Chapter II: Part 2

After the death of Simpson, the Rev. John Lawson, who appears to have inherited no small portion of the spirit of his predecessors, began to take the lead in geometrical speculations; and having himself carefully studied the principal writings of the ancient geometers, now formed the happy project of unfolding these treasures of antiquity to the general reader, by presenting him with English translations of most of these valuable remains. With this view he published a translation of Vieta's restoration of _Apollonius on Tangencies_, in 1764, and to this, in the second edition of 1771, was added the _Treatise on Spherical Tangencies_, by Fermat, which has since been reprinted in the _Appendix to the Ladies' Diary_ for 1840. In 1767 appeared Emerson's _Treatise on Conic Sections_; a work which, notwithstanding its manifest defects, contributed not a little to aid the student in his approaches to the higher geometry, but whose publication would probably have been rendered unnecessary, had Dr. Simson so far loosened himself from the trammels of the age, as to have written his own admirable treatise in the English language. The frequency, however, with which Mr. Emerson's treatise has been quoted, almost up to the present date, would appear to justify the propriety of including _it_ amongst the means by which the study of geometry was promoted during the last generation. The success which attended Mr. Lawson's first experiment induced him to proceed in his career of usefulness by the publication, in 1772, of the _Treatise on Determinate Section_; to which was appended an amended restoration of the same work by Mr. William Wales, the well-known geometer, who attended Captain Cook as astronomer, in one of his earlier voyages. In 1773 appeared the _Synopsis of Data for the Construction of Triangles_, which was followed in 1774 by his valuable _Dissertations on the Geometrical Analysis of the Ancients_; and although the author used an unjustifiable freedom with the writings of others, Dr. Stewart's more especially, it is nevertheless a work which probably did more to advance the study of the ancient geometry than any other separate treatise which could be named. As these publications became distributed amongst mathematicians, the _Magazines_, the _Diaries_, and various other periodicals, began to show the results of the activity which had thus been created; geometrical questions became much more abundant, and a numerous list of contributions appeared which afford ample proof that their able authors had entered deeply into the spirit of the ancient geometry. During the year 1777 Mr. Lawson issued the first portion of Dr. Simson's restoration of _Euclid's Porisms_, translated from the _Opera Reliqua_ of that distinguished geometer; and though the work was not continued, sufficient had already been done to furnish the generality of students with a clue to the real nature of this celebrated enigma of antiquity. The last of these worthy benefactors to the non-academic geometers of the last century was Mr. Reuben Burrow, who by publishing in 1779 his _Restitution of Apollonius Pergæus on Inclinations_ gave publicity to a valuable relic which would otherwise have remained buried in the Latin obscurity of Dr. Horsley's more elaborate production.

During the greater portion of the time just reviewed, Mr. Jeremiah Ainsworth was resident in the neighbourhood of Manchester, and so early as 1761 was in correspondence with the editors of the _Mathematical Magazine_. He subsequently associated with Mr. George Taylor, a gentleman of kindred habits, then resident in the immediate vicinity, and these worthy veterans of science, as time wore on, collected around them a goodly array of pupils and admirers, and hence may truly be said not only to have laid the foundation of the "Oldham Society," but also to have been the fathers of the Lancashire school of geometers. Such then was the state of affairs in the mathematical world at the period of which we are speaking; all the works just enumerated were attracting the attention of all classes of students by their novelty or elegance; Dr. Hutton and the Rev. Charles Wildbore had the management of the _Diaries_, each vieing with the other in offering inducements for geometrical research; whilst both, in this respect, for a time, had to contend against the successful competition of Reuben Burrow, the talented editor of Carnan's _Diary_: correspondents consequently became numerous and widely extended, each collecting around him his own select circle of ardent inquirers; and thus it was, to use the words of Mr. Harvey, and answer the questions proposed, that inquiries which had hitherto been "locked up in the deep, and to them unapproachable recesses of Plato, Pappus, Apollonius and Euclid * * porisms and loci, sections of ratio and of space, inclinations and tangencies,--subjects confined among the ancients to the very greatest minds, (became) familiar to men whose condition in life was, to say the least, most unpropitious for the successful prosecution of such elevated and profound pursuits."

The preceding sketch is respectfully submitted as an attempt to answer the queries of PEN-AND-INK, so far as Lancashire is concerned. It is not improbable that other reasons, equally cogent, or perhaps corrective of several of the preceding, may be advanced by some of your more learned correspondents, whose experience and means of reference are superior to my own. Should any such {60} be induced to offer additions or corrections to what is here attempted, and to extend the inquiry into other localities, your pages will afford a most desirable medium through which to compare _notes_ on a very imperfectly understood but most important subject of inquiry.

T. T. WILKINSON.

Burnley, Lancashire, June 5. 1850.

* * * * *

QUERIES ANSWERED, NO. 8.

Passing over various queries of early date, on which it has been my intention to offer some suggestions, I have _endeuoyred me_, as Master Caxton expresses it, to illustrate three subjects recently mooted.

_Trianon_ (No. 27.).--The origin of this name is thus stated by M. Dolort, in his excellent work entitled _Mes voyages aux environs de Paris_, ii. 88.

"_Le grand Trianon._--Appelé au 13^e siècle _Triarmun_, nom d'une
ancienne paroisse, qui était divisée en trois villages dépendant du
diocèse de Chartres. Cette terre, qui appartenait aux moines de
Sainte-Geneviève, fut achetée par Louis XIV. pour agrandir le parc de
Versailles, et plus tard il y fit coustruire le château."

_Wood paper_ (No. 32.).--At the close of the last century a patent was granted to Matthias Koops for the manufacture of paper from _straw_, _wood_, &c. In September 1800, he dedicated to the king a _Historical account of the substances which have been used to describe events_, in small folio. The volume is chiefly printed on paper _made from straw_; the appendix is on _paper made from wood alone_. Both descriptions of paper have borne the test of time extremely well. Murray, in his _Practical remarks on modern paper_, speaks of Koops and his inventions with much ignorance and unfairness.

_Tobacco in the East_ (No. 33.).--Relying on the testimony of Juan Fragoso, physician to Felipe II. of Spain, I venture to assert that tobacco is not indigenous to the East. To the same effect writes Monardes. Nevertheless, it was cultivated in Java as early as the year 1603. Edmund Scott, factor for the East India Company at Bantam, thus describes the luxuries of the Javans:--

"They are very great eaters--and they haue a certaine hearbe called
_bettaile_ which they vsually have carryed with them wheresoeuer they
goe, in boxes, or wrapped vp in cloath like a suger loafe: and also a
nutt called _pinange_, which are both in operation very hott, and they
eate them continually to warme them within, and keepe them from the
fluxe. They doe likewise take much _tabacco_, and also _opium_."--_An
exact discovrse_ etc. _of the East Indians_, London, 1606. 4^o. Sig. N.
2.

BOLTON CORNEY.

* * * * *

MEANING OF "BAWN."

_Bawn_ (Vol. i, p. 440.) has been explained as "the outer fortification, inclosing the court-yard of an Irish castle or mansion, and was generally composed of a wall with palisadoes, and sometimes flankers."

The word _bawn_ or _bane_ (the _a_ pronounced as in the English word _hat_) is still applied in the south of Ireland to the spot of ground used as a place for milking the cows of a farm, which, for obvious reasons, is generally close to the farm-house. Before the practice of housing cattle became general, every country gentleman's house had its _bawn_ or _bane_. The necessity for having such a place well fenced, and indeed fortified, in a country and period when cattle formed the chief wealth of all parties, and when the country was infested by Creaghadores and Rapparees, is obvious; and hence the care taken in compelling the "undertakers in Ulster" to have at least "a good bawn after the Irish fashion." In Munster the word _bane_ or _bawn_ is used to express land that has been long in grass; _tholluff bawn_ being used to signify grass land about to be brought into cultivation; and _tholluff breagh_, or _red land_, land which has been recently turned. To _redden land_ is still used to express either to plough land, or, more generally, to turn land with the spade.

Now the _milking field_ was, and is always kept in grass, and necessarily receiving a good deal of manure, would usually be _white_ from the growth of daisies and white clover. Hence such a field would be called the _white_ field: and from this to the general application of the phrase to grass land the transition is easy and natural. It may be proper to add, that in Kerry, particularly, the word is pronounced _bawn_, in speaking _Irish_; but the same person will call it _bane_, if mentioning such land in English. The _a_ in the latter word is, as I said before, pronounced like the _a_ in hat.

The Irish for a _cow_ being _bo_, the phrase may have had its origin therefrom. On this matter, as on all relating to Irish antiquities, the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" may be glad to have a sure person to refer to; and they cannot refer to a more accomplished Irish scholar and antiquarian than "Eugene Curry". His address is, "Royal Irish Academy, Grafton Street, Dublin."

KERRIENSIS.

* * * * *

Replies To Minor Queries.

_Births, Marriages, &c., Taxes on_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--The first instance, that I am aware of, of a tax on marriages in this country, occurs in the 5 of Wm. and Mary, c. 21. The war in which William engaged soon rendered it necessary to tax other incidents of humanity; and accordingly the 6 & 7 Wm. III. c. 6. was passed, granting to his Majesty certain {61} rates and duties upon marriages, births, deaths, and burials, and upon bachelors and widowers (a widely-spread net), for the term of five years, "for carrying on the war against France with vigour." The taxes on births, marriages, and burials were continued indefinitely by the 7 & 8 Wm. III. c. 35. I know not when this act was repealed; but by the 23 George III. c. 67., taxes were again imposed on burials, births, marriages, and christenings; and by 25 George III. c. 75. these taxes were extended to Dissenters. By the 34 George III. c. 11., the taxes were repealed, and they ceased on October 1st, 1794. The entries in the parish register noticed by ARUN, refer to these taxes. Query, Were our ancestors justified in boasting that they were "free-born" Englishmen as long as one of these taxes existed?

C. ROSS.

_M._ or _N._ (Vol. i., p. 415.).--These must, I think, be the initials of some words, and not originating in a corruption of nom, as suggested. We have in the marriage service:--

"'I publish the banns of marriage between M. of ---- and N. of ----.'
"The curate shall say unto the man,
"M. 'Wilt thou have this woman,' &c.
"The priest shall say unto the woman,
"N. 'Wilt thou have this man,' &c.
"The man says: 'I, M. take thee N. to my wedded wife,' &c.
"The woman says: 'I, N. take thee M. to my wedded husband,'" &c.
Again, "Forasmuch as M. and N. have consented together," &c.

All these passages would go to show that the letters are initials either of some word by which the sex was denoted, or of some very common Christian names of each sex, which were formerly in use.

I grant that, in the baptismal service, N. may possibly stand for nomen.

THOS. COX.

Preston.

_Arabic Numerals._--I am not entitled to question either the learning or the "acumen" of the Bishop of Rochester; but I am entitled to question the _interpretation_ which E. S. T. tells us (Vol. ii., p.27.) he puts upon the Castleacre inscription. My title to do so is this:--that in the year of grace 1084 the Arabic numerals were not only of necessity unknown to the "plaisterers" of those walls, but even (as far as evidence has been yet adduced) to the most learned of England's learned men.

As to the regular order in crossing himself, that will entirely depend upon whether the plaister was considered to be a knight's shield, and the figures the blazonry, or not. Is it not, indeed, stated in one of your former numbers, that this very inscription was to be read 1408, and not 1048? I have already hinted at the necessity of _caution_ in such cases; and Mr. Wilkinson of Burnley has given, in a recent number of your work, two exemplifications. The Bishop of Rochester certainly adds another; though, of course, undesignedly.

T. S. D.

Shooter's Hill, June 7.

_Comment. in Apocalypsin_ (Vol. i., p. 452.).--There was a copy of this volume in the library of the Duke of Brunswick; and in the hope that Sir F. Madden may succeed in obtaining extracts, or a sight of it, I intimate just as much, though not in this kingdom. (See Von der Hardt's _Autographa Lutheri et Coætaneorum_, tom. iii. 171.) You do not seem to have any copy whatever brought to your notice. This collection was, it appears from the _Centifolium Lutheranum_ of Fabricius (p. 484.), bequeathed by the Duke to the library at Helmstad.

NOVUS.

_Robert Deverell_ (Vol. i., p. 469.).--If my information is too scanty to deserve a place among the Replies, you may treat it as a supplement to Dr. Rimbault's Query. Mr. Deverell also published (according to Lowndes) _A New View of the Classics and Ancient Arts, tending to show the invariable Connexion with the Sciences_, 4to. Lond. 1806; and _Discoveries in Hieroglyphics and other Antiquities_, 6 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1813,--which was suppressed by the author after a few copies had been sold. I have the second and third volumes, being all that relates to Shakspeare. They consist of an edition of Hamlet, Lear, Othello, Merchant of Venice, and the third satire of Horace, copiously illustrated with notes and woodcuts, intended to prove that in the works in question, in common with "all the classics and the different specimens of the arts which have come down to us from the ancients, no part of them is to be understood without supposing that they were mere vehicles of knowledge, not intended to meet the eye or the understanding on the first inspection or perusal;" in short, that all the phrases, characters, and incidents are merely allusions to the appearances of the moon! a representation of which, and of Shakspearian characters, &c., bearing supposed resemblance to its lights and shadows, form the staple of the illustrations. I collect from passages in these volumes, that the first was devoted to a similar illustration of Hudibras. The whole affair seems to afford indications of insanity. In the _Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors_, 8vo., Lond. 1816, I find that in 1802 he was returned to Parliament by the borough of Saltash, in Cornwall: and from the same authority it also appears that, in addition to the works above noticed, he was the author of _A Guide to the Knowledge of the Ancients_, 1803, and _A letter to Mr. Whitbread on two Bills pending in Parliament_, 8vo. 1807.

J. F. M.

{62} _The Hippopotamus._--_The Scotch Kilt._--I was on the point of addressing a Minor Query to you, when No. 33. arrived, and therein I saw a Major Query from L. (p.36.), which prompts an immediate answer. He asks, "Has there been a live hippopotamus in Europe since the reign of Commodus?" To be sure there has, and Capitolinus would have set him right. A goodly assemblage of animals of all sorts was collected by Gordianus Pius, but used by the elder Philip, for the celebration of the secular games on the 1000th anniversary of the building of Rome, or A.D. 248. Among them were 32 elephants, 10 tigers, 10 elks, 60 lions, 30 leopards, 10 hyænas, 1 hippopotamus, 1 rhinoceros, 40 wild horses, 20 wild asses, and 10 giraffes, with a vast quantity of deer, goats, antelopes, and other beasts. "And," it is added in Captain Smyth's Roman Catalogue, "still further to increase the public _hilarity_, 2000 gladiators were matched in mortal affray."

The portrait of the hippopotamus exhibited on that splendid occasion is well represented upon the large brass medals of Otacilia Severa, Philip's wife, and on those of their son, Philip Junior. That of Otacilia is described at length in Captain Smyth's work.

Now for my Minor Query. Can you, Sir, or any of your intelligent correspondents, oblige me by saying who introduced the kilt into Scotland and when? However it may wound local prejudice, I fear our northern brethren will find its use to be much more recent than they seem willing to be aware of. At present I will not put a rider on the question, by asking, whether an Englishman first gave it them: but perhaps you, Sir, will sift it thoroughly, even although a whole corps of rabid MacNicolls should enter the field against you.

[Sigma]

_Ashes to Ashes_ (Vol. ii., p. 22.).--The word is taken from Genesis, xviii. 27.:

"I have taken upon me to speak unto the LORD, which am but dust and
ashes."

It is plain that this has nothing to do with the treatment of the corpse; but that whatever the exact meaning of the word in Hebrew may be, it is synonymous with dust. As to dust, this is perfectly plain in Genesis, iii. 19.:

"Till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for
dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return."

Here burial seems to be distinctly meant.

The Latin word _cinis_, which denotes ashes produced by burning, is derived from the Greek, which denotes natural dust, I forget whether burnt ashes also.

C. B.

_Dr. Maginn's Miscellanies_ (Vol. i., p. 470.).--Mr. Tucker Hunt (brother of Mr. F. Knight Hunt, author of _The Fourth Estate, a History of Newspapers, &c. &c._) showed me some years since a collections of these papers from various sources, which he proposed to publish, and which I was very glad to learn, as I had always regretted that Dr. Maginn had left no memorial of his splendid talents in a seperate publication, but frittered away his genius in periodicals. As "J. M. B." appears very anxious to obtain an authentic reference to any article contributed by the Dr., I think if he could communicate with Mr. Tucker Hunt, it might be of great assistance. I have not the latter's address, but probably a note to the care of his brother's publisher, "D. Bogue, Fleet Street", might lead to a communication.

W. H. LAMMIN.

Fulham, June 5. 1850

_Living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--For an answer to my Query at Vol. i., pp. 352. 371., where I asked for the authority upon which Baunez gave _Homer_ credit for the expression (which is evidently none of his), "quod leoni mortuo etiam lepores insultant," a friend has referred me to _Antholog. Græc._. 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1794, tom. iv. p. 112.; out of which you may, perhaps, think it not too late to insert the following Epigr. xi.

[Greek: "Hôs apo Hektoros titrôskomenou hupo Hellênôn,]
[Greek: Ballete nun meta potmon emon demas. hotti kai autai]
[Greek: Nekrou sôma leontos ephubrizousi lagôoi."]

J. SANSOM.

_Gaol Chaplains_ (Vol. ii., p. 22.) were made universal by act of parliament in the fourth year of George IV. Before that they may have existed in some places. In Gloucestershire from 1786.

C. B.

_Rome Ancient and Modern_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.)--Such a map as your correspondent A. B. M. describes, was at Rome in 1827. It was by Vasi. I got it, but never saw it in England.

C. B.

_Trianon_ (Vol. ii., p. 47.).--In justice to myself, and in reply to your correspondent C., who believes I have "not the slightest authority" for my explanation of the word _Trianon_, I beg to refer him to the French dictionaries, in some of which, at all events, he will find it thus written: _Trianon_, subst. masc., _a pavilion_.

J. K. R. W.

* * * * *

Miscellanies

_Aboriginal Chambers near Tilbury_ (Vol. i., p. 462.).--Mr. Cook, of Abeley, Essex, having seen this Query, which had been kindly quoted into _The Athenæum_ of the 25th ultimo, communicated to that journal on Saturday, June 1st, the following information respecting two of these caves, the result of a personal examination of them:--

"The shafts are five in number; and are situated at {63} the edge of
Hanging Wood, in the parish of Chadwell, about three miles from Grays
Pier. I descended two of them in 1847, by means of a rope and pulley
fixed to the branch of a neighbouring tree,--taking the precaution to
have a lighted lanthorn swinging a few yards beneath me. They were
between eighty and ninety feet in depth,--their diameter at the top six
feet, gradually diminishing to three feet at the bottom. There was a
great deal of drift sand at the bottom of the shaft, extending a
considerable way up, which nearly blocked up the entrance to the
chambers. By treading down the sand I soon gained an entrance, and
found five chambers communicating with the shaft--three on one side and
two on the other. In form they were nearly semicircular. Their
dimensions were small, not exceeding thirty feet in length by fifteen
in width, but very lofty; they were quite dry and free from foul air.
The chambers in both shafts corresponded exactly with each other in
size, form, and number. I trust this brief account may be of some
service to those gentlemen who intend to explore them, and should be
most happy to afford any assistance in my power."

_Mistake in Conybeare and Howson's Life of St. Paul._--In the splendid and learned _Life of St. Paul_, now publishing by Messrs. Longmans, there occurs in a note a broad assertion, but quite erroneous, which may mislead those who would be inclined to take it without examination, induced by the general accuracy and learning of the work. At page 35, note 1., the writer says, "It is remarkable that the Sadducees are mentioned in no other books of the New Testament, except St. Matthew and the Acts." I mentioned this as a _fact_ to a friend, who immediately remembered a passage in St. Luke, chap. xx. v. 27.: "Then came to him certain of the Sadducees," &c. I then turned out Sadducees in Cruden, and there found only Matthew and Acts referred to. On looking at the passage of St. Mark parallel to the abovementioned of St. Luke, I read, "Then came unto him the Sadducees," &c. (xii. 18.) The note, therefore, should end, "except the first three Gospels and the Acts."

E. S. JACKSON.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.

The Rev. W. Haslam, the author of _Perran Zabuloe_, has just issued a little volume entitled _The Cross and the Serpent, being a brief History of the Triumph of the Cross through a long Series of Ages in Prophecy, Types, and Fulfilments_. Though the present work belongs to one of the two classes which, for obvious reasons, we do not undertake to notice in our columns, there is so much of curious matter illustrative of Folk Lore, early remains, and old-world customs, in the third part of it, as to justify our directing the attention of our antiquarian readers to the archæology of the volume. The Druidic Beltein or Midsummer Fire still burns brightly, it appears, in Cornwall. We shall endeavour to transfer to our Folk Lore columns some passages on this and other cognate subjects.

Mr. Russell Smith announces a series of _Critical and Historical Tracts_ on the subject of, I. _Agincourt_; II. _First Colonists of New England_ (this is already issued); and III. Milton, a _Sheaf of Gleanings after his Biographers and Annotators_. The name of Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., which figures upon their title-pages, is a sufficient warrant that they will deserve the attention of the historical student.

Mr. M. A. Denham, the author of the interesting _Collection of Proverbs and Popular Sayings relating to the Seasons, Weather, &c._, published by the Percy Society, also intends to issue some Tracts (limited to fifty copies of each) illustrative of the antiquities of the northern parts of the kingdom. The first is to be on _The Slogans or Slughorns of the North of England_; the second, on _"Some of the Manners and Customs"_ of the North.

We have received the following Catalogues:--Joseph Lilly's (7. Pall Mall) Catalogue of a Choice and Valuable Collection of Rare, Curious, and Useful Books; William Andrews' (7. Corn Street, Bristol) Catalogue, Part IV., 1850, Books just bought from the Deanery, Armagh, &c.; and J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho) Bibliotheca Historica et Topographica; Books illustrating the History, Antiquities, and Topography of Great Britain and Ireland.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._)

GREY'S METHOD OF LEARNING HEBREW.

[The edition that contains the _History of Joseph_ as a Praxis, _not_ that which contains the Proverbs.]

OAKLEY ON OUR LORD'S PASSION.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

TITLE AND INDEX TO VOLUME THE FIRST. _A Double Number will be published next week, containing Title and copious Index to the First Volume, price 9d., or stamped to go post free,_ 11d.

_The Monthly Part will be ready at the same time, price 1s._ 9d., _including the Title and Index._

DELTA. _The following appears to us the true reading of the legend of the seal transmitted:_--

+ MINATIVS. T. MRRIS. PPOx. ECCLExIES:SCE:
MRIE. D'. GALLATE.

_There appears little doubt as to the last word, whatever may be the locality intended. "Gallatum" has been used for "Wallop" in Hampshire, but it is doubtful if this seal applies to that place._

C. F. O. _The Phigaleian Marbles are in the British Museum. The casts described were modelled from them by an accomplished London Artist._

_Errata._--No. 33., p. 39, 40., in the article _Cosas de España_, Te_r_eda should be Te_x_eda; and for Carrascon, which recently _had_ been reprinted, read _has_. {64}

* * * * *

TO BOOKSELLERS, PRINTERS, STATIONERS, and LITERARY MEN in General, a Country Business, established upwards of Fifty Years, and yielding a net profit of 300_l_. per annum, is now to be sold a great Bargain: it embraces Printing, Bookselling, and Stationery; is carried on in the West of England, on premises admirably adapted for its various branches, and held at a very Low Rental. About 1200l. or 1300l. will be required for the purchase of the Stock, Printing Presses, &c., (which is of the best description), one-third of which may remain on approved Security. Address by Letter only to T. W., Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., Stationer's Court, Ludgate Hill.

* * * * *

Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28s. cloth.

THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.

"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated
with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss
has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many
errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it
successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation,
and such taste and judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion
requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to
his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical
history."--_Gent. Mag._

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.

* * * * *

MEMOIRS OF MUSICK. By the Hon. ROGER NORTH, Attorney-General to James. I. Now first printed from the original MS. and edited, with copious Notes, by EDWARD F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., F.S.A, &c. &c. Quarto; with a Portrait; handsomely printed in 4to.; half-bound in morocco, 15_s_.

This interesting MS., so frequently alluded to by Dr. Burney in the course of his "History of Music," has been kindly placed at the disposal of the Council of the Musical Antiquarian Society, by George Townshend Smith, Esq., Organist of Hereford Cathedral. But the Council, not feeling authorised to commence a series of literary publications, yet impressed with the value of the work, have suggested its independent publication to their Secretary, Dr. Rimbault, under whose editorial care it accordingly appears.

It abounds with interesting Musical Anecdotes; the Greek Fables respecting the origin of Music; the rise and progress of Musical Instruments; the early Musical Drama; the origin of our present fashionable Concerts; the first performance of the Beggar's Opera, &c.

A limited number having been printed, few copies remain for sale: unsold copies will shortly be raised in price to 1l. 11s. 6d.

Folio, price 30s.

THE CHORAL RESPONSES AND LITANIES OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND. Collect from Authentic Sources. By the Rev. JOHN JEBB, A.M., Rector of Peterstow.

The present Work contains a full collection of the harmonized compositions of ancient date, including nine sets of pieces and responses, and fifteen litanies, with a few of the more ancient Psalm Chants. They are given in full score, and in their proper cliffs. In the upper part, however, the treble is substituted for the "cantus" or "medius" cliff: and the whole work is so arranged as to suit the library of the musical student, and to be fit for use in the Choir.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.

THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.

Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

THE LATEST WORK ON NINEVEH.

Now ready, Fourth Edition, with upwards of 100 Plates and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo., 36_s_.

NINEVEH AND ITS REMAINS: being a Narrative of Researches and Discoveries amidst the Ruins of Assyria. With an account of the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan; the Yezidis, or Devil-worshippers; and an Enquiry into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD, D.C.L.

"This is, we think, the most extraordinary work of the present age, whether with reference to the wonderful discoveries it describes, its remarkable verification of our early biblical history, or the talent, courage, and perseverance of its author. We have had our Bruces and Mungo Parks, as well as our Parrys, Franklins, Backs, and Rosses, but we question whether a more enlightened or a more enterprising traveller than Mr. Layard is to be met with in the annals of our modern English history."--_From the_ TIMES.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

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Corrections made to printed original.

p. 52 "gamêlioi theoi" - "gamêlioi theio" in original.

p. 56 "admitted in churches or churchyards." - "chuchyards" in original.