenchant term than _volant_. "What judgment would _stoop_ from this to this?" _Volant_, moreover, is not English, but French, and as such is used in _Henry V._; but happily, in this case, we have most abundant evidence from the text of Shakspeare that he wrote _violent_ in the above passage. In _Henry VIII._, Act I. Sc. 1., we have the passage,

"We may outrun,
By _violent swiftness_, that which we run at,
And lose by over-running."

In _Othello_, Act III. Sc. 3., we have the passage,

"Even so my bloody thoughts, with _violent pace_,
Shall ne'er look back."

These passages prove that _violent_ is a true Shakspearian epithet for _velocity_. But how exquisitely appropriate is the epithet when applied to the velocity of a ball issuing from the mouth of a cannon: and here we have full confirmation from _Romeo and Juliet_, Act V. Sc. 1., where we read:

"As _violently_ as hasty powder fir'd
Doth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb."

I trust that MR. COLLIER will not, in the teeth of such evidence, substitute _volant_ for _violent_ in correcting the text of his forthcoming edition.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

* * * * *

GENERAL MONK AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

A document has recently come into my possession which may perhaps be deemed worth preserving in the pages of "N. & Q." It is a letter from the University of Cambridge to General Monk, and, from the various corrections which occur in it, it has every appearance of being the original draft. Unfortunately it is not dated; but there can, I presume, be little doubt of its having been written shortly before the assembling of the parliament in April, 1660, which led to the Restoration, and in which Monk sat as member for the county of Devon. The words erased in the original are here placed between parentheses, and those substituted are given in Italics:

My Lord,

As it hath pleased God to make your Excell^{cie} eminently instrumental
for the raising up of three gasping and dying nations, into the faire
hopes and prospect of peace and settlement, so hath He engraven you (r
name) in characters of gratitude upon the hearts of all (true) _to_
who_m_ (cordially wish) the welfare of _this_ church and state (are)
_is_ deare and pretious. (Out) From this principle it is that our
University of Cambridge hath, with great alacrity and unanimity, made
choyse of your Excellency with whom to deposite the(ire) managing of
theire concernments in the succeeding Parl^t, w^{ch}, if your
Excell^{cy} shall please to admitt into a favourable (interpretation)
_acceptance_, (you will thereby) you will thereby (add) _put_ a further
obligation of gratitude upon us all; w^{ch} none shalbe more ready to
expresse than he who is

Your Excell^{cies} most humble serv^t,
W. D.

[Endorsed]
To the L^d General Monk.

Who was "W. D."? Was he the then Vice-Chancellor?

LEICESTRIENSIS.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Curiosities of Railway Literature._--Has "Bradshaw" had any reviewers? If not, an example or two from this neighbourhood, of the absurdities which reappear month after month in the time-tables, may show the necessity of them. A Midland train proposes to leave Gloucester at 12.40 p.m., and reach Cheltenham at 1 p.m. The Great Western Company advertise an express train, on the _very same line_, to leave two minutes _later_ and arrive five minutes _earlier_. It is therefore obvious, that if these trains were to keep their proper time, the express must run into the slow coach in front. The Great Western Railway Company have also, in a very unassuming manner, been advertising a feat hitherto unparalleled in the annals of railway speed,--the mail from Cheltenham at 8.20 a.m. to leave Gloucester at 8.27; that is to say, seven miles, including starting, slackening speed at two or three "crossings," stopping, starting again, all in seven minutes! Let the narrow gauge beat this if it can.

H. H.

Gloucester.

_Cromwell's Seal._--I am in possession of a fine seal; it is a beautiful engraving of the head of Oliver Cromwell, and was once his property: he presented it to a favourite officer, whose nephew, to whom it was bequeathed, gave it to the father of the lady from whom I received it a few years ago. Thus I am in the singular position of being the _fifth_ holder of it from the Protector.

Y. S. M.

Dublin.

_Rhymes upon Places._--Buckinghamshire:

"Brill upon the Hill,
Oakley in the Hole,
Shabby little Ickford,
Dirty Worminghall."

H. T.

Ingatestow.

_Tom Track's Ghost._--The following piece of metrical romance has dwelt in my memory as long {428} as I have been able to remember. I have never seen it in print, nor heard it, at least for some years, from any one else; and have not been able to discover who wrote it:

"Tom Track he came from Buenos Ayres;
And now, thought I, for him who cares:
But soon his coming wrought me woe;
He misled Poll,--as you shall know.
All in the togs that I had bought,
With that ere Tom she did consort,
Which gave my feelings great concern,
And caused a row,--as you shall learn.
So then challenge Tom I did;
We met, shook hands, and took a quid;
I shot poor Tom.--The worse for me;
It brought his ghost,--as you shall see.
Says he, 'I'm Tom Track's ghost, that's flat.'
Says I, 'Now only think on that.'
Says he, 'I'm come to torment you now;'
Which was hard lines,--as you'll allow.
'So, Master Ghost, belay your jaw;
For if on me you claps a claw,
My locker yonder will reveal,
A tight rope's end, which you shall feel.'
Then off his winding-sheet he throwed,
And by his trousers Tom I knowed;
He wasn't dead; but come to mess,
So here's an end,--as you may guess."

The _implicatio_, the _agnitio_, and the _peripetia_ are so well worked out, that Aristotle would, I think, be compelled to admit it as an almost perfect specimen of that most ancient kind of drama which was recited by one actor. I refer especially to C. XXII. of the _Poetics_, which says, that that _agnitio_ is most beautiful which is joined with the _peripetia_, of which here we have so striking an example. These reasons embolden me to ask if it be worth preserving in "N. & Q," and who was the author?

W. FRASER.

Tor-Mohun.

* * * * *

Queries.

JACOB BOBART AND HIS DRAGON, ETC.

Dr. Zachary Grey, in his edition of _Hudibras_, vol. i. p. 125., relates the following anecdote:

"Mr. Jacob Bobart, Botany Professor of Oxford, did, about forty years
ago (in 1704), find a dead rat in the Physic Garden, which he made to
resemble the common picture of dragons, by altering its head and tail,
and thrusting in taper sharp sticks, which distended the skin on each
side till it mimicked wings. He let it dry as hard as possible. The
learned immediately pronounced it a dragon, and one of them sent an
accurate description of it to Dr. Maliabechi, Librarian to the Grand
Duke of Tuscany: _several fine copies of verses_ were wrote upon so
rare a subject, but at last Mr. Bobart owned the cheat: however, it was
looked upon as a masterpiece of art, and as such deposited in the
anatomy schools (at Oxford), where I saw it some years after."

Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform me where I can procure the _several_ fine copies of verses, or where they are to be seen, and any other particulars relating to Jacob Bobart?

Where can I procure copies of the following, mentioned in Wood's _Athenæ Oxon._, vol. iii. p. 757.:

"Poem upon Mr. Jacob Bobards Yew-man of the Guards to the Physic
Garden, to the tune of the 'Counter-Scuffle.' Oxon. 1662."

On one side of a sheet of paper.

Also:

"A Ballad on the Gyants in the Physic Garden in Oxon, who have been
breeding Feet as long as Garagantua was Teeth."

On one side of a sheet of paper.

H. T. BOBART.

* * * * *

BISHOP BERKELEY'S PORTRAIT.

The following letter may perhaps have some interest in itself; but I send it for insertion in the pages of "N. & Q." in the hope of obtaining some information about the pictures which it mentions. It is addressed on the back, "The Reverend the Provost and Fellows, Dublin College;" and in the corner, "Pr. Favour of The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Molesworth;" and does not appear to have ever passed through the post.

Reverend Sir, and Gentlemen,

My late dear Husband, the Rev. Dr. Berkeley, Prebendary of Canterbury,
son of the late Lord Bishop of Cloyne, having most generously appointed
me sole executrix of his will, and having bequeathed to me all his fine
collection of pictures, &c., I trouble you with this to beg to know
whether a very remarkably fine, universally admired portrait of Bishop
Berkeley, in his lawn sleeves, &c., painted by that famous artist
Vanderbank, which, together with its frame (now much broken by frequent
removals), cost five hundred pounds: the back-ground, the frontispiece
to his Lordship's _Minute Philosopher_, and the broken cisterns from
the Prophet Jeremiah: "They have hewn them out broken cisterns." The
late Archbishop of Canterbury was perpetually entreating Dr. Berkeley
to present it to the Gallery of Lambeth Palace, where there is already
a very good portrait of Bishop B.--But _justice_ to my dear excellent
son, then living, as Dr. B. told his Grace, precluded a _possibility_
of his complying with his request.

If this picture will be an acceptable present to the Rev. the Provost,
and the Gentlemen Fellows of the University of Dublin, it is now
offered for their acceptance, as a most grateful acknowledgment for the
_very high_ honour[1], they were pleased {429} so graciously to confer
on his Lordship's only descendant, the late learned accomplished George
Monk Berkeley, Esq. (Gentleman Commoner of Magdalene Hall, in the
University of Oxon., and student of the Inner Temple, London), from his
very sincerely grateful mother.

Some time after the death of his son, Dr. Berkeley told me that at my
death he wished the wonderfully fine portrait of his father to be
presented to some place of _consequence_. I immediately replied, "_To
Dublin College_." He said, "They have one already; perhaps it would be
well to leave it as an heir-loom to the Episcopal Palace at Cloyne." I
said perhaps the gentlemen of Dublin College would prefer this,
esteemed one of the very finest pieces of painting in Europe. The face
certainly looks more like a fine cast in wax, than a painting on
canvas, as numbers of the best judges have always exclaimed on seeing
it.

I request Dr. Berkeley's noble relation, the excellent Lord Molesworth,
now on a visit in Ireland, to deliver this, and to learn from the
Provost and Gentlemen of the University of Dublin, whether it would be
agreeable to them to receive this, and transfer the one they at present
have to Dr. Berkeley's highly respected friend, the _present_ Bishop of
Cloyne, for the Palace. Lord Molesworth will have the goodness to
receive and transmit the answer of the Provost and Gentlemen to her who
has the honour to subscribe herself, with the most perfect respect,
their

Very sincerely grateful and
(Thro' her unspeakably dear excellent Son)
_Most highly_ obliged,
ELIZA BERKELEY.

Chertsey, Surrey, England.
The 18th of Feb., 1797.

I cannot find any evidence to prove that this letter was ever so much as received by the University. It came into my possession amongst the papers of a private friend, a late distinguished ornament of the University, whose death has been an irreparable loss to the public, to the Church of England, and to a large circle of friends. No notice of such a letter, or of so liberal a donation, is to be found in the Register of the University, nor is there such a picture in our possession. I have made inquiry also, and find that it is not at Cloyne. The conclusion therefore is, either that Mrs. Berkeley changed her mind, or that from some accident the letter never was presented: at all events, it is certain that the picture of Bishop Berkeley, to which it relates, was never in the possession of the University for whose halls it was intended.

Can any one tell me where it now is; and what was the fate of "the fine collection of pictures" which was the property of Dr. Berkeley of Canterbury, and bequeathed by him to his widow, the writer of the above letter?

J. H. TODD.

[Footnote 1: This alludes to the honourable degree of LL.B. conferred upon George M. Berkeley by the University of Dublin, Nov. 8, 1788.]

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_Life._--Is it not the general feeling that man, in advancing years, would not like to begin his life again? I have noted that Edgeworth, Franklin, and Sismondi express the contrary.

A. C.

"_The Boy of Heaven._"--I have a poem entitled _The Boy of Heaven_, copied some years ago from a manuscript. Can any of your readers inform me who is the author, whether it has ever appeared in print, or give me any other information respecting it?

W. P.

_Bells._--Can any of your readers inform me why the bells of the Convent of Santa Theresa, at Madrid, alone have the privilege of tolling on Good Friday, in that city? In all Roman Catholic countries the bells on that day are forbidden to be rung; and there is no exception made, even in Rome.

As much has been said about the _baptizing_ of bells, as if it were a custom nearly or entirely obsolete, I beg to say that I was present at the baptizing of a bell in the south-west of France not very long ago; and have no doubt that the great bell at Bordeaux, which is to have the emperor and empress as its sponsors, will undergo the full ceremony.

CERIDWEN.

_Captain Ayloff._--Where can I find any notices of Captain Ayloff, one of the coadjutors of Tom Brown in the eccentric _Letters from the Dead to the Living_?

V. T. STERNBERG.

_Robert Johnson._--Perhaps some of your correspondents could give me some information relative to the pedigree of Robert Johnson, Esq., who was a baron of the Exchequer in Ireland in 1704; his parentage and descent; his wife's name and family; his armorial bearings; and date of his birth and death.

Was he the Robert Johnson who entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1671, as a Fellow Commoner at the age of fourteen? If so, his birthplace was London, and his father's name was also Robert.

E. P. L.

Co. Westmeath.

_Selling a Wife._--What is the origin of the popular idea, that a man may legally dispose of his spouse by _haltering_ her, and exposing her for sale in a public market? Some time ago the custom appears to have been very prevalent; and only a few months back there was a paragraph in _The Times_, describing an occurrence of the kind at Nottingham.

French romancers and dramatists have seized upon it as a leading trait of English society; and in their remarkably-faithful delineations of English life it is not unusual to find the blue-beard milord Anglais carting milady to Smithfield, and {430} enlarging upon her points in the cheap-jack style to the admiring drovers.

V. T. STERNBERG.

_Jock of Arden._--This worthy of the Robin Hood class of heroes, is understood to figure very prominently in the legendary history of Warwickshire. Where can any references to his real or supposed history be found, and what are the legends of which he is the hero?

W. Q.

_Inigo Jones._--Where can a full list of mansions and other important buildings, erected from designs after that great master architect Inigo Jones, be found?

A CORRESPONDENT.

_Dean Boyle._--Wanted, the pedigree of Richard Boyle, Dean of Limerick, and Bishop of Leighlin in 1661. He had a brother Roger, also in the church. Was he a grandson of John Boyle of Hereford, eldest brother of Roger, father of Richard, first Earl of Cork? This John married Alice, daughter of Alex. Hayworth, of Burdun Hall, Herefordshire.

Y. S. M.

Dublin.

_Euphormio_ (Vol. i., p. 27.).--Mention is made of _Censura Euphormionis_ and other tracts, called forth by Barclay's works: where can some account of these be found?

P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.

_Optical Query._--Last summer the following illusion was pointed out to me at Sandwich, Kent. The ingenious horizontal machine to enable the treadmill to grind the wind, in default of more substantial matter, although certainly revolving only in one direction, say from right to left, at intervals appeared to change its direction and turn from left to right. This change appeared to several persons to take place at the same time, and did not seem to be owing to any shifting of the perpendicular shutters for regulating the resistance of the air. The point from which I viewed it was near the south door of St. Clement's Church. Have any of the readers of "N. & Q." noticed a similar illusion, and can they explain it?

H. H.

Gloucester.

_Archbishop King._--The well-known William King, Archbishop of Dublin, was interred in the graveyard of the parish of St. Mary, Donnybrook, near Dublin, as appears from the following entry in the Register of Burials: "Buried, Archbishop King, May 10th, 1729." There is no stone to mark his grave. I would be glad to know whether there is any monument elsewhere,

I would likewise be glad to know whether there is any good engraving of the archbishop in existence. I have lately procured a copy of a small and rather curious one, engraved by "Kane o' Hara," and "published, Sept. 20th, 1803, by William Richardson, York House, 31. Strand;" and I am informed by a friend that a portrait (of what size I am not aware) was sold by auction in London, 15th February, 1800, for the sum of 3l. 6s. It was described at that time as "very rare."

Donnybrook graveyard, I may add, is rich in buried ecclesiastics, containing the remains of Dr. Robert Clayton, Bishop of Clogher (a man of note in his day), and other dignitaries of our church.

ABHBA.

_Neal's Manuscripts._--In Neal's _History of the Puritans_, he frequently refers at bottom of the page to a manuscript in his possession thus (MS. penes me, p. 88.): will any of your readers inform me where this MS. is preserved, and whether I can have access to it? It was evidently a voluminous compilation, as it extended to many hundred pages.

T. F.

_Whence the Word "Cossack?"_--Alison says, on the authority of _Koramsin_ (vi. 476.), "The word Cossack means a volunteer or free partisan," &c. (Vide _History of Europe_, vol. ix. p. 31.) I have found the word "Kasak" in the Gulistan of Saadi, which there means a robber of the kind called _rahzán_. From the word being spelt in the Gulistan with a [Arabic: q], it appears to me to be an Arabic word. Can any reader enlighten

MUHAMMED?

A. N. Club

_Picts' Houses and Argils._--The Cimmerians, a people mentioned by Herodotus, who occupied principally the peninsula of the Crimea, are distinguished by Prichard from the Cimbri or Kimbri, but supposed by M. Amédée Thierry to be a branch of the same race, and Celtic. Many of their customs are said to present a striking conformity with those of the Cimbri of the Baltic and of the Gauls. Those who inhabited the hills in the Crimea bore the name of Taures or Tauri, a word, Thierry says, signifying mountaineers in both the Kimbric and Gaulish idioms. The tribe of the plains, according to Ephorus, a Greek writer cotemporary with Aristotle, mentioned in Strabo, lib. v., dug subterraneous habitations, which they called _argil_ or _argel_, a pure Kimbric word, which signifies a covered or deep place:

[Greek: Ephoros phêsin autous en katageiois oikiais oikein has kalousin
argillas.]

Having seen several of the rude and miserable buildings underground in the Orkneys, called Picts' houses, I should like to know something of these _argils_ or _argillæ_, but suppose them to be calculated for the requirements of a more advanced state of society than that of the dwellers in Picts' houses. Perhaps some of your correspondents could give information on this matter. {431} For the above, vide Introduction to Amédée Thierry's _Histoire des Gaulois, &c._, 1828, p. 57.

W. H. F.

_The Drummer's Letter._--The letter from the drummer to the corporal's wife in _The Sentimental Journey_ (it is hardly possible to give a precise reference to any part of this little work) ends thus:

"Je suis, Madame,

"Avec toutes les sentimens les plus respectueux et les plus tendres,
tout à vous,

"JAQUES ROCQUE."

Why is the first of the adjectives agreeing with _les sentimens_ in the wrong gender? The blot may be a trifling one, but I think I may say that it defaces every copy of this well-known billet-doux. I have seen many editions of _The Sentimental Journey_, some by the best publishers of the time in which they lived, and I find the same mistake in all: I do not know of a single exception. If Sterne wrote _toutes_, it must have been by accident; there is nothing to prove that he wished to make the poor drummer commit the solecism, for the rest of his letter is not only correctly, but even elegantly written.

C. FORBES.

Temple.

_The Cardinal Spider._--I have read somewhere an account of a singular species of spider, which is of unusually large size, and is said to be found only in Hampton Court Palace.

It is supposed by superstitious persons that the spirits of Cardinal Wolsey and his retinue still haunt the palace in the shape of spiders; hence the name "Cardinal."

Can any of your correspondents inform me where such an account is to be met with, as I have forgotten the name of the book in which I have seen it?

W. T.

Norwich.

_New England Genealogical Society, &c._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I can address a letter to, for Dr. Jenks, Secretary to the New England Genealogical Society? And where can I see a copy of Farmer's _New England Genealogical Register_, 1829, and _The New England Genealogical Register and Magazine for 1847_, mentioned by your correspondent T. WESTCOTT, "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 495.?

J. K.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Dr. John Hartcliffe, Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel Kettilby._--Can any of your correspondents tell me whether John Hartcliffe, D.D., Fellow of King's, Cambridge, and Head-master of Merchant Taylors' from 1681 to 1686, is _the Dr. Hartcliffe_ whom James II. wishes to instal illegally in the Provostship of King's, as he attempted to impose a President on Magdalen, Oxon?

I should be glad also to know whether there is any continuation of Ward's _Lives of the Gresham Professors_, reaching to the present time; and, in particular, the dates of the appointments or deaths of William Cokayne, D.D., Professor of Astronomy, and William Roman, B.C.L., Professor of Geometry?

Likewise, of what faculty was Samuel Kettilby, D.D., Professor; and when did he die?

JAMES HESSEY.

Merchant Taylors'.