Chapter D: Rock

[U.J.B., if desirous of further particulars respecting St. John
Nepomuc, may consult Mrs. Jameson's interesting _Legends of the
Monastic Orders_, pp. 214. 217.--ED.]

_Cavell, meaning of_ (Vol. i., p. 473.).--I concur entirely with the etymology of the word _cavell_ given at p. 473. A lake having been drained in my country, the land is still divided into _Kavelingen_; as lots of land were formerly measured by strings of cord, _kavel_, _kabel_, _cable_. Vide Tuinman _Trakkel_, d. n. t. p. 165. _Kavelloten_ is to receive a cavell by _lot._ cf. _Idem, Verrolg_, p. 97.

JANUS DOUSA.

_Lord Kingsborough's Antiquities of Mexico._--Has Lord Kingsborough's splendid work on Mexican hieroglyphics ever been completed or not?

J.A. GILES.

[This magnificent work has been recently completed by the
publication of the eighth volume, which may, we believe, be
procured from Mr. Henry Bohn.--ED.]

_Aërostation_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--The article BALLOON, in the _Penny Cyclopædia_, would give C.B.M. a good many references. The early works there mentioned are those of Faujas de St. Fond, Bourgeois, and Cavallo; to which I add the following: Thomas Baldwin, _Airopaidia, containing the Narrative of a Balloon Excursion from Chester, Sept_. 8. 1785. Chester, 1786, 8vo. (pp. 360.).

Vincent Lunardi published the account of his voyage (the first made in England) in a series of letters to a friend. The title is torn out in my copy. The first page begins, "An Account of the First Aërial Voyage in England. Letter I. London, July 15. 1784." (8vo. pp. 66 + ii. with a plate.) It ends with a poetical epistle to Lunardi by "a gentleman well known in the literary world" (query, the same who is thus cited in our day?) from which the following extracts are taken as a specimen of the original balloon jokes:--

"The multitude scarcely believed that a man,
With his senses about him could form such a plan,
And thought that as Bedlam was so very nigh,
You had better been there than turned loose in the sky.

* * * * *

"In their own way of thinking, all felt and all reasoned,
Greedy aldermen judged that your flight was ill-seasoned,
That you'd better have taken a good dinner first,
Nor have pinched your poor stomach by hunger or thirst.

"In perfect indifference the beau yawned a blessing,
And feared before night that your hair would want dressing;
But the ladies, all zeal, sent their wishes in air,
For a man of such spirit is ever their care.

"Attornies were puzzled how now they could sue you,
Underwriters, what premium they'd now take to do you;
While the sallow-faced Jew, of his monies so fond,
Thanked Moses he never had taken your bond."

Mr. Baldwin ascended in Lunardi's balloon, the latter being present at the start, though not taking part in the voyage.

M.

_Concolinel_ (Vol. ii., p. 217.).--I have been many years engaged in researches connected with {318} the _original_ music of Shakspeare's Plays, but it has not been my good fortune to meet with the air of _Concolinel_. The communication of your correspondent R. is of the greatest interest, and I should be for ever grateful if he would allow me to see the manuscript in question, in order that I might test the _genuineness_ of the air "stated, in a recent hand, to be the tune of _Concolinel_ mentioned by Shakspeare."

This air has double claims on our attention, as its existence, in any shape, is placed amongst the "doubtful" points by the following note extracted from the Rev. J. Hunter's _New Illustrations of Shakspeare_, vol. i. p. 268.:--

"Concolinel. In the absence of any thing like sufficient
explanation or justification of this word, if word it is, I will
venture to suggest the possibility that it is a corruption of a
stage direction, _Cantat Ital._, for _Cantat Italicé_; meaning
that here Moth sings an Italian song. It is quite evident, from
what Armado says, when the song was ended, 'Sweet air!' that a
song of some sort was sung, and one which Shakespeare was
pleased with, and meant to praise. If Moth's song had been an
English song, it would have been found in its place as the other
songs are."

I, for one, cannot subscribe to Mr. Hunter's suggestion that our great poet intended an _Italian_ song to be sung in his play and for this reason, that Italian music for a _single voice_ was almost unknown in this country in 1597, at which date we know _Love's Labour's Lost_ was in existence. Surely _Concolinel_ is just as likely to be the burden of a song as _Calen o Custure me_, mentioned in _Henry the Fifth_ (Act iv. sc. 4.), of which there is now no doubt.

I may just mention, in passing, that I have discovered the air of _Calen o Custure me_ in a manuscript that once belonged to Queen Elizabeth, and have ample proof that it was an especial favourite with her maiden majesty. The commentators were at fault when they pointed out the more modern tune of the same name in Playford's _Musical Companion_, 1667.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

S. Augustus Square, Regent's Park.

_Andrewes's Tortura Torti_ (Vol. ii., p. 295.).--On what forms Mr. Bliss's third quotation, which _does_ appear in some shape in Bernard, _De Consid. ad Eugen._, iii. 4. 18., the _Bibliotheca Juridica_, &c., of Ferraris observes, under the head of _Dispensatio_: "Hinc dispensatio sine justa causa non dispensatio sed dissipatio dicitur communiter a doctoribus, ut observant et tenent Sperell;" then referring to several Romish canonists, &c., the last being Reiffenstuel, lib. i., _Decretal_, tit. 2., n. 450., of which I give the full reference, his volumes being accessible in the British Museum, if not elsewhere.

NOVUS.

_Swords worn in Public_ (Vol. ii., p. 218.)--A very respected and old friend of mine, now deceased, used to relate that he had often seen the celebrated Wilkes, of political notoriety, walking in the public streets, dressed in what is usually termed court dress, wearing his sword. Wilkes died in 1797. In connexion with this subject it may be interesting to your readers to know that in 1701 it was found necessary to prohibit footmen wearing swords. An order was issued by the Earl Marshal in that year, declaring that--

"Whereas many mischiefs and dangerous accidents, tending not
onely to the highest breach of the peace, but also to the
destruction of the lives of his Ma'ties subjects, have happend
and been occasioned by Footmen wearing of Swords, for the
prevention of the like evill accidents and disturbance for the
future, I doe hereby order that no Foot-man attending any of the
Nobilitye or Gentry of his Ma'ties Realms, during such time as
they or any of them shall reside or bee within the Cities of
London or Westm'r, and the Liberties and Precincts of the same,
shall wear any Sword, Hanger, Bagonet, or other such like
offensive weapon, as they will answer the Contempt hereof."
Dated 30th Dec. 1701.

F.E.

_Speech given to Man to conceal his Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 83.).--The maxim quoted by your correspondent F.R.A. was invented, if I may rely upon the _notebook_ of memory, by the Florentine Machiavelli. The German writer Ludwig Börne says:--

"Macchiavelli, der die Freiheit liebte, schrieb seinem Prinzen
so, dass er alle rechtschaffenen Psychologen in Verlegenheit und
in solche Verwirrung gebracht, dass sie gar nicht mehr wussten,
was sie sprachen und sie behaupteten, Macchiavelli habe eine
politische Satyre geschrieben."

Le style c'est l'homme!

JANUS DOUSA.

_The Character "&,", and Meaning of "Parse"_ (Vol. ii., pp. 230. 284.).--This character, being different from any of the twenty-four letters, was placed at the end of the alphabet, and children, after repeating their letters, were taught to indicate this symbol as _and-per-se-and_. Instead of spelling the word _and_, as composed of three letters, it was denoted by a special symbol, which was "_and by itself, and_." Hence the corruption, an _ampussy and_.

The word _parse_ is also derived from the Latin _per se_. To _parse_ a sentence is to take the words _per se_, and to explain their grammatical form and etymology.

L.

_Wife of Edward the Outlaw_ (Vol. ii., p. 279.).--With reference to the Query of E.H.Y. (Vol. ii., p. 279.), there seems to be much confusion in all the accounts of Edward's marriage. I think it is evident, from an attentive consideration of the various authorities, that the Lady Agatha was {319} either sister to Giselle, wife of _Stephen_, King of Hungary (to whom the young princes must have been sent, as _he_ reigned from A.D. 1000 till A.D. 1038), and sister also to the Emperor Henry II., or, as some writers seem to think, she was the daughter of Bruno, that emperor's brother. (See a note in Dr. Lingard's _History_, vol. i. p. 349.)

That she was not the _daughter_ of either Henry II., Henry III., or Henry IV., is very certain; in the first case, for the reason stated by your correspondent; and in the second, because Henry III. was only twelve years old when he succeeded his father Conrad II. (in the year 1039), which of course puts his son Henry IV. quite out of the question, who was born A.D. 1049. It strikes me (and perhaps some of your correspondents will correct me if I am wrong) that the two English princes _may_ have respectively married the two ladies to whom I have referred, and that hence may have arisen the discrepancies in the different histories: but that the wife of Edward the Outlaw was _one_ of these two I have no doubt.

O.P.Q.

_Translations of the Scriptures_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--C.F.S. may perhaps find _The Bible of every Land_, now publishing by Messrs. Bagster, serviceable in his inquiries respecting Roman Catholic translations of the Scriptures. The saying of the Duke of Lancaster is found in the first edition of Foxe's _Acts and Monuments_, and in the modern reprint, iv. 674.; the original of the treatise from which it is taken being in C.C. College, Cambridge. (See Nasmith's _Catalogue_, p. 333.)

NOVUS.

_Scalping_ (Vol. ii., p. 220.).--W.B.D. confounds beheading with scalping. In the American war many British soldiers, it was said, walked about without their _scalps_, but not without their heads.

SANDVICENSIS.

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MISCELLANEOUS.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

No one branch of antiquarian study has been pursued with greater success during the last few years than that of Gothic Architecture; and, to this success, no single work has contributed in any proportion equal to that of the _Glossary of Terms used in Grecian, Roman, Italian, and Gothic Architecture_. Since the year 1836, in which this work first appeared, no fewer than four large editions, each an improvement upon its predecessor, have been called for and exhausted. The fifth edition is now before us; and, we have no doubt, will meet, as it deserves, the same extended patronage and success. When we announce that in this fifth edition the text has been considerably augmented by the enlargement of many of the old articles, as well as by the addition of many new ones, among which Professor Willis has embodied a great part of his _Architectural Nomenclature of the Middle Ages_; that the number of woodcuts has been increased from eleven hundred to seventeen hundred; and lastly, that the Index has been rendered far more complete, by including in it the names of places mentioned, and the foreign synonyms; we have done more to show its increased value than any mere words of commendation would express. While the only omission that has been made, namely, that of the utensils and ornaments of the Mediæval Church (with the exception of the few such as altars, credences, piscinas, and sedilias, which belong to architectural structure and decoration), is a portion of the work which all must admit to have been foreign to a Glossary of Architectural Terms, and must therefore agree to have been wisely and properly left out. The work in its present form is, we believe, unequalled in the architectural literature of Europe, for the amount of accurate information which it furnishes, and the beauty of its illustrations; and as such, therefore, does the highest credit both to its editor and to its publisher; if, indeed, the editor and publisher be not identical.

Mr. L.A. Lewis, of 125. Fleet Street, has commenced a series of weekly Book Sales, to take place every Friday during the months of October and November, and has arranged that parties sending large or small parcels of books for sale during the one week, may have them sold on the Friday in the week following.

We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 19. for 1850 of Oriental Literature, Manuscripts, Theology, Classics, &c.; John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 12. for 1850 of History, Antiquities, Heraldry, &c., and Conchology, Geology, and other popular Sciences.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

An early Edition of the HISTORY OF JACK AND THE GIANTS.

Odd Volumes

TURNER'S SACRED HISTORY. Vol. III. First Edition, 8vo.

Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen_.

_The Monthly Part for September, being the Fourth of Vol. II., is also now ready, price 1s._

NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels_.

_As the Suggestion we threw out in our last week's Paper of publishing an extra Number for the purpose of clearing off our accumulation of REPLIES, seems to have given general satisfaction, we shall, on Saturday next, issue a Double Number, to be devoted chiefly, if not entirely, to REPLIES._

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THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXIV., is published THIS DAY.

CONTENTS