Chapter L: M. M. R

_On the Lingering of the Spirit._--Perhaps you may think the following story worthy of insertion in your paper.

There is a common belief among the poor, that the spirit will linger in the body of a child a long time when the parent refuses to part with it. I said to Mrs. B., "Poor little H. lingered a long time; I thought, when I saw him, that he must have died the same day, but he lingered on!"

"Yes," said Mrs. B., "it was a great shame of his mother. He wanted to die, and she would not let him die: she couldn't part with him. There she stood, fretting over him, and couldn't give him up; and so we said to her, 'He'll never die till you give him up.' And then she gave him up; and he died quite peaceably."

RICH. B. MACHELL.

Vicarage, Barrow-on-Humber, Jan. 13. 1851.

_May Cats_ (Vol. iii., p. 20.).--In Hampshire, to this day, we always kill May kittens.

CX.

_Mottos on Warming-Pans and Garters._--It seems to have been much the custom, about two centuries ago, to engrave more or less elaborately the brass lids of warming-pans with different devices, such as armorial bearings, &c., in the centre, and with an inscription or a motto surrounding the device. A friend of the writer has in his possession three such lids of warming-pans, one of which has engraven on the centre a hart passant, and above his back a shield, bearing the arms of Devereux, the whole surrounded by this inscription:--

"THE . EARLE . OF . ESSEX . HIS . ARMES."

Another bears the arms of the commonwealth, (as seen on the coins of the Protectorate,) encircled with an inscription, thus:--

"ENGLANDS . STATS . ARMES."

The third bears a talbot passant, with the date above its back, 1646, and the motto round:--

"IN . GOD . IS . ALL . MY . TRUST."

It appears to me that the first two, at least, belonged to _inns_, known by the respective signs indicated by the mottos, &c.; the first probably in honour of the Lord-General of the Parliament's army, who was the last Devereux bearing the title.

That last described affords a curious illustration of a passage cited in Ellis's _Brand_ (ed. 1849, vol. i. p. 245.), from _The Welsh Levite tossed in a Blanket_, 1691.

"Our _garters_, bellows, and _warming-pans_ wore godly mottos," &c.

In further illustration, I may mention that the owner of the warming-pans has in his possession likewise a beautifully manufactured long silk _garter_, of perhaps about the same date, in which are woven the following words:--

"LOVE . NOT . THE . WORLD . IN . WHICH . THOU . MUST . NOT . STAY.
BUT . LOVE . THE . TREASURE . THAT . ABIDES . ALWAY."

H. G. T.

* * * * *

NOTES ON JESSE'S "LONDON AND ITS CELEBRITIES."

During my perusal of Mr. Jesse's pleasant volumes, I marked two or three slips of the pen, which it may not be amiss to make a note of.

In vol. i. pp. 403, 404, 405., there is a curious treble error regarding Thomas Sutton, the munificent founder of the Charter House. He is successively styled _Sir_ Thomas, _Sir Richard_, and _Sir Robert_. Sutton's Christian name was Thomas. He was never knighted. Of the quaint leaden case which incloses his remains, and of its simple inscription, an accurate drawing, with accompanying particulars, by your able correspondent Mr. E. B. PRICE, was inserted in the _Gent. Mag._ for January, 1843, p. 43. The inscription runs thus: "1611. THOMAS SUTTON, ESQUIAR."

Vol. ii. pp. 34, 35, 36. Mr. Jesse's ingenious suggestions relative to the tradition of the burial of Oliver Cromwell in Red Lion Square, merit the careful attention of all London antiquaries.

Ib. p. 316.:

"There is no evidence of Clement's Inn having been a Court of Law
previous to 1486."

For "a court of law," read "an inn of court." {85}

Ib. p. 339. Erratum, line 9, in reference to Mrs. Garrick's reopening of her house, for the first time after her husband's decease--for "1701" read "1781," obviously a printer's error.

Ib. p. 423.:

"Cranmer's successor in the see of Canterbury was Archbishop Whitgift."

Whitgift was _Grindal's_ successor, and Grindal was preceded by Parker, who must be deemed Cranmer's successor. Cranmer perished in 1556. Parker was made archbishop in 1559.

Mr. Jesse will not be angry, I am sure, with the above notes, or need any apology for an attempt to add to the value of his book.

HENRY CAMPKIN.

Reform Club, Jan. 10. 1851.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Verstegan.--A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Antiquities, concerning the most noble and renowned English Nation. By the Study and Travel of Richard Verstegan._--There is something so sonorous and stately in the very sound of the title of Master Richard Verstegan's etymological treatise, that any bibliographical notice of it, I am sure, will find a corner in "NOTES AND QUERIES." The following MS. note is on a fly-leaf of my copy, A.D. 1655:--

"The first edition was printed at Antwerp, in 1605. A full account of
this work is given in Oldys's _British Librarian_, pp. 299 312. It
concludes with suggestions for improving any future editions: namely,
to add those animadversions, in their proper places, which have been
since occasionally made on some mistakes in it; as those made by Mr.
Sheringham on his fancy of the _Vitae_ being the ancient inhabitants of
the Isle of Wight, &c. But more especially should be admitted the
corrections of the learned Mr. Somner, he having left large marginal
notes upon Verstegan's whole book, as we are informed by Bishop
Kennett, the late accurate author of his Life. This advice has never
been acted upon."

To this is subjoined a notice of Verstegan's _Poems_.

"There is a thin 12mo. volume of _Poems_ by Richard Verstegan, of which
only one perfect copy is known. Dr Farmer had it; then a Mr. Lloyd, who
disposed of it, when it sold for 22l. 1s. Mr. Faber now has it. Another
copy, completed by MS., had belonged to T. Park, which was sold at
Sotheby's, March 11. 1821, for 1l. 19s., and bought by Triphook."

J. YEOWELL.

Hoxton.

_George Herbert and the Church at Leighton Bromswold.--Little Gidding._--Some of your readers may not be aware that George Herbert built the church of Leighton Bromswold, Hunts as well as that of Bemerton. The church stands about three-quarters of a mile to the right of the road from Huntingdon to Thrapston, and a view of it is given in Zouch's 4to. edition of Isaac Walton's _Lives_; it is stated, in a note, to be near Spalding, for which read _Spaldwick_. Herbert desired the pulpit and reading-desk to be placed on opposite sides of the church, and of the same height; to show that "preaching ought not to be esteemed above praying, nor praying above preaching."

Query, What is the state of the interior _now_, as to pews, &c.?

The nuns, if I may so call them, in the monastery at Little Gidding, Hunts, employed themselves in covering or in ornamenting the covers of books, in patterns, with silver and coloured-silk threads: a friend of mine in Surrey has a small volume so ornamented by them.

E. H.

Norwich, Jan. 20.

_Etymology of Kobold._--At page 239. of Mr. Bohn's edition of Keightley's _Fairy Mythology_, we find that Mr. K., after heading a chapter with "Kobolds," says in a note:--

"This word is usually derived from the Greek [Greek: kobalos], a knave,
_but as this is only found in lexicographers_, it may in reality be a
Teutonic word in a Greek form."

Surely, Mr. Keightley has forgotten the following passages--

1. Ar. Equites, 450. Dindf. [Conf. Ranae, 1015.]

"[Greek: KLEON: KOBALOS ei.]
[Greek: ALL. panourgos ei.]"

2. Ejusdem fab., 635.:

"[Greek: Bereschethoi te kai KOBALOI kai Mothon.]"

3. Plutus, 279.:

"[Greek: hos mothon ei te kai phusei KOBALOS.]"

4. Aristotle, _H. A._ 8. 12. 12. [Bekker Oxon.] says of a bird,

"[Greek: kobalos kai mimetes.]"

In the 2nd passage Liddell and Scott call [Greek: kobaloi] "_mischievous goblins_," which is exactly equivalent to "kobolds."

The word is also used adjectively for "knavish tricks," "rogueries."

See _Equites_, 419.:

"[Greek: Kai, ne Di', alla g' esti mou kobala paidos ontos.]"

Ranae, 104:--

"[Greek: he men kobala g' estin, hos kai soi dokei.]"

In _Equites_, 332. we find [Greek: kobalikeumata], "the tricks of a [Greek: kobalos]."

P. J. F. GANTILLON.

_Judas Cup_ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the _Ancient Monuments, Rites, and Customs of Durham_, published by the Surtees Society, we have the following account of "Judas Cup" in the refectory, which is described as--

"A goodly great mazer, called Judas Cup, edged about {86} with silver
and double gilt, with a foot underneath it to stand on, of silver and
double gilt, which was never used but on Maunday Thursday at night in
the Frater House, where the prior and the whole convent did meet and
keep their Maunday." (p. 68.)

I send this with reference to the mention of the "Judas Bell" and "Judas Candle" in your 2nd Volume, p. 298.

ECHO.

_Essheholt Priory._--Esholt Hall (now in the possession of W. R. C. Stansfield, Esq.) is the same as the ancient priory of Essheholt, which was under the abbot of Kirkstall.

This priory fell, of course, with the smaller houses, and was valued at 19l. 0s. 8d. Essheholt remained in the crown till the first year of Edward VI., nine years after the dissolution, when it was granted to Henry Thompson, Gent., one of the king's gens-d'armes at Boulogne. In this family the priory of Esholt remained somewhat more than a century, when it was transferred to the neighbouring and more distinguished house of Calverley by the marriage of Frances, daughter and heiress of H. Thompson, Esq., with Sir Walter Calverley. His son, Sir Walter Calverley, Bart., built, on the site of the old priory, the house which now stands.

Over a door of one of the out-buildings is an inscription in ancient letters, from which may be traced--"Aleisbet. Pudaci, p----," with a bird sitting on the last letter p. (Elizabeth Pudsay, prioress).

The builder of the present house died in 1749; and, in 1755, his son of the same name sold the manor-house and furniture to Robert Stansfield, Esq., of Bradford; from whom the present owner is descended.[1]

CHAS. W. MARKHAM.

Jan. 10. 1851.

[Footnote 1: Thoresby's _History of Leeds_.]

_Crossing Rivers on Skins_ (Vol. iii., p. 3.).--Mr. C. M. G., a near relative of mine, who lately returned from naval service on the Indus, told me, last year, that he had often seen there naked natives employed in fishing. The man, with his fishing-tackle, launches himself on the water, sustained by a large hollow earthen vessel having a round protuberant opening on one side. To this opening the fisherman applies his abdomen, so as to close the vessel against the influx of water; and clinging to this air-filled buoy, floats about quite unconcernedly, and plies his fishing-tackle with great success. The analogy between this Oriental buoy and the inflated skins mentioned by Layard and by your correspondent JANUS DOUSA, is sufficiently remarkable to deserve a note.

G. F. G.

Edinburgh.

* * * * *

Queries.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.

(_Continued from_ Vol. ii., p. 493.)

(31.) P. H. F. (Vol. iii., pp. 24, 25.) has described a 12mo., or rather an 8vo., copy of Latin Psalter in his possession, and he wishes to know whether Montanus had any connexion with one of the translations therein exhibited. The title-page of your correspondent's volume will tell him precisely what the book contains. He had better not rely too much upon MS. remarks in any of his treasures; and when a bibliographical question is being investigated, let _Cyclopaedias_ by all means not be disturbed from their shelves. Would it not be truly marvellous if a volume, printed by Robert Stephens in 1556, could in that year have presented, by prolepsis, to its precocious owner a version which Bened. Arias Montanus did not execute until 1571? But P. H. F.'s communication excites another query. He appears to set a special value upon his Psalter because that the verses are in it distinguished by cyphers; but Pagnini's whole Bible, which I spoke of, came thirty years before it, and we have still to go nearly twenty years farther back in search of the earliest example of the employment of Arabic figures to mark the verses in the Book of Psalms. The _Quincuplex Psalterium_, by Jacques le Fevre, is a most beautiful book, perhaps the finest production of the press of Henry Stephens the elder; and not only are the verses numbered in the copy before me, which is of the improved "secunda emissio" in 1513, but the initial letters of them are in red. At signature A iiij. there is a very handsome woodcut of the letter A., somewhat of a different style, from the larger (not the Ascensian) P., within the periphery of which St. Paul is represented, and which is so well worthy of notice in Le Fevre's edition of the _Epistole diui Pauli Apostoli_, Paris, 1517. The inquiry toward which I have been travelling is this, When did Henry Stephens first make use of the open Ratdoltian letter on dotted ground? (See Maitland's _Lambeth List_, p. 328. Dibdin's _Typog. Antiq._ vol. i., Prel. Disquis., p. xl.)

(32.) Is there extant any collation of the various exemplars of the _Alphabetum divini Amoris_? And has an incontrovertible opinion been formed as to the paternity of this tract? For the common error of ascribing it to Gerson is entirely inexcusable, as this Parisian chancellor is frequently alleged therein. The third volume of his works, set forth by Du Pin, in 1706, contains this "Treatise of the Elevation of the Soul to God," and the editor has left the blunder uncorrected in his _Eccles. Hist._ iii. 53. Again, can it be affirmed that the folio impression of Louvain, (Panzer, ix. 243.), in which Gerson's name occurs, was assuredly anterior to the small black-letter and {87} anonymous editions, likewise without dates? Two of the latter (one much older than the other) are of 12mo. size, in 8vo., as is also Bonaventura's _Stimulus divini Amoris_, printed in 1510 and 1517.

(33.) In what way can we detect the propounder of the _Notabilis expositio super canonem misse_? His work is of small folio size without mention of place or year; but it certainly proceeded from Nuremberg, and was it not one of the _primitiae_ of Creusner?

(34.) Who is designated by the letters "G. N. N. D.," which are put at the head of the Epistle to Zuinglius, _De Magistris nostris Lovaniensibus, quot et quales sint_? And why has the _Vita S. Nicolai, sive Stultitiae Exemplar_, originally attached to this performance, been omitted by Dr. Muench in his edition of the _Epistolae obscurorum Vivorum, aliaque aevi decimi sexti Monimenta rarissima_, Leipzig, 1827? If he had reprinted this very desirable appendix, it would have furnished him with the date "Anno M.D.XX.," which would have prevented him from assigning this satirical composition to the year "1521." (Einl. p. 408.)

(35.) A student can scarcely be considered moderately well versed in ancient ecclesiastical documents who has neither read nor heard of the _Somnium Viridarii_; and we may wonder at, and pity, the learned Goldast, for having fallen into the extravagant mistake of attributing this Latin translation of the celebrated Dialogue, _Le Songe du Verger_, to "Philotheus Achillinus, Consiliarius Regius." (_Monarch. S. Rom. Imper_. i. 58. Hanov. 1612.) The question arises, How was he misled? Was it not through a strange misconception of a sentence in the _Silva Nuptialis_ of Nevizan, to which he refers in his preliminary "Dissertatio de Auctoribus?" This writer, who has been plentifully purified by the Roman _Index_, had cited the preface of an Italian poem, "Il Viridario," composed by his contemporary, Giovanni FILOTEO ACHILLINI; and is it thus that an author of the sixteenth century has got credit for an anonymous achievement of the fourteenth age? Goldastus has hardly been out-Heroded by those who have devised an individual named _Viridarius_, or "Le Sieur _du Vergier_." (See Baillet, _Deguisemens des Auteurs_, p. 479., and M. De la Monnoye's note, pp. 501-2.)

(36.) Is there not a transpositional misprint in the colophon of the old German _Life of S. Dorothea_, the so-called patroness of Prussia? For it would seem to be inevitable that we should endeavour to elicit 1492, and not 1512, from the following date: "Den Dingstag nach Gregory als man tzelete, M.CCCC. unde cxii." (Vid. Lilienthal, _Histor. B. Doroth_. p. 6. Dantisc., 1744.)

(37.):--

"The Original Manuscript of both volumes of this History will be
deposited in the Cotton Library, by

"T. BURNETT."

Has this declaration been inserted, in the handwriting of Thomas Burnet, on the reverse of the title-page of the second volume, in all large-paper copies (and is it strictly limited to them?) of Bishop Burnet's _History of his own Time_, Lond., 1734? Compare the printed "Advertisement to the Reader" in the first volume, published in 1724.

(38.) Mr. T. R. Hampson, the author of _Medii AEvi Kalendarium_, which has, I believe, been commended in "NOTES AND QUERIES," informs us, in a precious production which he has lately issued on the _Religious Deceptions of the Church of Rome_, p. 30., that--

"Dr. Geddes, himself a learned Romanist, has selected many [remarkable
errors] in his tract, _A Discovery of some Gross Mistakes in the Roman
Martyrology_."

Only fancy a Romanist, learned or unlearned, having the effrontery to bestow so outrageous an appellation upon such an exploit. Does not the second volume of _Miscellaneous Tracts_, in which the said treatise may be seen, explicitly admonish us to remember that Michael Geddes, LL.D., was erst a chancellor of the Church of Sarum? "Quid Romae faciam?" he upbraidingly asks in one of his title-pages, "mentiri nescio."

R. G.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_Bishops' Lands_.--In the month of September, 1642, the Parliament appointed a committee for the sale of Bishops' lands; and an account of some sold between 1647 and 1651, will be found in vol. i. of the _Collectanea Topographica_, 8vo., 1834. On the Restoration, a committee sat to inquire into these sales and make satisfaction. Bishop Kennet refers to a MS. containing the orders of the commissioners, but does not state where the MS. was deposited; nor has Sir Frederic Madden, who communicated that article to the _Collectanea_, met with it anywhere.

Can any of your correspondents give any information upon the subject, or say where may be found any accounts of the sales of the lands under the parliamentary orders, or of the proceedings of the commissioners appointed to make restitution upon the king's restoration?

G.

_The Barons of Hugh Lupus_.--It appears by the charter foundation to the abbey of St. Werburge at Chester, that several very eminent persons held the rank of Baron, under Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. The charter is signed by the earl himself and by the following barons: Richard, son of Hugh Lupus; Hervey, Bishop of Bangor; Ranulph de Meschines, nephew of the earl; Roger Bigod, Alan de Perci, William Constabular, Ranulph Dapifer, William Malbanc, Robert Fitz-Hugh, Hugh Fitz-Norman, Hamo de Masci, and Bigod de Loges. {88}

Can any of your readers inform us what befel the families and descendants of William Malbanc, and Bigod de Loges? The descendants of the rest are too well authenticated to need inquiry.

P.

_Can the Queen make a Gentleman?_--The following is from the Patent Rolls (13 Ric. II. pars. 1. m. 37. Prynne's _Fourth Institutes_, p. 68.):--

"Le Roy a tous ceux as queux cestes Lettres viendrount. Sachez qe come
un Chivalier Fraunceys, a ceo qe nous Soums enformez, ad chalenge un
nostre Liege, Johan de Kyngeston, a faire certeinez faitz et pointz
darmes oveske le dit Chivalier. Nous a fyn qe le dit nostre liege soit
le multz honerablement resceuz a faire puisse et perfourmir les ditz
faitz et pointz d'armes _luy avons resceux en lestat de Gentile homme,
et luy fait Esquier_. Et volons, qil soit conuz par armes, et porte
desore enavant, Cestassavoir d'argent ove une, chapewe Dazure ovesque
une plume Dostrich de goules. Et ceo a tous yeaux as queux y appertient
nous notifions pu ycelles. En tesmoignance de quelle chose nous avons
fait faire cestes noz lettres patentes. Done souz nostre grant Seal a
nostre Paleys de Westm. le primer jour de Juyll.

"Par brief de Prive Seal."

H. WITHAM.

_Plafery_.--In Carew's masque of _Coelum Britannicum_, acted before the court at Whitehall, the 18th of February, 1633; Momus, arriving from Olympus immediately after Mercury, says to him--

"The hosts upon the highway cry out with open mouth upon you, for
supporting _plafery_ in your train; which, though, as you are the god
of petty larceny, you might protect, yet you know it is directly
_against the new orders_, and oppose the reformation in diameter."

What is _plafery_? It is evident that the joking allusion to it was rather bold, for Mercury exclaims,--

"Peace, railer, bridle your licentious tongue,
And let this presence teach you modesty."

B. R. I.

_St. John's Bridge Fair._--In what county in England was St. John's Bridge Fair held in the year 1614, and in what town in the county?

JOSEPHUS.

_Queries on Costume._--In Wilson's _Life of De Foe_ there is an anecdote of Charles II. concealing himself, when a fugitive from Worcester, beneath a lady's hoop, while his pursuers searched the house in which he had taken refuge. Were hoops worn so early as the year 1651? In the _Book of Costume_ I find no mention of them before the beginning of the eighteenth century; but I do not think this circumstance conclusive, as the "Lady of Rank" is not always very accurate.

Writing in the reign of Anne, she says, "Fans were now very much used," but omits to mention that they were in fashion long before, having been indispensable to Catherine of Braganza and her ladies at home and abroad, in the church and the theatre.

"Long gloves," says the Lady of Rank, "began to be worn by the ladies in this reign." (Queen Anne's).

"Twelve dozen Martial,[2] whole and half," says Evelyn:--were not _whole_ Martial gloves, long?

WEDSECNARF.

[Footnote 2: "_Martial._--The name of a famous French perfumer, emulating the Frangipani of Rome."--_Miscellaneous Writings of John Evelyn_, pp. 705. 711. 4to. edit. 1825.]

_Cum Grano Salis._--Sometime ago I asked from what figure is borrowed the expression of "Cum grano salis," and have had no reply. I can't find it in Erasmus. Once a very clever Cambridge man said that it meant "the thing must be swallowed with a little Attic salt to make it go down pleasantly." I don't think that he was right.

E. H.

_Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, Lucretia._--I should be very glad to learn whether the great Earl of Clarendon had a daughter named Lucretia. A friend of mine is descended from Dr. Marsh, archbishop of Armagh, who (it is said) married Lucretia, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, and was the father of Lucretia, wife of Dr. McNeil, Dean of Down and Connor.

WEDSECNARF.

_Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny._--Can any of your correspondents give any information respecting a portrait, by Vandyke, of George Lord Aubigny, brother to the Duke of Richmond and Lennox? There is no doubt that such a picture once existed.

L.

_Foundation Stone of St. Mark's, Venice._--In vol. xxvi. of the _Archaeologia_ is a paper by the late Mr. Douce, "On the foundation stone of the original church of St. Mark, at Venice," &c., accompanied by an engraving of the mutilated object itself, which also appears to have been submitted to the inspection of the Society of Antiquaries at the time the paper was read. The essay contains, in reality, very little information relating to the stone, and that little is of no very satisfactory kind; and I have never been able to divest myself of the idea that it bears somewhat the semblance of a hoax. Were I inclined to discuss the points which have suggested this notion, the necessity there is for brevity in corresponding with the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" would preclude my doing it; but I must quote the following passage, which comes immediately after the statement that the original church, in the foundation of which this stone was deposited, was destroyed in 976.

"It is very possible that, in clearing away the rubbish of the old
church, the original foundation stone was discovered, and, in some way
or other, at present not traceable, preserved."

{89} If the fact is so, this stone, "of a circular form, the diameter six inches and a quarter, its thickness half an inch," must have been loose in the world for 858 years from its exhumation to 1834, when Mr. Douce's essay was read, and during that time has lost only the least important part of its inscription and ornaments.

Can any one say where this stone now is? When and where Mr. Douce obtained it? And, I must add, what history was attached to it when in his possession? for he was not a person likely to possess such an object without, at least, endeavouring to trace its history. On these points the essay contains not a word.

H. C. R.

_Coins of Richard Cromwell_.--Will any of your numismatical readers inform me whether there are any coins or medals known of Richard Cromwell, either during his chancellorship of Oxford, or his short protectorate of these realms?

BLOWER.

_Cataracts of the Nile_.--Seneca (_Nat. Quaest._ iv. 2.) tells a story of the natives suffering themselves to be carried down in sport, which Rollin says is confirmed by modern travellers; but can this be so? Can any one give the names of any of these travellers, and supply the blank thus left by the historian?

S. G.

_Paternoster Tackling.--Dancing Trenchmore._--What is the origin and meaning of this term? also of the phrase "Dancing Trenchmore?"

S. G.

_Hymns_.--Will some of your correspondents favour me with a copy of "Queen Mary's Lament," a translation of which appeared in Coxe's delightful _Christian Ballads_. Also Adam of St. Victor's "exquisite poem" on the Cross, referred to by Mr. Trench in his _Sacred Latin Poetry_?

JARLTZBERG.

_Camden and Curwen Families._--Camden, in his _Britannia_, art. "Cumberland," mentions his descent, by the mother's side, from the Curwens of Workington. Should any of your numerous correspondents be able to trace their descent, he would much oblige a member of that family.

H. C.

_Jartuare._--Can any of your readers oblige me with any account of a printed book called _Jartuare?_ Its date would be early in the sixteenth century, if not earlier.

W.(1.)

* * * * *

Replies.

JOHN BUNYAN AND HIS PORTRAIT.--DID BUNYAN KNOW HOBBES?

(Vol. ii., pp. 476. 518.; Vol. iii., p. 70.)

The best portrait of John Bunyan was drawn and engraved by White, to the _Holy War_, 1682. The original drawing, and a fine impression of the engraving, is preserved in the illustrated Grainger's _History of England_, in the print-room at the British Museum. It was copied in folio for Bunyan's _Works_. It has been recently copied for Mr. Bogue's elegant edition of the _Pilgrim_, and for the first complete edition of Bunyan's _Works_, now publishing by Messrs. Blackie and Sons, Glasgow. A fac-simile was engraved for an edition of the _Pilgrim_, by Mr. Pickering, 8vo. 1849.

That the great allegorist was not the author of _Heart's Ease_ in _Heart Trouble_ is perfectly clear, not only that the style is very different, but from the author being known. It was first published in 1690, under the initials of J. B., and the Epistle is dated "From the house of my pilgrimage, March, 1690." Bunyan died in August, 1688. Mr. Palmer, in his _Calamy_, vol. ii. p.16., states that the author was James Birdwood.

Whether Bunyan was acquainted with Hobbes depends upon the authority of a small volume of _Visions of Heaven and Hell_, published under the name of Bunyan. In this it is represented that he saw poor Hobbes in hell, and recognised an old acquaintance.

The earliest edition of _The Visions_ which I have been able to discover, is at "London: printed for Edward Midwinter, at the Looking Glass upon London Bridge, price, bound, one shilling;" without date. It was printed early in the reign of George I.; this is seen in an advertisement of books at the end, among which is _The Lives of the Monarchs of England to his present Majesty King George_. It is entitled, _The Visions of John Bunyan, being his last remains_. There is no account of either of this, or the _Heart's Ease_, in _The Struggler for the Preservation of Mr. John Bunyan's Labours_. This gives a list of forty-three works published by him, and of seventeen left by him at his decease for publication. If _The Visions_ were written by him, it must have escaped the search of his widow and surviving friends; but the style at once proves that it was not a production of his prolific pen. Bunyan's style was remarkably simple and plain. The following phrases extracted from _The Visions_ will carry conviction to every reader:--

"Mormo's of a future state," "metempsychosis of nature," "nefandous
villanies," "diurnal and annual," "my visive faculty,"
"soul-transparent and diaphonous," "translucid ray," "terrene
enjoyments," "our minds are clarified," "types both of the ante and
post-diluvian world," "the tenuity thereof," "the aereal heavens,"
"effluxes of divine glory," "all aenigmas," "corruscations of his divine
nature," "Solomon's mystick epithalamium," "the epiphonema,"
"propinquity in nature," "diversified refractions," "too bright and too
diaphonous," "sweet odes and eniphalamics," "amarantine crown," "bright
corruscancy," "palinodies and elegies," "no cataplasm," "eccentricks
quite exterminate," "mutual assassinates," &c. &c.

Such phrases and terms plain John Bunyan utterly despised. They prove, as does the whole plan of the treatise, that it must have been a very different man to the author of the _Pilgrim's Progress_ who wrote these _Visions_.

{90} It is not likely that Hobbes and Bunyan were acquainted; they lived in distant parts of the country. Bunyan's _Pilgrim_, which was the foundation of his wide-spread fame, was not published till 1678, when the Leviathan philosopher was ninety years of age; he died in 1679. Hobbes' company were the learned and illustrious among men,--the Des Carteses, Gassendis, and Wallises of his age; while Bunyan associated with the despised Nonconformists. Nor is is likely that Bunyan read the _Leviathan_; Dent's _Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven, The Practice of Piety_, Fox's _Martyrs_, and, above all, his Bible, constituted his library during his imprisonment for conscience-sake, which lasted from 1660 to 1672. Had he suffered from Hobbes's philosophy, he would have proclaimed it upon the house-tops, especially in his _Grace Abounding_, that others might have been guarded from such dangerous scepticism. The _Vision_ of Hobbes was doubtless intended to render the forgery more popular.

GEORGE OFFOR.

Hackney, Jan. 1851.

* * * * *

THE MOTHER CHURCH OF THE SAXONS.

In "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 478.) SIR HENRY ELLIS observes, that--

"Although St. Martin's, Canterbury, is commonly called the mother
church of England on account of its having been the first used here by
Augustine, tradition represents, that when this missionary arrived in
Kent, he found an ancient church on the site of what is now called St.
Martin's."

SIR H. ELLIS adds, that--

"A charter of King Canute's styles Saviour's church, Canterbury, the
mother and mistress of all churches in the kingdom of
England."-_AEcclesia Salvatoris_, &c.

I conceive these accounts to be perfectly reconcilable. From Bede's _Ecclesiastical History_ (b. i., caps. 25, 26.), we learn that, on the east side of Canterbury, in the year 597, there was a church dedicated to the honour of St. Martin, that was "built while the Romans were still in the island," some two hundred years before this date. St. Martin's was the church wherein Bertha, Queen of Kent, used to pray; she having been a Christian of the Royal Family of the Franks.

It will, of course, be allowed that during the sixth, seventh, and eighth centuries, different saints were held in especial honour in different countries. For instance, not long after the arrival of the Roman missionaries in England, various churches and monasteries,--at Canterbury, Lindisfarne, Bamborough, Lichfield, Weremouth, and Jarrow, and the capital city of the Picts,--were wholly or partially named after St. Peter. When Naitan, King of the Picts, was about to build his church, he sought the assistance of the Abbot of Weremouth, a strong supporter of Roman observances, and "promised to dedicate the same in honour of St. Peter," and to follow the custom of the Roman church, in certain matters, which the subjects of his kingdom had protested against, for more than a hundred years.

Now, on the occasion of Queen Bertha's leaving France, she was accompanied to England by a bishop of her native country, named Luidhard; and when it is remembered that they settled in Kent, amongst heathens of great superstition,--an example of which is recorded on the part of her own husband,--it is natural to suppose they would, in some public manner, seek the especial protection of the popular saint of France; and that saint was Martin. For so profound was the popular veneration which the Franks at one period offered to the power of Saint Martin, that they even computed ordinary occurrences and national events, by an era which commenced with the year of his death.[3]

It is therefore very probable that the public act of reverence just alluded to, consisted in a new dedication of the repaired church, by adding to the ancient name that of St. Martin.

That a practice of altering the names of sacred edifices in this manner was common at the date under consideration, cannot be questioned. For example, Bishop Aidan, about the year 652, built a church in the island of Lindisfarne, the name of which is now unknown. This structure, however, having been destroyed by a fire, his successor, Finan, erected another on the same site, and apparently of the same name. But when a second fire destroyed this church also, in some five and twenty or thirty years, "a larger church" was erected on the old site, and gratefully "dedicated in honour of St. Peter," by Theodore of Roman appointment, "the first archbishop whom all the English church obeyed." (_Bede_, iii. 17. and 25., and iv. 2.) Here, then, a new name was given to a church on the site of a former one of different appellation; and in Lichfield, we have two examples of similar alterations in the names of churches; one St. Chad's Church, Stow, and the other, the cathedral. On the site of the former, according to Bede, Bishop Chad built a St. Mary's Church, hard by which he was buried; "but afterwards, when the church of the most holy prince of the apostles, Peter, was built, his bones were translated into it." (_Ecc. History_, iv. 3.) That is to say, when Chad was canonised, his remains were removed to the site of the present cathedral, as relics over which the principal church of the Mercian kingdom was to be erected.

Throughout the various documents relating to this church, which are preserved in Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol. iii. pp. 219-255, Savoy edition, {91} the cathedral is generally styled the church of St. Mary and St. Chad. And again, on a recently discovered seal of the dean and chapter, engraved some two hundred years after Stephen's reign, the inscription is this:

"S' DECANI ET CAPL'I ECCLE'IE SCE MARIE ET SCI CEDDE LYCHFELD' AD
CAS."[4]

But in a grant from King Stephen to Bishop Roger de Clinton, who commenced the present fabric, it is simply styled _ecclesia Sancti Ceddae de Lichfield_; and in the year 1341 a document was addressed _Decano et Capitulo ecclesiae Sancti Ceddae Lych'_, as may be learned from the _Foedera_, vol. ii. p. 2.

We thus perceive, that the original name of Lichfield Cathedral has been dropped for centuries, and so has that of the church which Bishop Chad built in honour of the Virgin Mary at Stow; for this Church has, for a long time, been known only by the name of Stow Church, or by that of St. Chad's, Stow.

And in this manner, I fancy, may be reconciled the different names of Saviour's, or St. Saviour's, Canterbury, and St. Martin's, Canterbury; both alluding to the same church, THE MOTHER CHURCH of _Saxon_ England.

J. RAWSON, M.D.

Lichfield.

[Footnote 3: See Brady's _Clavis Calendaria_, November 12.]

[Footnote 4: See the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for August 1848; in which an accurate representation of this seal is given.]

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_The Frozen Horn_ (Vol. ii., p. 262.; Vol. iii., p. 25.).--In an old edition of _Hudibras_ now before me, I find the following note on the lines quoted by J. M. G.:--

"Some report that in Nova Zembla and Greenland men's words are wont to
be frozen in the air, and at the thaw may be heard."

The application of the idea by Charles Dickens, in his _Old Curiosity Shop_, is also, I think, extremely felicitous.

"'Don't be frightened, mistress,' said Quilp, after a pause. 'Your son
knows me: I don't eat babies; I don't like 'em. It will be as well to
stop that young screamer though, in case I should be tempted to do him
a mischief. Holloa, Sir! will you be quiet?' _Little Jacob stemmed the
course of two tears which he was squeezing out of his eyes, and
instantly subsided into a silent horror.... The moment their_ [Quilp
and Swiveller] _backs were turned, little Jacob thawed, and resumed his
crying from the point where Quilp had frozen him._"--Vol. i. pp. 207-9.

J. B. COLMAN.

_To Pose._--In Vol. ii., p. 522., your correspondent F. R. A. points out some passages in which the word "posing" appears to be used in a sense equivalent to "parsing." Neither the etymology nor the exact meaning of the word "to pose," are easy to determine. It seems to be abbreviated from the old verb "to appose;" which meant, to set a task, to subject to an examination or interrogatory; and hence to perplex, to embarrass, to puzzle. The latter is the common meaning of the word _to pose_; thus in Crabbe's _Parish Register_:--

"Then by what name th' unwelcome guest to call,
Was long a question, and _it posed them all_."

Hence, too, the common expression, that a question which it is difficult to answer, or an argument which seems to decide the controversy, is a _poser_. The word "posing" in the passages cited by F. R. A. may refer to the examination of the pupil by the teacher of grammar. Thus, Fuller, in his _Worthies_, art. Norfolk, says that--

"The University appointed Dr. Cranmer, afterwards Archbishop of
Canterbury, to be the _poser-general_ of all candidates in divinity."

Roquefort, _Gloss. de la Langue Romaine_, has "apponer, appliquer, poser, plaier." See Richardson in _appose_ and _pose_.

L.

_Culprits torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 480.).--In reply to MR. JACKSON'S question respecting culprits torn by horses, I beg to inform him that Robert Francois Damiens was the last criminal thus executed in France. He suffered on the 28th March, 1757, for an attempt on the life of Louis XV. The awful penalty of the law was carried out in complete conformity with the savage precedents of former centuries. Not one of the preparatory barbarities of question, ordinary and extraordinary, or of the accompanying atrocities of red-hot pincers, melted lead, and boiling oil, was omitted. The agony of the wretched man lasted for an hour and a half, and was witnessed, as Mercier informs us, by all the best company in Paris.

The men amused their leisure with cards, while waiting, as he says, for the boiling oil; and the women were the last to turn their eyes from the hideous spectacle. Your correspondent may be glad to be informed that the same punishment was inflicted on Poltrot de Mere for the murder of the Duke of Guise, in 1563; on Salcede, in 1582, for conspiring against the Duke of Alencon; on Brilland, in 1588, for poisoning the Prince de Conde; on Bourgoing, Prior of the Jacobins, as an accessory to the crime of Jaques Clement, in 1590; and on Ravaillac, for the murder of Henry IV. in 1610. These, with the case of Jean Chastel, are all of which I am aware. If any of your readers can add to the list, I shall feel obliged.

As I am upon the subject of judicial horrors, I would ask, whether any of your correspondents can supply me with a reference to the case of a {92} woman executed, I think in Paris, and, if my recollection serves, for a systematic series of infanticides.

She was put to death by being suspended over a fire in an iron cage, in which a number of wild cats were shut up with her.

I read the story many years ago, and for some time have been vainly endeavouring to recover it.

J. S.

_Torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 522.).--This cruel mode of execution was practised both in antiquity and the middle ages. Livy, speaking of Tullus Hostilius, says:--

"Exinde, duabus admotis quadrigis, in currus earum distentum illigat
Mettum; deinde in diversum iter equi concitati, lacerum in utroque
curru corpus, qua inhaeserant vinculis membra, portantes. Avertere omnes
a tanta foedidate spectaculi oculos."--L. i., c. 28.

Livy adds, that this was the first and last example of so savage a punishment among the Romans. The punishment, however, must have been well-known in antiquity, as it is alluded to by Seneca among the tortures which accompanied death.

"Cogita hoc loco carcerem, et cruces, et equleos, et uncum; et adactum
per medium hominem, qui per os emergat, stipitem; _et distracta in
diversum actis curribus membra_."--Epist. xiv. 4.

Grimm (_Deutsche Rechtsalterthuemer_, p. 692.) quotes the following instance of this punishment from Gregory of Tours, _Hist. France_, iii. 7.:

"Puellas crudelinece interfecerunt ita ut ligatis brachiis super
equorum cervicibus, ipsique acerrimo moti stimulo per diversa petentes
diversas in partes feminas diviserunt"

He adds that it occurs frequently in the legends of the Carolingian period. Thus Turpin, c. 26., describes as follows the punishment of the traitor Gannalon:--

"Jussit illum Carolus quatuor equis ferocissimis totius exercitus
alligari, et super eos quatuor sessores agitantes contra quatuor plagas
coeli, et sic digna morte discerptus interiit."

Almost all cruel punishments have been used in the East, and it is not improbable that execution by means of horses may be mentioned in some oriental narrative.

L.

_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440.).--In _Cambria Triumphans_, by Percy Enderbie, at p. 283, will be found a copy of a deed, the conclusion of which runs thus:--

"Sigilla nostra apposuimus in Castro nostro de Burgavenny vicessimo
secundo die Julii, anno regni Regis Henrici sexti, post _Conquestum_
vicessimo septimo."

The word is here used for the accession of the King.

S. K.

_Mayors--their correct Prefix_ (Vol. i., p. 380.).--Since propounding my Query in Vol. i., p. 380., relative to this subject, I have to inform your readers, that I have been favoured with the opinion of gentlemen very high in official authority on all points connected with heraldry and the rules of precedence; which is, that the proper style of the mayor of a borough is "the worshipful;" and they are further of opinion, that there can be no ground for styling the mayor of a city "the right worshipful."

J.

_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.).--On the origin of this expression, I must claim the right to dissent from your correspondent G. F. G., who appears to have fallen into the error of confining a form of very wide application to one particular case, in which he discovers a trifling coincidence of fact. The connexion of the colour blue with truth is of very ancient date, of which the following may for the present suffice as an example:--

"And by hire beddes hed she made a mew
And covered it with velouettes blew,
In signe of trouth, that is in woman sene."
Chaucer, _Squiere's Tale_.

Blue, in the early practice of the tinctorial art, appears to have been the most humble of the colours in use, and the least affected by any external influence; and, down to the present day, if certain tints of recent invention be excepted, the same character may be claimed for it. What then more natural, than that it should be taken as the type of immutability, or that every party, political or religious, should in turn assume it as the badge of honesty of purpose, and of firm adherence to their principles?

F. S. Q.

_Modum Promissionis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 279, 347, 468.).--This phrase is perhaps connected with the promissivus modus, _i.e._ tempus promissivum or futurum of Diomedes and other mediaeval grammarians.

T. J.

_Fronte capillata, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).--The representation of "Occasio," or "Opportunity," with hair in front, and bald behind, is far more ancient than the drama referred to by your correspondent G. A. S.

In the _Anthologia_ (Brunck's edition, vol. ii. p. 49.) the following beautiful epigram is the 13th by Posidippus:--

[Greek: Eis Agalma tou Kairou.]
[Greek: Tis, pothen ho plastes? Sikuonios. Ounoma de tis?]
[Greek: Lusippos. Su de, tis? Kairos ho pandamator.]
[Greek: Tipte d' ep' akra bebekas? Aei trochao. Ti de tarsous]
[Greek: Possin echeis diphueis? Hiptam' hupenemios.]
[Greek: Cheiri de dexiterei ti phereis xuron? Andrasi deigma]
[Greek: Hos akmes pases oxuteros teletho.]
[Greek: He de kome, ti kat' opsin? Hupantiasanti labesthai,]
[Greek: Ne Dia. Taxopithen pros ti phalakra pelei?]
[Greek: Ton gar hapax ptenoisi parathrexanta me possin]
[Greek: Ou tis eu' himeiron draxetai exopithen.]
[Greek: Tounech' ho technites se dieplasen? Heineken humeon,]
[Greek: Xeine, kai en prothurois theke dikaskalien.]

{93} The same epigram, with an inconsiderable alteration, is given in Bosch's _Anthologia Graeca_, vol. ii. p. 478., with a close Latin translation by Grotius.

The following English version of the Greek is as nearly literal as the idioms of the two languages will allow.

"Who is the sculptor, say, and whence?
From Sicyon. What is he
By name? Lysippus. Who art thou?
I am Opportunity.

"Why is thy step so high and light?
I am running all the day.
Why on each foot hast thou a wing?
I fly with the winds away.

"Why is a razor in thy hand?
More keen my edge is set.
Why hast thou hair upon thy brow?
To seize me by, when met.

"Why is thy head then bald behind?
Because men wish in vain,
When I have run past on winged feet
To catch me e'er again.

"Why did the artist form thee so?
To place me in this hall,
That I a lesson thus might give
To thee, friend, and to all."

Ausonius, in the fourteenth century of the Christian era, imitates this in his 12th epigram.

Phaedrus (lib. v., fab. 8), in the Augustine age, speaks of the same representation as already sanctioned by antiquity:--

"OCCASIO DEPICTA.
"Cursu veloci pendens in novacula,
Calvus, comosa fronte, nudo corpore;
Quem si occuparis, teneas: elapsum semel
Non ipse possit Jupiter reprehendere;
Occassionem rerum significat brevem.
Effectus impediret ne segnis mora,
Finxere antiqui talem effigiem temporis."

T. C.

Durham, Jan. 20. 1851.

_Cross between a Wolf and a Hound_ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--There is no doubt that a dog and a wolf are capable of breeding together. The fact is well known, and has been long ascertained. See _Penny Cyclopaedia_, art. "Dog." The only question is whether the offspring of this cross is a mule, and, like other mules, incapable of continuing its race; or whether it is prolific? The latter position is maintained by Mr. Bell, in his _History of British Quadrupeds_. "The dog and wolf will readily breed together (he says), _and their progeny is fertile_." But query, can any authentic instance be produced of a cross between a dog and a wolf, which has produced a prolific animal?

L.

Professor Thomas Bell states that the dog and wolf will readily breed with each other, and that their progeny thus obtained will again mingle with the dog.

W. J. BERNARD SMITH.

Temple, Jan. 19. 1851.

I have read somewhere (in Kohl's _Russia_, if I mistake not) that this cross is not uncommon in the southern portions of European Russia, but I have not the book at hand to refer to.

DISS.

Your correspondent, T----N, will find this fact referred to in Sir John Franklin's _Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea_, vol. i., p. 268., 2nd edition, London. Murray, 1824. Lieutenant Hood says--

"On our way to the tent a black wolf rushed out upon an Indian, who
happened to pass its den. It was shot, and the Indians carried away
three black whelps, to improve the breed of their dogs."

W. H. H. K.

Drayton Beauchamp, Jan. 22. 1851.

_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--I have seen an illuminated MS. containing the form of prayer in use previous to the Reformation. As far as I remember, the MS. in question must have been of the fifteenth century. Where it may now be found I am not aware. At the time of my seeing it, it was in the possession of Mr. Toovey of Piccadilly.

A somewhat curious field for inquiry on this subject is opened by a passage in Voltaire's _Siecle de Louis XIV_. Speaking of James II. touching for the evil while in exile at the French court, he says--

"Soit que les Rois Anglais se soient attribue ce singulier privilege,
comme pretendans a la couronne de la France; soit que cette ceremonie
soit etablie chez eux depuis le temps du premier Edouard."

Have we any evidence of the ceremony having been performed by any French monarchs? I am not aware of any.

J. SN.

_Old Booty_ (Vol. iii, p. 40.).--In 1830 there appeared a humorous versification, by W. T. Moncrieff, of this story, for the authenticity of which he prudently says he cannot vouch. He furnishes a sort of account of the affair, and of an action at the suit of Booty's widow, the records of which, it says, are at Westminster, Jan. 2. 1687.

Notwithstanding this apparent circumstantial account, we find in a very entertaining anonymous work, entitled _The History of Man; or, the Wonders of Human Nature_, 2nd edit. Edinb. 1790, 8vo., vol. i. p. 376., a similar incident related of a Mr. Gresham, an eminent merchant of London, which happened in the reign of Hen. VIII., the authorities for which are cited, _Sandy's Trav._ l. 4. p. 248. _Clark's Mir._ c. 33. p. 115.

F. R. A.

_Breeches Bible_ (Vol. iii., p 17.).--The first edition of this Bible is now before me. The title-page and portions of the addresses to Queen Elizabeth and to the reader are unfortunately {94} wanting, as is also the first leaf of Genesis. But the title of the New Testament as follows:--

"The Newe Testament of ovr Lord Jesus Christ [***] Conferred diligently
with the Greke, and best approued translacions in divers languages. At
Geneva: Printed by Rouland Hull. M.D.LX."

There is a woodcut of the Egyptians pursuing the Israelites on the shore of the Red Sea, surrounded with texts from scripture. It is a small quarto in Roman type, and divided into verses.

ECHO.

_Separation of Sexes in Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.).--This custom appears to be of considerable antiquity. Sir Thomas More, in his _Utopia_ (p. 285. of the edition of 1639), says--

"When they be come thither, the men goe into the right side of the
church, and the women into the left side."

J. SN.

_Defender of the Faith_ (Vol. iii., p. 9.).--By a hasty perusal of the letter of COL. ANSTRUTHER in your number of the 4th of January, I perceive that some doubt has been raised whether any of our sovereigns have used the title of Defender of the Faith, prior to the time of King Henry VIII.

If you will refer to the forth part of Prynne's _Institutes_, pp. 229-30, and 295-6-7, you will find set out at full length divers letters close and patent from King Richard II. in the 6th, 11th, and 19th years of his reign, for suppressing the heresies of Wickliff and his followers. These letters are addressed to the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, William Archbishop of Canterbury (Courtney), and to Ralfe Crombewell, Chivalier, and John Lekyll, and the Mayor and Bailiffs of Nottingham, in which King Richard II. styles himself thus--"Nos Zelo Fidei Catholicae, Cujus Sumus Et Esse Volumus Defensores," &c.

H. WITHAM.

Lincoln Chambers, Chancery Lane, Jan. 14. 1851.

_Epigram on Synod of Dort_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--The statement in the _Biographie Universelle_, that this epigram was made _in England_, is probably taken from Mosheim (_Eccl. Hist_.), who says the same; but his authority Neal (_Hist. of the Puritans_) does not say that it was made _in England_; and one can hardly read the sentence in which he quotes it without feeling satisfied that he did not know _who_ made it. After stating that the proceedings of the synod were much approved of by the English divines, and quoting expressions of Mr. Baxter and the learned Jacobus Capella in its favour, he proceeds--

"P. du Moulin, Paulus Servita, and the author of the life of Waleus,
speak the same language. But _others_ poured contempt upon the Synod,
or burlesqued their proceedings in the following lines:

'Dordrechti Synodus, nodus; chorus integer, aeger;
Conventus, ventus; sessio stramen. Amen.'

Lewis du Moulin, with all the favourers of the Arminian doctrine, as
Heylin, Womeck, Brandt, &c., charge them with partiality and
unjustifiable severity."

When a writer, in the midst of a shower of authorities, refers a particular expression to "others," it may almost be laid down as a rule, that he does not know whose property it is. Here, therefore, the inquiry seems brought to a dead stop, in this tract at least.

B. R. I.

_Parish Register Tax_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--In our register, Hawarden, I find the following entry:

"October, 1783. On the 2nd of this month the Act commenced which layeth
a duty of threepence upon every Registry of a Burial, except a
_Pauper's_."

And again:

"Oct. 1. 1794. The duty of threepence on each Registry of Births,
Deaths, and Marriages, imposed by Act of Parliament, commencing October
2. 1783, ceased this day."

During this interval many burials are marked _paupers_.

WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER.

Hawarden, Flints.

_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 41.).--Walker says:

"Mr. Dugdale, in relating the same matter, adds that Rigby not only
exposed them to sale, but _found purchasers_ also; and what is more,
had actually contracted with two merchants for them; and for that
reason moved it twice (in the House, as I understand him) that they
might be disposed of."

WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

When a work of such general reference as a Peerage, which is wanted upon every library table, and in every club and reading-room "where men do congregate;" which is, at the same time, from its nature, open to the criticism of hundreds of critics,--when a work of this nature and of such extent as _Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire_ bears on its title-page the brief but expressive words "_Thirteenth Edition_," it has obviously long outlived the time when any question can exist as to its merits. These have long been recognised by those best able to appreciate them, namely, the noble personages to whose history, and the history of whose descent and collateral branches, it is especially devoted; and whose personal communications have served to procure for the present work the merit by which it seeks to distinguish itself from all similar productions, namely, by its greater fullness of detail and its extreme accuracy.

The Rev. A. Hussey, M.A., has in the Press _Notes on the Churches in the Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey mentioned in Domesday Book_. Subscribers names are received by Mr. J. Russell Smith. {95}

Mr. M. A. Lower's translation of _The Chronicle of Battel Abbey, from the Vow of its Foundation by the Conqueror in 1066 to the Year 1176_, will be published in the course of the present month.

Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell, on Monday and Tuesday next, a very valuable and important Collection of Classical and Historical Books, from the Library of a Collector; and on Wednesday and two following Days, an important portion of the valuable Library of the Right Hon. C. W. Williams Wynn, including First and Second Folio Shakspeare, Caxton's _Golden Legend_, and some valuable MSS., including one of the works of Robert Rolle, the Hermit of Hampole, &c.

_Catalogues Received_.--William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part LI. of Second-hand English and Foreign Books on Theology, Fine Arts, and Miscellaneous Literature; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho) Catalogue of Books relating to Kent, Sussex, and Surrey; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-fifth Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand English Foreign and Classical Books.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

WALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY.

MRS. GRANT'S LETTERS FROM THE MOUNTAINS.

COLEBROOKE'S ESSAYS. 2 Vols. 8vo.

SOUTHEY'S LIFE OF WESLEY (_Early Edition_.)

CAESAR, VALPY'S DELPHIN EDITION.

GREEK TRANSLATION OF CAESAR'S GALLIC WAR.

VAN ESPEN, JUS ECCLESIASTICUM, 1781.

[***] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186, Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

LOCKE. _We shall next week lay before our readers a long and most interesting inedited Letter from Lord Shaftesbury, the author of the_ Characteristics, _to Le Clerc, in which he gives a biographical sketch of his friend and foster father Mr. Locke._

J. S. B. _The two Notes were duly forwarded. Will our correspondent enable us to write to him._