Chapter C: Mansfield Ingleby

Birmingham.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Injustice, its Origin._--In looking through a file of papers a few days since, I met with the following as being the origin of this term, and would ask if it is correct?

"When Nushervan the Just was out on a hunting excursion, his
companions, on his becoming fatigued, recommended him to rest, while
they should prepare him some food. There being no salt, a slave was
dispatched to the nearest village to bring some. But as he was going,
Nushervan said, 'Pay for the salt you take, in order that it may not
become a custom to rob, and the village ruined.' They said, 'What harm
will this little quantity do?' He replied, The _origin of injustice_ in
the world was at first small, but every one that came added to it,
until it reached its present magnitude.'"

W. W.

Malta.

_Two Brothers of the same Christian Name._--An instance of this occurs in the family of Croft of Croft Castle. William Croft, Esq., of Croft Castle, had issue Sir Richard Croft, Knight, his son and heir, the celebrated soldier in the wars of the Roses, and Richard Croft, Esq., second son, "who, by the description of Richard Croft the Younger, received a grant of lands" in 1461. (_Retrospective Review_, 2nd Series, vol. i. p. 472.)

TEWARS.

_Female Parish Clerk._--In the parish register of Totteridge appears the following:

"1802, March 2. Buried, Elizabeth King, widow, for forty-six years
clerk of this parish, in the ninety-first year of her age."--_Burn on
Parish Registers_, 110.

Is there any similar instance on record of a woman being a parish clerk?

Y. S. M.

* * * * *

{339}

Queries.

DESCENDANTS OF MILTON.

It is well known that the issue of the poet became extinct in 1754, unless they survived in the descendants of Caleb Clarke, the only son of Milton's third daughter, Deborah. Caleb Clarke went out to Madras, and was parish clerk at Fort St. George from 1717 to 1719. In addition to a daughter, who died in infancy, he had two sons, Abraham and Isaac; of neither of whom is anything known, except that the former married a person of the same surname as himself; and had a daughter Mary, baptised in 1727. Sir James Mackintosh made some ineffectual attempts to trace them, and came to the conclusion that they had migrated to some other part of India.

I am perhaps catching at a straw: but it is possible there may be something more than a coincidence in the name of _Milton Clark_, who is spoken of in the fourth chapter of the _Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin_ as brother to Lewis Clark, the original of the character of George Harris. Perhaps some of your transatlantic friends can inform us:

1st. Whether there is, or has been, in use any system of assigning names to slaves, which would account for their bearing the Christian and surname of their owners or other free men, and thus lead to the inference that there has been some free man of the name of Milton Clark.

2nd. Whether there is any family in America of the name of Clark, in which Milton, or even Abraham or Isaac, is known to have been adopted as a Christian name; and, if so, whether there is any tradition in the family of migration from India.

J. F. M.

* * * * *

AN ANXIOUS QUERY FROM THE HYMMALAYAS.

I was honoured, a few days ago, with a communication from India, which contains a Query that is out of my power to answer. But being very solicitous to do my best towards affording the desired information, I bethought myself of sending the letter, _in extenso_, for insertion in your very valuable and exceedingly useful miscellany. I venture to think that you will agree with me, that the interesting nature of the communication entitles it to a place in "N. & Q." As the letter speaks for itself, I shall say no more about it, but proceed to transcribe the greatest part of it at once.

"Landour Academy, May 26th, 1853.

"Rev. M. Margoliouth,

"Sir,--I do not know in what terms to apologise to you for this
communication, especially as it may entail trouble on you, which can
result in my advantage alone.

"I am a Jew, believing that Jesus is the Messiah; and I trust this will
induce you to assist me in my search after some of my relations whom I
believe to be in England.

"I wrote to Dr. Adler, Chief Rabbi of the Jews in England, some years
ago, but his information was limited to some distant connexions, the
Davises, Isaacs, and Lewises, who still professed Judaism. Subsequent
inquiries discovered two uncles of mine, Charles Lewes and Mordan
Lewes, in London, who informed me that my grandfather, Isaac Levi, was
for ten years a clergyman of the Church of England, and had
congregation at Lynn, in Norfolk, and that he had published a tract
against Judaism. Beyond this I can get no farther information: my
uncles are either too poor or unwilling to prosecute their inquiries
any farther. Could you ascertain for me whether my grandfather left any
family, and if any member is still alive? My object is to discover
their existence, and to renew a correspondence which has been
interrupted for more than forty years.

"I am the grandson of Isaac Levi, for many years dead, reader of a
congregation of Jews in London; my father, Benjamin Levi, is still
alive, and is with me. I keep a school at Landour, in the Hymmalayas,
in the north-western provinces of India. I have been led to write to
you after reading your _Pilgrimage to the Land of My Fathers_, and
seeing in it that you are the author of a work entitled _The Jews in
Great Britain_, which I have not seen, and concluding from this that if
any one can obtain information you can.

"I send this letter to Messrs. Smith and Elder, booksellers, of
Cornhill, London, with a request to send it to you through your
publisher, Mr. R. Bentley," &c. &c.

I do not feel justified in publishing the last two paragraphs in my correspondent's letter, and have therefore omitted them. I shall feel extremely obliged to any of the readers of "N. & Q." who could and would help me to answer the anxious Query from the Hymmalayas.

M. M.

Wybunbury, Nantwich.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

"_De la Schola de Sclavoni._"--On a large marble slab at North Stoneham, near Southampton, is the following, inscription:

Ano Dni MCCCCLXXXI Sepvltvra de la Schola de Sclavoni."

Is this the burial-place of the family of one of the foreign merchants settled in this country, and can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." give any information about it?

JOHN S. BURN.

_Mineral Acids._--As it is generally supposed that these powerful solvents were not known anterior to circiter A.D. 1100, I should be glad to learn what opinion is entertained by the learned concerning {340} the death of the prophet Haken al Mokannah. This person is said to have disappeared in 785, or 163 of the Hejrah, by casting himself into a barrel of corrosive fluids, which dissolved his body. Is it not the best supposition, that this story was supposed by Khondemir and others, in more advanced ages of science, to account for the fact of his having disappeared, and of his real fate having never been ascertained? I have never seen this apparent anticipation of chemical discoveries animadverted on.

A. N.

_Richard Geering._--Wanted, arms, pedigree, and particulars of the family of Richard Geering, one of the six clerks in Chancery in Ireland from March 1700 to April 1735. One of his daughters, Prudence, married, in 1722, Charles Coote, Esq., M.P., and by him was mother of the last Earl of Bellamont. Another daughter, Susannah, was wife of Mr. Charles Wilson; who was, it is believed, a connexion of the family of Ward of Newport, in Shropshire. Any information about Mr. Wilson's ancestry would be very acceptable.

Y. S. M.

_Stipendiary Curates._--What is the earliest mention of stipendiary curates in our ecclesiastical establishment? And what other national churches have priests placed in a corresponding position?

BEROSUS.

_Our Lady of Rounceval._--Can you or any of your correspondents furnish me with particulars of our Lady of Rounceval?

A. J. DUNKIN.

_Roden's Colt._--A lady of a certain age is said in common parlance to be "Forty, save one, the age of Roden's colt." What can Nimrod tell us touching this proverbialised animal?

R. C. WARDE.

Kidderminster.

_Sir Christopher Wren and the Young Carver._--A reader has a floating notion in his head of having once read in the _Literary Gazette_ a strange story of a country boy going to town to seek employment as a carver or sculptor; of his being accosted by Sir Christopher Wren, and offering to carve for him a sow and pigs, &c. Can any correspondent have pity on him, and tell him where to find the tale?

A. H.

_Vellum Cleaning._--Are there not preparations in use for cleaning the backs of old vellum-bound books without destroying the polish? How made, or where procurable?

J. F. M.

_Dionysia in Boeotia._--Can any of your readers refer me to a passage in any ancient author in which this supposed town is mentioned?

Dumersan refers to Diodorus Siculus as his authority for its existence, but my search in that author has been vain, and I am not alone in that respect.

AUGUSTUS LANGDON.

Bloomsbury.

_Poll Tax in 1641._--I find in Somers' _Tracts_, 2nd ed. vol. iv. p. 298.:

"The copy of an order agreed upon in the House of Commons upon Friday,
18th June, wherein every man is rated according to his estate, for the
king's use."

Is there on record the return made to this order; and where may it be consulted?

TEWARS.

_Thomas Chester, Bishop of Elphin, 1580._--This prelate, who was the second son of Sir William Chester, Kt., Lord Mayor of London in 1560, by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell in Northamptonshire, is said by Anthony a Wood (_Athenaae Oxon._, ed. Bliss, vol. ii. p. 826.) to have "given way to fate at Killiathar in that city, in the month of June in 1584." The calendars of the Will Office of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury do not contain his name; can any of your Irish contributors inform me whether his will was proved in Ireland? I should be glad to know, too, what will offices exist in Ireland, and from what period they date their commencement. He is said to have married ----, daughter of Sir James Clavering, Kt., of Axwell Park in Northumberland: does any pedigree of the Claverings supply this lady's Christian name? His eldest brother, William Chester, Esq., married his cousin-german Judith, daughter and co-heiress of Anthony Cave, Esq., of Chichley Hall, Bucks, and was ancestor to the extinct family of the baronets of that name and place. Bishop Chester died _s. p._

TEWARS.

_Rev. Urban Vigors._--Amongst the chaplains of King Charles I., was there one of the name of Vigors, the Rev. Urban Vigors of Taunton? Any particulars of him will be acceptable.

Y. S. M.

_Early English MSS._--What is the earliest document, of any historical import to this country, now existing in MS.?

T. HUGHES.

_Curing of Henry IV._--The best account of the curing of Hen. IV. from the leprosy: vide Lambard's _Dictionary_, p. 306.

A. J. DUNKIN.

_Standard of Weights and Measures._--I would gladly learn something of the system of weights and measures in other countries, and particularly whether in England and America there exists for this object any government inspection; and if so, how this is executed? A list of works on this subject would be most welcome. I am acquainted only with the works of Ravon, _Fabrication des Poids et Mesures_, Paris, 1843, and of Tarbe, _Poids, Mesures et Verification_, both found in the _Encyclopedie Roret_; and the _Vollstaendige Darstellung_ {341} _des Masz- and Gewicht-Systems in Grossherzogthum Hessen_, by F. W. Grimm, Darmstadt, 1840.--From the _Navorscher_.

[Phi]. [Phi].

_Parish Clerks' Company._--

"In making searches in registers of parishes within the bills of
mortality, a facility is afforded by the company of parish clerks; by
paying a fee of about two guineas, a circular is sent to all the parish
clerks, with the particulars of information required: the registers are
accordingly searched, and the result communicated to the clerk of the
company."

The above I give from Burn's _History of Parish Registers_, p. 217. note, published in 1829. Is this the case at present and if so, what is the direction of the clerk of the Company? I wish this system existed in Oxford.

Y. S. M.

_Orange Blossom._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me why the flowers of the orange blossom are so universally used in the dress of a bride? and from what date they have been so used?

AUGUSTA.

_Mr. Pepys his Queries._--I cannot say that I met with Pepys as Fielding did Shakspeare, in a _Journey from this World to the next_; but I met with seven of his Queries among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian, addressed to Sir William Dugdale, a name dear to all orthodox antiquaries. It would appear the Secretary to the Admiralty felt the want of a "medium of inter-communication" in his day. Here are his Queries:

1. Whether any foreigners are to be found in our list of English admirals?

2. The reason or account to be given of the place assigned to our admirals in the Act of Precedence?

3. Whether any of the considerable families of our nobility or gentry have been raised by the sea?

4. Some instances of the greatest ransoms heretofore set upon prisoners of greatest quality.

5. The descent and posterity of Sir Francis Drake; and what estate is now in the possession of any of his family derived from him.

6. Who Sir Anthony Ashby was?

7. What are and have been generally the professions, trades, or qualifications, civil or military, that have and do generally raise families in England to wealth and honour in Church and State?

J. YEOWELL.

50. Burton Street.

_Foreign Medical Education._--Can any contributor direct me to any sources of information on the regulations concerning medical instruction and medical degrees in the principal universities on the Continent?

MEDICUS.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Chandler, Bishop of Durham._--Lord Dover, in the second volume of his edition of Walpole's _Letters to Sir Horace Mann_, p. 373., in a note, thus speaks of this prelate:

"A learned prelate and author of various polemical works, he had been
raised to the see of Durham in 1730, as it was then said, by symoniacal
means."

Can any of your readers inform me where I can obtain evidence of the symoniacal means by which _it is said_ this bishop obtained the bishopric of Durham? One would scarcely think so cautious a man as Lord Dover would refer to the imputation, without some evidence on which his lordship could rely.

Mr. Surtees, in his _History of the Bishops of Durham_, makes no allusion to the symoniacal means by which Chandler obtained his promotion to the see of Durham. He gives a list of the bishop's printed works, amongst which is a "charge to the grand jury of Durham concerning engrossing of corn, &c., 1740." Can you, or any of your readers, inform me where this pamphlet is to be met with? For I am curious to know how a bishop could make a _charge_ to a grand jury. There must surely be some mistake in the title of the pamphlet.

FRA. MEWBURN.

Darlington.

[The charge of simony is loosely noticed by Shaw in his _History of
Staffordshire_, vol. i. p. 278. He says, "Edward Chandler was
translated from Lichfield and Coventry to Durham in 1730; and it was
then _publicly said_ that he gave 9000l. for that opulent see." To this
Chalmers, in his _Biog. Dict._, adds, "which is scarcely credible." The
Charge by the bishop is in the British Museum: it is entitled, "A
Charge delivered to the Grand Jury at the Quarter-Sessions held at
Durham, July 16, 1740, concerning engrossing of corn and grain, and the
riots that have been occasioned thereby." 4to., Durham.]

_Huggins and Muggins._--Can any of your readers assign the origin of this jocular appellation? I would hazard the conjecture, that it may be corruption of _Hogen Mogen_, High Mightinesses, the style, I believe, of the States-General of Holland; and that it probably became an expression of contempt in the mouths of the Jacobites for the followers of William III., from whence it has passed to a more general application.

F. K.

Bath.

[HUGGER-MUGGER, says Dr. Richardson, is the common way of writing this
word, from Udal to the present time. No probable etymology, he adds,
has yet been given. Sir John Stoddart (_Ency. Metropolitana_, vol i. p.
120.) has given a long article on this word, which concludes with the
following remarks:--"The last etymology that we shall mention is from
the Dutch title, {342} _Hoog Moogende_ (High Mightinesses), given to
the States-General, and much ridiculed by some of our English writers;
as in _Hudibras_:

'But I have sent him for a token
To your Low-country, _Hogen Mogen_.'

It has been supposed that _hugger-mugger_, corrupted from _Hogen
Mogen_, was meant in derision of the secret transactions of their
Mightinesses; but it is probable that the former word was known in
English before the latter, and upon the whole it seems most probable
that _hugger_ is a mere intensitive form of _hug_, and that _mugger_ is
a reduplication of sound with a slight variation, which is so common in
cases of this kind."]

_Balderdash._--What is the meaning and the etymology of "balderdash?"

W. FRASER.

Tor-Mohun.

[Skinner suggests the following etymology: "BALDERDASH, _potus mixtus_,
credo ab A.-S. _bald_, audax, _balder_, audacior vel audacius, et
nostro _dash_; _miscere_, q.d. _potus temere mixtus_." Dr. Jamieson
explains it as "foolish and noisy talk. Islandic, _bulldur_, stultorum
balbuties." Dr. Ogilvie, however, has queried its derivation from the
"Spanish _balda_, a trifle, or _baldonar_, to insult with abusive
language; Welsh, _baldorz_, to prattle. Mean, senseless prate; a jargon
of words; ribaldry; anything jumbled together without judgment."]

_Lovell, Sculptor._--What is known of this artist? That he was in advance of the age he flourished in is evinced by his beautifully executed engravings in _Love's Sacrifice_ (fol. Lond. 1652), which for delicacy of work are far beyond anything of the period.

R.C. WARDE.

Kidderminster.

[Is the name Lovell, or Loisell? for we find that Strutt, in his
_Dictionary of Engravers_, vol. ii. p. 101., speaks of "P. Loisell
having affixed some slight etchings, something in the style of Gaywood
(if I mistake not), to Benlowe's _Theophilia_, _or Love's Sacrifice_."]

_St. Werenfrid and Butler's_ "_Lives of the Saints._"--One of your correspondents will perhaps explain the cause of an omission in Butler's _Lives of the Saints_. The life of St. Werenfrid, whose anniversary is the 14th of August, is abstracted, vol. iii. p. 492. His name occurs in the table of contents: and pages 493 and 494, where the life should have appeared, are wanting; still page 495 follows 492 correctly in type, so that the former must have been reprinted _after_ the castration of the leaf. Was the saint deemed unworthy of the place which had been allotted to him?

J. H. M.

[In the best edition of Butler's _Lives_ (12 vols., 1812-13), the life
of St. Werenfrid is given on Nov. 7. He is honored in Holland on the
14th of August; and his life appears in _Britannia Sancta_ on that day,
but in the Bollandists on the 28th of August.]

* * * * *

Replies.

SIR W. HANKFORD-GASCOIGNE'S TOMB.

(Vol. viii., p. 278.)

On reading MR. SANSOM'S letter, it occurred to me that I had seen a different account of the master being shot by his park-keeper; and on search I found the following in 1 Hale's _P. C._ p. 40., which I send, as it may tend to clear up the question:

"In the case of Sir William Hawksworth, related by Baker in his
_Chronicle of the Time of Edward IV._, p. 223. (_sub anno_ 1471), he
being weary of his life, and willing to be rid of it by another's hand,
blamed his parker for suffering his deer to be destroyed; and commanded
him that he should shoot the next man that he met in his park that
would not stand or speak. The knight himself came in the night into the
park, and being met by the keeper, refused to stand or speak. The
keeper shot and killed him, not knowing him to be his master. This
seems to be no felony, but excusable by the statute of _Malefactores in
Parcis_."

This account varies from Ritson's in the name "Hawksworth" instead of "Hankford," and the date 1471 instead of 1422. It seems plain that Lord Hale had no idea that the person shot was a judge: and possibly the truth may be, that it was a descendant of the judge that was shot. Even if Hankford's death were in 1422, as stated by Risdon, the traditional account that he caused his own death "in doubt of his safety" does not seem very probable, as Henry V. came to the throne in 1412-13. Probably some of your readers may be able to clear up the matter.

I was at Harewood the other day, and examined a tomb there alleged to be that of the C.-J. Gascoigne. In the centre of the west end of the tomb is a shield: first and fourth, five fleurs-de-lys (France); second and third, three lions passant gardant (England).--May I ask how these arms happen to be on this tomb?

There are several other shields on the tomb, but all are now undistinguishable except one; which appears to be a bend impaling a saltire, as far as I can make it out: the colours are wholly obliterated. The head of the figure has not a coif on it, as I should have anticipated; but a cap fitting very close, and a bag is suspended from the left arm.--Is it known for certain that this is C.-J. Gascoigne's tomb?

S. G. C.

Harrogate.

* * * * *

MR. SANSOM need not have been very much surprised that I should have omitted noticing a tradition concerning Sir William Hankford, when I was merely rectifying an error with reference to Sir William Gascoigne. That I have not overlooked entirely "the Devonshire tradition, which represents Sir William Hankford to be the judge {343} who committed Prince Henry," may be seen in _The Judges of England_, vol. iv. p. 324., wherein I show the total improbability of the tale. And my disbelief in the story of Hankford's death, and its more probable application to Sir Robert Danby, is already noticed in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 93.

EDWARD FOSS.

* * * * *

TRANSLATION OF THE PRAYER BOOK INTO FRENCH.

(Vol. vii., p. 382.)

In answer to some of the questions proposed by O. W. J. respecting the Prayer Book translated into French, I am able to give this information.

A copy of a French Prayer Book is to be found in the Bodleian Library (Douce Coll.), which is very probably the first edition of the translation. A general account of this book may be gained from Strype's _Mem. Eccl. K. Ed. VI._ (vol. iii. p. 208. ed. 1816); also Strype's _Mem. Abp. Cranmer_ (b. ii. c. 22. sub fin. and c. 33., and App. 54. and 261.); also Collier's _Eccl. Hist._, vol. ii. p. 321.

From these sources we may conclude that a translation of the first book of _K. Ed. VI._ was begun very soon after its publication in England, at the instigation of Pawlet (at that time governor of Calais), with the sanction of the king and the archbishop "for the use of the islands of Guernsey and Jersey, and of the town and dependencies of Calais;" but it does not seem to have been completed before the publication of the second book took place, and so the alterations were incorporated into this edition.

The translator was "Francoys Philippe, a servant of the Lord Chancellor" (Thos. Goodrick, Bishop of Ely), as he styles himself. The printer's name is Gaultier. It was put forth in 1553.

There is still extant an "Order in Council" for the island of Jersey, dated April 15, 1550, commanding to "observe and use the service, and other orders appertaining to the same, and to the ministration of the sacraments, set forth in the booke sent to you presentlye." It is uncertain what the book here referred to was, whether a translation or a copy of the English liturgy.

There are copies extant of another liturgy put forth in 1616, purporting to be "newly translated at the command of the king." The printer's name is Jehan Bill, of London. The name of John Bill appears also as king's printer in the English authorised edition of 1662.

Another was published in 1667, by Jean Dunmore and Octavien Pulleyn.

The edition of 1695, published by _Erringham_ (Everingham) and R. Bentley, has the sanction of K. Charles II. appended to it.

Numerous editions have since been published, varying in many important points (even of doctrine) from one another, and from their English original. There is now no authorised edition fit for general use; the older translations having become too antiquated by the variations in the French language to be read in the churches.