Chapter C: J. P

Great Yarmouth.

"_Adrian turn'd the bull._"--In an old MS. in my possession, the following verse occurs:--

"Of whate'er else your head be full,
Remember Adrian turn'd the bull;
'Tis time that you should turn the chase,
Kick out the knave and take the place."

Would any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." be so good as to explain to me the reference in the second line of the verse?

G. M.

_Cary's "Palaeologia Chronica._"--I have an old book entitled:

"Palaeologia Chronica; a Chronological Account of Ancient Time.
Performed by Robert Cary, D.LL., Devon. London: printed by J. Darby,
for Richard Chiswell, at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church Yard,
1677."

and shall be glad to be informed whether the author was any relation of Dr. Valentine Carey, who was consecrated bishop of Exeter in 1620, and died in 1626. (See Walton's _Life of Dr. Donne_.)

CHRIS. ROBERTS.

Bradford, Yorkshire.

_The Southwark Pudding Wonder._--I have been very much pleased with the perusal of a collection of MS. letters, written by the celebrated antiquary William Stukeley to Maurice Johnson, Esq., the founder of the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding. These letters have not been published; the MSS. exist in the library of the Spalding Society. They contain much interesting matter, and furnish many traits of the manners, character, and modes of thinking and acting of their respected author.

Can any of your readers explain the meaning of the following passage, which is found in a letter dated 19th June, 1718: "_The Southwark Pudding wonder is over?_"

In the same letter the Dr. alludes to a contested election for the office of Chamberlain of the City of London, which took place in 1718:

"The city is all in an uproar about the election of a chamberlain, like
a country corporation for burgesses, where roast pig and beef and wine
are dealt about freely at taverns, and advertisements about it more
voluminous than the late celebrated Bangorean Notification, though not
in a calm and undisturbed way."

PISHEY THOMPSON.

Stoke Newington.

_Roman Catholics confined in Fens of Ely._--Mr. Dickens, in _Household Words_, No. 169. p. 382., in the continuation of a "Child's History of England," says, when alluding to the threatened invasion of England by the Spanish Armada:

"Some of the Queen's advisers were for seizing the principal English
Catholics, and putting them to death; but the queen--who, to her
honour, used to say that she would never believe any ill of her
subjects, which a parent would not believe of her own
children--neglected the advice, and only confined a few of those who
were the most suspected among them, in the fens of Lincolnshire."

Mr. Dickens had, of course, as he supposed, good authority for making this statement; but, in reply to a private communication, he states it should have been _Fens of Ely_. I am, perhaps convicting myself of gross ignorance by seeking for information respecting it; nevertheless, I venture to ask the readers of at "N. & Q." for a reference to the authentic history, where a corroboration of Mr. Dickens' statement is to be found?

PISHEY THOMPSON.

Stoke Newington.

_White Bell Heather transplanted._--Is it generally known that _white bell_ heather becomes _pink_ on being transplanted from its native hills into a garden? Two plants were shown to me a few days ago, by a country neighbour, flowering pink, which were transplanted, the one three, and the other two, years ago; the former had white bells for two years, the latter for one year only. What I wish to know is, Whether these are exceptional cases or not?

W. C.

Argyleshire.

_Green's "Secret Plot."_--Can you inform me where the scene of the following drama is laid, and the names of the _dramatis personae_? _The Secret Plot_; a tragedy by Rupert Green, 12mo., 1777. The author of this play, which was published when he was only in his ninth year, was the son of Mr. Valentine Green, who wrote a history of Worcester.

A. Z.

"_The full Moon brings fine Weather._"--When did this saying originate, and have we any proof of its correctness? The late Duke of Wellington is reported to have said, that, as regarded the weather, it was "nonsense to have any faith in the moon." (Vide Larpent's _Private Journal_, vol. ii. p. 283.)

W. W.

Malta.

_Nash the Artist._--In the year 1802, Mr. F. Nash made a water-colour drawing of the Town Hall, churches, &c., in the High Street of the ancient borough of Dorchester; a line engraving (now rather scarce) was shortly afterwards published therefrom by Mr. J. Frampton, then a bookseller in the town. Can any reader of the {80} "N. & Q." inform me what Mr. Nash this was, and what became of him? Was he related to the _Castles and Abbeys_ Nash?

JOHN GARLAND.

Dorchester.

_Woodwork of St. Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell._--The Cambridge Architectural Society, which is now attempting the restoration of St. Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell, will feel deeply indebted to any of your readers who can give them any information respecting the carved woodwork removed from that church some forty years ago, to make way for the present hideous arrangement of pews and pulpit. A man who lives on the spot speaks of a fine wood screen, and highly decorated pulpit, some portions of which were sold by auction; and the rest was in his possession for some time, and portions of it were given away by him to all who applied for it.

THE TREASURER.

Trin. Coll. Camb.

"_The Mitre and the Crown._"--I find the following work, at first published anonymously, reprinted as Dr. Atterbury's in Sir Walter Scott's edition of the _Somers' Tracts_. No reason is assigned by the editor for ascribing it to him, and I should be glad to know whether there is any satisfactory evidence for doing so. The original tract appears as anonymous the Bodleian Catalogue:

"The Mitre and the Crown, or a real Distinction between them: in a
Letter to a Reverend Member of the Convocation: Lond. 1711, 8vo."

[Greek: Halieus].

Dublin.

_Military Music._--Was military music ever played at night in the time of King Charles I.?

MILITARIS.

Belfast.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Stoven Church._--Can you give me any information concerning the _original_ church of Stoven, Suffolk, which was of good Norman work throughout, as lately ascertained by the vast number of Norman mouldings found in the walls in restoring it?

L. (2)

[In Jermyn's "Suffolk Collections," vol. vi. (Add. MSS. 8173.), in the
British Museum, are the following Notes of this church, taken 1st June,
1808, by H. I. and D. E. D.: "The Church consists of a nave and
chancel, both under one roof, which is covered with thatch. The chancel
is 30 ft. 3 in. long, and 15 ft. 5 in. wide. The communion-table is
neither raised nor inclosed. The floor of the whole church is also of
the same height. The nave is 30 ft. long, and 16 ft. 1 in. wide.
Between the chancel and nave are the remains of a screen, and over it
the arms of George II., between two tables containing the Lord's
Prayer, &c. In the N. E. angle is the pulpit, which is of oak, hexagon,
ordinary, as are also the pews and seats. At the W. end stands the
font, which is octagon, the faces containing roses and lions, and two
figures holding blank escutcheons, the pedestal supported by four
lions. The steeple is in the usual place, small, square, of flints, but
little higher than the roof. In it is only one bell, inscribed 1759.
The entrance into the church on the N. side is through a circular Saxon
arch, not much ornamented. On the side is another of the same
description, but more ornamented, with zig-zag moulding, &c." Then
follow the inscriptions, &c. in the chancel, of Mrs. Elizabeth Brown,
John Brown, Thomas Brown; in the nave, of Henry Keable, with extracts
from the parish register commencing in 1653.]

_The Statute of Kilkenny._--Said to have been passed in 1364. What was the nature of it?

ABREDONENSIS.

[This statute legally abolished the ancient code of the Irish, called
the Brehon laws, and was passed in a parliament held at Kilkenny in the
40th Edward III., under the government of Lionel, Duke of Clarence,
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. By this act, the English are commanded in
all controversies to govern themselves by the common laws of England,
so that whoever submitted himself to the Brehon law, or the law of the
Marches, is declared a traitor. Among other things the statute enacted
that "the alliaunce of the English by marriage with any Irish, the
nurture of infantes, and gossipred with the Irish, be deemed high
treason." And again, "If anie man of English race use an Irish name,
Irish apparell, or any other guize or fashion of the Irish, his lands
shall be seized, and his bodie imprisoned, till he shall conform to
English modes and customs." This statute was followed by the 18th Henry
VI. c. i. ii. iii., and the 28th Hen. VI., c. i., with similar
prohibitions and penalties. These prohibitions, however, had little
effect; nor were the English laws universally submitted to throughout
Ireland until the time of James I., when the final extirpation of the
ancient Brehon law was effected.]

_Kenne of Kenne._--Can any of your Kentish correspondents inform me to whom a certain Christ. Kenne of Kenne, in co. Somerset, sold the manor of "Oakley," in the parish of Higham, near Rochester; and in whose possession it was about the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth or commencement of James I.?

The above Kenne, by marrying Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Roger Cholmeley, and widow of Sir Leonard Beckwith, of Selby, in co. York, acquired possession of the same manor in co. Kent.

After the death of his first wife, he married a Florence Stalling, who survived him. He died in 1592.

F. T.

["Christopher Kenne of Kenne, in the county of Somerset, Esq., was
possessed of the manor of Little Okeley, in Higham, Kent, in the right
of his wife, the daughter and co-heir of Sir Roger Cholmeley, anno {81}
22 Eliz.; and then, having levied a fine of it, sold it to Thompson,
and he, in the reign of Charles I., alienated it to Best."--_Hasted._

Of course, the Christian name of Thompson, and other particulars if
required, can be obtained by a reference to the foot of the fine in the
Record Office, Carlton Ride.]

_Rents of Assize, &c._--In the _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, the following varieties of income derived from rent of land constantly recur, viz.:

"De redditu (simply).
De redditu assisae.
De redditu libero.
De redditu ad voluntatem."

Can the distinction between these be exactly explained by any corresponding annual payments for land according to present custom? And will any of your readers be kind enough to give such explanation?

J.

[_Redditus._--Rents from lands let out to tenants; modern farm rents.

_Redditus Assisae._--Quit rents: fixed sums paid by the tenants of a
manor annually to the lord; as in modern times.

_Redditus Liberi._--Those quit rents which were paid to the lord by
"liberi tenentes," freeholders; as distinguished from "villani bassi
tenentes," &c.

_Redditus ad voluntatem._--Annual payments "ad voluntatem donatium;"
such as "confrana," &c. The modern Easter Offering perhaps corresponds
with them.]

_Edifices of Ancient and Modern Times._--Can any of your architectural or antiquarian readers inform me where a chronological list of the principal edifices of ancient and modern times can be found?

GETSRN.

[Consult _Chronological Tables of Ancient and Modern History
Synchronistically and Ethnographically arranged_, fol., Oxford, 1835.
For those relating to Great Britain, see Britton's _Chronological and
Historical Illustrations_, and his _Architectural Antiquities of Great
Britain_.]

_Gorram._--Please to direct me where I can find a short account of Gorram, an ecclesiastical writer (I suppose) mentioned by D'Aubigne, vol. v. p. 245.

L. (2)

[The divine alluded to by D'Aubigne is no doubt Nicholas de Gorran, a
Dominican, confessor to Philip the Fair of France. He was an admired
and eloquent preacher, and his Sermons, together with a Commentary on
the Gospels, appeared at Paris, 1523 and 1539. He died in 1295.]

"_Rock of Ages._"--Who is the author of the hymn beginning "Rock of Ages?"

J. G. T.

[That celebrated advocate for _The Calvinism of the Church of England_,
the Rev. Augustus Montague Toplady.]

* * * * *

Replies.

REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS.

(Vol. vii., p. 591.)

Responding to the challenge of your correspondent MR. ANDREWS, I copy the following from my common-place book:

_From Lintot's memorandum-book of "Copies when purchased."_

_Farquhar._
L s. d.
1705. Recruiting Officer 16 2 6
1706. Beaux Stratagem 30 0 0

_Betterton._

1712. The Miller's Tale, with some characters
from Chaucer 5 7 6

_Mr. Centlivre._

1703. May 14. Love's Contrivance 10 0 0
1709. May 14. Busy Body 10 0 0

_Mr. Cibber._

1701. Nov. 8. A third of Love's Last Shift 3 4 6
1705. Nov. 5. Perolla and Izadora 36 11 0
1707. Oct. 27. Double Gallant 16 2 6
Nov. 22. Lady's Last Stake 32 5 0
Feb. 26. Venus and Adonis 5 7 6
1708. Oct. 9. Comical Lover 10 15 0
1712. Mar. 16. Cinna's Conspiracy 13 0 0
1718. Oct. 1. The Nonjuror 105 0 0

_Mr. Gay._

1713. May 12. Wife of Bath 25 0 0
1714. Nov. 11. Letter to a Lady 5 7 6
1715. Feb. 14. The What-d'ye-call-it? 16 2 6
Dec. 22. Trivia 43 0 0
Epistle to the Earl of Burlington 10 15 0
1717. May 4. Battle of the Frogs 16 2 6
Jan. 8. Three Hours after Marriage 43 2 6
Revival of the Wife of Bath 75 0 0
The Mohocks, a farce 2l. 10s.
Sold the Mohocks to him again.
-----------
234 10 0
-----------

_Captain Killegrew._

1718-l9. Feb. 14. Chit Chat 84 0 0

_Mr. Ozell._

1711. Nov. 18. } Translating Homer's Iliad,
1712. Jan. 4. } books i. ii. iii. 10 8 6
1713. April 29. Translating Moliere 37 12 6

_N. Rowe, Esq._

Dec. 12. Jane Shore 50 15 0
1715. April 27. Jane Grey 73 5 0

_Somerville._

1727. July 14. A Collection of Poems. 35 15 0

{82}

_Pope._

1712. Feb. 19. Statius, 1st book, and Verstumnus
and Pomona 16 2 6
Mar. 21. First edition of the Rape 7 0 0
April 9. To a lady presenting Voiture.
Upon Silence. To the author
of a poem called Successio 3 16 6

1712-13. Windsor Forest (Feb. 23) 32 5 0

1713. July 23. Ode to St. Cecilia's Day 15 0 0

1714. Feb. 20. Addition to the Rape 15 0 0
Mar. 23. Homer, vol. i. 215 0 0
650 copies on royal paper 176 0 0

1715. Feb. 1. Temple of Fame 32 5 0
April 21. Key to the Lock 10 15 0

1716. Feb. 9. Homer, vol. ii. 215 0 0
May 2. 650 royal paper 150 0 0
July 17. Essay on Criticism 15 0 0

1717. Aug. 9. Homer, vol. iii. 215 0 0

1718. Jan. 6. 650 royal paper 150 0 0
Mar. 3. Homer, vol. iv. 210 0 0
650 royal paper 150 0 0
Oct. 17. Homer, vol. v. 210 0 0

1719. April 6. 650 royal paper 150 0 0

1720. Feb. 26. Homer, vol. vi. 210 0 0
May 7. 650 royal paper 150 0 0

1721. Parnell's Poems 15 0 0
Paid Mr. Pope for the subscription-money
due on the 2nd volume of his
Homer, and on his 5th volume, at
the agreement for the said 5th vol.--(I
had Mr. Pope's assignment for
the royal paper that was then left of
his Homer) 840 0 0

Copy-money for the Odyssey, vols. i. ii. iii.,
and 750 of each volume printed on royal
paper, 4to. 615 0 0

Copy-money for the Odyssey, vols. iv. and
v., and 750 of each royal 425 18 7-1/2
----------------
L4244 8 7-1/2
----------------

From that storehouse of instruction and amusement, Nichols's _Anecdotes_, vol. viii. pp. 293-304.

I take this opportunity of forwarding to you a curious memorandum which I found in rummaging the papers of a "note-maker" of the last century. It appears to be a bill of fare for the entertainment of a party, upon the "flitch of bacon" being decreed to a happy couple. It is at Harrowgate, and not at Dunmow, which would lead us to believe that this custom was not confined to one county. The feast itself is almost as remarkable, as regards its component parts, as that produced by Mr. Thackeray, in his delightful "Lectures," as characteristic of polite feeding in Queen Anne's reign:

"_June 25.--Mr. and Mrs. Liddal's Dinner at Green Dragon, Harrowgate,
on taking Fflitch Bacon Oath._

_Bill Fare._
Beans and bacon.
Cabbage, colliflower.
Three doz. chickens.
Two shoulders mutton, cowcumbers.
Two turbets.
Rump beef, &c. &c.
Goose and plumbpudding.
Quarter lamb, sallad.
Tarts, jellies, strawberries, cream.
Cherrys, syllabubs, and blomonge.
Leg lamb, spinnage.
Crawfish, pickled salmon.
Fryd tripe, calves' heads.
Gravy and Pease soup.
Two piggs.
Breast veal, ragoud.
Ice cream, pine apple.
Surloin beaf.
Pidgeons, green peas.
Lobsters, crabs.
Twelve red herrings, twenty-two dobils."

W. R.

Stockwell.

* * * * *

ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS.

(Vol. vii., p. 489.)

Perhaps the following may be of service as a farther illustration of this subject.

Zacharie Boyd says, in _The Last Battell of the Sovle in Death_, 1629, reprinted Glasgow, 1831, at p. 469.:

"Now after his Battell ended hee hath surrendered the spirit,
_Clepsydra effluxit_, his _houre-glasse_ is now runne out, and his
soule is come to its wished home, where it is free from the fetters of
flesh."

This divine was minister of the barony parish of Glasgow, the church for which was then in the crypt of the cathedral. I have no doubt the hour-glass was there used from which he draws his simile. Your correspondent refers to sermons an hour long, but, to judge from the contents of "Mr. Zacharie's" MS. sermons still preserved in the library of the College of Glasgow, each, at the rate of ordinary speaking, must have occupied at least an hour and a half in delivery. When he had become infirm and near his end, and had found it necessary to shorten his sermons, his "kirk session" was offended, as--

"Feb. 13, 1651. Some are to speak to Mr. Z. Boyd about the soon
skailing (dismissing) of the Baronie Kirk on Sunday afternoon."

Though sermons are now generally restricted from three quarters to an hour's delivery, the practice of long preaching in the olden times in the west of Scotland had much prevailed. Within my own recollection I have heard sermons of nearly two hours' duration; and early among a few classes of the first Dissenters, on "Sacramental Occasions" as they are yet called, the services lasted altogether (not unfrequently) continuously from ten o'clock on Sabbath forenoon, to three and {83} four o'clock the following morning. A traditional anecdote is current of an old Presbyterian clergyman, unusually full of matter, who, having preached out his hour-glass, was accustomed to pause, and addressing the precentor, "_Another glass and then_," recommenced his sermon.

A pictorial representation of the hour-glass in a country church is to be seen in front of the precentor's desk, or pulpit, in a very scarce humorsome print, entitled "Presbyterian Penance," by the famous David Allan. It also figures in the engraving of the painting by Wilkie, of John Knox preaching before Mary Queen of Scots. About twenty years ago it was either in the Cathedral of Stirling or the Armory of the Castle (the ancient chapel), that I saw the hour-glass (about twelve inches high) which had been connected with one or other of the pulpits, from both of which John Knox is said to have preached. It is likely the hour-glass is there "even unto this day" (unless abstracted by some relic hunter); and if it could be depended on as an original appendage to the pulpits, would prove that its use was coeval with the times of the Scottish Reformation. I think its high antiquity as certain as the oaken pulpits themselves.

At an early period the general poverty of the country, and the scarcity of clocks and watches, must have given rise to the adoption of the hour sand-glass, a simple instrument, but yet elegant and impressive, for the measurement of a brief portion of our fleeting span.

G. N.

Glasgow.

On the 31st May, 1640, the churchwardens of great Staughton, co. Huntingdonshire, "are, and stand charged with (among other church goods), a pulpit standinge in the church, having a cover over the same, and an houre-glasse adjoininge."

Copy of a cutting from a magazine, name and date unknown:

"Among Dr. Rawlinson's manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, No. 941
contains collection of _Miscellaneous Discourses_, by Mr. Lewis of
Margate, in Kent, whence the following extract has been made:

"'It appears that these hour-glasses were coeval with our Reformation.
In a fine frontispiece, prefixed to the Holy Bible of the bishops'
translation, printed in 4to. by John Day, 1569, Archbishop Parker is
represented in the pulpit with an hour-glass standing on his right
hand; ours, here, stood on the left without any frame. It was proper
that some time should be prescribed for the length of the sermon, and
clocks and watches were not then so common as they are now. This time
of an hour continued till the Revolution, as appears by Bishop
Sanderson's, Tillotson's, Stillingfleet's, Dr. Barrow's, and others'
sermons, printed during that time.'

"The writer of this article was informed in 1811 by the Rev. Mr.
Burder, who had the curacy of St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street, that the
large silver hour-glass formerly used in that church, was melted down
into two staff heads for the parish beadles.

"An hour-glass frame of iron, fixed in the wall by the side of the
pulpit, was remaining in 1797 in the church of North Moor, in
Oxfordshire."

JOSEPH RIX.

St. Neots, Huntingdonshire.

In many of our old pulpits built during the seventeenth century, when hour sermons were the rule, and thirty minutes the exception, the shelf on which the glass used to stand may still be seen. If I recollect rightly, that of Miles Coverdale was thus furnished, as stated in the newspapers, at the time the church of Bartholomew was removed. Perhaps this emblem was adopted on gravestones as significant of the character of Death as a minister or preacher.

The late Basil Montague, when delivering a course of lectures on "Laughter" at the Islington Institution some few years since, kept time by the aid of this antique instrument. If I remember aright, he turned the glass and said, "_Another glass and then_," or some equivalent expression.

E. G. BALLARD.

There is an example at the church of St. Alban, Wood Street, Cheapside. This church was rebuilt by Sir C. Wren, and finished 1685; showing that the hour-glass was in use subsequent to the times alluded to.

J. D. ALLCROFT.

I saw on 13th January last, an iron hour-glass stand affixed to a pillar in the north aisle of Belton Church, in the Isle of Axholme.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

* * * * *

LADIES' ARMS BORNE IN A LOZENGE.

(Vol. vii., p. 571.)

The subject of the Query put by your correspondent is one that has frequently occurred to me, but which is involved in obscurity. Heraldic writers generally have contented themselves with the mere statement of ladies' arms being thus borne; and where we do find an opinion hazarded, it is more in the form of a quotation from a nameless author, or of a timid suggestion, than an attempt to elucidate the question by argument or from history.

By some this form of shield is said to have descended to us from the Amazons, who bore such: others say, from the form of their tombstones! Now we find it to represent the ancient spindle so much used by ladies; and again to be a shield found by the Romans unfit for use, and therefore transferred to the weaker sex, who were "allowed to place their ensigns upon it, with one corner always uppermost." {84}

Here are quotations from a few of our writers on the science of Heraldry:--

BURKE, _Encyclop. Herald._ 1844. Queen Victoria bears her arms on a full and complete shield; "for," says the old rhyme--

"Our sagest men of lore define
The kingly state as masculine,
Paiseant, martial bold and strong,
The stay of right, the scourge of wrong;
Hence those that England's sceptre wield,
Must buckle on broad sword and shield,
And o'er the land, and o'er the sea,
Maintain her sway triumphantly."

This, unfortunately, is only one side of the question: and, though satisfactorily accounting for the shape of the shield of royalty, does not enlighten us on the "origin and meaning" of the lozenge.

BARRINGTON, _Display of Heraldry_, 1844:--

"An unmarried daughter bears her father's arms on a lozenge-shaped
shield, without any addition or alteration."

BERRY, _Encycl. Herald._ 1830:--

"The arms of maidens and widows should be borne in shields of this
shape."

ROBSON, _British Herald_, 1830:--

"Lozenge, a four-cornered figure, differing from the fusil, being
shorter and broader. Plutarch says that in Megara [read Megura], an
ancient town of Greece, _the tombstones under which the bodies of
Amazons lay_ were of that form: some conjecture this to be the cause
why ladies have their arms on lozenges."

PORNY, _Elements of Heraldry_, 1795, supposes--

"The lozenge may have been originally a _fusil_, or _fusee_, as the
French call it: it is a figure longer than the lozenge, and _signifies
a spindle_, which is a woman's instrument."

This writer also quotes _Sylvester de Petra Sancta_, who would have this shield to "_represent a cushion_, whereon women used to sit and spin, or do other housewifery."

BRYDSON, _Summary View of Heraldry_, 1795:--

"The shields on which armorial bearings are represented are of various
forms, as round, oval, or somewhat resembling a heart; which last is
the most common form. Excepting sovereigns, women unmarried, or widows,
bear their arms on a lozenge shield, which is of a square form, so
placed as to have one of its angles upwards, _and is supposed to
resemble a distoff_."

BOYES, _Great Theatre of Honour_, 1754. In this great work the various forms of shields, and the etymology of their names, are treated on at considerable length. The Greeks had five:--the _Aspis_, the _Gerron_ or _Gerra_, the _Thurios_, the _Laiveon_, and the _Pelte_ or _Pelta_. The Romans had the _Ancile_, the _Scutum_, the _Clypeus_, the _Parma_, the _Cetra_, and others; but none of these approached the shape of the lozenge. The shields of modern nations are also dealt with at length; still the author appears to have had no information nor an opinion upon the lozenge, which he dismisses with these remarks:--

"L'ecu des filles est _en lozenge_, de meme de celui des veuves; et en
France et ailleurs, celles-ci l'ornent et l'entourent d'une cordeliere
ou cordon a divers neuds. Quant aux femmes mariees, elles accollent
d'ordinaire leurs armes avec celles de leurs epoux; mais quelquefois
elles les portent aussi _en lozenge_."

COATES, _Dictionary of Heraldry_, 1725, quotes Colombiere, a French herald, who, he says, gives upwards of thirty examples of differently formed shields; but no allusion is made to the lozenge.

CARTER, _Honor Redivivus_, 1660.

DUGDALE, _Ancient Usage in bearing Arms_, 1682.

GWILLIM, _Display of Heraldry_, 1638.

CAMDEN, _Remains_, 1637.

GERARD LEGH, _Accedence of Armorie_, 1576.

None of these authors have touched on the subject; which, considering that at the least two of them are the greatest authorities, appears somewhat strange.

FERNE, _Blazon of Gentrie_, 1586--

"Thinks the lozenge is formed of the shield called _Tessera_ or
_Tessela_, which the Romans, finding unfit for use, did allow to women
to place their ensigns upon, with one of its angles always upmost."

Though unable at this moment to furnish examples in proof of my opinion, I must say that it is contrary to the one expressed by your correspondent CEYREP, that "formerly all ladies of rank" bore their arms upon a complete shield, or bore shields upon their seals. The two instances cited by him are rather unfortunate, the connexion of both ladies with royalty being sufficiently close to suggest the possibility of their right to the "full and complete" shield.

Margaret, Duchess (not Countess) of Norfolk, was sole heir of her father, Thomas of Brotherton, fifth Earl of Norfolk, son of King Edward I., and Marshal of England. She, "for the greatness of her birth, her large revenues and wealth," was created Duchess of Norfolk for life; and at the coronation of King Richard II. she exhibited her petition "to be accepted to the office of High Marshal," which was, I believe, granted. In such case, setting aside her royal descent, I apprehend that, by virtue of her office, she would not bear her arms in a lozenge. She bore the arms of England with only a label for difference.

Margaret, Countess of Richmond, was herself royally descended, being great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, son of Edward III.; was daughter-in-law of Henry V.'s widow, and mother of Henry VII. Being descended from the antenuptial children of John of Gaunt's third wife, who had been legitimatised by act of parliament for all purposes except succession to the crown, {85} Henry VII. would probably desire by every means in his power to suppress anything suggestive of his unsubstantial title to the crown. It might be by his particular desire that his mother assumed the full regal shield, on which to emblazon arms differing but slightly from those of her son, the king.

It is not, however, my opinion that the form of shield under consideration is anything like so ancient as some of the authors would make it. I do not believe it comes to us either from the Amazons or the Romans.

My own opinion, in the absence of any from the great writers to guide me, is, that we owe the use of this form of shield amongst ladies to _hatchments_ or _funeral achievements_. During the time of mourning for persons of rank, their coats of arms are set up in churches and over the principal entrances of their houses. On these occasions it is well known their arms are always placed in a large black lozenge; a form adopted as the most proper figure for admitting the coats of arms of sixteen ancestors to be placed round it, four on each of the sides of the square.

It was not until the reign of Richard III. that the College of Arms was regularly incorporated; and though the science of heraldry received its highest polish during the splendid reigns of Edward III. and Henry V., it had yet scarcely been subjected to those rules which since the establishment of the College have controlled it. Mark Noble, in his _History of the College of Arms_, says that the latter reign--

"If it did not add to the wealth of the nation at large, gave rise to a
number of great families, enriched by the spoils of Azincourt, the
plunder of France, and the ransom of princes. The heraldic body was
peculiarly prized and protected by the king, who, however, was very
whimsical in the adoption of cognizances and devices."

During the greater portion of the fourteenth century, and the early part of the fifteenth, there was a rage for jousts, tilts, and tournaments; and almost every English nobleman had his officers of arms; dukes, marquesses, and earls were allowed a herald and pursuivant; the lower nobility, and even knights, might retain one of the latter. To these officers belonged the ordering of everything relating to the solemn and magnificent funerals, which were so general in these centuries, and which they presided over and marshalled.

During the reign of Edward IV. the exact form of these obsequies was prescribed. Not only were the noblemen's own heralds there, but the king's also; and not in tabards bearing the sovereign's, but the deceased's arms.

So preposterously fond of funeral rites were monarchs and their subjects, that the obsequies of princes were observed by such sovereigns as were in alliance with them, and in the same state as if the royal remains had been conveyed from one Christian kingdom to another. Individuals had their obsequies kept in various places where they had particular connexions.[3]

Is it too much then to presume that in the midst of all this pomp and affectation of grief, the hatchment of the deceased nobleman would be displayed as much, and continued as long, as possible by the widow? May we not reasonably believe that these ladies would vie with each other in these displays of the insignia of mourning, until, by usage, the lozenge-shaped hatchment became the shield appropriated to the sex?

These hypotheses are not without some foundation; but if any of your correspondents will enunciate another theory, I shall be glad to give it my support if it is found to be more reasonable than the foregoing.

BROCTUNA.

Bury, Lancashire.

[Footnote 3: Noble.]

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

_Multiplication of Photographs._--In Vol. viii., p. 60. is a letter from MR. JOHN STEWART of Pau suggesting certain modes of operating in producing positive photographs, and which suggestions are apparently offered as _novelties_, when, in fact, they have been for some considerable time in practice by other manipulators. Of course, I do not suppose that they are otherwise regarded by MR. STEWART than as novelties, who cannot be acquainted with what is doing here; but it appears to me desirable to discriminate between facts that are _absolutely_, and those that are _relatively_ new.

Most of the transparent stereoscopic photographs sold in such numbers by all our eminent opticians, _are actually produced_ in the way recommended by MR. STEWART; and reduced copies of photographs, &c., have been produced in almost every possible variety by DR. DIAMOND, and many others of our most eminent photographers. Very early in the history of this science, the idea was suggested by Mr. Fox Talbot himself, of taking views of a small size, and enlarging them for multiplication; and, if I am rightly informed, Mr. Ross was applied to to construct a lens specially for the purpose. Some months back, as early at least as March or April in the present year, Mr. F. H. Wenham actually printed on common chloride paper a _life-size_ positive from a small negative on collodion; and immediately afterwards adopted the use of iodized paper for the same purpose; and after he had exhibited the proofs, I myself repeated the experiment. In fact, had there been time at the last meeting of the Photographic Society, a paper on this very subject would have been read by Mr. Wenham; but the {86} business before the meeting was too extensive to admit of it. My object is not, of course, to offer any objection to the proposition, but simply to put in a claim of merit for the idea originally due to Mr. Fox Talbot, and secondarily to Mr. Wenham, who I believe was an earlier operator in this way than any one.

GEO. SHADBOLT.

_Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals._--As light transmitted through a yellow curtain, or yellow glass, does not affect photographic operations, would it not be desirable to keep the nitrate of silver and its solutions in yellow glass bottles, instead of covering the plain white glass with black paper, as I see directed in some cases?

CERIDWEN.

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Donnybrook Fair_ (Vol. vii., p. 549.).--ABHBA will find his answer in D'Alton's _History of the County of Dublin_, p. 804.:

"About the year 1174, Earl 'Strongbow' gave Donnybrock (Devonalbroc),
amongst other lands, to Walter de Riddlesford; and in 1204, King John
granted to the corporation of Dublin license for an _annual eight-day
fair here_, commencing on the day of the finding of the Holy Cross (May
3rd), with similar stallages and tolls, as established in Waterford and
Limerick."

This scene of an Irishman's glory has been daguerreotyped in lines that may be left in your pages, as being probably quite as little known to your readers as is the work above cited:

"Instead of weapons, either band
Seized on such arms as came to hand.
And as famed Ovid paints th' adventures
Of wrangling Lapithae and Centaurs,
Who at their feast, by Bacchus led,
Threw bottles at each others' head;
And these arms failing in their scuffles,
Attack'd with andirons, tonges, and shovels:
So clubs and billets, staves and stones,
Met fierce, encountering every sconce,
And cover'd o'er with knobs and pains,
Each void receptacle for brains."

J. D.

_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., p. 424.; Vol. v., pp. 38. 94. 450., Vol. viii., p. 42.).--Not having my "N. & Q." at hand, I cannot say what may have been already told on this subject, but I think I can answer the Queries of your last correspondent, H. T. RYLEY. There can be, I think, no doubt that the familiar use of the name Abigail, for the _genus_ "lady's maid," is derived from one whom I may call _Abigail the Great_; who, before she ascended King David's bed and throne, introduced herself under the oft-reiterated description of a "hand-maid." (See 1 Sam. xxv. 24, 25, 27, 28, 31.) I have no _Concordance_ at hand, but I suspect there is no passage in Scripture where the word _hand-maid_ is more prominent; and so the idea became associated with the name _Abigail_. An _Abigail_ for a hand-maid is therefore merely analogous to a _Goliath_ for a giant; a _Job_ for a patient man; a _Samson_ for a strong one; a _Jezebel_ for a shrew, &c. I need hardly add, that H. T. RYLEY'S conjecture, that this use of the term _Abigail_ had any relation to the Lady Masham, is, therefore, quite supererogative--but I may go farther. The old Duchess of Marlborough's _Apology_, which _first_ told the world that Lady Masham's Christian name was Abigail, and that she was a poor cousin of her own, was not published till 1742, when all feeling about "Abigail Hill and her brother Jack" was extinct. In fine, it will be found that the use of the term _Abigail_ for a lady's maid was much more frequent _before_ the change of Queen Anne's Whig ministry than _after_.

C.

_Honorary Degrees_ (Vol. viii, p. 8.).--Honorary degrees give no corporate rights. Johnson never himself assumed the title of Doctor; conferred on him first by the University of Dublin in 1765, and afterwards in 1775 by that of Oxford. See Croker's _Boswell_, p. 168. n. 5., for the probable motives of Johnson's never having called himself Doctor.

C.

_Red Hair_ (Vol. vii., p. 616.).--The Danes are said to have been (and to be even now) a red-haired race.

They were long the scourge of England, and to this possibly may be attributed in some degree the prejudice against people having hair of that colour.

In Denmark, it is said, red-hair is esteemed a beauty.

That red-haired people are fiery and passionate is undoubtedly true; at least I vouch for it as far as my experience goes; but that they emit a disagreeable odour when inattentive to personal cleanliness, is probably a vulgar prejudice arising from the colour of their hair, resembling that of the fox--_unde_ the term "foxy."

A. C. M.

Exeter.

_Historical Engraving_ (Vol. vii., p. 619).--I am glad I happen to be able to inform E. S. TAYLOR that his engraving, about the restoration of Charles II., is to be found in a book entitled--

"Verhael in forme van Journal, van de Reys ende 't Vertoeven van den
seer Doorluchtige ende Machtige Prins Carel de II." &c. "In 's
Graven-hage, by Adrian Vlack, M.DC.LX." &c.

Folio. The names at the corner of the engraving are apparently "F. T. vliet, jn. P. Phillipe, sculp."

J. M. G.

_Proverbs quoted by Suetonius_ (Vol. vii., p. 594).--A full explanation of the proverb [Greek: speude bradeos] {87} will be found in the _Adagia_ of Erasmus, under the head "Festina lente," p. 588., edit. 1599. That it was a favourite proverb of the Emperor Augustus is also stated by Gellius, _Noct. Att._ x. 11., and Macrob., Saturn. vi. 8. The verse,--

"[Greek: asphales gar est' ameinon e thrasus stratelates],"

is from the _Phoenissae_ of Euripides, v. 599.

L.

"_Sat cito, si sat bene_" (Vol. v., p. 594; Vol. viii., p. 18.).--Your correspondent C. thinks that F. W. J. is mistaken in calling it a favourite maxim of Lord Eldon. Few persons are more apt to make mistakes than F. W. J. He therefore sends the following extract from Twiss's _Life of Lord C. Eldon_, vol. i. p. 49. They are Lord Eldon's own words, after having narrated the anecdote to which C. refers:

"In short, in all that I have had to do in future life, professional
and judicial, I have always felt the effect of this early admonition on
the pannels of the vehicle which conveyed me from school, 'Sat cito, si
sat bene.' It was the impression of this which made me that
deliberative judge--as some have said, too deliberative; and reflection
on all that is past will not authorise me to deny, that whilst I have
been thinking 'Sat cito, si sat bene,' I may not sufficiently have
recollected whether 'Sat bene, si sat cito' has had its influence."

The anecdote, and this observation upon it, are taken by Twiss from a book of anecdotes in Lord Eldon's own handwriting.

F. W. J.

_Council of Laodicea, Canon 35._ (Vol. viii., p. 7.).--CLERICUS (D.) will find _Angelos_ in the text, without _Angulos_ in the margin, in any volume which contains the version by Dionysius Exiguus, or that by Gentianus Hervetus; the former printed Mogunt. 1525; Paris, 1609, 1661, and 1687: the latter, Paris, 1561 and 1618; and sufficiently supplied by Beverege and Howell. Both translations are given by Crabbe, Surius, Binius, and others.

The corrupt reading _Angulos_, derived from Isidorus Mercator, appears in the text, and without a marginal correction, in James Merlin's edition of the _Councils_, Colon. 1530; in Carranza's _Summa_, Salmant. 1551, Lugd. 1601, Lovan. 1668 (in which last impression, the twelfth, the true heading of the Canon, according to Dionysius and Crisconius, viz. "De his qui _Angelos_ colunt," is restored); and in the _Sanctiones Ecclesiasticae_ of Joverius, Paris, 1555.

For _Angelos_ in the text, with a courageous "forte legendum" _Angulos_ in the margin, in Pope Adrian's _Epitome Canonum_, we are deeply indebted to Canisius (_Thesaur. Monum._, ii. 271. ed. Basnage); and this is the method adopted by Longus a Coriolano and Bail.

R. G.

_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--I have heard my mother speak of Anna Lightfoot: her family belonged to the religious community called Friends or Quakers. My mother was born 1751, and died in the year 1836. The aunt of Anna Eleanor Lightfoot was next-door-neighbour to my grandfather, who lived in Sir Wm. Warren's Square, Wapping. The family were from Yorkshire, and the father of Anna was a shoemaker, and kept a shop near Execution Dock, in the same district. He had a brother who was a linendraper, living in the neighbourhood of St. James's, at the west end of the town; and Anna was frequently his visitor, and here it was that she became acquainted with the great man of the day. She was missing, and advertised for by her friends; and, after some time had elapsed, they obtained some information as to her retreat, stating that she was well provided for; and her condition became known to them. She had a son who was a corn-merchant, but, from some circumstance, became deranged in his intellects, and it is said committed suicide. But whether she had a daughter, I never heard. A retreat was provided for Anna in one of those large houses surrounded with a high wall and garden, in the district of Cat-and-Mutton Fields, on the east side of Hackney Road, leading from Mile End Road; where she lived, and it is said died, but in what year I cannot say. All this I have heard my mother tell when I was a young lad; furthermore your deponent knoweth not.

J. M. C.

_Jack and Gill_ (Vol. vii., p. 572.).--A somewhat earlier instance of the occurrence of the expression "Jack and Gill" is to be found (with a slight difference) in John Heywood's _Dialogue of Wit and Folly_, page 11. of the Percy Society's reprint:

"No more hathe he in mynde, ether payne or care,
Than hathe other Cock my hors, or Gyll my mare!"

This is probably not more than twenty years earlier than your correspondent's quotation from Tusser.

H. C. K.

_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi. _passim_; Vol. vii., p. 508.).--Southey, in his _Omniana_ (vol. i. p. 210.), cites a passage from the _Partidas_, in which the magnetic needle is used in illustration. It is as follows:

"E bien assi como los marineros se guian en la noche escura por el
aguja, que les es medianera entre la piedra e la estrella, e les
muestra por de vayan, tambien en los malos tiempos, como en los buenos;
otrosi los que han de consejar al Rey, se deven siempre guiar por la
justicia; que es medianera entre Dios e el mundo, en todo tiempo, para
dar guardalon a los buenos, e pena a los malos, a cada uno segund su
merescimiento."--2 _Partida_, tit. ix. ley 28.

This passage is especially worthy of attention, as having been written half a century before the supposed invention of the mariner's compass by Flavius Gioias at Amalfi; and, as Southey {88} remarks, "it must have been well known and in general use before it would thus be referred to as a familiar illustration."

I do not think that any of your correspondents have quoted the halting lines with which Byron mars the pathos of the Rousseau-like letter of Donna Julia (_Don Juan_, canto I. stanza cxcvi.):

"My heart is feminine, nor can forget--
To all, except one image, madly blind;
So shakes the needle, and so stands the pole,
As vibrates my fond heart to my fix'd soul."

WILLIAM BATES.

Birmingham.

_Gibbon's Library_ (Vol. vii., pp. 407. 455. 535.).--The following quotation from Cyrus Redding's "Recollections of the Author of Vathek" (_New Monthly Magazine_, vol. lxxi. p. 308.) may interest J. H. M. and your other correspondents under this head:

"'I bought it (says Beckford) to have something to read when I passed
through Lausanne. I have not been there since. I shut myself up for six
weeks, from early in the morning until night, only now and then taking
a ride. The people thought me mad. I read myself nearly blind.'

"I inquired if the books were rare or curious. He replied in the
negative. There were excellent editions of the principal historical
writers, and an extensive collection of travels. The most valuable work
was an edition of _Eustathius_; there was also a MS. or two. All the
books were in excellent condition; in number, considerably above six
thousand, near seven perhaps. He should have read himself mad if there
had been novelty enough, and he had stayed much longer.

"'I broke away, and dashed among the mountains. There is excellent
reading there, too, equally to my taste. Did you ever travel alone
among mountains?'

"I replied that I had, and been fully sensible of their mighty
impressions. 'Do you retain Gibbon's library?'

"'It is now dispersed, I believe. I made it a present to my excellent
physician, Dr. Schall or Scholl (I am not certain of the name). I never
saw it after turning hermit there.'"

WILLIAM BATES.

Birmingham.

_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca_ (Vol. vii., pp. 500. 583.).--The affirmation so frequently made and alluded to by J. M. S. of Hull, that Seneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity, is an old tradition, which has just been revived by a French author, M. Amedee Fleury, and is discussed and attempted to be established by him at great length in two octavo volumes. I have not read the book, but a learned reviewer of it, M. S. De Sacy, shows, with the greatest appearance of reason and authority, that the tradition, instead of being strengthened, is weakened by all that M. Fleury has said about it. M. De Sacy's review is contained in the _Journal des Debats_ of June 30, in which excellent paper he is a frequent and delightful writer on literary subjects. In the hope that it may interest and gratify J. M. S. to be informed of M. Fleury's new work, I send this scrap of information to the "N. & Q."

JOHN MACRAY.

Oxford.

_"Hip, Hip, Hurrah!"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633).--The reply suggested by your correspondent R. S. F., that the above exclamation originated in the Crusades, and is a corruption of the initial letters of "Hierosolyma est perdita," never appeared to me to be very apposite.

In _A Collection of National English Ballads_, edited and published by W. Chapple, 1838, in a description of the song "Old Simon, the King," the favourite of Squire Western in _Tom Jones_, the following lines are quoted:

"'Hang up all the poor hep drinkers,'
Cries old Sim, the king of skinkers."[4]

A note to the above states, in reference to the word "hep," that it was a term of derision, applied to those who drank a weak infusion of the "hep" (hip) berry, or sloe. "Hence," says the writer, "the exclamation of 'Hip, hip, hurrah,' corrupted from 'Hip, hip, away.'" The couplet quoted above was written up in the Apollo Room at the Devil Tavern, Temple Bar, where Ben Jonson's club, the "Apollo Club," used to meet. Many a drinker of modern Port has equally good reason to exclaim with his brethren of old, "Hip, hip, away!"

J. BRENT.

[Footnote 4: A _skinker_ is one who serves drink.]

_Emblemata_ (Vol. vii., p. 614.).--I have a small edition of the _Emblemata Horatiana_, with the following title-page:

"Othonis VaenI Emblemata Horatiana Imaginibus in _aes_ incisis atque
Latino, Germanico, Gallico et Belgico carmine Illustrata: Amstelaedami,
apud Henricum Wetstenium, M. DC. LXXXIV."

The engravings, of which there are 103, measure about four inches by three; the book contains 207 pages, exclusive of the index. "Amicitiae Trutina," mentioned by MR. WELD TAYLOR, is the sixty-sixth plate on page 133.

There is another volume of Emblems by Otho Venius, of which I have a copy:

"Amorum Emblemata Figuris Aeneis Incisa, studio Othonis VaenI: Batavo
Lugdunensis Antverpiaee Venalia apud Auctorem prostant apud Hieronymum
Verdussen, MDCIIX."

The engravings, of which (besides an allegorical frontispiece representing the power of Venus) there are 124, are oval, measuring five inches in length by three and a half inches in height. The designs appear to me to be very good. On the {89} first plate is the name of the engraver, "C. Boel fecit." Each engraving has a motto, with verses in Latin, Italian, and French. Recommendatory verses, by Hugo Grotius, Daniel Heinsius, Max. Vrientius, Ph. Rubentius, and Petro Benedetti, are prefixed. It appears from Rose's _Biographical Dictionary_ (article "Van Veen"), that Venius published another illustrated work, _The Seven Twin Sons of Lara_. Is this work known?

Horace Walpole did not appreciate Venius. He says:

"The perplexed and silly emblems of Venius are well known."--_Anecdotes
of Painting_, vol. ii. p. 167.

The Emblems of Gabriele Rollenhagius (of which I have also a copy) consist of two centuries. The engravings are circular, with a motto round each, and Latin verses at foot. My edition was published at Utrecht, MDCXIII.

I write rather in the hope of eliciting information, than of attempting to give any, on a subject which appears to me to deserve farther inquiry.

Q. D.

_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. vii., pp. 262. 440.).--Will your contributors J. D. S. and J. L. oblige me with references to the works in which these privileges are mentioned?

They will find them noticed also at pages 67. and 68. of the second volume of L. Guicciardini's _Belgium_ (ed. 1646): "_Jus Gruis liberae._" This is mentioned as one of the privileges of Campvere. Can any of your legal friends tell me what this is, and where I may find it treated of?

E.

_Slang Expressions: "Just the Cheese"_ (Vol. vii., p. 617.).--This phrase is only some ten or twelve years old. Its origin was this:--Some desperate witty fellows, by way of giving a comic turn to the phrase "C'est une autre chose," used to translate it, "That is another cheese;" and after awhile these words became "household words," and when anything positive or specific was intended to be pointed out, "That's the cheese" became adopted, which is nearly synonymous with "Just the cheese."

ASTOLPHO.

_The Honorable Miss E. St. Leger_ (Vol. vii., p. 598.).--Perhaps your correspondent MR. BREEN may like to be informed that the late General the Honorable Arthur St. Leger related to me the account of his relative having been made a master mason, and that she had secreted herself in an old clock-case in Doneraile House, on purpose to learn the secrets of the lodge, but was discovered from having coughed. The Rev. Richard Arthur St. Leger, of Starcross, Devon, has an engraving of the lady, who is represented arrayed in all the costume of a master mason, with the apron, ring, and jewel of the order.

W. COLLYNS.

Harbow.

_Queries from the Navorscher_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.)--"The Choice of Hercules," in the _Tatler_, was written by Addison; Swift did not contribute more than one article to that publication, a treatise on "Improprieties of Language." The allegory of "Religion being the Foundation of Contentment" in the _Adventurer_, was the work of Hawkesworth, to whose pen most of those papers are attributable.

"_Amentium haud amantium._"--The alliteration of this passage in the _Andria_ of Terence is somewhat difficult to preserve in English; perhaps to render it

"An act of _frenzy_ rather than _friendship_,"

would keep up the pun, though a weak translation, bringing to mind the words of the song:

"O call it by some other name,
For _friendship_ is too cold."

In French the expression might be turned "follement plutot que folatrement," although this is a fault on the other side, and a stronger word than the original.

T. O. M.

"_Pity is akin to love_" (Vol. i., p. 248.).--Though a long time has elapsed since the birthplace of these words was queried, no answer has, I think, appeared in your columns. Will you then allow me to refer H. to Southern's _Oroonoko_, Act II. Sc. 1.?

"_Blandford._ Alas! I pity you.

_Oroonoko._ Do pity me;
_Pity's akin to love_, and every thought
Of that soft kind is welcome to my soul.
I would be pity'd here."

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Our library table is covered at this time with books for all classes of readers. The theological student will peruse with no ordinary interest the learned _Dissertation on the Origin and Connexion of the Gospels, with a Synopsis of the Parallel Passages in the Original and Authorised Version, and Critical Notes_, by James Smith, Esq., of Jordan Hill: and when he has mastered the arguments contained in it, he may turn to the new number of _The Journal of Sacred Literature_, in which will be found a great variety of able papers. Our antiquarian friends will be gratified with a volume compiled in a great measure from original family papers, by its author Mr. Bankes, the Member for Dorsetshire; and which narrates _The Story of Corfe Castle, and of many who have lived there, collected from Ancient Chronicles and Records; also from the Private Memoirs of a Family resident there in the Time of the Civil Wars_. The volume, which is with good feeling inscribed by the author to his friends and neighbours, Members of the Society for Mutual Improvement in the borough of Corfe Castle, contains many interesting {90} notices of his ancestors, the well-known judge, Sir John Bankes and his lady--so memorable for her gallant defence of Corfe Castle--drawn from the family papers. _The Royal Descent of Nelson and Wellington from Edward I., King of England, with Tables of Pedigree and Genealogical Memoirs_, compiled by G. R. French, is a handsomely printed volume, which will please the genealogist; while the historical student will be more interested in _The Flowers of History, especially such as relate to the Affairs of Britain from the Beginning of the World to the Year 1307, collected by Matthew of Westminster, translated by C. D. Yonge_, Vol. I., a new volume of Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_, and an important addition to his series of translations of our early national chronicles. The classical student is indebted to the same publisher for the second volume of Mr. Owen's _Translation of the Organon, or Logical Treatises of Aristotle_: nor will he regard as the least important addition to his library, the new Part (No. VII.) of Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography_, which extends from _Cyrrhus_ to _Etruria_, and is distinguished by the same excellences as the preceding Parts. We must conclude these Notes with a brief reference to a handsome reprint of the great work of De Quincy, the appearance of which in the _London Magazine_ some thirty years since created so great a sensation, we mean of course his _Confessions of an English Opium-eater_.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

LITERARY GAZETTE, 1834 to 1845.

ATHENAEUM, Commencement to 1835.

A NARRATIVE OF THE HOLY LIFE AND HAPPY DEATH OF MR. JOHN ANGIER. London 1685.

MOORE'S MELODIES. 15th Edition.

WOOD'S ATHENAE OXONIENSES (ed. Bliss). 4 vols. 4to. 1813-20.

THE COMPLAYNTS OF SCOTLAND. 8vo. Edited by Leyden. 1804.

SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. Vol. V. of Johnson and Steevens's edition, in 15 vols. 8vo. 1739.

*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send their names._

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

CECIL HARBOTTLE _in our next._

W. MERRY _and_ M. E. C. _Our Correspondents are right. The oversight in question is certainly open to their censure._

_Answers to other Correspondents next week._

_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._

"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country booksellers may receive Copies in that nights parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday._

* * * * *

Now ready, Price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by Special Permission to

THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the Services. Responses to the Commandments and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music Warehouses.

"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our
Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._

"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
country."--_Literary Gazette._

"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears"--_Musical
World._

"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting
of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
appeared."--_John Bull._

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.