Chapter C: W. B

_St. Pancras_ (Vol. iii., p. 285.).--In Breviar. Rom. sub die XII Maii, is the following brief notice of this youthful saint, whose martyrdom was also commemorated (Sir H. Nicolas' _Chron. of Hist._) on April 3 and July 21:

"Pancratius, in Phrygia nobili genere natus, puer quatordecim annorum
Roman venit Diocletiano et Maximiano Imperatoribus: ubi à Pontifice
Romano baptizatus, et in fide christiana eruditus, ob eamdem paulò post
comprehensus, cùm diis sacrificare constanter renuisset, virili
fortitudine datis cervicibus, illustrem martyrii coronam consecutus
est; cujus corpus Octavilla matrona noctu sustulit, et unguentis
delibutum via Aurelia sepelivit."

Amongst the reliques in the church of St. John of Laterane, in the "the glorious mother-city of Rome," Onuphrius (de VII. Urbis Ecclesiis) and Serranus (de Ecclesiis Urbis Rom.), as quoted by Wm. Crashaw (temp. James I.), enumerate:

"Item. caput Zachariæ Prophetæ, et caput Sancti Pancratii de quo
sanguis emanavit ad tres dies quum Ecclesia Lateranensis combusta
fuit."

COWGILL.

_Joseph Nicolson's Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 243.).--A. N. C. is justly corrected as to the insertion of the letter _h_ in Dr. Wm. Nicolson's name, though it has been adopted by some of his family since. The mother of Dr. Wm. and Joseph Nicolson was Mary Brisco, of Crofton; not Mary Miser.

I find from _Nichols' Correspondence of Dr. Wm. Nicolson_, that his brother Joseph was master of the Apothecaries' Company in London. He died in May, 1724. He lived in Salisbury Court, where it would appear the Bishop resided at least on one occasion that he was in London.

MONKSTOWN.

_Demosthenes and New Testament_ (Vol. iii., p. 350.).--The quotations from Demosthenes, and many others more or less pointed, are to be found, as might be expected, in the well-known, very learned, and standard edition of the new Testament by Wetstein.

C. B.

_Crossing Rivers on Skins_ (Vol. iii., p. 3.).--To the _Latin_ authors cited by JANUS DOUSA illustrating this practice, allow me to add the following from the Greek. Xenophon, in his _Anabasis_, lib. iii. cap. v., so clearly exhibits the _modus operandi_, that I shall give a translation of the passage:

"And while they were at a loss what to do, a certain Rhodian came up
and said, 'I am ready to ferry you over, O men! by 4000 heavy armed men
at a {398} time, if you furnish me with what I want, and will give me a
talent as a reward.' And being asked of what he stood in need:--'I
shall want,' said he, '2000 leathern bags; and I see here many sheep,
and goats, and oxen, and asses; which, being flayed, and (their skins)
inflated, would readily furnish a means of transport. And I shall
require also the girths, which you use for the beasts of burden. And on
these,' said he, 'having bound the leathern bags, and fastened them one
to another, and affixing stones, and letting them down like anchors,
and binding them on either side, I will lay on wood, and put earth over
them. And that you will not then sink, you shall presently very clearly
perceive; for each leathern bag will support two men from sinking, and
the wood and earth will keep them from slipping."

Skins, or tent coverings, stuffed with hay, appear also to have been very generally used for this purpose (Vid. Id., lib. i. cap. v.). Arrian relates (lib. v. Exped. cap. 12.) that Alexander used this contrivance for crossing the Hydaspes:

"[Greek: Autos de (Alexandros)--agôn epi tên nêson kai tên akran,
enthen diabainein ên egnôsmenon. Kai entautha eplêrounto tês nuktos hai
diphtherai tês karphês ek pollou êdê parenênegmenai, kai katerrhaptonto
es akribeian.]"

E. S. TAYLOR.

Martham, Norfolk.

_Curious Facts in Natural History_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--There is a parallel to the curious fact contributed by your Brazilian correspondent in the "vegetable caterpillar" of New Zealand. This natural rarity is described in Angas's _Savage Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand_, vol. i. p. 291.:--

"Amongst the damp moss at the root of the _rata_ trees, in the shady
forests not far from Auckland, and also in various parts of the
northern island, are found those extraordinary productions called
vegetable caterpillars, the _hotete_ of the natives. In appearance, the
caterpillar differs but little from that of the common privet
sphinx-moth, after it has descended to the ground, previously to its
undergoing the change into the chrysalis state. But the most remarkable
characteristic of the vegetable caterpillar is, that every one has a
very curious plant, belonging to the fungi tribe, growing from the
_anus_; this fungus varies from three to six inches in length, and
bears at its extremity a blossom-like appendage, somewhat resembling a
miniature bulrush, and evidently derives its nourishment from the body
of the insect. This caterpillar when recently found, is of the
substance of cork; and it is discovered by the natives seeing the tips
of the fungi, which grow upwards. They account for this phenomenon, by
asserting that the caterpillar, when feeding upon the _rata_ tree
overhead, swallows the seeds of the fungus, which take root in the body
of the insect, and germinate as soon as it retreats to the damp mould
beneath, to undergo its transformation into the pupa state. Specimens
of these vegetable caterpillars have been transmitted to naturalists in
England, by whom they have been named _Sphæria Robertii_."--_Savage
Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand_, by G. F. Angas: London,
1847, vol. i. p. 291.

I recently had several specimens of the insect, with its remarkable appendage, which had been brought from the colony by a relative.

R. W. C.

_Prideaux_ (Vol. iii., p. 268.).--The Prideaux, who took part in the Monmouth rebellion, was a son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, the purchaser of Ford Abbey. (See Birch's _Life of Tillotson_.) Tillotson appears to have been a chaplain to Sir E. Prideaux at Ford Abbey, and a tutor to the young Prideaux.

K. TH.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

Our readers will probably remember that the result of several communications which appeared in our columns on the subject of the celebrated _Treatise of Equivocation_, found in the chambers of Tresham, and produced at the trial of the persons engaged in the Gunpowder Plot, was a letter from a correspondent (J. B., Vol. ii., p. 168.) announcing that the identical MS. copy of the work referred to by Sir Edward Coke on the occasion in question, was safely preserved in the Bodleian Library. It was not to be supposed that a document of such great historical interest, which had been long sought after, should, when discovered, be suffered to remain unprinted; and Mr. Jardine, the accomplished editor of the _Criminal Trials_ (the second volume of which, it will be remembered, is entirely devoted to a very masterly narrative of the Gunpowder Plot), has accordingly produced a very carefully prepared edition of the Tract in question; introduced by a preface, in which its historical importance is alone discussed, the object of the publication being not controversial but historical. "To obviate," says Mr. Jardine, "any misapprehension of the design in publishing it at a time when events of a peculiar character have drawn much animadversion upon the principles of the Roman Catholics, it should be stated that the _Treatise_ would have been published ten years ago, had the inquiries then made led to its discovery; and that it is now published within a few weeks after the manuscript has been brought to light in the Bodleian Library." The work is one of the most important contributions to English history which has recently been put forth, and Mr. Jardine deserves the highest credit for the manner in which he was discharged his editorial duties.

_Horæ Egyptiacæ, or the Chronology of Ancient Egypt discovered from Astronomical and Hieroglyphical Records, including many dates found in coeval inscriptions from the period of the building of the great Pyramid to the times of the Persians, and illustrative of the History of the first Nineteen Dynasties, &c._, by Reginald Stuart Poole, is the ample title of a work dedicated to the Duke of Northumberland, under whose auspices it has been produced. The work, which is intended to explain the Chronology and History of Ancient Egypt from its monuments, originally appeared in a series of {399} papers in the _Literary Gazette_. These have been improved, the calculations contained in them subjected to the most rigid scrutiny; and when we say that in the preparation of this volume Mr. Poole has had assistance from Mr. Lane, Mr. and Mrs. Lieber of Cairo, Dr. Abbot of Cairo, Mr. Birch of the British Museum, Professor Airy, and, lastly, of Sir Gardener Wilkinson, who, in his _Architecture of Ancient Egypt_, avows that "he fully agrees with Mr. Poole in the contemporaneousness of certain kings, and in the order of succession he gives to the early Pharaohs," we do quite enough to recommend it to the attention of all students of the History and Monuments of Ancient Egypt.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Plato Translated by G. Burges_, vol. 4. The new volume of Bohn's Classical Library is in the fourth volume of the Translation of Plato, which, strange as it may sound to those of our readers who know anything of what is essential to a popular book in these days, has, we believe, been one of the most popular of the many cheap books issued by Mr. Bohn. How much the impression made on the public mind by the well-worn quotation, "Plato, thou reasonest well," may have contributed to this result, we leave others to decide.--_What is the working of the Church of Spain? What is implied in submitting to Rome? What is it that presses hardest upon the Church of England? A Tract by the Rev. F. Meyrick, M.A._ London: J. H. Parker. These are three very important _Queries_, but obviously not of a nature for discussion in NOTES AND QUERIES.--_The Penny Post_, I. to IV., _February to May_. The words "_thirtieth thousand_" on the title-page, show the success which has already attended this Church Penny Magazine.

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DIANA (ANTONINUS) COMPENDIUM RESOLUTIONEM MORALIUM. Antwerp.-Colon. 1634-57.

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CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681.

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