Chapter M: A. Balliol (1)

* * * * *

IRISH RECORDS.

It not unfrequently happens that ancient deeds and such like instruments executed in England, and relating to English families or property, are {537} to be found on record upon the rolls of Ireland. The following transcripts have been taken from the Memoranda Roll of the Irish Exchequer of the first year of Edward II.:

"Noverint universi me Johannem de Doveria Rectorem Ecclesie de
Litlington Lyncolnensis Dyocesis recepisse in Hibernia nomine domini
Roberti de Bardelby clerici subscriptas particulas pecunie per manus
subscriptorum, videlicet, per manus Johannis de Idessale dimid' marc'.
Item per manus Thome de Kancia 5 marc'. Item per manus Ade Coffyn 2
marc'. Item per manus mercatorum Friscobaldorum 10 libri una vice et
alia vice per manus eorundem mercatorum 100^s, fratre Andr' de
Donscapel de ordine minorum mediante. Item per manus Johannis de Seleby
29^s. Item de eodem Johanne alia vice 2 marc' et dimid'. Item per manus
ejusdem Johannis tertia vice tres marc' et dimid'. Item per dominum
Willielmum de Estden per manus Ricardi de Onyng 100^s. Et per manus
domini Johannis de Hothom pro negociis domini Walteri de la Haye centum
solid? De quibus particulis pecunie memorate predictum dominum Robertum
de Bardelby et ejus executores quoscumque per presentes quieto
imperpetuum. Ita tamen quod si alia littera acquietancie ab ista
littera de dictis particulis pecunie inveniatur de cetero alicubi pro
nulla cassa cancellata irrita et majus imperpetuum habeatur. In cujus
rei testimonium sigillum meum presentibus apposui. Datum apud Dublin',
28 die Februarij, anno regni regis Edwardi primo."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw.
II. m. 12. dorso.

"A toutz ceaux q' ceste p'sente l're verrount ou orrount Rauf de
Mounthermer salutz en Dieu--Sachez nous avoir ordeine estably e assigne
n're foial et loial Mons' Waut' Bluet e dan Waut' de la More, ou lun de
eaux, si ambedeux estre ne point, de vendre e n're p'fit fere de totes
les gardes e mariages es parties Dirlaunde q' escheierent en n're
temps, e de totes autres choses q'a nous aparten[=e]t de droit en celes
p'ties, e q^cunque eaux ferount p^r n're prou, co'me est susdit,
teignoms apaez e ferme e estable lavoms. En tesmoigne de quele chose a
ceste n're l're patente avoms mys n're seal. Don' a Tacstede le qu^it
jour de Octobr lan du regne le Rey Edward p^imer."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw.
II. m. 17.

"Rogerus Calkeyn de Gothurste salutem in Domino Sempiternam. Noveritis
me remisisse et quietum clamasse pro me et heredibus meis Johanni de
Yaneworth heredibus suis et assignatis, totum jus et clame[=u] quod
habui vel aliquo modo habere potui, in tenemento de Gothurste in
dominio de Cheddeworth. Ita quod nec ego nec heredes mei nec aliquis
nomine nostro, aliquid juris vel clamei in prædicto tenemento habere
vendicare poterimus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium huic presenti
scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus, Magistro Waltero de
Istelep tunc Barone domini Regis de Scaccario Dublin', Thoma de
Yaneworth, Rogero de Glen, Roberto de Bristoll, Roberto scriptore, et
aliis."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw. II. m. 30.

JAMES F. FERGUSON.

Dublin.

* * * * *

DERIVATION OF CURIOUS BOTANIC NAMES, AND ANCIENT ITALIAN KALYDOR.

The generic name of the fern _Ceterach officinarum_ is generally said to be derived from the Arabic _Chetherak_. I find however, among a list of ancient British names of plants, published in 1633 at the end of Johnson's edition of Gerard, the expression _cedor y wrach_, which means _the joined_ or _double rake_, and is exactly significant of the form of the Ceterach. The Fernrakes are joined as it were back to back; but the single prongs of the one alternate botanically with those of the other. Master Robert Dauyes, of Guissaney in Flintshire, the correspondent of Johnson, gives the name of another of the Filices (_Equisetum_) as the English equivalent of the ancient British term. But the form of this plant does not at all correspond to that signified by the Celtic words. It is not improbable, therefore, that he was wrong as respects the correct English name of the plant.

The Turkish _shetr_ or _chetr_, to cut, and _warak_, a leaf, seem to point out the meaning of the Arabic term quoted in Hooker's _Flora_ and elsewhere. Probably some of your Oriental readers will have the kindness to supply the exact English for _chetherak_.

It appears to me, however, that the transition from _cedorwrach_ to _ceterach_ is more easy, and is a more probable derivation.

Hooker and Loudon say that another generic name, _Veronica_, is of doubtful origin. In the Arabic language I find _virunika_ as the name of a plant. This word is evidently composed of _nikoo_, beautiful, and _viroo_, remembrance; viroonika. therefore means beautiful remembrance, and is but an Oriental name for a Forget-me-not, for which flower the _Veronica chamædrys_ has often been mistaken. Possibly the name may have come to us from the Spanish-Arabian vocabulary. The Spaniards call the same plant _veronica_. They use this word to signify the representation of our Saviour's face on a handkerchief. When Christ was bearing his cross, a young woman, the legend says, wiped his face with her handkerchief, which thenceforth retained the divine likeness.[1]

The feminine name _Veronica_ is of course the Latin form of [Greek: Pheronikê], victory-bearer (of which Berenice is the Macedonian and Latin construction), and is plainly, thus derived, inappropriate as the designation of a little azure wild flower which, like loving eyes, greets us everywhere.

In looking over Martin Mathée's notes on _Dioscorides_, published 1553, I find that Italian women of his time used to make a cosmetic of the root of the _Arum_, commonly called "Lords and Ladies." The mixture, he says, makes the skin wondrously {538} white and shining, and is called _gersa_. ("_Ils font des racines d'Aron de l'eaue et de lexive_," &c., tom. v. p. 98.)

HUGHES FRASER HALLE, LL.D.

South Lambeth.

[Footnote 1: [See "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., pp. 199. 252. 304.]]

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Forensic Jocularities._--The epigram on "Four Lawyers," given in Vol. ix., p. 103. of "N. & Q.," has recalled to my recollection one intended to characterise four worthies of the past generation, which I heard some thirty years since, and which I send for preservation among other flies in your amber. It is supposed to record the history of a case:

"Mr. Leech
Made a speech,
Neat, concise, and strong;
Mr. Hart,
On the other part,
Was wordy, dull, and wrong.
Mr. Parker
Made it darker;
'Twas dark enough without.
Mr. Cooke,
Cited his book;
And the Chancellor said--I doubt."

--a picture of Chancery practice in the days "when George III. was king," which some future Macaulay of the twenty-first or twenty-second century, when seeking to reproduce in his vivid pages the form and _pressure_ of the time, may cite from "N. & Q." without risk of leading his readers to any very inaccurate conclusions.

T. A. T.

Florence.

_Ridley's University._--The author of _The Bible in many Tongues_ (a little work on the history of the Bible and its translations, lately published by the Religious Tract Society, and calculated to be useful), informs us that Ridley "tells us incidentally," in his farewell letter, that he learned nearly the whole of St. Paul's Epistles "in the course of his solitary walks at Oxford." What Ridley tells us directly in his "Farewell" to Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, is as follows:

"In my orchard (the walls, butts, and trees, if they could speak, would
bear me witness) I learned without book almost all Paul's Epistles;
yea, and I ween all the canonical epistles, save only the Apocalypse."

ABHBA.

_Marvellous, if true._--

"This same Duc de Lauragnois had a wife to whom he was tenderly
attached. She died of consumption. Her remains were not interred; but
were, by some chemical process, reduced to a sort of small stone, which
was set in a ring which the Duke always wore on his finger. After this,
who will say that the eighteenth century was not a romantic
age?"--_Memoirs of the Empress Josephine_, vol. ii. p. 162.: London,
1829.

E. H. A.

_Progress of the War._--One is reminded at the present time of the satirical verses with reference to the slow progress of business in the National Assembly at the first French Revolution, which were as follows:

"Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,
Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, midi;
Allons-nous diner, mes amis!
Allons-nous," &c.

"Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,
Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, minuit;
Allons-nous coucher, c'est mon avis!
Allons-nous coucher," &c.

Which may be thus imitated in our language:

"One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,
Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,
Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven o'clock, noon;
Let's go to dinner, 'tis none too soon!
Let's go to dinner," &c.

"One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,
Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,
Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven, midnight;
Let's go to bed, 'tis all very right!
Let's go to bed," &c.

F. C. H.

_Hatherleigh Moor, Devonshire._--I copy the following from an old Devonshire newspaper, and should be obliged if any of your correspondents can authenticate the circumstances commemorated:

"When John O'Gaunt laid the foundation stone
Of the church he built by the river;
Then Hatherleigh was poor as Hatherleigh Moor,
And so it had been for ever and ever.
When John O'Gaunt saw the people were poor,
He taught them this chaunt by the river;
The people are poor as Hatherleigh Moor,
And so they have been for ever and ever.
When John O'Gaunt he made his last will,
Which he penn'd by the side of the river,
Then Hatherleigh Moor he gave to the poor,
And so it shall be for ever and ever."

The above lines are stated to have been found "written in an ancient hand."

BALLIOLENSIS.

_Cromwellian Gloves._--The _Cambridge Chronicle_ of May 6, says that there is in the possession of Mr. Chas. Martin, of Fordham, a pair of gloves, reputed to have been worn by Oliver Cromwell. They are made of strong beaver, richly fringed with heavy drab silk fringe, and reach half way between the wrist and the elbow. They were for a long time in the possession of a family at Huntingdon. There is an inscription on the inside, bearing the name of Cromwell; but the date is nearly obliterated.

P. J. F. GANTILLON.

{539}

_Restall._--In the curious old church book of the Abbey Parish, Shrewsbury, the word _restall_ occurs as connected with burials in the interior of the church. I cannot find this word in any dictionary to which I have access. Can the readers of "N. & Q." explain its meaning and origin, and supply instances and illustrations of its use elsewhere? I subjoin the following notes of entries in which the word occurs:

"1566. Received for restall and knyll.

1577. Received for buryalls in the church, viz.

Itm. for a restall of Jane Powell for her gra^d mother, vijs. viijd."

1593. The word is now altered to "lastiall," and so continues to be written till April 29, 1621, when it is written "restiall," which continues to be its orthography until 1645, when it ceases to be used altogether, and "burials in the church" are alone spoken of.

PRIOR ROBERT OF SALOP.

* * * * *

Queries.

SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.

(_Continued from_ p. 514.)

In a previous communication, fighting under the shield of a great authority, I attempted to prove that the effigies of the mediæval tombs presented the semblance of death--death in grandeur, mortality as the populace were accustomed to behold it, paraded in sad procession through the streets, and dignified in their temples. The character of the costume bears additional testimony to their supposed origin, and strongly warrants this conclusion. It is highly improbable that the statuaries of that age would clothe the expiring ecclesiastic in his sacerdotal robes, case the dying warrior in complete steel, and deck out other languishing mortals in their richest apparel, placing a lion or a dog, and such like crests or emblems, beneath their feet. They were far too matter-of-fact to treat a death-bed scene so poetically. The corpse however, when laid in state, _was_ arrayed in the official or the worthiest dress, and these heraldic appurtenances _did_ occupy that situation. Thus in 1852 were the veritable remains of Prince Paul of Wurtemburg, in full regimentals and decorated with honours, publicly exhibited in the Chapelle Ardente at Paris (_Illustrated London News_, vol. xx. p. 316.). Unimaginative critics exclaim loudly against the anomaly of a lifeless body, or a dying Christian, being thus dressed in finery, or covered with cumbrous armour; and such would have been the case in former days had not the people been so familiarised with this solemn spectacle. In an illumination in Froissart we have the funeral of Richard II., where the body is placed upon a simple car attired in regal robes, a crown being on the head, and the arms crossed. We are informed that "the body of the effigies of Oliver Cromwell lay upon a bed of state covered with a large pall of black velvet, and that at the feet of the effigies stood his crest, according to the custom of ancient monuments." The chronicler might, perhaps, have said with more propriety "in accordance with tradition;" cause and effect, original and copy, being here reversed.

"In a magnificent manner (he proceeds) the effigies was carried to the
east end of Westminster Abbey, and placed in a noble structure, which
was raised on purpose to receive it. It remained some time exposed to
public view, the corpse having been some days before interred in Henry
VII.'s Chapel."

In the account of the funeral obsequies of General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, in 1670, the writer says:

"Wren has acquitted himself so well, that the hearse, now that the
effigy has been placed upon it, and surrounded by the banners and
bannerols, is a striking and conspicuous object in the old abbey. It is
supported by four great pillars, and rises in the centre in the shape
of a dome."

It is here also worthy of note, that Horncastle Church affords a curious example of the principle of a double representation--one in life, and the other in death; before alluded to in the Italian monuments, and in that of Aylmer de Valence. On a mural brass (1519), Sir Lionel Dymock kneels in the act of prayer; and on another plate covering the grave below, the body is delineated wrapt in a shroud--beyond all controversy dead.

Mr. Markland, in his useful work, mentions "the steel-clad sires, and mothers mild _reposing_ on their marble tombs;" and borrows from another archæologist an admirable description of the chapel of Edward the Confessor, who declares that "a more august spectacle can hardly be conceived, so many renowned sovereigns _sleeping_ round the shrine of an older sovereign, the holiest of his line." It can only be the sleep of death, and this the sentiment conveyed: "These all died in faith." The subjects of this disquisition are not lounging in disrespectful supplication, nor wrapt in sleep enjoying pious dreams, nor stretched on a bed of mortal sickness: but the soul, having winged its way from sin and suffering, has left its tenement with the beams of hope yet lingering on the face, and the holy hands still refusing to relax their final effort. Impossible as this may seem to calculating minds, it is nevertheless one of the commonest of the authorised and customary modes designed to signify the faith, penitence, and peace attendant on a happy end.

C. T.

{540}

* * * * *

"ES TU SCOLARIS."

Allow me through your pages to ask some of your correspondents for information respecting an old and very curious book, which I picked up the other day. It is a thin _unpaged_ octavo of twelve leaves, in black-letter type, without printer's name or date; but a pencil-note at the bottom of a quaint woodcut, representing a teacher and scholars, gives a date 1470! And in style of type, abbreviations, &c., it seems evidently of about the same age with another book which I bought at the same time, and which bears date as printed at "Padua, 1484."

The book about which I inquire bears the title _Es tu Scolaris_, and is a Latin-German or Dutch grammar, of a most curious and primitive character, proving very manifestly that when William Lilly gave to the world the old _Powle's Grammar_, it was not before such a work was needed. A few extracts from my book will give some idea of the erudition and etymological profundity of the "learned Theban" who compiled this guide to the Temple of Learning, which, if they do not instruct, will certainly amuse your readers. I should premise that the contractions and abbreviations in the printing of the book are so numerous and arbitrary, that it is extremely difficult to read, and that this style of printing condenses the subject-matter so much, that the twelve leaves would, in modern typography, extend to twenty or thirty. The book commences in the interrogatory style, in the words of its title, _Es tu Scolaris?_--"_Sum._" It then proceeds to ring the changes on this word "_sum_," what part of speech, what kind of verb, &c.; and setting it down as _verbum anormalium_, goes on to enumerate the anormalous verbs in this verse,--

"Sum, volo, fero, atque edo,
Tot et anormala credo."

Now begins the curious lore of the volume:

"_Q._ Unde derivatur _sum_?

_A._ Derivatur a greca dictione, _hemi_ ([Greek: emi]); mutando _h_ in
_s_ et _e_ in _u_, et deponendo _i_, _sic habes sum_!"

I dare say this process of derivation will be new to your classical readers, but as we proceed, they will say, "Foregad this is more exquisite fooling still."

"_Q._ Unde derivatur _volo_?

_A._ Derivatur a _beniamin_ (sic pro [Greek: boulomai]) grece; mutando
_ben_ in _vo_ et _iamin_ in _lo_, sic habes _volo_. Versus

Est _volo_ formatum
A _beniamin_, bene vocatum.

_Q._ Unde derivatur _fero_?

_A._ Dicitur a _phoos_! grece; mutando _pho_ in _fe_ et _os_ in _ro_,
sic habes _fero_!

_Q._ Unde derivatur _edo_?

_A._ A _phagin_, grece; mutando _pha_ in _e_ et _gin_ in _do_, sic
habes _edo_!"

Here be news for etymologists, and proofs, moreover, that when some of the zealous antagonists of Martin Luther in the next century denounced "Heathen Greek" as a diabolical _invention_ of his, there was little in the grammar knowledge of the day to contradict the accusation.

But we have not yet exhausted the wonders and virtues of the word _sum_; the grammar lesson goes on to ask,--

"_Q._ Quare _sum_ non desinit in _o_ nec in _or_?

_A._ Ad habendum, _d[=r][=n]am_[2] [I cannot expand this contraction,
though from the context it means a mark or token], dignitatis sue
respectu aliorum verborum.

_Q._ Declara hoc, et quomodo?

_A._ Quia per _sum_ intelligitur Trinitas, cum tres habeat litteras,
scl. _s_. _u_. et _m_. Etiam illud verbum sum, quamvis de omnibus dici
valeat, tamen de Deo et Trinitate proprie dicitur.

_Q._ Quare _sum_ potius terminatur in _m_ quam in _n_?

_A._ Quia proprie _m_ rursus intelligitur Trinitas, cum illa littera
_m_, tria habet puncta."

I shall feel much obliged for any particulars about this literary curiosity which you or any of your correspondents can give.

A. B. R.

Belmont.

[Footnote 2: [Drnam stands for differentiam.]]

* * * * *

ON A DIGEST OF CRITICAL READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE.

With reference to this subject, which has been so frequently discussed in your columns, daily experience convincing me still farther in the opinion that the complete performance of the task is impracticable, would you kindly allow me to ask what can be done in the now acknowledged case of frequent occurrence, where different copies of the folios and quartos vary in passages in the very same impression? What copies are to be taken as the groundworks of reference; and whose copy of the first folio is to be the standard one? Mr. Knight may give one reading as that of the edition of 1623, and Mr. Singer may offer another from the same work, while the author of the "critical digest" may give a third, and all of them correct in the mere fact that such readings are really those of the first edition. Thus, in respect to a passage in _Measure for Measure_,--

"For thy own bowels, which do call thee _sire_,"--

it has been stated in your columns that one copy of the second folio has this correct reading, whereas every copy I have met with reads _fire_; and so likewise the first and third folios. Then, again, in reference to this same line, Mr. Collier, in his Shakspeare, vol. ii. p. 48., says that the folio edition of 1685 also reads _fire_ for _sire_; but in my copy of the fourth folio it is distinctly printed _sire_, and the comma before the word very {541} properly omitted. It would be curious to ascertain whether any other copies of this folio read _fire_.

J. O. HALLIWELL.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

"_Original Poems._"--There is a volume of poetry by a lady, published under the following title, _Original Poems, on several occasions_, by C. R., 4to., 1769. Can you inform me whether these poems are likely to have been written by Miss Clara Reeve, authoress of _The Old English Baron_, and other novels? I have seen at least one specimen of this lady's poetry in one of the volumes of Mr. Pratt's _Gleaner_.

SIGMA.

_A Bristol Compliment._--A present made of an article that you do not care about keeping yourself is called "A Bristol Compliment." What is the origin of the phrase?

HAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR.

_French or Flemish Arms._--What family (probably French or Flemish) bears Azure, in chief three mullets argent; in point a ducal coronet or; in base a sheep proper crowned with a ducal coronet or.

PENN.

_Precedence._--Will any of your correspondents assign the order of precedence of officers in army or navy (having no decoration, knighthood, or companionship of any order of knighthood), not as respects each other, but as respects civilians? I apprehend that every commission is addressed to the bearer, embodying a civil title, as _e.g._, "John Smith, Esquire," or as we see ensigns gazetted, "A. B., Gent." My impression therefore is, that in a mixed company of civilians, &c., no officer is entitled to take rank higher than the _civil_ title incorporated in his commission would imply, apart from his grade in the service to which he belongs. On this point I should be obliged by any notices which your correspondents may supply; as also by a classification in order of precedence of the ranks which I here set down alphabetically: barristers, doctors (in divinity, law, medicine), esquires, queen's counsel, serjeants-at-law.

It may be objected that esquire, ecuyer, armiger, is originally a military title, but by usage it has been appropriated to civilians.

SUUM CUIQUE.

"[Greek: Sphidê]."--The meaning of this word is wanted. It is not in Stephens' _Thesaurus_. It occurs in Eichhoff's _Vergleichung der Sprachen Europa und Indien_, p. 234.:

"Sanscrit _bhid_, schneiden, brechen; Gr. [Greek: phazô]; Lat. fido,
findo, fodio; Fr. fends; Lithuan., fouis; Deut. beisse; Eng. bite" [to
which Kaltschmidt adds, beissen, speisen, fasten, Futter, Butter, Mund,
bitter, mästen, feist, Weide, Wiese, Matte]; "Sans. bhidâ, bhid,
Spaltung, Faser; Gr. [Greek: sphidê], Lat. fidis; Sans. bhittis,
graben; Lat. fossa; Sans. bhaittar, zerschneider; Lat. fossor."

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

_Print of the Dublin Volunteers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me when, and where, and by whom, the well-known print of "The Volunteers of the City and County of Dublin, as they met on College Green, the 4th day of Nov., 1779," was republished? An original copy is not easily procured.

ABHBA.

_John Ogden._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." furnish an account of the services rendered by John Ogden, Esq., to King Charles I. of England? The following is in the possession of the inquirer:

"Ogden's Arms, granted to John Ogden, Esq., by King Charles II., for
his faithful services to his unfortunate father, Charles I.

"Shield, Girony of eight pieces, argent and gules; in dexter chief an
oak branch, fructed ppr.

"Crest, Oak tree ppr. Lion rampant against the tree.

"Motto, Et si ostendo, non jacto."

OAKDEN.

_Columbarium in a Church Tower._--At Collingbourne Ducis, near Marlborough, I have been told that the interior of the church tower was constructed originally to serve as a columbarium. Can this really be the object of the peculiar masonry, what is the date of the tower, and can a similar instance be adduced? It is said that the niches are not formed merely by the omission of stones, but that they have been carefully widened from the opening. Are there any ledges for birds to alight on, or any peculiar openings by which they might enter the tower?

J. W. HEWETT.

_George Herbert._--Will any one of your correspondents, skilled in solving enigmas, kindly give me an exposition of this short poem of George Herbert's? It is entitled--

"HOPE.

"I gave to Hope a watch of mine; but he
An anchor gave to me.
Then an old prayer-book I did present,
And he an optic sent.
With that, I gave a phial full of tears;
But he a few green ears.
Ah, loiterer! I'll no more, no more I'll bring;
I did expect a ring."

G. D.

_Apparition which preceded the Fire of London._--An account of the apparition which predicted the Great Fire of London two months before it took place, or a reference to the book in which it may be found, will oblige

IGNIPETUS.

{542}

_Holy Thursday Rain-water._--In the parish of Marston St. Lawrence, Northamptonshire, there is a notion very prevalent, that rain-water collected on Holy Thursday is of powerful efficacy in all diseases of the _eye_. Ascension-day of the present year was very favourable in this respect to these village oculists, and numbers of the cottagers might be seen in all directions collecting the precious drops as they fell. Is it known whether this curious custom prevails elsewhere? and what is supposed to be the origin of it?

ANON.

_Freemasonry._--A (Hamburg) paper, _Der Freischütz_, brings in its No. 27. the following:

"The great English Lodge of this town will initiate in a few days two
deaf and dumb persons; a very rare occurrence."

And says farther in No. 31.:

"With reference to our notice in No. 27., we farther learned that on
the 4th of March, two brethren, one of them deaf and dumb, have been
initiated in the great English Lodge; the knowledge of the language,
without its pronunciation, has been cultivated by them to a remarkable
degree, so that with noting the motion of the lips they do not miss a
single word. The ceremony of initiation was the most affecting for all
present."

Query 1. Would deaf and dumb persons in England be eligible as members of the order? 2. Have similar cases to the above ever occurred in this country?

J. W. S. D. 874.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Lewis's "Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester."_--Can you inform me who was the editor of

"Memoirs of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, from his birth,
July the 24th, 1689, to October 1697: from an original Tract written by
Jenkin Lewis. Printed for the Editor, and sold by Messrs. Payne, &c.,
London: and Messrs. Prince & Cooke, and J. Fletcher, Oxford, 1789."

In a rare copy of this volume now before me, it is attributed by a pencil-note to the editorship of Dr. Philip Hayes, who was organist of Magdalen College Chapel, Oxford, from 1777 to 1797. I should be glad to learn on what authority this could be stated. I am anxious also to know the names of any authors who have published books respecting the life, reign, or times of King William III.?

J. R. B.

Oxford.

[Some of our readers will probably be able to authenticate the
editorship of Jenkin Lewis' _Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester_. The
following works on the reign of William III. may be consulted among
others: Walter Harris's _History of the Reign of William III._, fol.,
1749; _The History of the Prince of Orange and the Ancient History of
Nassau_, 8vo., 1688; _An Historical Account of the Memorable Actions of
the Prince of Orange_, 12mo., 1689; _History of William III._, 3 vols.
8vo., 1702; _Life of William III._, 18mo., 1702; another, 8vo., 1703;
_The History of the Life and Reign of William III._, Dublin, 4 vols.
12mo., 1747; Vernon's _Letters of the Reign of William III._, edited by
G. P. R. James, 3 vols. 8vo., 1841; Paul Grimbolt's _Letters of William
III. and Louis XIV._ Consult also Watt and Lowndes' _Bibliographical
Dictionaries_, art. WILLIAM III.; and _Catalogue of the London
Institution_, vol. i. p. 292.]

_Apocryphal Works._--Can you inform me where I can procure an English version of the _Book of Enoch_, so often quoted by Mackay in his admirable work _The Progress of the Human Intellect_? Also the _Epistle of Barnabas_, and the _Spurious Gospels_?

W. S.

Cleveland Bridge, Bath.

[_The Book of Enoch_, edited by Archbishop Laurence, and printed at
Oxford, has passed through several editions.--_The Catholic Epistle of
St. Barnabas_ is included among Archbishop Wake's _Genuine Epistles of
the Apostolical Fathers_.--"The Spurious Gospels" will probably be
found in _The Apocryphal New Testament_; being all the Gospels,
Epistles, and other Pieces now extant, attributed in the first four
Centuries to Jesus Christ, his Apostles, and their Companions, and not
included in the New Testament by its compilers: London, 8vo., 1820; 2nd
edition, 1821. Anonymous, but edited by William Hone.]

_Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouché._--Can any of your correspondents tell me which are the best Lives of three of the most remarkable men who figured in the age of the French Revolution, viz. Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouché? If there are English translations of these works? and also if there is any collection of the fierce philippics of Mirabeau?

KENNEDY MCNAB.

[Mirabeau left a natural son, Lucas Montigny, who published _Memoirs of
Mirabeau, Biographical, Literary, and Political_, by Himself, his
Uncle, and his adopted Child, 4 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1835.--_Memoirs of
C. M. Talleyrand_, 2 vols. 12mo., Lond., 1805. Also his _Life_, 4 vols.
8vo., Lond., 1834.--_Memoirs of Joseph Fouché_, translated from the
French, 2 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1825.]

_"The Turks in Europe," and "Austria as It Is."_--I possess an 8vo. volume consisting of two anonymous publications, which appeared in London in 1828, one entitled _The Establishment of the Turks in Europe, an Historical Discourse_, and the other _Austria as It Is, or Sketches of Continental Courts_, by an Eye-witness. Can you give me the names of the authors?

ABHBA.

[_The Turks in Europe_ is by Lord John Russell: but the author of
_Austria as It Is_, we cannot discover; he was a native of the Austrian
Empire.]

"_Forgive, blest Shade._"--Where were the lines, commencing "Forgive, blest shade," first {543} published? I believe it was upon a mural tablet on the chancel wall of a small village church in Dorsetshire (Wyke Regis); but I have seen it quoted as from a monument in some church in the Isle of Wight.

The tablet at Wyke, in Dorset, was erected anonymously, in the night-time, upon the east end of the chancel outer wall; but whether they were _original_, or copied from some prior monumental inscription, I do not know, and should feel much obliged could any of your readers inform me.

S. S. M.

[Snow, in his _Sepulchral Gleanings_, p. 44., notices these lines on
the tomb of Robert Scott, who died in March, 1806, in Bethnal Green
Churchyard. Prefixed to them is the following line: "The grief of a
fond mother, and the disappointed hope of an indulgent father." Our
correspondent should have given the date of the Wyke tablet.]

_"Off with his head," &c._--Who was the author of the often-quoted line--

"Off with his head! so much for Buckingham!"

which is not in Shakspeare's _Richard III._?

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

[Colley Cibber is the author of this line. It occurs in _The Tragical
History of Richard III._, altered from Shakspeare, Act IV., near the
end.]

"_Peter Wilkins._"--Who wrote this book? and when was it published?

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

[This work first appeared in 1750, and in its brief title is comprised
all that is known--all that the curiosity of an inquisitive age can
discover--of the history of the work, and name and lineage of the
author. It is entitled _The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins, a
Cornish Man_. Taken from his own Mouth, in his Passage to England, from
off Cape Horn in America, in the ship Hector. By R. S., a passenger in
the Hector; Lond. 1750, 2 vols. The dedication is signed R. P. "To
suppose the unknown author," remarks a writer in the _Retrospective
Review_, vol. vii. p. 121., "to have been insensible to, or careless
about, the fair fame to which a work, original in its conception, and
almost unique in purity, did justly entitle him, is to suppose him to
have been exempt from the influence of that universal feeling, which is
ever deepest in the noblest bosoms; the ardent desire of being long
remembered after death--of shining bright in the eyes of their
cotemporaries, and, when their sun is set, of leaving behind a train of
glory in the heavens, for posterity to contemplate with love and
veneration."]

_The Barmecides' Feast._--Can you tell me where the story of the Barmecides and their famed banquets is to be found?

J. D.

[In _The Thousand and One Nights_, commonly called _The Arabian Nights'
Entertainments_, Lane's edition, chap. v. vol. i. p. 410. Consult also
_The Barmecides_, 1778, by John Francis de la Harpe; and Moreri,
_Dictionnaire Historique_, art. Barmécides.]

_Captain._--I shall feel greatly obliged by your informing me the proper and customary manner of rendering in a Latin epitaph the words "Captain of the 29th Regiment." Ainsworth does not give any word which appears to answer to "Captain." _Ordinum ductor_ is cumbrous and inelegant.

CLERICUS.

[The words, "Captain of the 29th Regiment," may be thus rendered into
Latin: "Centurio sive Capitanus vicesimæ nonæ cohortis." The word
_capitanus_, though not Ciceronian, was in general use for a military
captain during the Middle Ages, as appears from Du Cange's _Glossary_:
"Item vos armati et congregati quendam de vobis in _capitaneum_
elegistis."]

* * * * *

Replies.

COLERIDGE'S UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS.

(Vol. ix., p. 496.)

In an article contained in the Number of "N. & Q." for May the 27th last, and signed C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, an inconsiderate, not to say a coarse attack has been made upon me, which might have been spared had the writer sought a private explanation of the matters upon which he has founded his charge.

He asks, "How has Mr. Green discharged the duties of his solemn trust? Has he made any attempt to give publicity to the _Logic_, the 'great work' on _Philosophy_, the work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The Assertion of Religion_, or the _History of Philosophy_, all of which are in his custody, and of which the first is, on the testimony of Coleridge himself, a finished work?... For the four works enumerated above, Mr. Green is responsible."

Now, though, by the terms of Coleridge's will, I do not hold myself "responsible" in the sense which the writer attaches to the term, and though I have acted throughout with the cognizance, and I believe with the approbation of Coleridge's family, yet I am willing, and shall now proceed to give such explanations as an admirer of Coleridge's writings may desire, or think he has a right to expect.

Of the four works in question, the _Logic_--as will be seen by turning to the passage in the Letters, vol. ii. p. 150., to which the writer refers as "the testimony of Coleridge himself"--is described as _nearly_ ready for the press, though as yet _unfinished_; and I apprehend it may be proved by reference to Mr. Stutfield's notes, the gentleman to whom it is there said they were dictated, and who possesses the original copy, that the work never was finished. Of the three parts mentioned as the components of {544} the work, the _Criterion_ and _Organon_ do not to my knowledge exist; and with regard to the other parts of the manuscript, including the _Canon_, I believe that I have exercised a sound discretion in not publishing them in their present form and _unfinished_ state.

Of the alleged work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The Assertion of Religion_, I have no knowledge. There exist, doubtless, in Coleridge's handwriting, many notes, detached fragments and marginalia, which contain criticisms on the Scriptures. Many of these have been published, some have lost their interest by the recent advances in biblical criticism, and some may hereafter appear; though, as many of them were evidently not intended for publication, they await a final judgment with respect to the time, form, and occasion of their appearance. But no work with the title above stated, no work with any similar object--except the _Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit_--is, as far as I know, in existence.

The work to which I suppose the writer alludes as the _History of Philosophy_, is in my possession. It was presented to me by the late J. Hookham Frere, and consists of notes, taken for him by an eminent shorthand writer, of the course of lectures delivered by Coleridge on that subject. Unfortunately, however, these notes are wholly unfit for publication, as indeed may be inferred from the fact, communicated to me by Coleridge, that the person employed confessed after the first lecture that he was unable to follow the lecturer in consequence of becoming perplexed and delayed by the novelty of thought and language, for which he was wholly unprepared by the ordinary exercise of his art. If this _History of Philosophy_ is to be published in an intelligible form, it will require to be re-written; and I would willingly undertake the task, had I not, in connexion with Coleridge's views, other and more pressing objects to accomplish.

I come now to the fourth work, the "great work" on _Philosophy_. Touching this the writer quotes from one of Coleridge's letters:

"Of this work something more than a volume has been dictated by me, so
as to exist fit for the press."

I need not here ask whether the conclusion is correct, that because "something more than a volume" is fit for the press, I am therefore responsible for the whole work, of which the "something more than a volume" is a part? But--shaping my answer with reference to the real point at issue--I have to state, for the information of Coleridge's readers, that, although in the materials for the volume there are introductions and intercalations on subjects of speculative interest, such as to entitle them to appear in print, the main portion of the work is a philosophical _Cosmogony_, which I fear is scarcely adapted for scientific readers, or corresponds to the requirements of modern science. At all events, I do not hesitate to say that the completion of the whole would be requisite for the intelligibility of the part which exists in manuscript.

I leave it then to any candid person to decide whether I should have acted wisely in risking its committal to the press in its present shape. Whatever may be, however, the opinion of others, I have decided, according to my own conscientious conviction of the issue, against the experiment.

But should some farther explanation be expected of me on this interesting topic, I will freely own that, having enjoyed the high privilege of communion with one of the most enlightened philosophers of the age--and in accordance with his wishes the responsibility rests with me, as far as my ability extends, of completing his labours,--in pursuance of this trust I have devoted more than the leisure of a life to a work in which I hope to present the philosophic views of my "great master" in a systematic form of unity--in a form which may best concentrate to a focus and principle of unity the light diffused in his writings, and which may again reflect it on all departments of human knowledge, so that truths may become intelligible in the one light of Divine truth.

Meanwhile I can assure the friends and admirers of Coleridge that nothing now exists in manuscript which would add materially to the elucidation of his philosophical doctrines; and that in any farther publication of his literary remains I shall be guided, as I have been, by the duty which I owe to the memory and fame of my revered teacher.

JOSEPH HENRY GREEN.

Hadley.

* * * * *

KING JAMES'S IRISH ARMY LIST, 1689.

(Vol. ix., pp. 30, 31. 401.)

I was much pleased at MR. D'ALTON'S announcement of his work; and I should have responded to it sooner, if I could have had any idea that he did not possess King's _State of the Protestants in Ireland_; but his inquiry about Colonel Sheldon, in Vol. ix., p. 401., shows that he has not consulted that work, where (p. 341.) he will find that Dominick Sheldon was "Lieutenant-General of the Horse." But after the enumeration of the General Staff, there follows a list of the field officers of eight regiments of horse, seven of dragoons, and fifty of infantry. In Tyrconnel's regiment of horse, Dominick Sheldon appears as lieutenant-colonel. This must have been, I suppose, a Sheldon junior, son or nephew of the lieutenant-general of horse. This reference to King's work has suggested to me an idea which I venture to suggest to MR. D'ALTON as a preliminary to the larger work on Irish family genealogies which he is about, and for which we shall {545} have I fear to wait too long. I mean an immediate reprint (in a separate shape) of the several lists of gentlemen of both parties which are given in King's work. This might be done with very little trouble, and, I think, without any pecuniary loss, if not with actual profit. It would be little more than pamphlet size. The first and most important list would be of the names and designations of all the persons included in the acts of attainder passed in King James's Irish Parliament of May, 1689. They are, I think, about two thousand names, with their residences and personal designations; and it is interesting to find that a great many of the same families are still seated in the same places. These names I think I should place alphabetically in one list, with their designations and residences; and any short notes that MR. D'ALTON might think necessary to correct clerical error, or explain doubtful names: longer notes would perhaps lead too far into family history for the limited object I propose.

In a second list, I would give the names of King James's parliament, privy council, army, civil and judicial departments, as we find them in King, adding to them an alphabetical index of names. The whole would then exhibit a synopsis of the names, residences, and politics of a considerable portion of the gentry of Ireland at that important period.

C.

* * * * *

BARRELL'S REGIMENT.

(Vol. ix., pp. 63. 159.)

Your correspondent H. B. C. is undoubtedly correct in his statement that "Ten times a day whip the Barrels," is a regimental parody on the song "He that has the best Wife," sung in Charles Coffey's musical farce of _The Devil to Pay_, published in 1731. Popular songs have been made the subject of political or personal parodies from time immemorial; and no more fruitful locality for parodies can be found than a barrack, where the individual traits of character are so fully developed, and afford so full a scope to the talents of a satirist. Indeed, I knew an officer, who has recently retired from the service, who seized on every popular ballad, and parodied it, in connexion with regimental affairs, to the delight of his brother officers; and in many instances his parodies were far more witty than the original comic songs whence they were taken.

As regards the regiment known as Barrell's, at the period assigned as the date of the song relative to that corps, _i. e._ circa 1747, there can be no doubt as to what corps is alluded to. Barrell's regiment, now the 4th, or King's Own, regiment of infantry, is the only corps that was ever known in the British army as Barrell's; for although Colonel William Barrell was colonel of the present 28th regiment from Sept. 27, 1715, to August 25, 1730, and of the present 22nd regiment from the latter date to August 8, 1734, yet neither of these regiments appears to have seen any war-service during the periods that they were commanded by him, or to have been known in military history as Barrell's regiments. He was appointed to the 4th regiment of infantry August 8, 1734, and retained the command of that distinguished corps exactly fifteen years, for he died August 9, 1749. While he commanded the regiment it embarked for Flanders, and served the campaign of 1744, under Field-Marshal Wade. It remained in Flanders until the rebellion broke out in Scotland, when it returned to England, and marched from Newcastle-on-Tyne to Scotland in January, 1746, arriving on the 10th of that month at Edinburgh. The regiment was engaged at the battle of Falkirk, Jan. 17, 1746, where its conduct is thus noticed in the _General Advertiser_: "The regiments which distinguished themselves were Barrell's (King's Own), and Ligonier's foot." Ligonier's regiment is now the glorious 48th regiment, of Albuera fame.

At the battle of Culloden Barrell's regiment gained the greatest reputation imaginable; the battle was so desperate that the soldiers' bayonets were stained with blood to the muzzles of their muskets; there was scarce an officer or soldier of the regiment, and of that part of Munro's (now 37th regiment) which engaged the rebels, that did not kill one or two men each with their bayonets. (_Particulars of the Battle_, published 1746.) Now it will be remembered that your correspondent E. H., Vol. ix., p. 159., represents a drummer of the regiment interceding with the colonel for the prisoner, by stating that "he behaved well at Culloden." And this leads me to the question, Who was the colonel against whom this caricature was directed? It is proved ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 242.) that regiments were known by the names of their _colonels_, whether commanded personally by the colonel or not, until July 1, 1751, and indeed for several subsequent years.

Now the reference to Culloden renders it probable that the colonel appealed to was present at that battle, and perhaps an eye-witness of the personal bravery on that occasion of the soldier who was subsequently flogged. But although Colonel Barrell _retained_ the colonelcy of the 4th Infantry until August, 1749, yet he was promoted to major-general in 1735, after which time he would have commanded a _division_, not a _regiment_. In 1739 he was farther promoted to lieut.-general, and appointed the same year Governor of Pendennis Castle, which office would necessarily remove him from the personal command of his regiment. He was not present at the battle of Culloden, April 16, 1746, where his regiment was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Robert {546} Rich, who was wounded on that occasion. As to the epithet of "Colonel," used by the drummer, that term is always used in conversation when addressing a lieutenant-colonel, or even a brevet lieutenant-colonel, and its use only proves, therefore, that the officer in command of the parade held a higher rank than major. After Culloden, the 4th regiment moved to the Highlands, and in 1747 returned to Stirling. In 1749 General Barrell died, and the colonelcy of the regiment was given to Lieut.-Colonel Rich, whom I suspect to be the officer alluded to in the caricature. I have searched the military records of the 4th regiment, but can find no mention of the places at which it was stationed from 1747 to 1754, in the spring of which year it embarked from Great Britain for the Mediterranean, just as it is now doing in the spring of 1854. I am inclined to fix the date of the print as 1749 (not 1747), when "Old Scourge" _returned_ to his regiment as colonel, at the decease of General Barrell. Colonel Rich was not promoted to major-general until Jan. 17, 1758, and his commission as colonel is dated Aug. 22, 1749, the day on which he became colonel of the 4th regiment. He died in 1785, but retired from the service between the years 1771 and 1776: he succeeded his father as a baronet in 1768.

G. L. S.

* * * * *

CLAY TOBACCO-PIPES.

(Vol. ix., p. 372.)

I was much pleased at reading MR. H. T. RILEY'S Note on this neglected subject, in which I take no small interest, and feel happy in communicating the little amount of information I possess regarding it. I have long thought that the habit of smoking, I do not say tobacco, but some other herb, is of much greater antiquity than is generally supposed. Tobacco appears to have been introduced amongst us about 1586 by Captain R. Greenfield and Sir Francis Drake (vide Brand's _Popular Antiquities_); but I have seen pipe-bowls of English manufacture, which had been found _beneath_ the encaustic pavement of Buildwas Abbey in Shropshire, which gives a much earlier date to the practice of smoking _something_. I remember an old man, a perfect Dominie Sampson in his way, who had been in turn gaoler, pedagogue, and postmaster, at St. Briavel's, near Tintern Abbey, habitually smoking the leaves of coltsfoot, which he cultivated on purpose; he told me that he could seldom afford to use tobacco. The pipes found in such abundance in the bed of the Thames, and everywhere in and about London, I believe to be of Dutch manufacture; they are identical with those which Teniers and Ostade put into the mouths of their boors, and have for the most part a small pointed heel, a well-defined milled ring around the lip, and bear no mark or name of the maker. Such were the pipes used by the soldiers of the Parliament, to be found wherever they encamped. I will only instance Barton, near Abingdon, on the property of G. Bowyer, Esq., M.P., where I have seen scores while shooting in the fields around the ruins of the old fortified mansion. The English pipes, on the contrary, have a very broad and flat heel, on which they may rest in an upright position, so that the ashes might not fall out prematurely; and on this heel the potter's name or device is usually stamped, generally in raised characters, though sometimes they are incised. Occasionally the mark is to be found on the side of the bowl. A short time ago I exhibited a series of some five-and-twenty different types at the Archæological Institution, and my collection has been enlarged considerably since. These were principally found in Shropshire and Staffordshire, and appear for the most part to have been made at Broseley. They are of a very hard and compact clay, which retains the impress of the milled ring and the stamp in all its original freshness. I shall feel much obliged by receiving any additional information upon this subject.

W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.

Temple.

* * * * *

MADAME DE STAËL.

(Vol. ix., p. 451.)

I cannot direct R. A. to the passage in Madame de Staël's works. The German book for which he inquires is not by Schlegel _assisted_ by Fichte, but--

"Friedrich Nicolai's Leben und sonderbare Meinungen. Ein Beitrag zur
Literatur-Geschichte des vergangenen und zur Pädagogik des angehenden
Jahrhunderts, von Johan Gottlieb Fichte. Herausgegeben von A. W.
Schlegel: Tubingen, 1801, 8^o, pp. 130."

There certainly is no ground for the charge that Fichte attacked Nicolai when he was too old to reply. Nicolai was born in 1733, and died in 1811; so that he was sixty-eight when this pamphlet was published. His _Leben Sempronius Gundiberts_ was published in 1798; and your correspondent H. C. R. (Vol. vii., p. 20.) partook of his hospitality in Berlin in 1803.

As to the provocation, Fichte (at p. 82.) gives an account of attacks on his personal honour; the worst of which seems to be the imputation of seeking favourable notices in the _Literary Gazette_ of Jena. In _Gundibert_ Fichte's writings were severely handled, but no personal imputation was made. I do not know what was said of him in the _Neue Deutsche Bibliothek_, but I can hardly imagine any justification for so furious an attack {547} as this on Nicolai. I also concur with Madame de Staël in thinking the book dull: "Non est jocus esse malignum." It begins with an attempt at grave burlesque, but speedily degenerates into mere scolding. Take one example:

"Es war sehr wahr, dass aus seinen (Nicolais) Händen alles beschmutzt
und verdreht herausging; aber es war nicht wahr, das er beschmutzen und
verdrehen wollte. Es ward ihm nur so durch die Eigenschaft seiner
Natur. Wer möchte ein Stinkthier beschuldigen, dass es bohafter Weise
alles was es zu sich nehme, in Gestank,--oder die Natter, das sie es in
Gift verwandle. Diese Thiere sind daran sehr unschuldig; sie folgen nur
ihrer Natur. Eben so unser Held, der nun einmal zum literarischen
Stinkthier und der Natter des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts bestimmt war,
verbreitete stank um sich, und spritze Gift, nicht aus Bosheit, sondern
lediglich durch seine Bestimmung getrieben."--P. 78.

The charge of defiling all he touched will be appreciated by those who have read _Sebaldus Nothanker_ and _Sempronius Gundibert_, two of the purest as well as of the cleverest novels of the last century.

H. B. C.