Chapter C: P. Ph

_Bacon and Fagan_ (Vol. iii., p. 106.).--The letters B and F are doubtless convertible, as they are both labial letters, and can be changed as _b_ and _p_ are so frequently.

1. The word "batten" is used by Milton in the same sense as the word "fatten."

2. The Latin word "flo" is in English "to blow."

3. The word "flush" means much the same as "blush."

4. The Greek word [Greek: bremo] is in the Latin changed to "fremo."

5. The Greek word [Greek: bora] = in English "forage."

6. _Herod._ vii. 73. [Greek: Bilippos] for [Greek: Philippos]; [Greek: Bryges] for [Greek: Phryges].

7. [Greek: Phalaina] in Greek = "balaena" in Latin = "balene" in French.

8. [Greek: Phero] in Greek = "to bear" in English.

9. "Frater" in Latin = "brother" in English.

Many other instances could probably be found.

I think that we may fairly imply that the labials _p_, _b_, _f_, _v_, may be interchanged, in the same way as the dental letters _d_ and _t_ are constantly; and I see no reason left to doubt that the word Bacon is the same as the word Fagan.

[Greek: Philologos.]

_To learn by Heart_ (Vol. iii., p. 425.).--When A SUBSCRIBER TO YOUR JOURNAL asks for some account of the origin of the phrase "to learn by Heart," may he not find it in St. Luke i. 66, ii. 19. 51.?

"To learn by _memory_" (or by "_rote_") conveys to my own mind a very different notion from what I conceive to be expressed by the words "To learn by _heart_." Just as there is an evident difference between a _gentleman in heart and feeling_, and a _gentleman in manners and education only_; so there is a like difference (as I conceive) between learning by heart and learning by rote; namely, the difference between a _moral_, and a merely _intellectual_, operation of the mind. To learn by _memory_ is to learn by _rote_, as a parrot: to learn by _heart_ is to learn _morally--practically_. Thus, we say, we give our hearts to our pursuits: we "love God with all our hearts," pray to Him "with the spirit, and with the understanding," and "with the heart believe unto righteousness:" we "ponder in our hearts," "muse in our hearts," and "keep things in our hearts," i. e. "_learn by heart_."

J. E.

_Auriga_ (Vol. iii., p. 188.).--Claudius Minois, in his Commentaries on the _Emblemata_ of Alciatus, gives the following etymology of "Auriga:"--

"Auriga non dicitur ab auro, sed ab aureis: sunt enim aureae lora
sive fraeni, qui equis ad aures alligantur; sicut oreae, quibus ora
coercentur."--_Alciati Emblemata_, Emb. iv. p. 262.

W. R.

Hospitio Chelhamensi.

_Vineyards in England_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.; Vol. iii., p. 341.).--Add to the others _Wynyard_, so far north as Durham.

C.

_Barker_ (Vol. iii., p. 406.).--Mr. Barker lived in West Square, St. George's Fields, a square directly opposite the Philanthropic Society's chapel.

G.

_Barker, the original Panorama Painter._--MR. CUNNINGHAM is quite correct in stating Robert Barker to be the originator of the Panorama. His first work of the kind was a view of Edinburgh, of which city, I believe, he was a native.

On his death, in 1806, he was succeeded by his son, Mr. Henry Aston Barker, the Mr. Barker referred to by A. G. This gentleman and his wife (one of the daughters of the late Admiral Bligh) are both living, and reside at Bitton, a village lying midway between this city and Bath.

A SUBSCRIBER.

Bristol, June 2, 1851.

_The Tanthony_ (Vol. iii., pp. 105. 229. 308.).--ARUN's Query is fully answered by a reference to Mrs. Jameson's _Sacred and Legendary Art_, vol. ii. p. 379., where the bell is shown to be emblematic of the saint's power to exorcise evil spirits, and reference is made to several paintings (and an engraving given of one) in which it is represented. The phrase "A Tantony Pig" is also explained, for which see further Halliwell's _Dict. of Arch. and Prov. Words_, s.v. Anthony.

C. P. PH***.

_Essay on the Irony of Sophocles, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 389.).--Three Queries by NEMO: 1. The Rev. Connop Thirlwall, now Bishop of St. David's, is the author of the essay in question. 2. Cicero, _Tusc. Disp._, i. 15. 39.:--_Errare_ mehercule _malo cum Platone ... quam cum istis vera sentire_; (again), Cicero, _ad Attic._, l. viii. ep. 7.:--_Malle_, quod dixerim, me _cum Pompeio vinci, quam cum istis vincere_. 3. The remark is Aristotle's; but the same had been said of Homer by Plato himself:

"Aristot. [_Eth. Nicom._ l. i. cap. 6. Sec. 1. ed. Oxon.] is
reluctant to criticise Plato's doctrine of _Ideas_, [Greek: dia to
philous andras eisagagein ta eide]: but, he adds, the truth must
nevertheless be spoken:--[Greek: amphoin gar ontoin philoin,
hosion protiman ten aletheian.]

"Plato [_de Repub._, X. cap. 1. p. 595 b.]:--[Greek: Philia tis me
kai aidos ek paidos echousa peri Homerou apokolyei legein ... all'
ou gar pro ge tes aletheias timeteos aner.]"

C. P. PH***.

_Achilles and the Tortoise_ (Vol. ii., p. 154.).--S. T. Coleridge has explained this paradox in _The Friend_, vol. iii. p. 88. ed. 1850: a note is subjoined regarding Aristotle's attempted solution, with a quotation from Mr. de Quincey, in _Tate's Mag._, Sept. 1834, p. 514. The passage in _Leibnitz_ which [Greek: Idihotes] requires, is probably "_Opera_, i. p. 115. ed. Erdmann."

C. P. PH***.

_Early Rain called "Pride of the Morning"_ (Vol. ii., p. 309.).--In connexion with this I would quote an expression in Keble's _Christian Year_, "On the Rainbow," (25th Sun. after Trin.):

"_Pride of the_ dewy _Morning_!
The swain's experienced eye
From thee takes timely warning,
Nor trusts else the gorgeous sky."

C. P. PH***.

_The Lost Tribes_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--JARLTZBERG will find one theory on this subject in Dr. Asahel Grant's book, _The Nestorians; or, the Lost Tribes_, published by Murray; 12mo.

C. P. PH***.

"_Noli me Tangere_" (Vol. ii., pp. 153. 253. 379.).--There is an exquisite criticism upon the treatment of this subject by various painters, accompanied by an etching from Titian, in that delightful book, Mrs. Jameson's _Sacred and Legendary Art_, vol. i. pp 354. 360.; and to the list of painters who have illustrated this subject, add _Holbein_, in the Hampton Court Gallery. (See Mrs. Jameson's _Handbook to the Public Galleries_, pp. 172. 353., 1845.)

C. P. PH***.

"_The Sicilian Vespers_" (Vol. ii., p. 166.).--Your correspondent is referred to _The War of the Sicilian Vespers_, by Amari, translated by the Earl of Ellesmere, published very lately by Murray.