Chapter I: Part 1

Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text.

{565}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

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"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

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No. 189.] Saturday, June 11, 1853. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.

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CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page
Tom Moore's First! 565
Notes on several Misunderstood Words, by the Rev.
W. R. Arrowsmith 566
Verney Papers: the Capuchin Friars, &c., by Thompson
Cooper 568
Early Satirical Poem 568
The Letters of Atticus, by William Cramp 569

MINOR NOTES:--Irish Bishops as English Suffragans--
Pope and Buchanan--Scarce MSS. in the British
Museum--The Royal Garden at Holyrood Palace--
The Old Ship "Royal Escape" 569

QUERIES:--
"The Light of Brittaine" 570

MINOR QUERIES:--Thirteen an unlucky Number--
Quotations--"Other-some" and "Unneath"--
Newx, &c.--"A Joabi Alloquio"--Illuminations--
Heraldic Queries--John's Spoils from Peterborough
and Crowland--"Elementa sex." &c.--Jack and Gill:
Sir Hubbard de Hoy--Humphrey Hawarden--"Populus
vult decipi"--Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and
Cambridgeshire--Harris 571

REPLIES:--
Bishop Butler, by J. H. Markland, &c. 572
Mitigation of Capital Punishment to Forgers 573
Mythe _versus_ Myth, by Charles Thiriold 575
"Inquiry into the State of the Union, by the Wednesday
Club in Friday Street," by James Crossley 576
Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott, by William
Williams, &c. 576
Church Catechism 577
Jacob Bobart, &c., by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 578
"Its," by W. B. Rye 578
Bohn's Edition of Hoveden, by Henry T. Riley 579
Books of Emblems, by J. B. Yates, &c. 579

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Pollock's Directions
for obtaining Positive Photographs upon
albumenised Paper--Test for Lenses--Washing Collodion
Pictures 581

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Cremonas--James Chaloner
--Irish Convocation--St. Paul's Epistle to Seneca
--Captain Ayloff--Plan of London--Syriac Scriptures
--Meaning of "Worth"--Khond Fable--Collar of S3.
--Chaucer's Knowledge of Italian--Pic Nic--Canker
or Brier Rose--Door-head Inscriptions--"Time and
I"--Lowbell--Overseers of Wills--Detached Belfry
Towers--Vincent Family, &c. 582

MISCELLANEOUS:--
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 586
Notices to Correspondents 586
Advertisements 587

* * * * *

Notes.

TOM MOORE'S FIRST!

It is now generally understood that the first poetic effusion of Thomas Moore was entrusted to a publication entitled _Anthologia Hibernica_, which held its monthly existence from Jan. 1793 to December 1794, and is now a repertorium of the spirited efforts made in Ireland in that day to establish periodical literature. The set is complete in four volumes: and being anxious to see if I could trace the "fine Roman" hand of him whom his noble poetic satirist, and after fast friend, Byron, styled the "young Catullus of his day," I went to the volumes, and give you the result.

No trace of Moore appears in the volume containing the first six months of the publication; but in the "List of Subscribers" in the second, we see "_Master_ Thomas Moore;" and as we find this designation changed in the fourth volume to "_Mr._ Thomas Moore, Trinity College, Dublin!" (a boy with a black ribband in his collar, being as a collegian an "_ex officio_ man!"), we may take it for ascertained that we have arrived at the well-spring of those effusions which have since flowed in such sparkling volumes among the poetry of the day.

Moore's first contribution is easily identified; for it is prefaced by a note, dated "Aungier Street, Sept. 11, 1793," which contains the usual request of insertion for "_the attempts of a youthful muse_," &c., and is signed in the semi-incognito style, "Th-m-s M--re;" the writer fearing, doubtless, lest his fond mamma should fail to recognise in _his own copy_ of the periodical the performance of her little precocious Apollo.

This contribution consists of two pieces, of which we have room but for the first: which is a striking exemplification (in subject at least) of Wordsworth's aphorism, that "the child is father to the man." It is a sonnet addressed to "Zelia," "_On her charging the author with writing too much on Love!_" Who _Zelia_ was--whether a lineal ancestress of Dickens's "Mrs. Harris," or some actual grown up young lady, who was teased by, and tried to check the chirpings of the little {566} precocious singing bird--does not appear: but we suspect the former, for this sonnet is immediately followed by "A Pastoral Ballad!" calling upon some _Celia_ unknown to "pity his tears and complaint," &c., in the usual namby-pamby style of these compositions. To any one who considers the smart, _espiegle_, highly artificial style of "Tom Moore's" after compositions, his "Pastoral Ballad" will be what Coleridge called his Vision, a "psychological curiosity."

Passing on through the volumes, in the Number for February 1794 we find a paraphrase of the Fifth Ode of Anacreon, by "Thomas Moore;" another short poem in June 1794, "To the Memory of Francis Perry, Esq.," signed "T. M.," and dated "Aungier Street." These are all which can be identified by outward and visible signs, without danger of mistake: but there are a number of others scattered through the volumes which I conjecture may be his; they are under different signatures, generally T. L., which may be taken to stand for the _alias_ "Thomas Little," by which Moore afterwards made himself so well known. There is an "Ode to Morning," in the Number for March 1794, above the ordinary run of magazine poetry. And in the Number for May following are "Imitations from the Greek" and Italian, all under this same signature. And this last being derived from some words in Petrarch's will, bequeathing his lute to a friend, is the more curious; and may the more probably be supposed Moore's, as it contains a thought which is not unlikely to have suggested in after years the idea of his celebrated melody, entitled the "Bard's Legacy." The Number for Nov. 1794, last but one in the fourth volume, contains a little piece on "Variety," which independent of a T. M. signature, I would _almost swear_, from internal evidence, to be Moore's; it is the last in the series, and indicates such progress as two years might be supposed to give the youthful poet, from the lack-a-daisical style of his first attempts, towards that light, brilliant, sportive vein of humour in which he afterwards wrote "What the Bee is to the Flowret," &c., and other similar compositions. I now give Moore's first sonnet, including its footnote, reminding us of the child's usual explanatory addition to his first drawing of some amorphous animal--"This is a horse!" or "a bear!" as the case may be. Neither the _metre_ nor the _matter_ would prepare us for the height to which the writer afterwards scaled "the mountain's height of Parnassus:"

"TO ZELIA.

(_On her charging the Author with writing too much on Love._)

'Tis true my Muse to love inclines,
And wreaths of Cypria's myrtle twines;
Quits all aspiring, lofty views,
And chaunts what Nature's gifts infuse:
Timid to try the mountain's* height,
Beneath she strays, retir'd from sight,
Careless, culling amorous flowers;
Or quaffing mirth in Bacchus' bowers.
When first she raised her simplest lays
In Cupid's never-ceasing praise,
The God a faithful promise gave--
That never should she feel Love's stings,
Never to burning passion be a slave,
But feel the purer joy _thy_ friendship brings.

* Parnassus!"

If you think this fruit of a research into a now almost forgotten work, which however contains many matters of interest (among the rest, "The Baviad of Gifford"), worth insertion, please put it among "N. & Q.;" it may incite others to look more closely, and perhaps trace other "disjecta membra poetae."

A. B. R.

Belmont.

* * * * *

NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.

(_Continued from_ p. 544.)

Let no one say that a tithe of these instances would have sufficed. Whoever thinks so, little understands the vitality of error. Most things die when the brains are out: error has no brains, though it has more heads than the hydra. Who could have believed it possible that after Steevens's heaped-up proofs in support of the authentic reading, "_carded_ his state" (_King Henry IV._, Act III. Scene 2.), Warburton's corruption, _'scarded_, i. e. _discarded_, was again to be foisted into the text on the authority of some nameless and apocryphal commentator? Let me be pardoned if I prefer Shakspeare's genuine text, backed by the masterly illustrations of his ablest glossarist, before the wishy-washy adulterations of Nobody: and as a small contribution to his abundant avouchment of the original reading, the underwritten passage may be flung in, by way of make-weight:

"_Carded_ his state (says King Henry),
_Mingled_ his royaltie with carping fooles."

"Since which it hath been and is his daily practice, either to broach
doctrinas novas et peregrinas, new imaginations never heard of before,
or to revive the old and new dress them. And these--for that by
themselves they will not utter--_to mingle and to card_ with the
Apostles' doctrine, &c., that at the least yet he may so vent
them."--One of the Sermons upon the Second Commandment, preached in the
Parish Church of St. Giles, Cripplegate, on the Ninth of January, A.D.
MDXCII.: Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 55. _Lib. Ang.-Cath. Theol._

* * * * *

_Trash_, to shred or lop.--So said Steevens, alleging that he had met with it in books containing directions for gardeners, published in the time of {567} Queen Elizabeth. I fear his memory deceived him, or why should a man of his sound learning afterwards incline to vail bonnet to the dogmatist Warburton? whose knowledge of dogs, by the way, must have been marvellously small, or he could never have imagined them to overtop one another in a horizontal course. _Overrun_, _overshoot_, _overslip_, are terms in hunting, _overtop_ never; except perchance in the vocabulary of the wild huntsman of the Alps. _Trash_ occurs as a verb in the sense above given, Act I. Sc. 2. of the _Tempest_: "Who t'aduance, and who to _trash_ for over-topping." I have never met with the _verb_ in that sense elsewhere, but overtop is evermore the appropriate term in arboriculture. To quote examples of that is needless. Of it metaphorically applied, just as in Shakspeare, take the following example:

"Of those three estates, which swayeth most, that in a manner doth
overtop the rest, and like a foregrown member depriveth the other of
their proportion of growth."--Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 177., _Lib.
Ang.-Cath. Theol._

Have we not the substantive _trash_ in the sense of shreddings, at p. 542. book iii. of a _Discourse of Forest Trees_, by John Evelyn? The extract that contains the word is this:

"Faggots to be every stick of three feet in length, excepting only one
stick of one foot long, to harden and wedge the binding of it; this to
prevent the abuse, too much practised, of filling the middle part and
ends with _trash_ and short sticks, which had been omitted in the
former statute."

Possibly some of the statutes referred to by Evelyn may contain examples of the verb. In the meantime it will not be impertinent to remark, that what appears to be nothing more than a dialectic variety of the word, namely _trouse_, is of every-day use in this county of Hereford for trimmings of hedges; that it is given by Grose as a verb in use in Warwickshire for trimming off the superfluous branches; and lastly, that it is employed as a substantive to signify shreddings by Philemon Holland, who, if I rightly remember, was many years head master of Coventry Grammar School:

"Prouided alwaies, that they be paued beneath with stone; and for want
thereof, laid with green willow bastons, and for default of them, with
vine cuttings, or such _trousse_, so that they lie halfe a foot
thicke."--The Seuenteenth Booke of Plinie's _Naturall History_, chap.
xi. p. 513.: London, 1634.

_Trash_ no one denies to be a kennel term for hampering a dog, but it does not presently follow that the word bore no other signification; indeed, there is no more fruitful mother of confusion than homonomy.

* * * * *

_Clamor_, to curb, restrain (the tongue):

"_Clamor_ your tongues, and not a word more."
_The Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 4.

Most judiciously does NARES reject Gifford's corruption of this word into _charm_, nor will the suffrage of the "clever" old commentator one jot contribute to dispel their diffidence of this change, whom the severe discipline of many years' study, and the daily access of accumulating knowledge, have schooled into a wholesome sense of their extreme fallibility in such matters. Without adding any comment, I now quote, for the inspection of learned and unlearned, the two ensuing extracts:

"For Critias manaced and thretened hym, that onelesse he _chaumbreed_
his tongue in season, ther should ere l[=o]g bee one oxe the fewer for
hym."--_Apoptheymis of Erasmus_, translated by Nicolas Vdall,
MCCCCCXLII, the First Booke, p. 10.

"From no sorte of menne in the worlde did he refrein or _chaumbre_ the
tauntying of his tongue."--_Id._, p. 76.

After so many Notes, one Query. In the second folio edition of Shakspeare (my first folio wants the whole play), I find in _Cymbeline_, Act V. Sc. 3., the next beautiful passage:

"_Post._ Still going? This is a lord: Oh noble misery
To be ith' field, and aske what newes of me:
To-day how many would have given their honors
To have sav'd their carkasses? Tooke heele to doo't,
And yet dyed too. I in mine owne woe charm'd,
Could not find death, where I did heare him groane,
Nor feele him where he strooke. Being an ugly monster,
'Tis strange he hides him in fresh cups, soft beds,
Sweet words; or hath moe ministers then we
That draw his knives ith' war. Well I will finde him:
For being now a favourer to the Britaine,
No more a Britaine, I have resum'd againe
The part I came in."

In the antepenultimate line, Britaine was more than a century ago changed by Hanmer into Roman, therefore retained by Warburton, again rejected by Steevens and Johnson, once more replaced by Knight and Collier, with one of his usual happy notes by the former of the two, without comment by the latter, finally left unnoticed by Dyce. My Query then is this. What amount of obtuseness will disqualify a criticaster who itches to be tinkering and cobbling the noblest passages of thought that ever issued from mortal brain, while at the same time he stumbles and bungles in sentences of that simplicity and grammatical clearness, as not to tax the powers of a third-form schoolboy to explain?[1] If editors, commentators, {568} critics, and all the countless throng who are ambitious to daub with their un-tempered mortar, or scribble their names upon the most majestic edifice of genius that the world ever saw, lack the little discernment necessary to interpret aright the above extract from _Cymbeline_, for the last hundred years racked and tortured in vain, let them at length learn henceforth to distrust their judgment altogether.

W. R. ARROWSMITH.

P.S.--In article of No. 180. p. 353., a rather important misprint occurs, viz. date of 4to. _King Richard II._ with unusual title-page, which should be 1608, not 1605. Other little errors the reader may silently amend for himself.

[Footnote 1: In a passage from L. L. L., lately winnowed in the pages of "N. & Q.," divers attempts at elucidation (whereof not one, in my judgment, was successful) having been made, it was gravely, almost magisterially proposed by one of the disputants, to corrupt the concluding lines (MR. COLLIER having already once before corrupted the preceding ones by substituting a plural for a singular verb, in which lay the true key to the right construction) by altering "their" the pronoun into "there" the adverb, because (shade of Murray!) the commentator could not discover of what noun "their" could possibly be the pronoun in these lines following:

"When great things labouring perish in their birth,
Their form confounded makes most form in mirth."

And it was left to MR. KEIGHTLEY to bless the world with the information that it was "things."]

* * * * *

VERNEY PAPERS--THE CAPUCHIN FRIARS, ETC.

In the appendix to _Notes of Proceedings in the Long Parliament_, by Sir Ralph Verney, edited by Mr. Bruce for the Camden Society in 1845, are "Notes written in a Cipher," which Mr. Bruce gives in the hope that the ingenuity of some reader will discover their meaning. I venture thus to decypher the same:

"The Capuchin's house to be dissolued.
No extracts of letters to be aloued in this house.
The prince is now come to Greenhich three lette.
Three greate ships staied in France.
Gersea a letter from Lord S^t Albones.
L11 per diem Hull.
The king's answert to our petition about the militia.
If a king offer to kil himselfe, wee must not only advise but wrest the
weapon from.
A similitude of a depilat.
Consciences corrupted."

I ought to state that in one or two instances the wrong cypher has evidently been used by mistake, and this has of course increased the difficulty of decyphering the notes.

With reference to the note "The Capuchins' House to be dissolued," may I be allowed to refer to the following votes in the House of Commons, of the date 26th February, 1641-2:

"Ordered, That Mr. Peard, Mr. Whistler, Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Pideaux, Mr.
Selden, Mr. Young, Mr. Hill, do presently withdraw, to peruse the
statutes now in force against priests and Jesuits.

"Ordered, That Mr. Whittacre, Mr. Morley, do presently go to Denmarke
House.

"Resolved, That the Capuchines shall be forthwith apprehended and taken
into safe custody by the Serjeant-at-Arms attending on this house; and
there kept till this house take farther order."

The Capuchins were under the protection of the Queen Henrietta Maria; Denmark House was the name by which Somerset House was at the period known.

Under date 2nd March, 1641-2, are the following entries in the Commons' Journal:

"Mr. Holles brings this answer from the French Ambassador, That the
Capuchins being sent hither by Articles of Treaty between the Two
Crowns, he durst not of himself send them without Order from the King
his Master, or the King and Queen here: And said farther, That the
Queen had left an express Command for their stay here; and that he
would be ever ready to do any good Office for this House, and to keep a
good Correspondency between the Two Crowns; and if this House pleased,
he would undertake to keep them safe Prisoners at Somersett House; and
that the chapel there shall have the doors locked, and no Mass be said
there.

"Ordered, That Mr. Hollis do acquaint the French Ambassador, that this
House doth accept of his Offer in securing the Persons of the
Capuchins, till this House take farther Order: and that the Doors be
locked, and made fast, at the Chapel at Somersett House; and that no
Mass be said there.

"Ordered, That the Lord Cramborne and Mr. Hollis shall acquaint the
French Ambassador with the desires of this House, that the Capuchins be
forthwith sent away; and to know if he will undertake to send them
away; and, if he will, that then they be forthwith delivered unto him.

"That Mr. Hollis do go up to the Lords, to acquaint them with the
Resolutions of this House, concerning the Capuchins, and desire their
Lordships' concurrence therein."

Some particulars of the proceedings of the parliament against the Capuchins may be found in "Memoirs of the Mission in England of the Capuchin Friars of the Province of Paris by Father Cyprian Gamache," in _The Court and Times of Charles I._, vol. ii. pp. 344. 354.

THOMPSON COOPER.

Cambridge.

* * * * *

EARLY SATIRICAL POEM.

On the turning over the pages of an old printed copy of Durand's _Rationale Divinorum Officiorus_, edited by Bonetus de locatellis bergomensis, and printed at Lyons in 1506, by Natalis Brabam, for Jaques Huguetan, I found the following copy of verses written on the fly-leaf. They are written in a hand which I am inclined to assign to a date {569} not much later than that of the book. There is no clue to the author. If they are thought worthy of insertion in "N. & Q.," I beg to inquire, through the medium of your columns, whether they are to be found in any collection of early English poems? and whether the author is known?

The ungallant sentiment of the first three stanzas is obvious. The fourth is not so plain; nor is its connexion with the others evident, though it is written without anything to mark separation; and the word "finis" is placed below it, as if to apply to the whole. I should be obliged if some one of your readers would give some explanation of it.

W. H. G.

Winchester.

"Wen [_sic_] nettylles in wynter bryngythe forthe rosses red,
And a thorne bryngythe figges naturally,
And grase berrythe appulles in every mede,
And lorrel cherrys on his crope so hye,
And okkys berrythe datys plentyusly,
And kykkys gyvythe hony in superfluans,
The put in women yower trust and confydenc.

"When whythynges walke forrestys hartyse for to chase,
And herrings in parkkys the hornnys boldly bloc,
And marlyons[2] ... hernys in morrys doo unbrace,
And gomards shut ryllyons owght of a crose boow,
And goslyngs goo a howntyng the wolf to overthrow,
And sparlyns bere sperrys and arms for defenc,
Then put yn women yower trust and confydenc.

"When sparrowes byld chorchys and styppyllys of a hyght,
And corlewys carry tymber yn howsys for to dyght,
Wrennys bere sakkys to the myll,
And symgis[3] bryng butter to the market to sell,
And wodcokkys were wodknyffys the crane for to kyll,
And gryffyns to goslynges doo obedienc,
Then put in women yower trust and confydenc.

"O ye imps of Chynner, ye Lydgatys pene,
With the spryght of bookkas ye goodly inspyrryd,
Ye Ynglyshe poet, excydyng other men,
With musyk wyne yower tong yn syrryd,
Ye roll in yower rellatyvys as a horse immyrryd,
With Ovyddes penner ye are gretly in favor,
Ye bere boys incorne, God dyld yow for yower labor.
Finis."

[Footnote 2: Merlin's hawks.]

[Footnote 3: Doubtful; but perhaps for syngies, an old name for the finch.]

* * * * *

THE LETTERS OF ATTICUS.

The editor of the _Grenville Papers_ has alluded to some "very judicious and pertinent remarks in the 'N. & Q.'" respecting the Letters of Atticus, and as most of your readers will probably agree with him that the authenticity of these letters is "a curious and interesting question, and one that deserves _very particular attention_," I beg to correct an error into which he and others have fallen, as to the date when Junius ceased to write under the signature Atticus. The Atticus forwarded by Junius to George Grenville on the 19th October, 1768, was, there is every reason to believe, the _last_ from the pen of that writer, who was then preparing to come before the public in a more prominent character. When another correspondent adopted the signature Atticus, Woodfall gave his readers warning by inserting the following notice into the _Public Advertiser_:

"The Address to the Freeholders of the county of Middlesex, signed
_Atticus_, in our next. The Printer thinks it his duty to acquaint his
readers that this letter is not by the same hand as some letters in
this paper a little time since, under the signature _Atticus_."--_Pub.
Ad._, March 19, 1769.

The printer took the like course when writers attempted to "impose upon the public" by using the signatures Lucius and C., and then freely inserted their letters; but when the same trick was tried with Junius, the printer did not scruple to alter the signature, or reject the contribution as spurious.

The genuine Letters of Atticus have had a narrow escape lately of being laughed out of their celebrity by writers in some of our most respectable periodicals. The authenticity of these letters up to the 19th October, 1768, is now fully established. The undecided question of the authorship of Junius requires that every statement should be carefully examined, and (as far as possible) only well-authenticated facts be admitted as evidence in future.

WILLIAM CRAMP.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Irish Bishops as English Suffragans._--In compliance with the suggestion of J. M. D. in your last volume, p. 385., I abridge from _The Record_ of March 17th the following particulars:

"At a recent meeting of the Archaeolgical Society the Rev. W. Gunner
stated that from a research among the archives of the bishops and of
the college of Winchester, he had found that many Irish bishops, during
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, were merely titular bishops,
bearing the titles of sees in Ireland, while they acted as suffragans
to bishops in England. A Bishop of Achonry, for instance, appeared to
have been frequently deputed by William of Wykeham to consecrate
churches, and to perform other episcopal duties, in his diocese; and
the Bishops of Achonry seemed frequently to have been suffragans of
those of Winchester. No see exhibits more instances of this
expatriation than Dromore, lying as it did in an unsettled and
tumultuous country. Richard Messing, who succeeded to Dromore bishopric
in 1408, was suffragan to the Archbishop of York; and so died at {570}
York within a year after his appointment. His successor John became a
suffragan to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and died such in 1420.
Thomas Scrope, a divine from Leicestershire, was appointed by the Pope
to this see in 1430: he could not live in peace with the Irish, and
therefore became vicar-general to the Bishop of Norwich. Thomas
Radcliffe, his successor, never lived in Ireland: 'the profits of his
see did not extend to 30l. sterling, and for its extreme poverty it is
void and desolate, and almost extincted, in so much as none will own
the same, or abide therein.' Dr. Radcliffe was therefore obliged to
become a suffragan to the Bishop of Durham. William, who followed him
in the Dromore succession in 1500, lived in York, and was suffragan to
its archbishop; and it would seem his successors were also suffragans
in England, until the plantation of Ulster improved the circumstances
of that province."

AN OXFORD B. C. L.

_Pope and Buchanan._--I beg to suggest as a Query, whether Pope did not borrow the opening of his _Essay on Man_ from that of the second book of Buchanan's Latin poem _De Sphaera_. Let us compare them.

Buchanan:

"Jam mihi Timoleon, animo majora capaci
Concipe; nec terras semper mirare jacentes;
Excute degeneres circum mortalia curas,
Et mecum ingentes coeli spatiare per auras."

Pope:

"Awake, my St. John, leave all meaner things
To low ambition and the pride of kings;
Let us, since life can little more supply
Than just to look about us and to die,
Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man."

I do not remember the comparison to have been made before.

WM. EWART.

University Club.

_Scarce MSS. in the British Museum._--In Cotton MSS., Titus, B 1., will be found a curious and valuable collection of papers entitled "Cromwell's Remembrances." These comprise:

1. A period from about the death of Anne Boleyn to his attainder.

2. They are very miscellaneous, consisting of memoranda of subjects for conference with the king. Notices of persons to be remembered for offices. Sale of lands. Diplomacy, and various other particulars. Notes relative to the dissolution of monasteries; their riches, revenues, and pensions to abbots, &c. The reception of Anne Cleves, and the alteration of the royal household thereupon. Privy council and parliamentary notes. Foreign alliances. Scotch and Irish affairs, consequent on the dissolution of abbeys, &c.

These curious materials for history are in the rough and confused state in which they were left by their author, and, to render them available, would require an index to the whole.

The "Remembrances" are in some degree illustrated by Harl. MS. 604., which is a very curious volume of monastic affairs at the dissolution. Also by 605, 606, and 607. The last two belong to the reign of Philip and Mary, and contain an official account of the lands sold by them belonging to the crown in the third and fourth years of their reign.

E. G. BALLARD.

_The Royal Garden at Holyrood Palace._--I cannot help noticing a disgraceful fact, which has only lately come to my knowledge. There is, adjoining the Palace of Holyrood, an ancient garden of the old kings of Scotland: in it is a curious sundial, with Queen Mary's name on it. There is a pear-tree planted by her hands, and there are many other deeply interesting traces of the royal race, who little dreamed how their old stately places were to be profaned, after they themselves were laid in the dust. The garden of the Royal Stuarts is now _let_ to a market gardener! Are there no true-hearted Scotchmen left, who will redeem it from such desecration?

L. M. M. R.

_The Old Ship "Royal Escape."_--The following extract from the _Norwich Mercury_ of Aug. 21, 1819, under the head of "Yarmouth News," will probably be gratifying to your querist ANON, Vol. vii., p. 380.:

"On the 13th inst. put into this port (Yarmouth), having been grounded
on the Barnard Sand, _The Royal Escape_, government hoy, with horses
for his royal highness at Hanover. This vessel is the same that King
Charles II. made his escape in from Brighthelmstone."

JOSEPH DAVEY.

* * * * *

Queries.

"THE LIGHT OF BRITTAINE."

I should be glad, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to be favoured with some particulars regarding this work, and its author, Maister Henry Lyte, of Lytescarie, Esq. He presented the said work with his own hand to "our late soveraigne queene and matchlesse mistresse, on the day when shee came, in royall manner, to Paule's Church." I shall also be glad of any information about his son, Maister Thomas Lyte, of Lytescarie, Esq., "a true immitator and heyre to his father's vertues," and who

"Presented to the Majestie of King James, (with) an excellent mappe or
genealogicall table (contayning the bredth and circumference of twenty
large sheets of paper), which he entitleth _Brittaines Monarchy_,
approuing Brute's History, and the whole succession of this our nation,
from the very original, with the just observation of al times, changes,
and occasions therein happening. This worthy worke, having cost above
{571} seaven yeares labour, beside great charges and expense, his
highnesse hath made very gracious acceptance of, and to witnesse the
same, in court it hangeth in an especiall place of eminence. Pitty it
is, that this phoenix (as yet) affordeth not a fellowe, or that from
privacie it might not bee made more generall; but, as his Majestie has
granted him priviledge, so, that the world might be woorthie to enjoy
it, whereto, if friendship may prevaile, as he hath been already, so
shall he be still as earnestly sollicited."

These two works appear to have been written towards the close of the sixteenth century. Is anything more known of them, and their respective authors?

TRAJA-NOVA.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_Thirteen an unlucky Number._--Is there not at Dantzic a clock, which at 12 admits, through a door, Christ and the Eleven, shutting out Judas, who is admitted at 1?

A. C.

_Quotations._--

"I saw a man, who saw a man, who said he saw the king."

Whence?

"Look not mournfully into the past; it comes not back again,"
&c.--Motto of _Hyperion_.

Whence?

A. A. D.

_"Other-some" and "Unneath."_--I do not recollect having ever seen these expressions, until reading Parnell's _Fairy Tale_. They occur in the following stanzas:

"But now, to please the fairy king,
Full every deal they laugh and sing,
And antic feats devise;
Some wind and tumble like an ape,
And _other-some_ transmute their shape
In Edwin's wondering eyes.

"Till one at last, that Robin hight,
Renown'd for pinching maids by night,
Has bent him up aloof;
And full against the beam he flung,
Where by the back the youth he hung
To sprawl _unneath_ the roof."

As the author professes the poem to be "in the ancient English style," are these words veritable ancient English? If so, some correspondent of "N. & Q." may perhaps be able to give instances of their recurrence.

ROBERT WRIGHT.

_Newx, &c._--Can any of your readers give me the _unde derivatur_ of the word _newx_, or _noux_, or _knoux_? It is a very old word, used for the last hundred years, as _fag_ is at our public schools, for a young cadet at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. When I was there, some twenty-five or twenty-seven years ago, the _noux_ was the youngest cadet of the four who slept in one room: and a precious life of it he led. But this, I hope, is altered now. I have often wanted to find out from whence this term is derived, and I suppose that your paper will find some among your numerous correspondents who will be able to enlighten me.

T. W. N.

Malta.

_"A Joabi Alloquio."_--Who can explain the following, and point out its source? I copy from the work of a Lutheran divine, Conrad Dieteric, _Analysis Evangeliorum_, 1631, p. 188.:

"A Joabi Alloquio,
A Thyestis Convivio,
Ab Iscariotis 'Ave,'
A Diasii 'Salve'
Ab Herodis 'Redite'
A Gallorum 'Venite.'
Libera nos Domine."

The fourth and sixth line I do not understand.

B. H. C.

_Illuminations._--When were illuminations in cities first introduced? Is there any allusion to them in classic authors?

CAPE.

_Heraldic Queries._--Will some correspondent versed in heraldry answer me the following questions?

1. What is the origin and meaning of women of all ranks, except the sovereign, being now debarred from bearing their arms in shields, and having to bear them in lozenges? Formerly, all ladies of rank bore shields upon their seals, _e.g._ the seal of Margaret, Countess of Norfolk, who deceased A.D. 1399; and of Margaret, Countess of Richmond, and mother of Henry VIII., who deceased A.D. 1509. These shields are figured in the _Glossary of Heraldry_, pp. 285, 286.

2. Is it, heraldically speaking, wrong to inscribe the motto upon a circle (not a garter) or ribbon round the shield? So says the _Glossary_, p. 227. If wrong, on what principle?

3. Was it ever the custom in this country, as on the Continent to this day, for ecclesiastics to bear their arms in a circular or oval panel?--the martial form of the shield being considered inconsistent with their spiritual character. If so, when did the custom commence, and where may instances be seen either on monuments or in illustrated works?

CEYREP.

_John's Spoils from Peterborough and Crowland._--Clement Spelman, in his Preface to the reader, with which he introduces his father's treatise _De non temerandis Ecclesiis_, says (edit. Oxford, 1841, p.45.):

"I cannot omit the sacrilege and punishment of King John, who in the
seventeenth year of his reign, among other churches, rifled the abbeys
of {572} Peterborough and Croyland, and after attempts to carry his
sacrilegious wealth from Lynn to Lincoln; but, passing the Washes, the
earth in the midst of the waters opens her mouth (as for Korah and his
company), and at once swallows up both carts, carriage, and horses, all
his treasure, all his regalities, all his church spoil, and all the
church spoilers; not one escapes to bring the king word," &c.

Is the precise spot known where this catastrophe occurred, or have any relics been since recovered to give evidence of the fact?

J. SANSOM.

_"Elementa sex," &c._--Perhaps one of your readers, given to such trifles, will hazard a guess at the solution, if not at the author, of the subjoined:

"Elementa sex me proferent totam tibi;
Totam hanc, lucernis si tepent fungi, vides,
Accisa senibus suppetit saltantibus,
Levetur, armis adfremunt Horatii;
Facienda res est omnibus, si fit minor,
Es, quod relinquis deinde, si subtraxeris;
Si rite tandem quaeritas originem,
Ad sibilum, vix ad sonum, reverteris."

EFFIGY.

_Jack and Gill--Sir Hubbard de Hoy._--Having recently amused myself by a dive into old Tusser's _Husbandrie_, the following passages suggested themselves as fitting _Queries_ for your pages:

_Jack and Gill._--

"Let Jack nor Gill
Fetch corn at will."

Can the "Jack and Gill" of our nursery tales be traced to an earlier date than Tusser's time?

_Hobble de Hoy._--Speaking of the periods of a man's life, Tusser's advice, from the age of fourteen years to twenty-one, is to "Keep under Sir Hubbard de Hoy." Is it known whether there ever existed a personage so named, either as a legend or a myth? And if not, what is the origin of the modern term "Hobble de Hoy" as a designation for a stripling? Bailey omits it in his _Dictionary_.

L. A. M.

_Humphrey Hawarden._--Information is solicited respecting this individual, who was a Doctor of Laws, and living in 1494. Also, of a Justice Port, living about the same period.

T. HUGHES.

Chester.

_"Populus vult decipi."_--

"Populus } {
Mundus } vult decipi { et decipiatur,
Vulgus } { decipiatur ergo."

Who was the author of the maxim? which is its correct form? and where is it to be found? It seems to present another curious instance of our ignorance of things with which we are familiar. I have put the question to a dozen scholars, fellows of colleges, barristers, &c. &c., and none has been able to give me an answer. One only _thinks_ it was a dictum of some Pope.

HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.

_Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire._--Where can any list of the sheriffs for these counties be found, _previous_ to the list given by Fuller from the time of Henry VIII.?

D.

_Harris._--The Rev. William Harris, B.A., was presented, by Thomas Pindar, Esq., to the vicarage of Luddington, Lincolnshire, on the 7th August, 1722. Mr. Harris died here in June, 1748, aged eighty-two. On his tomb is inscribed,--

"Illi satis licuit
Nunc veterum libris, nunc
Somno, et inertibus horis
Ducere solicitae jucunda oblivio vitae."

A tradition of his being a wizard still lingers in the village, and I should be very glad to receive any particulars respecting him. From an inspection of his will at Lincoln, it appears that he used the coat of the ancient family of Harris of Radford, Devon, and that his wife's name was Honora, a Christian name not infrequent about that period in families of the West of England also, as, for instance, Honora, daughter of Sir Richard Rogers of Bryanstone, who married Edward Lord Beauchamp, and had a daughter Honora, who married Sir Ferdinand Sutton; Honora, the wife of Harry Conway, Esq., of Bodrhyddan, Flint; Honora, daughter of Edward Fortescue of Fallapit; besides others.

W. H. LAMMIN.

Fulham.

* * * * *

Replies.

BISHOP BUTLER.

(Vol. vii., p. 528.)

"Charity thinketh no evil;" but we must feel both surprise and regret that any one should, in 1853, consider it a doubtful question whether Bishop Butler died in the communion of the Church of England. The bishop has now been in his grave more than a hundred years; but Warburton says truly, "How light a matter very often subjects the best-established characters to the suspicions of posterity--how ready is a remote age to catch at a low revived slander, which the times that brought it forth saw despised and forgotten almost in its birth."

X. Y. Z. says he would be glad to have this charge (originally brought forward in 1767) _sifted_. He will find that it has been sifted, and in the most full and satisfactory manner, by persons of no less distinction than Archbishop Secker and Bishop Halifax. The strong language employed by the archbishop, when refuting what he terms {573} a "gross and scandalous falsehood," and when asserting the bishops "abhorrence of popery," need not here be quoted, as "N.& Q." is not the most proper channel for the discussion of theological subjects; but it is alleged that every man of sense and candour was convinced _at the time_ that the charge should be retracted; and it must be a satisfaction to your correspondent to know, that as Bishop Butler lived so he _died_, in full communion with that Church, which he adorned equally by his matchless writings, sanctity of manners, and spotless life.[4]

J. H. MARKLAND.

Bath.

[Footnote 4: Your correspondent may be referred to _Memoirs of the Life of Bishop Butler_, by a connexion of his own, the Rev. Thomas Bartlett, A.M., published in 1839; and to a review of the same work in the _Quarterly Review_, vol. lxiv. p. 331.]

In reference to the Query by X. Y. Z., as to whether Bishop Butler died in the Roman Catholic communion, allow me to refer your correspondent to the contents of the letters from Dr. Forster and Bishop Benson to Secker, then Bishop of Oxford, concerning the last illness and death of the prelate in question, deposited at Lambeth amongst the private MSS. of Archbishop Seeker, "as negative arguments against the calumny of his dying a Papist."

Than the allegations that Butler died with a Roman Catholic book of devotion in his hand, and that the last person in whose company he was seen was a priest of that persuasion, nothing can be more unreasonable, if at least it be meant to deduce from these unproved statements that the bishop agreed with the one and held communion with the other. Dr. Forster, his chaplain, was with him at his death, which happened about 11 A.M., June 16; and this witness observes (in a letter to the Bishop of Oxford, June 18) that "the last four-and-twenty hours preceding which [_i. e._ his death] were divided between short broken slumbers, and intervals of a calm but disordered talk when awake." Again (letter to Ditto, June 17), Forster says that Bishop Butler, "when, for a day or two before his death, he had in a great measure lost the use of his faculties, was perpetually talking of writing to your lordship, though without seeming to have anything which, at least, he was at all capable of communicating to you." Bishop Benson writes to the Bishop of Oxford (June 12) that Butler's "attention to any one or anything is immediately lost and gone;" and, "my lord is incapable, not only of reading, but attending to anything read or said." And again, "his attention to anything is very little or none."

There was certainly an interval between this time (June 12) and "the last four-and-twenty hours" preceding his death, during which, writes Bishop Benson (June 17), Butler "said kind and affecting things more than I could bear." Yet, on the whole, I submit that these extracts, if fully weighed and considered with all the attending circumstances, contain enough of even positive evidence to refute conclusively the injurious suspicions alluded to by X. Y. Z., if such are still current.

J. R. C.

* * * * *

MITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO FORGERS.

(Vol. iv., p. 434., &c.)

I have asked many questions, and turned over many volumes and files of newspapers, to get at the real facts of the cases of mitigation stated in "N. & Q." Having winnowed the chaff as thoroughly as I could, I send the very few grains I have found. Those only who have searched annual registers, magazines, and journals for the foundation of stories defective in names and dates, will appreciate my difficulties.

I have not found any printed account of the "Jeannie Deans" case, "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 434.; Vol. v., p. 444.; Vol. vi., p. 153. I have inquired of the older members of the Northern Circuit, and they never heard of it. Still a young man may have been convicted of forgery "about thirty-five years ago:" his sister may have presented a well-signed petition to the judges, and the sentence may have been commuted without the tradition surviving on the circuit. All however agree, that no man who ever sat on the bench deserved the imputation of "obduracy" less than Baron Graham. I should not have noticed the anecdote but for its _mythic_ accompaniments, which I disposed of in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 444.

In Vol. vi., p. 496., W. W. cites from Wade's _British History_:

"July 22, 1814. Admiral William B----y found guilty of forging letters
to defraud the revenue. He was sentenced to death, which was commuted
to banishment."

The case is reported in _The Sun_, July 25, 1814; and the subsequent facts are in _The Times_, July 30, and August 16 and 20. It was tried before Mr. Justice Dampier at the Winchester Summer Assizes. There were five bills against the prisoner for forgery, and one for a fraud. That on which he was convicted, was for defrauding the post-master of Gosport of 3l. 8s. 6d. He took to the post-office a packet of 114 letters, which he said were "ship letters," from the "Mary and Jane." He received the postage, and signed the receipt "W. Johnstone." The letters were fictitious. The case was fully proved, and he received sentence of death. He was respited for a fortnight, and afterwards during the pleasure of the Prince Regent. He was struck off the list of retired {574} rear-admirals. It was proved at the trial, that, in 1809, he commanded "The Plantagenet;" but, _from the unsettled state of his mind_, the command had been given up to the first lieutenant, and that he was shortly after superseded. This, and the good character he received, were probably held to excuse the pardon.

I now come to the great case of George III. and Mr. Fawcett. I much regret that WHUNSIDE has not replied in your pages to my question (Vol. vii., p. 163.), as I could then have commented upon the facts, and his means of knowing them, with more freedom. I have a private communication from him, which is ample and candid. He objects to bring his name before the public, and I have no right to press that point. He is not _quite_ certain as to the convict's name, but can procure it for me. He would rather that it should not be published, as it might give pain to a respectable family. Appreciating the objection, and having no use for it except to publish, I have declined to ask it of him.

The case occurred in 1802 or 1803, when WHUNSIDE was a pupil of Mr. Fawcett. He says:

"Occasionally Mr. Fawcett used to allow certain portions of a weekly
newspaper to be read to the boys on a Saturday evening. This case was
read to us, I think from the _Leeds Mercury_; and though Mr. Fawcett's
name was not mentioned, we were all aware who the minister was."

Thus we have no _direct_ evidence of the amount of Mr. Fawcett's communications with George III. How much of the story as it is now told was read to the boys, we do not know; but that it came to them first through a weekly paper, is rather against than for it.

We all know the tendency of good stories to pick up additions as they go. I have read that the first edition of the _Life of Loyola_ was without miracles. This anecdote seems to have reached its full growth in 1823, in Pearson's _Life of W. Hey, Esq._, and probably in the two lives of George III., published after his death, and mentioned by WHUNSIDE. Pearson, as cited in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 276., says, that by some means the _Essay on Anger_ had been recommended to the notice of George III., who would have made the author a bishop had he not been a dissenter; that he signified his wish to serve Mr. Fawcett, &c. That on the conviction of H----, Mr. Fawcett wrote to the king; and a letter soon arrived, conveying the welcome intelligence, "You may rest assured that his life is safe," &c.

It is not stated that this was "private and confidential:" if it was, Mr. Fawcett had no right to mention it; if it was not, he had no reason for concealing what was so much to his honour, and so extraordinary as the king's personal interference in a matter invariably left to the Secretary of State for the Home Department. If, however, Mr. Fawcett was silent from modesty, his biographers had no inducement to be so; yet, let us see how they state the case. The _Account of the Life, Writings, and Ministry of the late Rev. John Fawcett_: London, 1818, cited in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 229., says:

"He was induced, _in conjunction with others_, to solicit the exercise
of royal clemency in mitigating the severity of that punishment which
the law denounces: and it gladdened the sympathetic feelings of his
heart to know that these petitions were not unavailing; but the modesty
of his character made him regret the publicity which had been given to
this subject."

The fifth edition of the _Essay on Anger, printed for the Book Society for Promoting Religious Knowledge_, London, no date, has a memoir of the author. The "incident" is said not to have been circulated _in any publication by the family_; but "it was one of the secrets which obtain a wider circulation from the reserve with which one relator invariably retails it to another." That is exactly my view. Secrecy contributes to diffusion, but not to accuracy. At the risk of being thought tedious, I must copy the rest of this statement:

"Soon after the publication of this treatise, _the author took an
opportunity of presenting a copy_ to our late much revered sovereign;
whose ear was always accessible to merit, however obscure the
individual in whom it was found. Contrary to the fate of most
publications laid at the feet of royalty, it was diligently perused and
admired; and a communication of this approbation was afterwards made
known to the author. It happened some time afterwards, a relative of
one of his friends was convicted of a capital crime, for which he was
left for execution. Application was instantly made for an extension of
royal favour in his behalf; and, among others, one was made by Mr.
Fawcett: and his majesty, _no doubt recollecting the pleasure he had
derived from the perusal of his_ Essay on Anger, _and believing that he
would not recommend an improper person to royal favour_, was most
graciously pleased to answer the prayer of the petition; but _as to
precisely how far the name of Mr. Fawcett might have contributed to
this successful application must await the great disclosures of a
future judgment._"

The reader will sift this jumble of inferences and facts, and perhaps will not go so far as to have "no doubt."

WHUNSIDE tells me, that about 1807 he employed a bookbinder from Halifax; who, on hearing that he had been a pupil of Mr. Fawcett, said he had seen two copies of the _Essay on Anger_, most beautifully bound, to be sent to the king.

The conclusion to which I come is, that Mr. Fawcett sent a copy of the _Essay on Anger_ to the king; that the receipt of it was acknowledged, possibly in some way more complimentary than the ordinary circular; that a young man was convicted of forgery; that Mr. Fawcett and others petitioned for his pardon, and that he was {575} pardoned. All the rest I hold to be mere rumours, not countenanced by Mr. Fawcett or his family, and not _asserted_ by his biographers.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

* * * * *

MYTHE VERSUS MYTH.

(Vol. vii., p. 326.)

MR. KEIGHTLEY'S rule is only partially true, and in the part which is true is not fully stated. The following rules, qualified by the accompanying remarks, will I trust be found substantially correct.

English monosyllables, formed from Greek or Latin monosyllabic roots,

(1.) When the root ends in a single consonant preceded by a vowel, require the lengthening e.

(2.) When the root ends in a single consonant preceded by a diphthong, or in more than one consonant preceded by a vowel, reject the e.

1. Examples from the Greek:--[Greek: schem-a], _scheme_; [Greek: lur-a] (lyr-a), _lyre_; [Greek: zon-e] (zon-a), _zon-e_; [Greek: bas-is], _base_; [Greek: phras-is], _phras-e_; [Greek: trop-os], _trop-e_. From Latin, ros-a, _ros-e_; fin-is, _fin-e_; fum-us, _fum-e_; pur-us, _pur-e_; grad-us, _grad-e_. Compare, in verbs, ced-o, _ced-e_.

_Remarks._--This rule admits of a modification; _e.g._ we form from [Greek: zel-os] _zeal_ (the sound hardly perceptibly differing from _zel-e_); from [Greek: hor-a] (hor-a), _hour_; from flos (flor-is), _flower_ and _flour_ (the long sound communicated to the vowel in the other words by the added _e_, being in these already contained in the diphthong). Add ven-a, _vein_; van-us, _vain_; sol-um, _soil_, &c.; and compare _-ceed_ in _proceed_, _succeed_, formed from compounds of ced-o. Some, but not all, of these words have come to us through the French.

2. Examples from the Greek:--[Greek: rheum-a], _rheum_; [Greek: chasm-a], _chasm_; [Greek: murr-a], _myrrh_; [Greek: gloss-a], _gloss_; [Greek: numph-e] (nymph-a), _nymph_; [Greek: disk-os], (disc-us), _disk_; [Greek: plinth-os], _plinth_; [Greek: psalm-os], _psalm_. From Latin, fraus (fraud-is), _fraud_; laus (laud-is), _laud_; plant-a, _plant_; orb-is, _orb_; plumb-um, _plumb_; long-us, _long_, flux-us, _flux_; port-us, _port_. Compare, in verbs, damn-o, _damn_; err-o, _err_; add-o, _add_; vex-o, _vex_.

_Remarks._--From roots ending in the same consonant doubled, our derived words ordinarily drop one of them; _e.g._ [Greek: stemm-a], _stem_; gemm-a, _gem_; summ-a, _sum_; penn-a, _pen_; carr-us, _car_. (Note this tendency of our language, by comparing our _man_ with the German _mann_.)