Chapter II: Part 2

THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.

_Rowley Powley._--As generally inclined to the belief that everything is older than anybody knows of, I am rather startled by "Rowley Powley" not being as old as myself. I remember seeing mentioned somewhere, without any reference to this chorus, that _rowley powley_ is a name for a plump fowl, of which both "gammon and spinach" are posthumous connexions. I cannot help thinking that this may be a clue to some prior occurrence of the chorus, with or without {75} the song. If "derry down," which has been said to be druidical, were judged of by the last song it went with, how old would be the Druids?

M.

"_A Frog he would a-wooing go._"--It may perhaps be interesting to some of your correspondents on the subject of "A frog he would a-wooing go," to know that there exists an Irish version of that woeful tale, which differs in several respects from the ballad which has so long been familiar to English ears. The burthen of "Heigho! says Rowley," does not occur in the Hibernian composition, but a still less intelligible chorus supplies its place. The air is exceedingly quaint, and seems to me to bear the stamp of antiquity. The words are as follow:--

"Misther Frog lived in a well,
Heigho! my lanti-iddity!
And the merry mouse in the mill,
Terry heigho! for lang for liddity!
Says Mr. Frog, 'I will go coort,'
Heigho, &c.
'Saddle me nag and polish me boots!'
Terry heigho, &c.
Frog came _to_ Lady Mouse's hall,
Heigho, &c.
Gave a rap and thundering call,
Terry heigho, &c.
'Where _is_ the people _of_ this house?'
Heigho, &c.
'Here am I,' says my Lady Mouse,
Terry heigho, &c.
'I've come to court Miss Kitty here,'
Heigho, &c.
'If that she can fancy me.'
Terry heigho, &c.
'Uncle Rat is not at home;'
Heigho, &c.
'He'll give you an answer--I have none,'
Terry heigho, &c.
Uncle Rat, when he came in,
Heigho, &c.
'Who's been here since I left home?'
Terry heigho, &c.
'Misther Frog, a worthy man;'
Heigho, &c.
'Give him a wife, Sir, if you can,'
Terry heigho, &c.
'Where shall we make the bride's bed?'
Heigho, &c.
'Down below, in the Horse's Head.'
Terry heigho, &c.
'What shall we have for the wedding supper?'
Heigho, &c.
'A roasted potato and a roll o' butter.'
Terry heigho, &c.
Supper was laid down to dine,
Heigho, &c.
Changed a farthing and brought up wine,
Terry heigho, &c.
First come in was a nimble bee,
Heigho, &c.
With his fiddle upon his knee,
Terry heigho, &c.
Next come in was a creeping snail,
Heigho, &c.
With his bagpipes under his tail,
Terry heigho, &c.
Next came in was a neighbour's pig,
Heigho, &c.
'Pray, good people, will ye play us a jig?'
Terry heigho, &c.
Next come in was a neighbour's hen,
Heigho, &c.
Took the fiddler by the wing,
Terry heigho, &c.
Next come in was a neighbour's duck,
Heigho, &c.
Swallow'd the piper, head and pluck,
Terry heigho, &c.
Next come in was a neighbour's cat,
Heigho, &c.
Took the young bride by the back,
Terry heigho, &c.
Misther Frog jumped down the well,
Heigho, &c.
'Zounds, I'll never go coort again!'
Terry heigho, &c.
Uncle Rat run up a wall,
Heigho, &c.
'Zounds, the divil's among you all!'
Terry heigho, &c."

W. A. G.

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Carucate of Land_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--The measure of the carucate was as indefinite in Edward III.'s time as at an earlier period. It then, as before, represented as much land as could be worked with one plough in a year. I am fortunately enabled to give your correspondent E.V. a precise answer to his Query. In a MS. survey of the Hospitallers' lands in England, taken under the direction of Prior Philip Thame, A.D. 1338, which I transcribed from the original, among the records of the order, I find in the "extent" of the "Camera de Hetherington in comitatu Northampton,"--

"Item. v Carucate terre continentes v^c acre terre: pretium cujuslibet,
viij^d."

"Bæjulia de Eycle (_i. e._ Eagle in Lincolnshire) cum membris."

"Et ibidem iiij. carucate terre, que continent v^c acras terre et apud
le Wodehous iij carucate terre, que continent iij^c: pretium acre,
vj^d."

Here we have a decided instance of the variation in the number of acres represented by the carucate. I have generally found that the nearest approximation to correctness, where no other evidence is at hand, is to consider the carucate as designating about 100 acres.

L. B. L.

_Carucate of Land._--A case in point is given in the 33rd vol. of the _Archæologia_, p. 271. The {76} carucate frequently consisted of eight bovatæ of arable land; but the number of acres appears to have varied not only according to the quality of the soil, but according to the custom of husbandry of the shire: for where a two-years' course, or crop and fallow, was adopted, more land was adjudged to the carucate than where a three-years' course obtained, the land lying fallow not being reckoned or rateable. The object would appear to have been to obtain a carucate of equal value throughout the kingdom.

B. W.

_Golden Frog and Sir John Poley_ (Vol. i., p. 214. and 372.).--Your correspondent GASTROS suggests that "to the Low Countries, the land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of this enigma," (Vol. i., p. 372.); accordingly, it appears from the treatise of Bircherodius on the Knights of the Elephant, an order of knighthood in Denmark, conferred upon none but persons of the first quality and merit, that a frog is among the devices adopted by them; and we need not further seek for a reason why this _Symbolum Heroicum_ was worn by Sir John Poley, who served much under Christian, king of Denmark (Vol. i., p. 214.), and distinguished himself much by his military achievements in the Low Countries (p. 372.).

T. J.

_The Poley Frog._--More than half a century ago, I was present when this singular appendage was the subject of conversation in a large literary party, but being then a schoolboy I made "no note of it." My recollection now is, that after some jokes on the name of Poley as that of a frog, allusion was made to an old court story of King James II. throwing a frog into the neck of William, third Earl of Pembroke. The story, with its consequences, may be found in the _Tixall Letters_, vol. i. p. 5.; Wood's _Athenæ Ox._, vol. i. p. 546.; Park's _Royal and Noble Authors_, vol. ii. p. 249.

[Old English G].

I have never seen a head of any engraving of the portrait of Sir John Poley, of Boxsted Hall, not Bexstead. I believe there is none.

D.

_Bands_ (Vol. ii., p. 23.) are the descendants of the ruff a portion of the ordinary civil costume of the sixteenth century. In the reign of James I., the ruff was occasionally exchanged for a wide stiff collar, standing out horizontally and squarely, made of similar stuff, starched and wired, and sometimes edged like the ruff with lace. These collars were called bands. A good example occurs in the portrait of Shakspeare by Cornelius Jansen, engravings of which are well known. At the end of the seventeenth century these broad-falling bands were succeeded by the small Geneva bands, which have ever since been retained by our clergymen and councillors, but in a contracted form, having been originally _bonâ fide_ collars, the ends of which hung negligently over the shoulders. (See Planché's _Brit. Costume_, pp. 350. 390.) Bands are worn by the ecclesiastics in France and Italy, as well as in England.

In the second number of _Popular Tracts Illustrating the Prayer-Book_, p. 3., it is suggested that bands are perhaps the remains of the amice, one of the eucharistic vestments in use previous to the Reformation, which consisted of a square cloth, so put on that one side, which was embroidered, formed a collar round the neck, whilst the rest hung behind like a hood. By analogy with the scarf of our Protestant clergy, which is clearly the stole of the Roman Church retained under a different name, this suggestion is not without some degree of plausibility.

The fact that the present academical costume is derived from the ordinary civil dress of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, sufficiently accounts for the retention of the bands as a part.

ARUN.

Surely bands are no part of the peculiar dress of the clergy, &c., but the ordinary dress of the people, retained by certain classes or professions, because they wished for something regular and distinctive. So the wigs of the judges were the fashionable dress 150 years ago. It is curious that the clergy have cut down their bands, while the lawyers still glory in comparatively large and flowing ones. Bands altered greatly in their form. Taylor, the Water Poet, I think, says--

"The eighth Henry, as I understand,
Was the first prince that ever wore a band,"

or, indeed, person of any sort. The date of the same thing in France is mentioned in Vellay, but I forget it now.

C. B.

_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--It may interest your correspondent E. to refer to a passage in Baker's _Chronicle_, sub anno 1461, p. 204., which would tend to show that the precedency of the spiritual barons was at that period disputed. That writer says:--

"John Earl of Oxford, with his son Aubrey de Vere, &c., was convicted
of treason and beheaded. John Earl of Oxford, in a former parliament,
had disputed the question concerning the precedency of Temporal and
Spiritual Barons, a bold attempt in those days, and by force of whose
argument Judgment was given for the _Lords Temporal_."

Where will this judgment or any account of the dispute be found?

G.

_"Imprest" and "Debenture"_ (Vol. ii., p. 40.).--_Imprest_ is derived from the Italian _imprestare_, to lend, which is _im-præstare_, (Fr. _prêter_). _Debentur_, or _Debenture_ (Lat. _debeo_), was originally a Customhouse term, meaning a certificate or ticket presented by an exporter, when a drawback or bounty was allowed on certain exported goods. Hence it seems {77} to mean a certificate acknowledging a debt, and promising payment at a specified time on the presentation of the certificate. Debentures are thus issued by railway companies when they borrow money, and the certificates for annual interest which accompany them are, so to speak, _sub-debentures_. Perhaps this may throw _some_ light upon the matter.

E. S. JACKSON.

_Charade_ (Vol. i., p. 10.).--The charade cited by QUÆSTOR is on my "Notes" as the "Bishop of Salisbury's," and the following answer is said to be by a clergyman:--

"Firm on the Rock of Christ, though lowly sprung,
The Church invokes the Spirit's fiery Tongue;
Those gracious breathings rouse but to controul
The Storm and Struggle in the Sinner's Soul.
Happy! ere long his carnal conflicts cease,
And the Storm sinks in faith and gentle peace--
Kings own its potent sway, and humbly bows
The gilded diadem upon their brows--
Its saving voice with Mercy speeds to all,
But ah! how few who quicken at the call--
Gentiles the favour'd 'little Flock' detest,
And Abraham's children spit upon their rest.
Once only since Creation's work, has night
Curtain'd with dark'ning Clouds its saving light,
What time the Ark majestically rode,
Unscath'd upon the desolating flood--
The Silver weigh'd for it, in all its strength
For scarce three pounds were counted, while its length
Traced in the Prophet's view with measur'd reed,
Squared just a mile, as Rabbins are agreed--
And now I feel entitled well to smile,
Since Christ's Church bears the Palm in all our Isle."

I waited some time to see if any solution would be given of the charade; and I now send you the one in my possession, in default of a better.

REBECCA.

_Dutch Language_ (Vol. i., p. 383.).--E. V. asks what are the best _modern_ books for acquiring a knowledge of the Dutch language. If E. V. insist upon _modern_ books, he cannot have better than Hendrik Conscience's novels, or Gerrits's _Zoon des Volks_. I would, however, advise him to get a volume of Jacob Cats' _Poems_, the language of which is not antiquated, and is idiomatic without being difficult to a beginner.

H. B. C.

_"Construe" and "Translate"_ (Vol ii., p. 22.).--It is very common, I apprehend, in language, for two words, originally of the same meaning, or two spellings of the same word, to be gradually appropriated by usage to two subordinate uses, applications, and meanings of the word respectively, and that merely by accident, as to which of the two is taken for one of the subdivisions, and which for the other. We have made such an appropriation in our own time,--despatch and dispatch.

It may be curious, however, to inquire how far back the distinction mentioned by your correspondent is found.

"Construe," originally, must probably have meant, not to turn from one language into another, but to explain the construction, or what is called by the Greek name syntax, much like what in regard to a single word is called parsing.

C. B.

_Dutton Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--B. will find the _Dutton_ proviso in the statute 17 Geo. II. explained by reference to Ormerod's _Cheshire_, vol. i. pp. 36. 477. 484.; Lyson's _Cheshire_; Blount's _Antient Tenures_, 298., &c. An early grant by one of the Lacy family transferred to Hugh de Dutton and his heirs "magistratum omnium leccatorum et meritricum totius Cestriæ." In the fifteenth century the jurisdiction was claimed by the Dutton family, in respect of the lordship or manor of Dutton, and was then confined to a jurisdiction over the minstrels and musicians of the palatinate and city of Chester, who constituted, I presume, a department among the _leccatores_, or licorish fellows, mentioned above. In virtue of this jurisdiction the lord of Dutton had the advowry or "advocaria" of the minstrels of the district, and annually licensed them at a _Court of Minstrelsy_, where the homage consisted of a jury of sworn fiddlers; and certain dues, namely, flagons of wine and a lance or flagstaff, were yearly rendered to the lord. The last court was held in 1756.

As the early Vagrant Acts included "minstrels" in their definition of rogues and vagabonds, it is evident that the suitors of the Minstrelsy Court would have run the risk of commitment to the House of Correction and a whipping, if the acts had not specially excepted the franchise of the Dutton family from their operation. The earliest statutes are 14 Eliz. c. 5.; 39 Eliz. c. 4.; and 43 Eliz. c. 9. Section 27. of the last Act clearly shows that it was the power of licensing minstrels which the proviso of the acts was intended to save. The pedigree of the Dutton family will be found in the volume of Ormerod already cited.

E. S.

June 5. 1850.

"_Laus tua, non tua fraus_," &c. (Vol. i., p. 416.).--The lines were written by Philelphus on Pope Pius II., as is stated in the book called _Les Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords_, p. 173. of the edit. 1662.

C. B.

In a small work, entitled _Specimens of Macaronic Poetry_, 8vo., 1831, the verses quoted by "O." are stated to have been written by some poet (not named) in praise of Pope Clement VI. or Pius II., but of which learned authorities do not agree. It seems the poet was afraid he might not receive such a reward as, according to his own estimate, he deserved, and therefore retained the power of converting his flattery into abuse, by simply giving {78} his friends the cue to commence from the last word, and begin backwards. The following are other verses of the same sort:--

AD JULIUM III. PONTIFICEM MAXIMUM.
"Pontifici sua sint Divino Numine tuto
Culmina, nec montes hos petat omnipotens."

AD CAROLUM V. CAESAREM.
"Cæsareum tibi sit felici sidere nomen,
Carole, nec fatum sit tibi Cæsareum."

W. G. S.

"O." is referred to a low and scurrilous translation, or rather imitation of the epigrams of Martial and others, purporting to be "by the Rev. Mr. Scott, M.A.," and published in London in 1773.

Therein the lines quoted by "O." are given, accompanied by a sorry attempt at translation; and the epigram is attributed to

"One Cianconius, a Dominican Friar, in honour of Pope Clement the
Fourth."

A. E. B.

Leeds.

_Mother of Thomas à Becket_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.).--Thierry, in the 8th vol. of his _Histoire de la Conquête de l'Angleterre par les Normands_, quotes as an authority for the account of the Eastern origin of the mother of Thomas à Becket, _Vita et Processus S. Thomæ Cantuariensis, seu Quadripartita Historia_, cap. ii. fol. 3.

W. G. S.

_Medal of Stukeley._--In answer to Mr. BRITTON'S Queries (Vol. i., p. 122., and Vol. ii., p. 40.), I beg to inform him that the medal of Stukeley was executed soon after that eminent antiquary's death by an artist of the name of Gaal, who was not a die-sinker, but a modeller and chaser. The medal is rare, but not unique: I have one in my own collection, and I have, I think, seen one or two others. They are all cast in a mould and chased.

EDW. HAWKINS

June 13. 1850.

_Dulcarnon_ (Vol. i., p. 254.).--Has _Dulcarnon_ any reference to the Hindostanee _Dhoulcarnein_, two-horned,--the epithet constantly applied in India to Alexander the Great, or Iskander, as they call him? It seems not a bad word for a dilemma or puzzle.

H. W.

Nottingham.

_Practice of Scalping_.--Your correspondent T. J. will find in Mr. Layard's _Nineveh and its Remains_ (vol. ii. p. 374.) the following note:--

"The Scythians _scalped_ and flayed their enemies, and used their skins
as horse trappings."--_Herod._ iv. 64.

G. R.

Greenock.

_Scalping._--Perhaps your correspondent T. J. (Vol. ii., p. 12.) may recollect the allusion to "scalping," in Psalm lxviii. 21.; upon which verse an argument has been based in favour of the supposition, that the aborigines of America are derived from the ten tribes of Israel.

J. SANSOM.

_Derivation of Penny_ (Vol. i., pp. 384. 411.).--Akerman's _Numismatic Manual_ (p. 228.) has, under the head of "Penny," the following remarks:--

"The penny is next in antiquity. It is first mentioned in the laws of
Ina. The term has been derived by various writers from almost every
European language; but the conjecture of Wachter, as noticed by Lye,
seems the most reasonable. This writer derives it from the Celtic word
_pen_, head; the heads of the Saxon princes being stamped on the
earliest pennies. The fact of the _testoon_ of later times having been
so named, certainly adds weight to the opinion of Wachter."

W. G. S.

* * * * *

Miscellanies.

"_By Hook or by Crook_" (Vol. i., p. 405.).--The following extract may, perhaps, by multiplying instances, tend to corroborate the supposed origin of the above saying:--

"Not far from them [Peverell's Crosses], in the parish of Egloshayle,
is another moonstone [granite] cross near Mount Charles, called the
Prior's Cross, on which is cut the figure of a _hook_ and a _crook_, in
memory of the privilege granted by him to the poor of Bodmin, for
gathering for fire-boot and house-boot such boughs and branches of such
trees in his contiguous wood of Dunmere, as they could reach with a
_hook and a crook_ without further damage to the trees. From whence
arose the Cornish proverb, _they will have it by hook or by
crook_."--Hitchins and Drewe, _Hist. Cornwall_, p. 214. vol. ii. edit.
1824.

SELEUCUS.

_Burning dead Bodies._--In his remarks on "ashes to ashes," CINIS says (Vol. i., p.22.) that "the burning of the dead does not appear to be in itself an anti-christian ceremony," &c.: he is mistaken, for the early Christians, like the Jews, never burned their dead, but buried them. The catacombs of Rome and Naples, besides those in other places, were especially used for sepulture; and if CINIS wish for proofs, he will find an abundance in Rock's _Hierurgia_, t. ii. p. 802., &c.

CEPHAS.

_Etymology of "Barbarian," &c._--Passow, in his Lexicon (ed. Liddell and Scott), s.v. [Greek: barbaros], observes that the word was originally applied to "all that were not Greeks, or that did not speak Greek. It was used of all defects which the Greeks thought foreign to themselves and natural to other nations: but as the Hellenes and Barbarians were most of all _separated by language_, the word had always especial reference to this [Greek: glôssa barbara], Soph. Aj. 1263, &c." He considers the word as probably an onomatopoeion, to express the sound of a foreign tongue. (Cf. Gibbon, c. li.; Roth, _Ueber {79} Sinn u. Gebrauch des Wortes Barbar._ Nürnberg, 1814.) I am disposed to look for the root in the Hebr. [Hebrew: BARAR] "_bâr[=a]r_," _separavit_, in its Pilpel form, [Hebrew: BARBAR] "_barbâr;_" hence, "one who is _separated_," "a foreigner." And even though Clel. Voc. 126., n., admits that _purus_, "clean," "_separated_ from dross," originally signifies cleansing by fire, [Greek: pur], yet both it and _far-farris_, "bread-corn," i. e. _separated_ from the husk, and _fur-fur_, "bran," which is _separated_ from the flour, may find their origin possibly from the same source.

E. S. T.

_Royal and distinguished Disinterments._--It is suggested that a volume of deep and general interest might be very easily formed by collecting and arranging the various notices that have from time to time appeared, of the disinterment of royal and distinguished personages. This hint seems deserving of the attention of Messrs. Nichols.

J. H. M.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.

The great interest excited by the further discovery in August last, of tesselated pavements at Cirencester induced Professor Buckman and Mr. Newmarch at once to issue proposals for a work, descriptive not only of those beautiful specimens of Roman art, but also of all such other of the numerous remains found in the same locality as they could satisfactorily identify. The result was, such a well-filled Subscription List, and such ready co-operation on the part of those who had collectetd and preserved such objects, as have enabled these Gentlemen to produce, under the title of _Illustrations of the Remains of Roman Art in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium_, a work which will not only gratify the antiquary by its details, and the beauty and fidelity of its engravings, but enable the general reader, without any great exercise of imagination, to picture to himself the social condition of Corinium when garrisoned by Roman cohorts,

"'Ere the wide arch of the ranged Empire fell."

To the grandeur of form, dignity of character, and great breadth of treatment exhibited in these Pavements,--Mr. Westmacott, the Royal Academician, bears his testimony; and the fidelity with which they have been copied in the valuable work before us reflects the highest credit upon all parties engaged in its production.

Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Wednesday next an extraordinary Collection of MSS., comprising a cotemporary MS. of Occleve's Poems, Autograph Poetry of Mary Queen of Scots; Legend of St. Molaisse, an Irish MS. of the 11th century, &c., and, among other things, many thousand early Charters, from the time of the Conqueror to the 17th century.

We have received the following Catalogues:--Charles Dolman's (61. New Bond Street) Catalogue of Books in various Languages; Supplement E., comprising many of the works of the Fathers, Ecclesiastical History, &c.; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXIII., No. 7. for 1850, of Old and New Books.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._)

ARISTOTLE, Buhle's edition, vol. v.

ARNOLD'S THUCYDIDES, vol. i.

KANT'S SAEMMTLICHE WERKE, edition of Schuberand Rosenkrantz (von Leipsic), Part XI.--Query, Has this eleventh part been published?

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

VOLUME THE FIRST, _Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth_. THE INDEX, _which we publish this day, is, we trust, sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the utility of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, _we may confidently point to the Index as a proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study what it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valable Notes and Illustrations of it_.

* * * * *

Just published in 8vo., with a Portrait and Plates, Price 12s., cloth; or, in royal 8vo. (large paper), Price 18s. 6d. cloth,

DILSTON HALL; or, Memoirs of the Right Hon. James Radcliff, Earl of Derwentwater, a Martyr in the Rebellion of 1715. To which is added, a visit to Bamburgh Castle; with an Account of Lord Crewe's Charities, and a Memoir of the Noble Founder. Forming the Second Series of Descriptive and Historical Notices of Northumbrian Churches and Castles. By WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON, Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., Barrister-at-Law.

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.

* * * * *

The following Periodical Works will be published on July 1.

THE IMPERIAL CYCLOPÆDIA OF GEOGRAPHY--THE BRITISH EMPIRE, Part III., Price 2s. 6d.

HALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. Part III., Price 6d. Issued also in Weekly Numbers, Price 1½d.

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, Part XLII., Price 1s.

*** Vol. X. is now ready, in cloth boards, price 5s.

RE-ISSUE OF THE NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA, in Monthly Volumes, cloth, Vol. VI., Price 5s.

On the same day will be published,

HALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. The First Quarter, forming a Volume with a Frontispiece, containing Portraits of SPENSER, Lord BACON, JEREMY TAYLOR, and Dr. JOHNSON, handsomely bound in cloth, Price Half-a-Crown.

London: CHARLES KNIGHT, Fleet Street.

{80}

* * * * *

THE BARONIAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF SCOTLAND. Illustrated by ROBERT WILLIAM BILLINGS and WILLIAM BURN, Architects. To be completed in Sixty Parts, of which Forty are published; each containing Four large Engravings on Steel, by J. H. LE KEUX and other Artists, and One or more Woodcuts, with Descriptive Letterpress; Price, in medium quarto, 2s. 6d. each.

"The 'Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities' of Mr. Billings is the
first work which, either in point of extent or of style, has any claim
to be regarded as a collection worthy of the remains yet spared to
Scotland."--_Quarterly Review._

* * * * *

MEMORIALS OF THE CASTLE OF EDINBURGH. BY JAMES GRANT, Author of "Memoirs of Kirkaldy of Grange", &c. &c. With Twelve Illustrations, engraved on Wood by BRANSTON. In crown octavo, Price 7s. 6d.

"Of the different books of this nature that have fallen in our way, we
do not remember one that has equalled Mr. Grant's 'Memorials of the
Castle of Edinburgh.'"--_The Spectator._

* * * * *

MEMOIRS AND ADVENTURES OF SIR WILLIAM KIRKALDY OF GRANGE, Knight, Commander of French Horse, Lord of the Secret Council, and Governor of the Castle of Edinburgh for Mary Queen of Scots. In One Vol., post octavo, Price 10s. 6d.

"It is seldom indeed that we find history so written,--in a style at
once vigorous, perspicuous, and picturesque. The author's heart is
thoroughly with his subject; and he exhibits, ever and anon, flashes of
the old Scottish spirit, which we are glad to believe has not decayed
from the land."--_Blackwood's Magazine._

* * * * *

LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS, AND OTHER POEMS. By WILLIAM EDMONSTOUNE AYTOUN, Professor of Rhetoric in the University of Edinburgh. Third Edition. With an APPENDIX, containing Examination of Statements in MACAULAY'S "HISTORY OF ENGLAND," relative to GRAHAME of Claverhouse. In fcp. octavo, Price 9s.

"Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found in
the language."--_The Times._

"A volume of verse which shows that Scotland has yet a poet. Full of
the true fire, it now stirs and swells like a trumpet note--now sinks
in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland dirge."--_Quarterly
Review._

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THE NEW STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF SCOTLAND. In Fifteen large Volumes octavo, Price 16l. 10s.

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A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, and GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations drawn from the best Examples, and Engraved on Wood by JEWITT and other eminent Artists.

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THE LATEST WORK ON NINEVEH.

Now ready, Fourth Edition, with upwards of 100 Plates and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo., 36s.

NINEVEH AND ITS REMAINS: being a Narrative of Researches and Discoveries amidst the Ruins of Assyria. With an Account of the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan; the Yezidis, or Devil-worshippers; and an Enquiry into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD, D.C.L.

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