Chapter II: Part 2

_Mrs. Partington_ (Vol. ii., p. 377.).--IGNORANS no doubt refers to the oft-repeated allusion to "Dame Partington and her mop;" and taking it for granted that he does so, I will enlighten him a little on the subject. The "original Mrs. Partington" was a respectable old lady, living, at Sidmouth in Devonshire; her cottage was on the beach, and during an awful storm (that, I think, of Nov. 1824, when some fifty or sixty ships were wrecked at Plymouth) the sea rose to such a height as every now and then to invade the old lady's place of domicile: in fact, almost every wave dashed in at the door. Mrs. Partington, with such help as she could command, with mops and brooms, as fast as the water entered the house, mopped it out again; until at length the waves had the mastery, and the dame was compelled to retire to an upper story of the house. I well recollect reading in the Devonshire newspapers of the time an account similar to the above: but the first allusion to the circumstance was, I think, made by Lord Brougham in his celebrated speech in the house of Commons on the Reform Bill, in which he compared the Conservative opposition to the bill to be like the opposition of "Dame Partington and her mop, who endeavoured to mop out the waves of the Atlantic."

ROBERT COLE.

_Mrs. Partington._--Mr. Greene, the witty editor of the _Boston (N.E.) Post_, is believed to be the original of Mrs. Partington: at least he fathers all her sayings. He began to print them about twelve or fifteen years ago.

G.M.B.

[G.M.B. has also kindly forwarded to us some of "_Mrs. Partington's
Queries_ from a recent number of the _Boston Post_, from which we
select a couple of specimens, viz.,--

"Whether the Emperor of China is a _porcelain_ statue or a mere
fiction?"

"Is the _Great Seal_ alive, or only stuffed?"]

_The East Anglian Word "Mauther"_ (Vol. ii., pp. 217. 365.).--Skinner's note on this word is

"Mawther, vox Norfolciensi agro peculiaris: _Spelman_ ipse eodem agro
ortus a Dan. _Moer_, Virgo, Puella, deflectit. Possit tamen et
declinari a Belg. _Maegd_, Teut. _Magd_, idem signante, addita term.
_er_ vel _der_, ut in proximo agro Lincolniensi in vocibus _Heeder_ et
_Sheeder_ quae Marem et Feminam notant. Author Dict. Angl. scribit
_Modder_, et cum Kiliano deducit a Belg. _Modde_, _Moddeken_, Pupa,
Puella, Virgincula."--_Etymol._ sub voce.

Webster merely gives (with strange neglect, having Skinner before him): {412}

"Mauther, a foolish young girl(not used)."--_Ben Jonson._

Skinner is, I believe, wrong in assigning the _r_ termination to the Danish word. Such a termination of the word _maid_ is not to be found in any of the Teutonic dialects. The diphthong sound and the _th_ appear frequently; as,

1. Moeso-Gothic: _Magath_ or _Magaths_; _Mawi_,
dim. _Mawilo_.
2. Anglo-Saxon: _Maeth_, _Maegth_, dim. _Meowla_.
3. Old-German: _Maget_.
4. Swedish: _Moe_.
5. Norse: _Moei_.

I therefore suppose the _r_ termination in _mauther_ to be a mere corruption, like that pointed out by Skinner in the Lincoln Folk-speech: or is it possible that it may have arisen from a contusion of the words _maid_ and _mother_ in Roman Catholic times? In Holland the Virgin Mary was called _Moeder Maagd_,--a phrase which may possibly have crossed over to the East Anglian coast, and occasioned the subsequent confusion.

B.H.K.

P.S. Do the words _modde_, _moddeken,_ quoted by Skinner, exist? and, if so, are they Dutch or Flemish? I have no means of verifying them at hand.

[On referring to Kilian's _Dictionarium Teutonico-Latin-Gallicum_ (ed.
1642), we find, "MODDE, MODDEKEN, Pupa, Poupee."]

_Cheshire Cat_ (Vol. ii., p. 377.).--A correspondent, T.E.L.P.B.T., asks the explanations of the phrase, "grinning like a Cheshire cat." Some years since Cheshire cheeses were sold in this town moulded into the shape of a cat, bristles being inserted to represent the whiskers. This may possibly have originated the saying.

T.D.

Bath.

"_Thompson of Esholt_" (Vol. ii., p. 268.).--In an old pedigree of the Calverley family, I find it stated that _Henry Thompson of Esholt_ (whose only daughter _Frances_ William Calverley of Calverley married, and by her acquired that property) was great-grandson to Henry Thompson,

"One of the king's gentlemen-at-arms at the siege of Boulogne (temp. H.
7.), where he notably signalised himself, and for his service was
rewarded with the _Maison Dieu at Dover_, by gift of the king;
afterwards, in the reign of Edward VI., exchanged it for the manor and
rectory of _Bromfield_ in Cumberland, and the site of the late
dissolved nunnery of Esholt."

Further particulars regarding the above grant of _Bromefield_, and a _pedigree_ of the Thompsons, are published in _Archaeologia Oeliana_, vol. ii. (1832), p. 171.

W.C. TREVELYAN.

Wallington.

_Minar's Book of Antiquities_ (Vol. i., p. 277.; ii. p. 344.).--I am much obliged to T.J. for his endeavours to help me to Minar's _Book of Antiquities_. But there still remains a chasm too wide for me to jump; inasmuch as Christopher Meiners published his treatise _De Vero Deo_ in 1780, and Cardinal Cusa, who refers to Minar, died in 1464, being more than 300 years before.

A.N.

_Croziers and Pastoral Staves_ (Vol. ii., pp. 248, 313.).--The opinion expressed by the REV. MR. WALCOT (in your No. 50.), that by the word _crozier_ is to be understood the crossed staff belonging only to archbishops and legates, while the staff with a crook at its end is to be called the pastoral staff, cannot, I think, be considered satisfactory, for the following, among other reasons.

Crozier is generally (I should formerly have said universally) understood to mean the staff with a crook, the so well-known "ensign of bishops."

In the instances mentioned by MR. WALCOT, _croziers_ are repeatedly spoken of as having been borne at the funerals of _bishops_, while the crosses borne before Wolsey are called crosses, and not croziers.

The word _crozier_ seems to be derived from the mediaeval Latin word _crocia_. This is explained by Ducange: "Pedum, baculus pastoralis, episcopalis." Crocia seems to be derived from, or closely connected with, "crocha, uncinus, lamus," and "crochum, uncus quo arcubalistae tenduntur" (Ducange). Hence it appears that _crozier_ does not refer to a cross but to a crook.

In such ancient authorities as I have had the opportunity of referring to at the moment, as brasses, incised slabs, &c., bishops and archbishops are alike represented with the crooked staff; a cross is of more rare occurrence, and at the moment only two instances occur to me, one in the fine brass of Frederic, son of Casimir, king of Poland, and a cardinal, which is in the cathedral of Cracow, and in which he is represented holding a crozier, while crosses are figured on the sides under the cardinal's hat. The other is in the curious brass of Lambert, bishop of Bamberg, in the cathedral of that city: in this the bishop holds a cross in his right and a crozier in his left hand.

The statement that the crook of the bishop's staff was bent outwards, and that of the abbot's inward, is one which is often made in books; I should, however, be very glad to learn whether any difference has been observed to exist either in mediaeval representations of croziers on seals, accompanying, effigies, or in paintings, or in the existing examples. So far as I have seen, the crook, in all except a few early instances, is bent in the same manner, _i.e._ inwards.

N.

_Socinian Boast_ (Vol. ii., p. 375.).--The following lines "De Ruina Babylonis" occur in the works of a Socinian writer, one Samuelis Przipcovius, who died in 1670, and evidently have reference to those quoted by Dr. Pusey:-- {413}

"Quid per Luterum, Calvinum, perque Socinum,
Funditus eversam jam Babylona putas?
Perstat adhuc _Babylon_, et toto regnat in orbe
Sub vario primum nomine robur habens.
Ostentat _muros_, jactat sublimia _tecta_
De _fundamento_ quis metus esse potest?
Ni Deus hanc igitur molem disjecerit ipse
Humano nunquam Marte vel arte ruet."

Przipcovius was a Polish knight, and cotempory the author of _Hudibras_. In a tract entitled _Religio Vindicata a Calumniis Atheismi_, he thus alludes to the spiritual Quixotism which induced Butler to "crack the satiric thong:"

"Saepe audivi quod in _Anglia_ (quae regio sicut in multis aliis rebus,
sic praecipue in religionibus totius mundi compendium est) de ejusmodi
fanaticis perhibetur, quod ita sui suarumque irrationabilium opinionum
sint amantes, ut audeant propter eas divinam Providentiam angustis
Ecclesiarum suarum (quae ex angustis cujuslibet Penatibus constant)
terminis circumscribere.... Et quemadmodum omnes isti miseri aperte
delirant, praecipue ii quos zeli aestus eousque deducit, ut tanquam
bacchantes aut cerriti per plateas, domos, templa, absque ullo ordine
et respectu cursitantes concionentur, et interdum _anseres, equos, vel
oves_ (cujus rei ibi satis frequentia exempla occurrunt) dum eis
homines aures praebere nolunt, ad suas opiniones convertere tentent."

R. PRICE.

Cheam.

_MSS. of Locke_ (Vol. i., pp. 401. 462.).--In reply to a question in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I may state, that the address of the son of the late Dr. Hancock, is George H., Park Grove, Birkenhead; and he will furnish information relative to the MSS. of Locke.

AN INTENDED READER.

_Sir William Grant_ (Vol. ii., p. 397.).--Your correspondent R. says that "_Sir William Grant_" was one of the few Scotchmen who had freed himself from the peculiarities of the speech of his country. Frank Horner is another." If R. means to include the _Scottish accent_, he is mistaken as to Sir William Grant, who retained a strong Scottish _burr_. If he means only correctness of diction, then I should say the number was not _few_. Mackintosh's and Jeffery's English was, I think, quite as pure as Horner's; and Lord Brougham, with much idiosyncrasy, had no _Scotch peculiarities_, at least--_me judice_--infinitely less than Sir William Grant. I could name twenty members of the present houses of parliament in whom I have never detected any "Scotch peculiarity."

C.

_Tristan d'Acunha_ (Vol. ii., p. 358.).--The island is noticed, but briefly, in p. 54. of the first volume of Perouse's _Voyage round the World_, Lond. 1799. It is there stated that a tolerably minute account of it is contained in _Le Neptune Oriental_, by D'Apres (or Apres de Manvilette). This work was published in Paris, 1775, in two volumes, large folio.

C.I.R.

_Arabic Numerals_ (Vol.ii., pp. 27. 61. 339.).-- In a work in Arabic, by Ahmad ben Abubekr bin Wahshih, on Ancient Alphabets, published in the original, and accompanied with an English translation, by Von Hammer, your correspondent on the subject of Arabic numerals will find that these numerals were not invented as arbitrary signs, and borrowed for various alphabets; but that they are actually taken from an Indian alphabet of nine characters, the remaining letters being made up at each decimal by repeating the nine characters, with one or two dots. The English Preface states that this alphabet is still in use in India, not merely as a representative of numbers, but of letters of native language. The book is a neat quarto, printed in London in 1806; and the alphabet occurs in page 7. of the Arabic original.

E.C.H.

Athenaeum.

_Luther's Hymns_ (Vol. ii., p. 327.).--If F.Q. will turn to Mr. Palmer's _Origines Liturgicae_, vol. ii. p. 238. 4th edit., he will find that the sentence in the Burial Service, "In the midst of life we are in death," &c., is taken from the _Salisbury Breviary Psalter_. The Salisbury Use was drawn up by Bishop Osmund in the eleventh century.

N.E.R. (a Subscriber.)

_Bolton's Ace._--What is the meaning of "_Bolton's Ace_," in the following passage in the address to the reader prefixed to Henry Hutton's _Follies Anatomie_, 8vo. Lond. 1618? It is passed over by DR. RIMBAULT in his reprint of the work for the Percy Society in 1842:

"Could ye attacke this felon in's disgrace,
I would not bate an inch (not _Bolton's ace_)
To baite, deride, nay, ride this silly asse."

J. CT.

["_Bate me an ace quoth Bolton_" is an old proverb of unknown origin.
Ray tells us that a _Collection of Proverbs_ having been presented to
Queen Elizabeth, with an assurance that it contained all the proverbs
in the English language. "Bate me an ace, quoth Bolton," said the
queen, implying that the assertion was too strong; and, in fact, that
every proverb was not in the collection. See Nares' _Glossary_, who
quotes the following epigram by H.P., to show the collection referred
to

"_Secundae Cogitutiones meliores._

"A pamphlet was of proverbs penned by Polton,
Wherein he thought all sorts included were;
Untill one told him _Bate m' an ace quoth Bolton_,
'Indeed,' said he, 'that proverb is not there.'"]

_Hopkins the Witchfinder_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--If the inquiry of CLERICUS relates to Mathew Hopkins the witchfinder general, my friend W.S. Fitch of Ipswich has some manuscript account of his residence in that town, as a lawyer of but little {414} note, and his removal to Manningtree, in Essex; but whether it gives any further particulars of him I am unable to state, as I have not seen the manuscript.

J. CLARKE.

_Sir Richard Steel_ (Vol. ii., p.375.).--The death and burial-place of Sir Richard Steel is thus noticed in Cibber's _Lives of the Poets_, vol. iv. p.120.:--

"Some years before his death he grew paralytic, and retired to his seat
at Langunnor, near Caermarthen, in Wales, where he died, September 1st,
1729, and was privately interred, according to his own desire, in the
church of Caermarthen."

J.V.R.W.

_Ale-draper_ (Vol. ii., p.310.).--A common designation for an ale-house keeper in the sixteenth century. Henry Chettle, in his very curious little publication, _Kind-Harts Dreame_, 1592 (edited for the Percy Society by your humble servant), has the following passage:

"I came up to London, and fall to be some tapster, hostler, or
chamberlaine in an inn. Well, I get mee a wife; with her a little
money; when we are married, seeke a house we must; no other occupation
have I but to be an _ale-draper_." (P. 37. of reprint.)

Again, in the same tract, the author speaks of "two milch maydens that had set up a shoppe of "_ale-drapery_."

In the _Discoverie of the Knights of the Poste_, 1597, is another notice of the same occupation:

"So that now hee hath left brokery, and is become a draper. A draper,
quoth Freeman, what draper--of woollin or linnen? No, qd. he, an
_ale-draper_, wherein he hath more skil then in the other."

Probably these instances of the use of the term may be sufficient for your correspondent.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

P.S. The above was written before J.S.W.'s note appeared (Vol. ii., p. 360.), which does not carry the use of this term further back than Bailey's _Dictionary_.

_George Herbert_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.) was buried under the communion table at Bemerton, but there is no monument to his memory. The adornment of his little church would be one of the most fitting offerings to his memory. It is painful to contrast the whitewash and unpainted deal of the house of God with the rich furniture and hangings of the adjoining rectory. In the garden of the latter is preserved a medlar-tree, planted by "the sweet singer of the temple."

J.W.H.

_Notaries Public_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.).--Why does your correspondent MANLEIUS think this form of expression "putting the cart before the horse?" _Public notary_ (though that phrase is sometimes erroneously used) is not so exact as "notary public;" for a notary is not, as the first form would imply, a public officer appointed by the public to perform public services, but an individual agent through whose ministry private acts or instruments become _publici juris_. The same form, and for analogous reasons, prevails in several other legal and technical titles or phrases, as Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, Accountant-General, Receiver-General, Surveyor-General; Advocate Fiscal; Theatre Royal, Chapel Royal; Gazette Extraordinary; and many other phrases in which it is evident that the adjective has a special and restricted meaning.

C.

_Tobacconists_ (Vol. ii, p. 393.).--There was, in the old house of commons, a room called the _smoking-room_, where members tired of the debate used to retire to smoke, and in later years to drink tea or write letters. These, no doubt, were meant by the _Tobacconists_, members within call, though not actually within the house.

C.

_Vineyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--In answer to CLERICUS, I beg to say that there is a piece of land called the Vineyards situated in the warm and sheltered valley of Claverton, about two miles from Bath: it formerly belonged to the Abbey of Bath.

There is also in the suburbs, on the north side of the city of Bath, a _street_ called the Vineyards; but I do not know that this ever belonged to the Abbey.

G. FALKNER.

Devizes.

* * * * *

MISCELLANEOUS.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

Those who know Mr. Craik's happy tact for seizing on the more striking points of a character or an incident, his acquaintance with our national history and biography, his love of research, and perseverance in following up a clue, were prepared to expect both instruction and amusement from his _Romance of the Peerage_. Nor were they doomed to disappointment. Each succeeding volume has added to the interest of the work and there can be little doubt, that the favour with which the first three volumes have been received by the reading world, will be extended to the one now published, and which concludes the first series, or main division of Mr. Craik's projected work.

Our space will permit us to do little more than specify its principal contents; but when we state that in the present volume Mr. Craik treats of the _great_ Earl of Cork and the Boyles; of the founders of the Fermor, Bouverie, Osborne, and Bamfylde families; that he gives us with great completeness the history of Anne Clifford, the most remarkable woman of her time; that he furnishes pleasant gossipping pictures of the rise of the families of Fox, Phips, and Petty; the history of the celebrated claim of the Trunkmaker to the honours of the Percies,--of the story of the heiress of the Percies who married Tom Thynn of Longleat Hall; and lastly, that of Ann of Buccleugh, {415} the widow of the unfortunate Monmouth, we shall have done more than enough to make our readers wish to share the pleasure we have derived from turning over Mr. Craik's amusing pages.

Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Monday next, and two following days, a valuable collection of books, chiefly the property of a gentleman deceased, among which we may specify _la Vie Saint Germain L'Auxerrois_ (lettres gotheques), printed on vellum, and quite unique; no other copy even on paper being known.

We have received the following Catalogues:-- Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) German Book Circular, a Quarterly List of New Publications, No. 26.; John Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho) Catalogue No. 1. for 1851 of an extensive Collection of Choice, Useful, and Curious Books in most Classes of Literature, English and Foreign.

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