Chapter C: H. Cooper

Cambridge.

* * * * *

{427}

SACK.

(Vol. ix., p. 272.)

With respect to the wines called Sacks, much diversity of opinion has prevailed, and although the question has been frequently discussed, it still remains, in a great measure, undetermined. It seems admitted, on all hands, that the term _sack_ was originally applied to certain growths of Spain. In a MS. account of the disbursements by the chamberlain of the city of Worcester for 1592, Dr. Percy found the ancient mode of spelling to be _seck_, and thence concluded that sack is a corruption of _sec_, signifying a dry wine. Moreover, in the French version of a proclamation for regulating the prices of wines, issued by the privy Council in 1633, the expression _vins secs_ corresponds with the word _sacks_ in the original. The term _sec_ is still used as a substantive by the French to denote a Spanish wine; and the dry wine of Xerez is known at the place of its growth by the name of _vino seco_. The foregoing account is abridged from _The History of Ancient and Modern Wines_, by Alex. Henderson, Lond. 1824. The following is taken from Cyrus Redding's _History of Modern Wines_, Lond. 1833:

"In the early voyages to these islands (the Canaries), quoted in
Ashley's collection, there is a passage relative to sack, which will
puzzle wise heads about that wine. It is under the head of 'Nicols'
Voyage.' Nicols lived eight years in the islands. The island of
Teneriffe produces three sorts of wine, Canary, Malvasia, and Verdona,
'which may all go under the denomination of sack.' The term then was
applied neither to sweet nor dry wines exclusively, but to Canary,
Xeres (_i. e._ sherry), or Malaga generally. In Anglo-Spanish
dictionaries of a century and a quarter old, sack is given as _Vino de
Canarias_. Hence it was Canary sack, Xeres sack, or Malaga sack."

[Greek: Halieus].

Dublin.

In reply to your correspondent, I believe sack to be nothing but _vino secco_, dry wine, probably identical with sherry or madeira. I once, when an undergraduate at Oxford, ordered a dozen from a travelling agent to a London wine merchant, probably from Shakspearian associations, and my belief is that what he sold me under that name was an Italian wine of some sort, bearing a good deal of resemblance to the _vino panto_, of which Perugia is the head-quarters.

B. D.

This is the same wine which is now named sherry. Falstaff calls it _sherris sack_, and also _sherris_ only, using in fact both names indiscriminately (2 _Henry IV._, Act IV. Sc. 3.). For various commentaries regarding it, see Blount's _Glossographia_; Dr. Venner's _Via recta ad Vitam longam_, published in 1637; Nares' _Glossary_, &c. Cotgrave, in his _Dictionary_, makes sack to be derived from _vin sec_, French; and it is called _seck_ in an article by Bishop Percy, from an old account-book at Worcester, anno Elizbethæ 34.

N. L. J.

* * * * *

IRISH LAW IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

(vol. ix., p. 270.)

What has been mistaken by your correspondent for a piece of Irish barbarity, was, until the Act 12 Geo. III. c. 20., the usual punishment awarded by the law to culprits standing mute upon an arraignment of felony (that is, without speaking at all, or without putting himself upon God and the country). The judgment in such case was:

"That the man or woman should be remanded to the prison, and laid there
in some low and dark room, where they should lie naked on the bare
earth, without any litter, rushes, or other clothing, and without any
garment about them, but something to cover their privy parts, and that
they should lie upon their backs, their heads uncovered and their feet,
and one arm to be drawn to one quarter of the room with a cord, and the
other arm to another quarter, and in the same manner to be done with
their legs; and there should be laid upon their bodies iron and stone,
so much as they might bear, and more; and the next day following, to
leave three morsels of barley bread without any drink, and the second
day to drink thrice of the water next to the house of the prison
(except running water), without any bread; and this to be their diet
until they were dead. So as, upon the matter, they should die three
manner of ways, by weight, by famine, and by cold. And the reason of
this terrible judgment was because they refused to stand to the common
law of the land."--2 _Inst._ 178, 179.

In the Year-Book of 8 Henry IV. the form of the judgment is _first_ given. The Marshal of the King's Bench is ordered to put the criminals into "diverses measons bases et estoppes, que ils gisent par la terre touts nuds forsque leurs braces, que ils mettroit sur chascun d'eux tants de fer et poids quils puissent porter et plus," &c., (as above).

It appears also, from Barrington's _Observations on the Statutes_, that, until the above-mentioned act, it was usual to torture a prisoner by tying his thumbs tightly together with whipcord in order to extort a plea; and he mentions the following instances where one or more of these barbarous cruelties have been inflicted:

"In 1714 a prisoner's thumbs were thus tied at the same place" (Old
Bailey), "who then pleaded; and in January, 1720, William Spigget
submitted in the same manner after the thumbs being tied _as usual_,
and his accomplice, Phillips, was absolutely pressed for a considerable
time, till he begged to stand on his trial. In April, 1720, Mary
Andrews continued so obstinate, that three whipcords were broken before
she would plead. In December, 1721, Nathanael Haws suffered in the same
manner by squeezing the thumbs; after {428} which he continued under
the press for seven minutes with 250 lbs., and then submitted."

Barrington also says in the text:

"As it is very unusual for criminals to stand mute on their trials in
more modern days, and it was not unfrequent, if we go some centuries
back in English History, it may not be improper to observe, that the
occasion of its being then more common, was to prevent forfeitures, and
involving perhaps innocent children in their parents' guilt. These
forfeitures only accrued upon judgment of _life and limb_, and, to the
disgrace of the crown, were too frequently levied with the utmost
rigour. The sentence, however, hath continued to be put into execution
till the late Act of Parliament (12 Geo. III. c. 20.) properly
abolished it."

He mentions two other cases, one of which happened at the Sussex assizes, under Baron Thompson, and the other at Cambridge, in 1741, when Baron Carter was the judge. I do not think there are any more modern instances than these, for they are the only ones cited by counsel in General Picton's case, in justification of inflicting torture on a prisoner. (_State Trials_, vol. xxx.) The Marquis Beccaria, in an exquisite piece of raillery, has proposed this problem with a gravity and precision truly mathematical:

"The force of the muscles and the sensibility of the nerves of an
innocent person being given, it is required to find the degree of pain
necessary to make himself guilty of a given crime."--_1 Bl. Com. 327.
n._

A prisoner standing mute at the present day would be sentenced to undergo the punishment that would be awarded to him, if found guilty of the crime laid to his charge.

INVESTIGATOR.

Manchester, April 4, 1854.

Blackstone (book iv. chap. 25.) speaks of the cases in which punishment of "peine forte et dure" was inflicted according to the ancient law. It would occupy too great space to quote what he says on this point, and, therefore I must refer your correspondent to his work itself, where he will also find an inquiry into its origin. The punishment is described almost in the words of your correspondent's quotation; thus:

"That the prisoner be remanded to the prison from whence he came, and
be put into a low, dark chamber; and there be laid on his back, on the
bare floor, naked, unless where decency forbids, that there be placed
upon his body as great a weight of iron as he could bear, and more;
that he have no sustenance, save only, on the first day, three morsels
of the worst bread, and, on the second day, three draughts of standing
water, that should be nearest to the prison door; and in this situation
this should be alternately his daily diet, _till he died_, or (as
anciently the judgment ran) till he answered."

Blackstone farther intimates that this punishment was abolished by statute 12 Geo. III. c. 20., which shows, of course, that it continued to be according to law for more than thirty years after the date mentioned by ABHBA.

R. O.

The punishment, or more properly torture, alluded to by ABHBA, was the "peine forte et dure," commonly applied in the early part of the last century to such criminals as refused to plead. Many died under it in order to save their estates, &c. from forfeiture to the crowns. In my forthcoming anecdotes of "The Eighteenth Century," several cases are cited from the newspapers of the time; but, as the MS. is now in the printer's hands, I cannot refer to them. Writing from memory, I think that the last case in which this torture was applied at the Old Bailey in London was in 1735, and reported in the _London Magazine_ of that year. The "Press-yard" at Newgate derives its name from being the scene of these tortures.

ALEXANDER ANDREWS.

* * * * *

JOB XIX. 26.

(Vol. ix., p. 303.)

Perhaps the best mode in which I can comply with MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY'S request, is to send for insertion in the "N. & Q." my MS. note on the text in question:

[Hebrew: W'CHR `WRY NQPW Z'T]
[Hebrew: WMBSHRY 'CHZH 'LWH:]

The difficulties which the reader experiences, on reading the authorised version of this passage, are by no means trifling. Every one knows that the words printed in _Italics_ are not to be found in the original; the strictly literal rendering, according to the construction put upon the verse by our translators, would therefore run thus:

"And after my skin, destroy this,
Yet in my flesh shall I see God."

To say the least of it, "it is hard to be understood." The three words in Italics, arbitrarily introduced, make the passage by no means more intelligible.

The erudite author of the marginal readings (see "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 108.) felt the difficulty, and therefore proposed another translation, which is,--

"After I shall awake, though this _body_ be destroyed,
Yet out of my flesh shall I see God."

By an effort of violent criticism, [Hebrew: `WRY] might be translated _my awaking_; but it will require an extraordinary critical mind to turn [Hebrew: NQPW Z'T] into _though this body be destroyed_.

The difficulties seem to have originated with the misapprehension of the proper meaning of the verb [Hebrew: NQP] here. Instead of translating it according to its primitive signification, viz. _to surround_ {429} a foreign sense has been palmed upon it, viz. _to destroy_. Job, no doubt, meant to say thus:

"And after my skin has returned, this shall be;
And out of my flesh shall I see God."

Thus the literal meaning demonstrates a connecting link between verses 25 and 26. The authorised version and the marginal reading seem to lack that link:

"And I know that my Redeemer liveth,
And He shall at length abide upon the earth."

But would you know when this _at length_ is to take place? It will come to pass when a shaking of the dry bones shall take place, when bone to bone shall be joined, when sinews and flesh shall come upon them, and skin cover them above; that is, when the skeleton of my mutilated body shall be raised a glorified body. In other words,--

"And after my skin returned, this shall be;
And out of my flesh shall I see God."

The most ancient translators have evidently put this construction upon the verse under consideration. The Chaldee paraphrase runs thus:

[Chaldee: WMN BTR D'TPCH MSHKY TH' D']
[Chaldee: WMBSRY 'CHMY TWB 'LH'::]

"And after my skin is healed, this shall be;
And out of my flesh shall I see the return of God."

[Chaldee: 'TPCH] does not mean here _inflated_, as some suppose. The Syriac version translates the word [Hebrew: NQPW] by the word [Syriac: 'TKRK], which means _surround_, _wind round_. The Vulgate has the following version of the patriarch's prophetic exclamation:

"Et rursum circumdabor pelle mea,
Et in carne mea videbo Deum meum."

Jerome evidently knew not what to do with the word [Hebrew: Z'T], and therefore omitted it. He might have turned it to good account by translating it _erit hoc_.

The above note has been penned upwards of five years ago, and I transcribe it now, without a single alteration, for the benefit of MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY and his friends.

MOSES MARGOLIOUTH.

Wybunbury, Nantwich.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

_Photographic Experiences._--We have received from our valued correspondent DR. MANSELL, of Guernsey, a suggestion to which we are happy to give publicity, and to the promotion of which we shall be very glad to lend the columns of "N. & Q." Our photographic readers are probably aware that the Talbotype process is increasing in favour; we have recorded DR. DIAMOND'S strong testimony to its advantages. MR. LLEWELLYN has just described his process (which is strikingly similar) in the _Photographic Journal_; and in a recent number of _La Lumière_ the VICOMTE VIGIER confirms the views of our countrymen. DR. MANSELL, who has given our readers the benefit of his experience, well remarks that in all his acquaintance with physical science, he knows nothing more remarkable than that MR. FOX TALBOT should not only have discovered this beautiful process, but likewise have given it to the world (in 1841) in so perfect a form, that the innumerable experiments of a dozen years have done nothing essential to improve it, and the best manipulators of the day can add nothing to it. It is, however, with a view to testing some of the points in which photographers differ, so as to establish which are best, that DR. MANSELL suggests, that a table giving,

1. The time of exposure in the camera, in a bright May sun,
2. The locality,
3. The iodizement,
4. The maker of the paper,
5. The diameter of the diaphragm,
6. Its distance from the lens, and
7. The diameter, focal length, and maker of the lens,

would, if carefully and honestly stated by some twenty or thirty photographers, be extremely valuable. Of this there can be little doubt, and we hope that our scientific photographic friends, will respond to this suggestion. We for our parts are ready to receive any such communications, and will, at the end of the month, collate and arrange them in such form as may best exhibit the results. It is obvious that, in a matter of such a nature, _we_ at least should be furnished with the names of our correspondents.

_The Céroléine Process._--The unfavourable state of the weather has prevented me from making many experiments as to the value of the process given in your 234th Number, but I have seen enough to convince me that it will effect a great saving of trouble, and be more sensitive than any modification of Le Gray's process that has yet been published. It will, however, be rather more expensive, and, in the hands of persons unaccustomed to chemical manipulations, rather difficult; but the solutions once made, the waxing process is delightfully easy.

WILLIAM PUMPHREY.

_On preserving the Sensitiveness of Collodion Plates._--_The Philosophical Magazine_ of the present month contains a very important article by Messrs. Spiller and Crookes upon this great desideratum in photographic practice. We have heard from a gentleman of considerable scientific attainments, that, from the few experiments which he had then made, he is convinced that the plan is quite feasible. We of course refer our readers to the paper itself for fuller particulars as to the reasoning which led the writers to their successful experiment, and for all enumeration of the many advantages which may result from their discovery. Their process is as follows:

"The plate, coated with collodion (that which we employ contains
iodide, bromide, and chloride of ammonium, in about equal proportions),
is made sensitive by immersion in the ordinary solution of nitrate of
{430} silver (30 grains to the ounce), and after remaining there for
the usual time, is transferred for a second solution of the following
composition:

Nitrate of zinc (fused) 2 ounces.
Nitrate of silver 35 grains.
Water 6 ounces.

The plate must be left in this bath until the zinc solution has
thoroughly penetrated the film (we have found five minutes amply
sufficient for this purpose, although a much longer time is of no
consequence); it should then be taken out, allowed to drain upright on
blotting-paper until all the surface moisture has been absorbed (about
half an hour), and then put by until required. The nitrate of zinc,
which is still retained on the plate, is sufficient to keep it moist
for any length of time, and we see no theoretical or practical reason
why its sensitiveness should not be retained as long: experiments on
this point are in progress; at present, however, we have only subjected
them to the trial of about a week, although at the end of that period
they were hardly deteriorated in any appreciable degree. It is not
necessary that the exposure in the camera should be immediately
followed by the development, as this latter process can be deferred to
any convenient opportunity, provided it be within the week. Previous to
development, the plate should be allowed to remain for a few seconds in
the original thirty-grain silver-bath, then removed and developed with
either pyrogallic acid or a protosalt of iron, and afterwards fixed,
&c. in the usual manner."

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Tippet_ (Vol. ix., p. 370.).--P. C. S. S. cannot help thinking that _tippet_ is nothing more than a corruption, _per metathesia_, of _epitogium_. Such, at least, seems to have been the opinion of old Minsheu, who, in his _Guide to the Tongues_, 1627, describes it thus:

"A habit which universitie men and clergiemen weare over their gownes.
L. _Epitogium_, ab [Greek: epi] and _toga_."

P. C. S. S.

_Heraldic Anomaly_ (Vol. ix., p. 298.).--As your correspondent JOHN O' THE FORD wishes to be furnished with examples of arms now extant, augmented with a cross in chief, I beg to inform him that on the north side of St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, immediately above the arch, are three shields: the centre one bearing a plain cross (the arms of the order); on the right, as you face the gateway, the shield bears a chevron ingrailed between three roundles, impaling a cross flory, over all on a chief a cross; that on the left is merely a single shield, bearing a chevron ingrailed between three roundles apparently (being somewhat damaged), in chief a plain cross. If the colours were marked, they are indistinguishable,--shield and charges are alike sable now. On the south side are two shields: that on the right has been so much damaged that all I can make out of it is that two coats have been impaled thereon, but I cannot discover whether it had the cross in chief or not; that on the left bears a chevron between three roundles, in chief a plain cross. This shield also is damaged; but, nevertheless, enough remains to enable one to make out the charges with tolerable certainty.

TEE BEE.

_George Wood of Chester_ (Vol. viii., p 34.).--I think it very probable that this gentleman, who was Justice of Chester in the last year of the reign of Mary and the first of Elizabeth, will turn out to be George Wood, Esq., of Balterley, in the county of Stafford, who married Margaret, relict of Ralph Birkenhead, of Croughton, in Cheshire, and sixth daughter of Sir Thomas Grosvenor, of Eaton, Knight, ancestor of the present noble house of Westminster. If CESTRIENSIS can obtain access to Shaw's _History of Staffordshire_, the hint I have thrown out may speed him in his investigations.

T. HUGHES.

Chester.

_Moon Superstitions_ (Vol. viii., pp. 79. 145. 321.)--The result of my own observations, as far as they go, is, that remarkable changes of weather sometimes accompany or follow so closely the changes of the moon, that it is difficult for the least superstitious persons to refrain from imagining some connexion between them--and one or two well-marked instances would make many converts for life to the opinion;--but that in comparatively few cases are the changes of weather so marked and decided as to give them the air of cause and effect.

J. S. WARDEN.

"_Myself_" (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--The inscription from a gravestone, inserted by G. A. C., brought to my mind a poem by Bernard Barton, which I had met with in a magazine (_The Youth's Instructor_ for December, 1826), into which it had been copied from the _Amulet_. The piece is entitled "A Colloquy with Myself." The first two stanzas, which I had always considered original, are subjoined for the sake of comparison:

"As I walk'd by myself, I talk'd to myself,
And myself replied to me;
And the questions myself then put to myself,
With their answers I give to thee.

Put them home to thyself, and if unto thyself,
Their responses the same should be:
O look well to thyself, and beware of thyself,
Or so much the worse for thee."

T. Q. C.

Polperro, Cornwall.

I cannot inform G. A. C. by whom or in what year the lines were written, from which the epitaph he mentions was copied; but he will find them amongst {431} the Epigrams, &c., &c., in _Elegant Extracts_, in the edition bearing date 1805, under the title of a Rhapsody.

WEST SUSSEX.

_Roman Roads in England_ (Vol. ix., p. 325.).--I think that in addition to the reference to _Richard of Cirencester_, PRESTONIENSIS should be apprised of the late General Roy's _Military Antiquities of Great Britain_ (published by the Society of Antiquaries), a most learned and valuable account of and commentary on _Richard de Cirencester_, and on all the other works on the subject; Stukeley, Horsley, &c. I have my own doubts as to the genuineness of Richard's work; that is, though I admit that the facts are true, and compiled with accuracy and learning, I cannot quite persuade myself that the work is that of the Monk of Westminster in the fourteenth century, never heard of till the discovery of an unique MS. in the Royal Library at Copenhagen about 1757. I suspect it to have been a much more modern compilation.

C.

_Anecdote of George IV._ (Vol. ix., pp. 244. 338.)--If JULIA R. BOCKETT has accurately copied (as we must presume) the note that she has sent you, I am sorry to inform her that it is a forgery: the Prince never, from his earliest youth, signed "George" _tout court_; he always added P. If the story be at all true, your second correspondent, W. H., is assuredly right, that the "old woman" could not mean the Queen, who was but eighteen when the Prince was born, and could not, therefore, at any time within which this note could have been written, be called, even by the giddiest boy, "an old woman." When the Prince was twelve years old, she was but thirty.

C.

_General Fraser_ (Vol. ix., p. 161.).--The communication of J. C. B. contains the following sentence:

"During his interment, the incessant cannonade of the enemy covered
with dust the chaplain and the officers who assisted in performing the
last duties to his remains, they being within view of the greatest part
of both armies."

As some might suppose from this that the American army was guilty of the infamous action of knowingly firing upon a funeral, the following extract from Lossing's _Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution_, lately published, is submitted to the readers of "N. & Q." It tells _the whole truth_ upon the subject. It is from vol. i. p. 66.:

"It was just sunset in that calm October evening, that the corpse of
General Fraser was carried up the hill to the place of burial within
the 'great redoubt.' It was attended only by the members of his
military family, and Mr. Brudenel, the chaplain; yet the eyes of
hundreds of both armies followed the solemn procession, while the
Americans, ignorant of its true character, kept up a constant cannonade
upon the redoubt. The chaplain, unmoved by the danger to which he was
exposed, as the cannon-balls that struck the hill threw the loose soil
over him, pronounced the impressive funeral service of the Church of
England with an unfaltering voice.[2] The growing darkness added
solemnity to the scene. Suddenly the irregular firing ceased, and the
solemn voice of a single cannon, at measured intervals, boomed along
the valley and awakened the responses of the hills. It was a minute
gun, fired by the Americans in honour of the gallant dead. The moment
information was given that the gathering at the redoubt was a funeral
company fulfilling, amid imminent perils, the last breathed wishes of
the noble Fraser, orders were issued to withhold the cannonade with
balls, and to render military homage to the fallen brave."

I may add, for the information of English readers, that Lossing's _Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution_ is a work of great general accuracy, written by a gentleman who travelled thousands of miles to collect the materials. The drawings for the work were drawn, and the numerous woodcuts engraved, by him. They are the finest woodcuts ever produced in this country.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

[Footnote 2: Burgoyne's _State of the Expedition_, p. 169. Lieutenant Kingston's _Evidence_, p. 107.]

_The Fusion_ (Vol. ix., p. 323.).--The Orleans branch, though it derives its eventually hereditary claim to the throne of France from Louis XIII., as stated by E. H. A., have later connexions in blood with Louis XIV. The Regent Duke married Mdlle de Blois, the legitimated daughter of Louis XIV. Louis-Philippe's mother was great-granddaughter of Louis XIV. by another line.

C.

"_Corporations have no souls_" (Vol. ix., p. 284.).--This saying is to be found in Coke's _Reports_, vol. x. p. 32.:

"A corporation aggregate of many is invisible, immortal, and rests only
in intendment and consideration of the law. They cannot commit treason,
nor be outlawed, nor excommunicate, _for they have no souls_, neither
can they appear in person, but by attorney."

ERICA.

_Apparition of the White Lady_ (Vol. viii., p. 317.).--Some account of the origin of this apparition story is given at considerable length by Mrs. Crowe in the _Night Side of Nature_, chapter on Haunted Houses, pp. 315. 318.

JOHN JAMES.

Avington Rectory, Hungerford.

_Female Parish Clerk_ (Vol. viii., p. 338.).--The sexton of my parish, John Poffley, a man worthy of a place in Wordsworth's _Excursion_, was telling me but a few days ago, that his mother was the parish clerk for twenty-six years, and that he well remembers his astonishment as a boy, whenever {432} he happened to attend a neighbouring church service, to see a man acting in that capacity, and saying the responses for the people.

JOHN JAMES.

Avington Rectory, Hungerford.

I have just seen an extract from "N. & Q." in one of our local papers, mentioning Elizabeth King as being clerk of the parish of Totteridge in 1802, and a question by Y. S. M. if there were any similar instance on record of a woman being a parish clerk? In answer to this Query, I beg to inform Y. S. M. that in the village of Misterton, Somerset, in which place I was born, a woman acted as clerk at my mother's wedding, my own baptism, and many years subsequently: I was born in 1822.

WM. HIGGINS.

_Bothy_ (Vol. ix., p. 305.).--For a familiar mention of this word (commonly spelt _Bothie_), your correspondent may be referred to the poem of _The Bothie of Toper-na-fuosich_, a Long-Vacation Pastoral, by Arthur Hugh Clough, Oxford: Macpherson, 1848. The action of the poem is chiefly carried on at the Bothie, the situation of which is thus described (in hexameter verse):

"There on the blank hill side, looking down through the loch to the
ocean,
There with a runnel beside, and pine trees twain before it,
There with the road underneath, and in sight of coaches and steamers,
Dwelling of David Mackaye, and his daughters Elspie and Bella,
Sends up a volume of smoke the Bothie of Toper-na-fuosich."

This sort of verse, by the way, is thus humorously spoken of by Professor Wilson in his dedication, "to the King," of the twelfth volume of Blackwood (1822):

"What dost thou think, my liege, of the metre in which I address thee?
Doth it not sound very big, verse bouncing, bubble-and-squeaky,
Rattling, and loud, and high, resembling a drum or a bugle--
Rub-a-dub-dub like the one, like t'other tantaratara?
(It into use was brought of late by thy Laureate Doctor--
But, in my humble opinion, I write it better than he does)
It was chosen by me as the longest measure I knew of,
And, in praising one's King, it is right full measure to give him."

CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

_King's Prerogative and Hunting Bishops_ (Vol. ix., p. 247.).--The passage of Blackstone, referred to by the Edinburgh Reviewer, will be found in his _Commentaries_, vol. ii, p. 413., where reference is made to 4 [Cokes'] _Inst._ 309. See also the same volume of Blackstone, p. 427. It is evident that Bishop Jewel possessed his "muta canum." See a curious account of a visit to him by Hermann Falkerzhümer, in the _Zurich Letters_, second series, pp. 84 &c.

H. GOUGH.

Lincoln's Inn.

_Green Eyes_ (Vol. viii., p. 407.; Vol. ix., p. 112.).--Antoine Heroet, an early French poet, in the third book of his _Opuscules d'Amour_, has the following lines:

"Amour n'est pas enchanteur si divers
Que les yeux noirs face devenir _verds_,
Qu'un brun obscur en blancheur clere tourne,
Ou qu'un traict gros du vissage destourne."

(Love is not so strange an enchanter that he can make black eyes become green, that he can turn a dark brown into clear whiteness, or that he can change a coarse feature of the face.)

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_Brydone the Tourist_ (Vol. ix., pp. 138. 255. 305.).--

"On lui a reproché d'avoir sacrifié la vérité au plaisir de raconter
des choses piquantes."

In a work (I think) entitled _A Tour in Sicily_, the production of Captain Monson, uncle to the late Lord Monson, published about thirty years ago, I remember to have read a denial and, as far as I can remember, a refutation of a statement of Brydone, that he had seen a pyramid in the gardens or grounds of some dignitary in Sicily, composed of--chamber-pots! I was, when I read Mr. Monson's book (a work of some pretensions as it appeared to me), a youngster newly returned from foreign travel, and in daily intercourse with gentlemen of riper age than myself, and of attainments as travellers and otherwise which I could not pretend to; many of them were Italians, and I perfectly remember that by all, but especially by the latter, Brydone's book was treated as a book of apocrypha.

TRAVELLER.

_Descendants of John of Gaunt, Noses of_ (Vol. vii., p. 96.).--Allow me to repeat my Query as to E. D.'s remark: he says, to be dark-complexioned and black-haired "is the family badge of the Herberts quite as much as the unmistakeable nose in the descendants of John of Gaunt." I hope E. D. will not continue silent, for I am very curious to know his meaning.

Y. S. M.

_"Put"_ (Vol. vii., p. 271.).--I am surprised at the silence of your Irish readers in reference to the pronunciation of this word. I certainly never yet heard it pronounced like "but" amongst educated men in Ireland, and I am both a native of this country and resident here the greater part of my life. The Prince Consort's name I have {433} occasionally heard, both in England and Ireland, pronounced as if the first letter was an O--"Olbert"--and that by people who ought to know better.

Y. S. M.

_"Caricature; a Canterbury Tale"_ (Vol. ix., p. 351.).--The inquiry of H. as to the meaning of a "Caricature," which he describes (though I doubt if he be correct as to all the personages), appears to me to point to a transaction in the history of the celebrated "Coalition Ministry" of Lord North and Fox; in which--

"Burke being Paymaster of the Forces, committed one or two imprudent
acts: among them, the restoration of Powel and Bembridge, two
defaulting subordinates in his office, to their situations. His friends
of the ministry were hardly tasked to bring him through these scrapes;
and, to use the language of Wraxall's _Memoirs_, 'Fox warned the
Paymaster of the Forces, as he valued his office, not to involve his
friends in any similar dilemma during the remainder of the Session.'"

A. B. R.

Belmont.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Dr. Waagen, the accomplished Director of the Royal Gallery of Pictures, Berlin, has just presented us with three volumes, to which, as Englishmen, we may refer with pride, because they bear testimony not only to the liberality of our expenditure in works of art, but also to the good taste and judgment which have generally regulated our purchases. _The Treasures of Art in Great Britain, being an Account of the Chief Collections of Paintings, Drawings, Sculptures, Illuminated MSS., &c._, as the work is designated, must become a handbook to every lover of Art in this country. It is an amplification of Dr. Waagen's first work, _Art and Artists in England_, giving, not only the results of the author's more ripened judgment and extended experience, but also an account of twenty-eight collections in and round London, of nineteen in England generally, and of seven in Scotland, not contained in his former work. And as the Doctor has bestowed much pains in obtaining precise information regarding the art of painting in England since the time of Hogarth, and of sculpture since the time of Flaxman; and also devoted much time to the study of English miniatures contained in MSS. from the earliest time down to the sixteenth century; of miniatures of other nations preserved in England; of drawings by the old masters, engravings and woodcuts; he is fully justified in saying that, both as regards the larger class of the public who are interested in knowing the actual extent of the treasures of Art in England, and also the more learned connoisseurs of the history of Art, this edition offers incomparably richer and more maturely digested materials than the former one. Let us add, that the value of this important and most useful and instructive book is greatly enhanced by a very careful Index.

We have received from Messrs. Johnston, the geographers and engravers to the Queen, two maps especially useful at the present moment, viz., one of the Baltic Sea, with enlarged plans of Cronstadt, Revel, Sveaborg, Kiel Bay, and Winga Sound; and the other of the seat of war in the Danubian Principalities and Turkey, with map of Central Europe.

At the Annual General Meeting of the Camden Society on Tuesday last, M. Van de Weyer, Mr. Blencowe, and the Rev. John Webb were elected of the New Council in the place of Mr. Cunningham, Mr. Foss, and Sir Charles Young, who retire.

The Inaugural General Meeting of the Surrey Archæological Society is announced for Wednesday next, at the Bridge House Hotel, London Bridge, Henry Drummond, Esq., in the chair. Objects of antiquarian and general interest intended for exhibition may be sent, not later than Monday the 8th, to Mr. Bridger, the curator.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The present State of Morocco, a Chapter of Mussulman Civilisation_, by Xavier Durriew, the new Part of Longman's _Traveller's Library_, is an interesting picture of the institutions, manners, and religious faith of a nation too little known in Europe.--_Deeds of Naval Daring, &c._, by Edward Giffard, _Second Series_. This new volume of Murray's _Railway Reading_ is well timed.--_The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay_, Vol. III., carries on her record of the gossip of the Court during the years 1786-7.--_Critical and Historical Essays, &c._, by T. B. Macaulay, contains, among other admirable essays, those on Walpole's Letters to Mann, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, and Lord Bacon.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

ESSAYS AND SKETCHES OF LIFE AND CHARACTER, by a Gentleman who recently left his Lodgings. London, 1820.

MEMOIR OF SHERIDAN, by the late Professor Smyth. Leeds, 1841. 12mo.

Wanted by _John Martin_, Librarian, Woburn Abbey.

* * * * *

THE ARTIFICES AND IMPOSITIONS OF FALSE TEACHERS, discovered in a Visitation Sermon. 8vo. London, 1712.

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND NOT SUPERSTITIOUS--showing what Religions may justly be charged with Superstition, pp. 46, 8vo. London, 1714.

PHYSICA ARISTOTELICA MODERNA ACCOMODATA IN USUM JUVENTUTIS ACADEMICÆ, Auctore Gulielmo Taswell. 8vo. London, 1718.

ANTICHRIST REVEALED AMONG THE SECT OF QUAKERS, London, 1723.

The above were written by Wm. Taswell, D.D., Rector of Newington, Surrey,
&c.

MISCELLANEA SACRA; containing the Story of Deborah and Barak; David's Lamentations over Saul and Jonathan; a Pindaric Poem; and the Prayer of Solomon at the Dedication of the Temple, 4to., by E. Taswell. London. 1760.

THE USEFULNESS OF SACRED MUSIC, 1 Chron. 16. 39. 40. 42., by Wm. Taswell, A.M., Rector of Wootton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire. 8vo. London, 1742.

COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES AND WEST INDIES, by the Hon. Littleton W. Tazewell. London, 1829.

Wanted by _R. Jackson_, 3. Northampton Place, Old Kent Road.

* * * * *

{434}

LIBER PRECUM. 1569.

LIBER PRECUM. 1571.

LIBER PRECUM. 1660. Ch. Ch. Oxford.

LITURGIA. 1670.

ETON PRAYERS. 1705.

ENCHIRIDION PRECUM. 1707.

ENCHIRIDION PRECUM. 1715.

LIBER PRECUM. 1819. Worcester College, Oxford.

Wanted by _Rev. J. W. Hewett_, Bloxham, Banbury.

* * * * *

Any of the occasional Sermons of the Rev. Charles Kingsley, of Eversley, more particularly THE MISSION OF THE CHURCH TO THE LABOURING CLASSES, and CLOTHES CHEAP AND NASTY, by Parson Lot.

Wanted by _H. C. Cowley_, Melksham, Wilts.

* * * * *

The Numbers of the BRITISH AND COLONIAL QUARTERLY REVIEW, published in 1846, by Smith and Elder, Cornhill, containing a review of a work on graduated, sliding-scale, Taxation. Also any work of the French School on the same subject, published from 1790 down to the end of the Revolution.

Wanted by _R. J. Cole_, 12. Furnival's Inn.

* * * * *

BREVINT'S CHRISTIAN SACRAMENT AND SACRIFICE. 4th Edition, 1757. Rivingtons.

Wanted by _S. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.

* * * * *

J. G. AGARDH, SPECIES, GENERA, ET ORDINES ALGARUM. Royal 8vo. London, 1848-1853.

LACROIX, DIFF. ET INTEG. CALCULUS. Last edition.

Wanted by the _Rev. Frederick Smithe_, Churchdown, Gloucester.

* * * * *

PLATONIS OPERA OMNIA (Stallbaum). Gothæ et Erfordiæ. Sumptibus Guil. Hennings, 1832; published in Jacobs and Rost's Bibliotheca Græca. Vol. iv. Sect. 2., containing Menexenus, Lysis, Hippias uterque, Io.

Wanted by the _Rev. G. R. Mackarness_, Barnwell Rectory, near Oundle.

* * * * *

ADMIRAL NAPIER'S REVOLUTION IN PORTUGAL. Moxon, Dover Street.

Wanted by _Hugh Owen, Esq._, Bristol.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

F. R. F. _The Third Part of Bunyan's_ Pilgrim's Progress _is an imposture_. See "N. & Q.," Vol viii., p. 222. _For bibliographical notices of that work, see the Introduction to_ The Pilgrim's Progress, _published by the Hanserd Knollys Society in 1847_.