Chapter L: L. L

_Epitaphs._--The following specimen of rural monumental Latin is copied from a tombstone in the churchyard of Henbury, Gloucestershire:

"Hic jacet
Requiesant in pace,
HENRICUS PARSONES.
Qui obtit XXV. die Junes,
Anno Dominii MDCCCXLV,
Aetatis suae XX.
Cujus animia proprietur Christus."

The following is from the churchyard of Kingston-Seymour, Somersetshire:

"J. H.
He was universally beloved in the circle of
His acquaintance; but united
In his death the esteem of all,
Namely, by bequeathing his remains."

J. K. R. W.

_Numbers._--We occasionally see calculations of how often a given number of persons may vary their position at a table, and each time produce a fresh arrangement. I believe the result may be arrived at by progressive multiplication, as thus:

Twice 1 2
3
---
Giving for three persons 6 changes.
4
---
Giving for four persons 24 changes.
5
---
Giving for five persons 120 changes.
6
---
Giving for six persons 720 changes,

and so on. Probably also change-ringing is governed by the same mode of calculation.

J. D. ALLCROFT.

CELTIC LANGUAGE.--As _fraus latet in generalibus_ in linguistics as in law, I beg to suggest that, instead of using the word _Celtic_, the words _Gaelic_, _Cymbric_, _Breton_, _Armorican_, _Welsh_, _Irish_, &c. might be properly appropriated. The mother Celtic is lost,--her remains are to be found only in the names of mountains, rivers, and countries; and our knowledge of this tongue is derived from an acquaintance with her two principal daughters, the Gaelic and Cymbric (=Kymric). The Gaelic tongue has been driven by Germanic invasion into Ireland (Erse), and into the Highlands of Scotland (Gaelic). The Cymbric tongue first took refuge in Belgium, known afterwards as Breton, and still lives as Welsh and Bas-Breton, which (and not the Gaelic) is nearest of kin in some words to the Latin and Italian.

To understand this subject, the profound induction of Eichhoff must be studied carefully.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

_Illustration of Longfellow_--"_God's Acre._"--Longfellow's very beautiful little poem, commencing:

"I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls
The burial-ground God's acre."

is doubtless familiar to all your readers. It may interest some of them to know, that the "ancient Saxon phrase" has not yet become obsolete. I read the words "GOTTES ACKER," when at Basle last autumn, inscribed over the entrance to a modern cemetery, just outside the St. Paul's Gate of that city.

W. SPARROW SIMPSON.

* * * * *

{493}

Queries.

JOHN LOCKE.

I shall be much obliged if any gentleman who has the power of access to the registers of Wrington, Somerset, or who may otherwise take an interest in the descent of John Locke the philosopher, will kindly assist me to prove that the parents of that eminent man were as supposed to be in the accompanying pedigree.

Edmund Keene of Wrington, = Mary, daughter of ... described as a widow,
county Somerset. | October 15, 1631. (Court Roll.)
_______________________|_________________________________
| | | : |
| | | : ... = ... Morris.
| | | : /|\
| | | :
Edmund Keene of = Frances, John. Richard Agnes Keene, = John Locke
Wrington. Yeoman.| daughter of (?). married :
Will dated | ... Locke(?). at Wrington,:
September 12, | Executrix July 15, :
1667 (in which | of her 1630. :
he mentions his | husband's will. :
"loving brother | John Locke the philosopher,
Peter Locke." | baptized August 29, 1632.
Who was he?) |
_____________|_____________________
| | | | |
Samuel John, Peter. Sarah. Mary, baptized at = John Darbie of
Keene. baptized Both baptized Wrington, February 27, Shirbourne,
: October 8, October 24, 1633, by her father's co. Dorset,
: 1635. 1639. will had lands at Mercer.
: : Wrington and Ley. (Deed, August
:________: Will dat. August 16, 16, 1676.)
| 1717. by which she
Frances Keene. = Joseph Watkins devised her estate at
(Daughter of | of Abingdon. Wrington to her niece Frances Watkins
Samuel or John?) | of Abingdon, widow, remainder to her
| son Joseph. Died November 27, 1717.
|
Joseph Watkins of Clapton, Middlesex, = Magdalen, daughter of... Gibbes.
Esq. /|\

I observe that in Chalmers' Dictionary the mother of Locke is called Anne, whereas, in the Wrington register, I am informed that it appears as Agnes,--"1630, July 15, (married) John Locke and Agnes Keene." I believe, however, that in former days Anne and Agnes were not unfrequently confounded, so that the apparent discrepancy may not be material.

The best evidence that is at present within my reach, in support of the connexion here given, is a letter from Mrs. Frances Watkins, a daughter of either Samuel or John Keene, dated "Abingdon, January, 1754," addressed to her son "Joseph Watkins, Esq., at John's Coffee House, Cornhill, London," and from which I make the following extract for the information of those who may be disposed to look into this question. She says,--

"I am allied to Mr. Lock thus: His father and my grandmother were
brother and sister, and his mother and my grandfather were also sister
and brother, consequently my father and the great Lock were doubly
first cousins. My grandfather's sister and my grandmother's brother
produced this wonder of the world. To make you more sensible of it, a
Lock married a Keen, and a Keen married a Lock. My aunt Keen was a most
beautiful woman, as was all the family; and my uncle Lock an extream
wise man. So much for genealogy. My Lord Chancellor King was allied
thus near. I forgett whether his mother was a Keen or Lock. I had this
information from my aunt Darby. Mr. Lock had no advantage in his
person, but was a very fine gentleman. From foreign Courts they used to
write, 'For John Lock, Esq., in England.'"

C. J.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

"_The Village Lawyer._"--Can you inform me who is the author of that very popular farce, _The Village Lawyer_? It was first acted about the year 1787. It has been ascribed to Mr. Macready, the father of Mr. W. C. Macready, the eminent tragedian. The real author, however, is said to have been a dissenting minister in Dublin, and I would be obliged to any of your readers who could give me his name.

SIGMA.

_Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge._--In a note in the first volume of Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of Scotland_, she remarks that Bourchier, Earl of Essex, "was near of kin to the royal family, being grand-nephew to Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward IV., but did not share the blood of the heiress of March, _Jane_ Mortimer." I quote from memory, not having the book at hand; but allowing that Jane for Anne may be a slip of the pen, or a mistake of the press, where did Miss Strickland discover any second marriage of Richard, Earl of Cambridge? All pedigrees of the royal family that I have seen agree in giving him only one wife, and in expressly stating her to be mother to Isabel, Countess of Essex.

J. S. WARDEN.

_Highland Regiment._-Can any of your Gaelic or military correspondents inform me whether it is at present the custom for the officers in the Highland regiments to wear a dirk in addition to the broadsword? Also whether the Highland regiments were ever armed with broadswords, and {494} whether their drill is different to that of the other troops of the line? I have somewhere heard it said that the 28th (an English regiment) were once armed with swords, whence their name of "The Slashers?" Is this the real origin of the name? and if not, what is? I should also like to know the origin of the custom of wearing undress _white_ shell jackets, which are now worn by the Highlanders?

ARTHUR.

_Ominous Storms._--A remark by a labouring man of this town (Grantham), which is new to me, is to the following effect. In March, and all seasons when the judges are on circuit, and when there are any criminals to be hanged, there are always winds and storms, and roaring tempests. Perhaps there are readers of "N. & Q." who have met with the same idea.

JOHN HAWKINS.

_Edward Fitzgerald_, born 17th January, 1528, son of Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, and brother of the celebrated "Silken Thomas," an ancestor of the Duke of Leinster, married Mary, daughter and heiress of Sir John Leigh of Addington, and widow of Sir Thomas Paston (called improperly Sir John). There are contradictory pedigrees of the Leigh family in the _Surrey Visitations_, _e. g._ Harl. MSS. 1147. and 5520. Could one of your correspondents oblige me with a correct pedigree of this Mary Leigh; she is sometimes called "Mabel?"

Y. S. M.

_Boyle Family._--Allow me to repeat the Query regarding Richard Boyle (Vol. vii., p. 430.). Richard Boyle, appointed Dean of Limerick 5th Feb. 1661, and Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns in 1666, died in 1682. Roger Boyle, the youngest brother of Richard, was born in 1617, and educated in Trinity College, Dublin, of which he became a Fellow. On the breaking out of the rebellion of 1641 he went to England, and having become tutor to Lord Paulet, he continued in that family till the Restoration, when he returned to Ireland, and was presented with the Rectory of Carrigaline, diocese of Cork. He was made Dean of Cork in 1662, and promoted to the Bishopric of Down and Connor 12th Sept. 1667. He was translated to Clogher, 21st September, 1672, and died 26th November, 1687. The sister of these prelates was wife to the Rev. Urban Vigors (Vol. viii., p. 340.). They were near relatives of the great Earl of Cork, and many of their descendants have been buried in his tomb, in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. I have not seen any reply to my Query about Mr. Vigors. May I ask is there any list of the chaplains of King Charles I.?

Y. S. M.

_Inn Signs._--As the subject of inns is being discussed, can any of your readers tell the origin of "The Green Man and Still?" And is there any foundation for a statement, that "the chequers" have been found on Italian wine-shops, and were imported from Egypt, having there been the emblem of Osiris.

S. A.

Oxford.

_Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets._--In "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 73., I asked for information as to the demoniacal ancestor of Henry II., confessing my own ignorance of the tradition. I received no answer, but was induced to inquire farther by a passage in the article on "A'Becket" in the _Quarterly Review_, xciii. 349.

"These words goaded the king into one of those paroxysms of fury to
which all the earlier Plantagenet princes were subject, and which was
believed by them to arise from a mixture of demoniacal blood in their
race."

The following is from Thierry, tom. iii. p. 330., Paris, 1830:

"L'on racontait d'une ancienne Comtesse d'Anjou, aieule du pere de
Henri II., que son mari ayant remarque avec effroi, qu'elle allait
rarement a l'eglise, et qu'elle en sortait toujours a la sacre de la
messe, s'avisa de l'y faire retenir de force par quatre ecuyers; mais
qu'a l'instant de la consecration, la Comtesse, jettant le manteau par
lequel on la tenait, s'etait envolee par une fenetre, et n'avait jamais
reparu. Richard de Poictiers, selon un contemporain, avait coutume de
rapporter cette aventure, et de dire a ce propos: 'Est-il etonnant que,
sortis d'une telle source, nous vivions mal, les uns avec les autres?
Ce qui provient du diable doit retourner au diable.'"

Thierry quotes _Brompton apud Scriptores Rerum Francorum_, tom. xiii. p. 215.:

"Istud Ricardus referre solebat, asserens de tali genere procedentes
sese mutuo infestent, tanquam de diabolo venientes, et ad diabolum
transeuntes."

I shall be glad of any assistance in tracing the story up or down.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

_Anglo-Saxon Graves._--The world is continually hearing now of researches in Anglo-Saxon graves. I beg to inquire whether Anglo-Saxon coins or inscriptions have been found in any of these, so as to identify them with the people to whom these interments are ascribed? or upon what other proof or authority these graves are so assigned to the Anglo-Saxons?

H. E.

_Robert Brown the Separatist._--Robert Brown the Separatist, from whom his followers were called "Brownists." Whom did he marry, and when? In the _Biog. Brit._ he is said to have been the son of Anthony Brown of Tolthorp, Rutland, Esq. (though born at Northampton, according to Mr. Collier), and grandson of Francis Brown, whom King Henry VIII., in the eighteenth year of his reign, privileged by charter to wear his {495} cap in the royal presence. He was nearly allied to the Lord Treasurer Cecil Lord Burleigh, who was his friend and powerful protector. Burleigh's aunt Joan, daughter of David Cyssel of Stamford (grandfather of the Lord Treasurer) by his second wife, married Edmund Brown. She was half-sister of Richard Cyssel of Burleigh, the Lord Treasurer's father. What connexion was there between Edmund Brown and Anthony Brown of Tolthorp?

Fuller (_Ch. Hist._, b. ix. p. 168.) says, he had a wife with whom he never lived, and a church in which he never preached. His church was in Northamptonshire, and he died in Northampton Gaol in 1630.

From 1589 to 1592 he was master of St. Olave's Grammar School in Southwark.

G. R. CORNER.

Eltham.

_Commissions issued by Charles I. at Oxford._--In Lord Campbell's _Lives of the Chancellors_, vol. ii. p. 604., it is stated that a commission was granted to Lord Keeper Littleton to raise a corps of volunteers for the royal service among the members of the legal profession, "and that the docquet of that commission remains among the instruments passed under the great seal of King Charles I. at Oxford." P. C. S. S. is very desirous to know where a list of these instruments can be consulted?

P. C. S. S.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Hogmanay._--This word, applied in Scotland to the last day of the year, is derived by Jamieson (I believe, but have not his _Dictionary_ to refer to) from the Greek [Greek: hagia mene].

Can any of your correspondents north of the Tweed, or elsewhere, give the correct source?

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

[Our correspondent is probably not aware that Brand, in his _Popular
Antiquities_, vol. i. pp. 457-461. (Bohn's edit.), has devoted a
chapter to this term. Among other conjectural etymologies he adds the
following: "We read in the _Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed_,
that it is ordinary among some plebeians in the South of Scotland to go
about from door to door on New Year's Eve, crying _Hagmena_, a
corrupted word from the Greek [Greek: agia mene] _i. e._ holy month.
John Dixon, holding forth against this custom once, in a sermon at
Kelso, says: 'Sirs, do you know what hagmane signifies? It is, _the
devil be in the house!_ that's the meaning of its _Hebrew_ original,'
p. 102. Bourne agrees in the derivation of Hagmena given in the _Scotch
Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed_. 'Angli,' says Hospinian,
'_Haleg-monath_, quasi sacrum mensem vocant.' _De Origine Ethn._, p.
81." See also an ingenious essay on Hagmena in the _Caledonian Mercury_
for Jan. 2, 1792, from which the most important parts have been
extracted by Dr. Jamieson in his art. "Hogmanay."]

_Longfellow's "Hyperion."_--Can any of your readers tell me why that magnificent work of Longfellow's, which though in prose contains more real poetry than nine-tenths of the volumes of verse now published, is called _Hyperion_?

MORDAN GILLOTT.

[Hyperion is an epithet applied to Apollo, and is used by Shakspeare,
_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 2.:

"Hyperion to a satyr."

Warburton says, "This similitude at first sight seems to be a little
far-fetched, but it has an exquisite beauty. By the satyr is meant Pan,
as by Hyperion _Apollo_. Pan and Apollo were brothers, and the allusion
is to the contention between those gods for the preference in music."
Steevens, on the other hand, believes that Shakspeare "has no allusion
in the present instance, except to the beauty of Apollo, and its
immediate opposite, the deformity of a satyr." Hyperion or Apollo is
represented in all the ancient statues as exquisitely beautiful, the
satyrs hideously ugly.]

_Sir Hugh Myddelton._--Where was Sir Hugh Myddleton buried? and has a monument been erected to his memory? I have searched several encyclopaedias and other works, but they make no mention of his place of sepulture.

Hughson, I think, states it to be St. Matthew's, Friday Street; but I believe this is not correct.

J. O. W.

[There is a statue of Sir Hugh Myddelton, by Carew, in the New Royal
Exchange. See Cunningham's _Handbook of London_, from which work we
learn (p. 327.) that "the register of St. Matthew's, Friday Street,
abounds in entries relating to the family of Sir Hugh Myddleton."
Cunningham does not mention his burial-place; but in the pedigree of
the family given in Lewis's _History of Islington_, it is stated that
he was buried in the churchyard of St. Matthew, London.]

_Sangarede._--The expression "sangarede," or "sangared," occurs in two ancient wills, one dated 1504, in which the testator bequeathed--

"To the sepulkyr lyght vi hyves of beene to pray ffor me and my wyffe
in y^e comon _sangered_."--_Lib. Fuller_, f. 70.

In the other, dated 1515, this passage occurs:

"I wyll y^t Ione my wyff here a yeere daye for me yeerly terme of her
lyfe in the church of Mendlshm, and after here decesse y^e towne of
Mendelyshm here a _sangarede_ for me and my wyfe in the church of
Mendlshm perpetually."

I should be much obliged if you or one of your correspondents could furnish me with an intimation of the meaning of the term.

LAICUS.

[Sangared, _i. e._ the chantry, or chanting, from the Saxon _sangere_,
a singer.]

_Salubrity of Hallsal, near Ormskirk, Lancashire._--Between the 19th of February and the 14th of {496} May, 1800, ten persons died in this parish whose ages, as recorded on their tombs in the order of their departure, were 74, 84, 37, 70, 84, 70, 72, 62, 80, 90. This year must have been a fatal one to old people. Can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." tell anything about the season?

W. J.

Bootle.

[The beginning of the year 1800 was unusually severe; in February, ice
covered the ground so completely, that people skaited through the
streets and roads; and in March, easterly winds prevailed with
extraordinary violence. For the verification of these facts, consult
the Meteorological diaries in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of the above
period.]

_Athens._--What is the origin of the term "violet-crowned city," as applied to Athens? Macaulay uses the expression in his _History of England_, but does not state how it was acquired.

E. A. T.

[The ancient Greeks and Romans, at their festive entertainments, wore
garlands of flowers, and the violet was the favourite of the Athenians,
than whom no people were more devoted to mirth, conviviality, and
sensual pleasure. Hence the epithet was also given to Venus, [Greek:
Kupris iostephanos], as in some verses recorded by Plutarch, in his
_Life of Solon_. Aristophanes twice applies the word to his sybarite
countrymen: _Equites_, v. 1323., and _Acarn._ i. 637.]

_James Miller._--Who was Miller, mentioned by Warburton as a writer of farces about 1735?