Chapter C: N. S

_Mythology of the Stars_ (Vol. iii., pp. 70. 155.).--In the replies to correspondents on the above head, I have not seen noticed Dr. Lamb's translation of the old Greek poet Aratus, a work which, for a few shillings, would satisfy most persons on the subject, and be found entertaining in giving instruction.

T. M.

_Topical Memory_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--On topical memory I can refer your inquirer to _Cicero de Oratore_, book ii. lxxxvi., lxxxvii., §351-358., and _Ad Herenn._ iii. xvi.-xx., and _Quintil._ xi. ii. 2., p. 431. Rollin, ed. 1758.

E. J. S.

_Eisell_ (Vol. iii., p. 397.).--The following illustration of this word occurs in a MS. (Dd. i. fol. 7.) belonging to the University of Cambridge. The date is about 1350:

"þe iewis herde þis word wel alle,
And anon _eysel_ þei mengid wiþ galle."

It is here manifestly = _vinegar_.

C. H.

_Eisell._--I have long been convinced that the true interpretation of this word might be attained by a reference to the Welsh language; in which may be found the word _Aesell_ (_idem sonans_ with _Eisell_), implying verjuice, or vinegar. The two words are clearly identical (see page 377.).

GOMER.

_Four Want Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 168. 434.).--A cross road, or that point where four roads meet, is frequently called by the peasantry in Kent "the four vents" in other counties, "the four wents," "the four want way," &c. I have always considered the word as being derived from the ancient VENTA: thus VENTA _Icenorum_ (Caister, near Norwich), the highway of the Iceni; VENTA _Silurum_ (Caerwent, in Monmouthshire), the highway of the Silures; VENTA _Belgarum_ (Winchester), the highway of the Belgæ; both of which last-named cities retain in some degree the ancient appellation.

W. CHAFFERS, Jun.

_Meaning of Carfoix_ (Vol. iii., p. 469.).--Will your correspondent K. TH. give, if he can, an account of the word "carfoix?" Is it not the French _carrefour_, a name applied to more than one place in Guernsey, though not, I believe, necessarily to a spot where four ways meet? The chief carrefour there is at the junction of the Pollet, High Street and Smith Street; another is in the country, the _Carrefour aux Lievres_, the precise locality of which I cannot quite recall. MR. METIVIER, whose name I am glad to see in your pages, can tell, I dare say, of others. I suppose the derivation to be in _Quatuor fores_, or some French derivative from those words. "Carfoix" reminds me of "Carfax" in Oxford. Are the names akin to each other?

E. J. S.

_A regular Mull_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--The story of King Mûl is perhaps rather far-fetched. If it would neither put your correspondent in a _stew_, nor get myself into a _broil_, nor you into a _mess_ or a _pickle_, I would settle his _hash_ by suggesting that terms of cookery are frequently used as descriptive of disagreeable predicaments; and that though in our time nothing except beer or wine is _mulled_, yet it may not always have been so. Or may not the word be a corruption of _muddle_? I stand up for neither, but I will back either against King Mûl.

M.

_William Hone_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I expect that A. N. is labouring under a mistake in inquiring about an account of the "conversion" of "William Hone, THE COMPILER of the _Every-day Book_;" and that he means

"_The Early Life and Conversion of William Hone_, a narrative
written by himself, _edited_ by his SON, William Hone, author of
the _Every-day Book_, &c. London, J. Ward & Co., Paternoster Row,
1841. One Shilling."

I have no doubt that the work may be procured at the publishers'; but should not that be practicable, I shall be happy to lend your correspondent my copy. It may perhaps be neither unjust nor uninteresting to add, that _I know_ (from his own communication, shortly after the memorable trials) he was so affected by the celebrated _Parodies_ being charged as "blasphemous," that he immediately stopped the sale of them; that, though money was then of some consequence to him, he refused tempting offers for copies; and that he did so, because he declared he would rather suffer any privations than be considered as having sought to revile the religion of his country, or to do aught to injure Christianity, which he deemed to be the hope of all, and the poor man's charter. In making those observations, he emphatically placed his hand on a Bible which lay upon my table.

A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.

_The Rev. Mr. Gay_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--The name of Gay is not very common in the West of England, and MR. TAGART may possibly obtain some account of the Rev. Mr. Gay from the descendants of Gay of Goldworthy, near Bideford, in the county of Devon, who sprang from Hampton Gay in the county of Oxford, but became seised of the manor of Goldworthy, about the year 1420, by marriage with the daughter and heir of Curtis of Goldworthy, a branch of the ancient family of Curtis of Lostwithiel, in the county of Cornwall.

The latest representative of this family of Gay, of whom I have met with any notice, is Mr. Lawrence Gay, who, according to Lyson, was living in the year 1822 at South Molton, in the county of Devon. Lyson also says that "John Gay, the poet, was of this family."

LLEWELLYN.

_Lady Mary Cavendish_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I know nothing of any _Lady Mary's_ having married Mr. Maudsley, or Mosley of the Guards; but it is certain that she could not have been, _strictly speaking_, of the same family as Sir Henry Cavendish of Ireland, whose wife was created Lady Waterpark, with remainder to her issue by Sir Henry, who was descended from a _natural son_ of the Devonshire family, and even, I believe, before it was ennobled; so that it cannot be said that any _Lady_ Mary Cavendish was of the same family as Sir Henry.

C.

_Hand giving the Blessing_ (Vol. iii, p. 477.).--In blessing the people, the clergy of the Church of Rome raise the thumb and two forefingers, and close the others, to represent the three persons of the Trinity; and they give this some divine origin; but it is really an adoption of a pagan symbol in use long before the introduction of Christianity, not only by the Romans, but the Egyptians also. In Akerman's _Archæological Index_, p. 116., is an engraving of a silver plate of Roman workmanship, in which the figures representing Minerva and Juno have their hands elevated with the thumb and finger so disposed, and the figure of Vesta has the left hand in the same position. I wish some of your correspondents who are familiar with the classics and Egyptian antiquities, would further illustrate the origin of this curious and ancient custom, which hitherto has been regarded as originating with the Church of Rome only.

W. W.

_The Oldenburg Horn_ (Vol. ii., pp. 417, 516.).--There is a good engraving of this Horn, and the tradition about it is related, in p. 264, of the curious _Dissertatio de admirandis mundi Cataractis_ of Johannes Herbinius, Amstelodami, 1678, of which book there is a copy in the library of the Geographical Society.

W. C. TREVELYAN.

Athenæum, June 16. 1851.

_Covey_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--How could such a question be asked? Covey is _couvée_, French for a _brood_, a _hatching_, from _couver_, to hatch eggs.

C.

_Davy Jones's Locker_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--During many years of seafaring life, I have frequently considered the origin of this phrase, and have now arrived at the conclusion, that it is derived from the scriptural account of the prophet Jonah. The word _locker_, on board of ship, generally means the place where any particular thing is retained or kept, as "the bread locker," "shot locker," "chain locker," &c. In the sublime ode in the second chapter of the Book of Jonah, we find that the Prophet, praying for deliverance, describes his situation in the following words:

"In the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about:--the
depth closed me round about:--the earth with her bars was about
me."

The sea, then, might not be misappropriately termed by a rude mariner, Jonah's locker; that is, the place where Jonah was kept or confined. Jonah's locker, in time, might be readily corrupted to Jones's locker; and Davy, as a very common Welsh accompaniment of the equally Welsh name, Jones, added; the true derivation of the phrase having been forgotten.

W. PINKERTON.

_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., p. 482.).--The use of this word may be traced to an earlier period than has yet been shown by any of your correspondents?

In Florio's _Worlde of Wordes_, 1598, we have it thus:--

"_Ombrella_, a fan, a canopie, also a testern or cloth of state
for a prince, also a kind of round fan or shadowing that they use
to ride with in summer in Italy, a little shade."

[Greek: D.]

_Nao, a Ship_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--A. N. is informed that _naw_ is a Celtic name for a ship (the _w_ is sometimes sounded like _oo_); though the word is obsolete, authority for its application may be found in Davies' _Mythology, &c. of the Druids_. In the appendix to this work there is a poem (No. 6.) by Taliesin, containing the following example:--

"Ymsawdd yn llyn, heb _naw_."

"Sinking in the lake, without a ship."

The Britons consequently had a name for a ship, independent of Roman influence. Can A. N. produce any evidence that the Britons in pre-Roman times did not possess any vessels superior to the _cwrygl_? Is it probable that the warlike aid which the Britons constantly rendered the Gauls, was conveyed across the channel in mere "osier baskets?" Had the "water-dwellers" (Dwr-trig-wys) of Dorsetshire (Durotriges) attained no higher grade in navigation than that simple mode of water conveyance?

I am almost inclined to exclaim, "Mi dynaf y torch a thi" ("I will pull the torque with thee") in respect to the position claimed for the Latin _longa_; but passing this, I will advance the opinion that the Celtic _naw_ is the root of the Latin _navis_.

GOMER.

_Birth of Spenser_ (Vol. i., pp. 489. 482.).--Is not 1510 a mistake for 1550? The figures 1 and 5 are often confounded in manuscripts of Spenser's age. The mistake was probably that of the sculptor.

D. X.

_Petworth Registers_ (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485.).--The period over which these Registers extend is thus shown in the Accounts and Papers printed by order of Parliament in the year 1833, vol. xxxviii. p. 335:--

"County of Sussex.--Arundel Rape.

"Parish Register Books earlier than the new Registers commencing
with A. D. 1813 (according to 52 Geo. III. c. 146.), remain at the
following places:--

"Petworth R. No. I. Bap. Bur. 1559-1794, Marr. 1559-1753; No. II.
Bap. Bur. 1795-1812; Nos. III.-VI., Marr. 1754-1812."

The earlier register-book used by Heylin must have been removed from the proper custody before the year 1831. If still preserved in any public or private library it may perhaps reward some reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES" in the next century by turning up when unsought for. In the mean time, however, is there no official copy to be found in the Archbishop's courts at Canterbury?

LLEWELLYN.

_Arms of the Isle of Man_ (Vol. iii., p. 373.).--The symbol of three legs conjoined no doubt denotes the triangular shapes of the Isle of Man, and Sicily or Trinacria. The [Greek: tria akra] from which the name of the latter is derived are the promontories of Lilybæum, Pachynus, and Pelorus, now Capes S. Vito, Passaro, and Faro (Virg. Æn. iii. 384.). It is somewhat curious that the earliest coinage of this island, A.D. 1709 (which by the bye is cast, and not struck in the usual way: Obv. The crest of the Earls of Derby, the Eagle and Child, SANS CHANGER; Rev. The three legs), has the motto QVOCVNQVE · _GESSERIS_ · STABIT. The coinage of 1723 is exactly similar, but struck; whereas that of 1733 and all the succeeding ·coinages have QUOCUNQUE · JECERIS · STABIT, which is clearly the correct reading. I may add that I am engaged on a work on the Copper Coinage of Great Britain and her Colonies, and shall be thankful for any information on the subject respecting rare types, their history, &c.

E. S. TAYLOR.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

Messrs. Longman have commenced the publication, under the title of _The Traveller's Library_, of a series of shilling volumes which is intended to comprise "books of entertaining and valuable information in a form adapted for reading while travelling, and at the same time of a character that will render them worthy of preservation." The 1st Number contains Mr. Macaulay's brilliant sketch of '_Warren Hastings_' which has been appropriately followed by that of '_Lord Clive_,' from his _Historical Essays_ and will be succeeded by '_The Earl of Chatham_,' '_William Pitt_,' '_Horace Walpole_,' &c., from the same pen; and these again by other works of acknowledged merit, the price of which has hitherto confined them within a comparatively narrow circle of readers. The 3d Number, '_London_,' by Mr. McCulloch, belongs to this class. As a really cheap and not merely low-priced series of valuable books, this well-printed _Traveller's Library_ deserves, and, we trust will meet with, every success.

At a moment like the present, when so much inquiry is directed to the subject of public health and indeed of health generally, we may be excused for directing the attention, of our readers to '_The Laws of Health in relation to Mind and Body, in a Series of Letters from an Old Practitioner to a Patient_,' by Lionel J. Beale, as a small volume of useful hints and suggestions from one who obviously combines shrewd observation and professional knowledge, with that most useful of all qualifications for a writer on such a topic, namely, sound common sense.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Illustrations of Mediæval Costume in England from MSS. in British Museum, &c._, by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines, Part 3. The present number of this very cheap work on costume contains no less than three _coloured_ plates--curiously illustrative of the subject, though not so strictly English as the title-page would indicate.

_Hurry-graphs_, by N. Parker Willis, and _The House of Seven Gables_, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, form the new volumes of Bohn's Cheap Series. The former is characterised by the usual light, off-hand style of the writer. The latter will add to the reputation which Mr. Hawthorne has won by his '_Scarlet Letter_.' They are two pleasant volumes for the steam-boat or the railway carriage.

_An Essay of the Authenticity of the Four Letters of Atticus, included in Woodfall's Edition of Junius_, by William Cramp, is an attempt, and we must add an unsuccessful attempt, to prove that the Letters in question were written by Lord Chesterfield.

Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be occupied during the next week in the sale of the fifth portion of the singularly curious and valuable Library of Thomas Jolley, Esquire, including, among other interesting autographs, Literary Assignments, Receipts of Pope, Swift, Thomson, Fielding, &c.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue of Books Old and New; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Cheap Book Circular No. 30. of Books in all Languages.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols.

DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.

ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV.

DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.

MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.

ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.

BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6s. per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine. Alice, and Zanoni.

STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpr. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.

KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols.

The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPÆDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.

MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols. Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted.

L'ABBÉ DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht, 1713.

AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols, 24mo. Published by Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.

CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.

CRESPET, PERE. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits contre l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.

CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, où l'on traite de la Nécessité de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des différentes Formes de la Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Télémaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.

The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. Londres, 1721.

THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c. London, 1691. 12mo.

MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.

MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.

JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.

HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.

RUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.

CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.

WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.

STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.

OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.

COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. 1. 12mo. Lond. 1755.

HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.

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SMYTH'S (PROF. W.) LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo. 1841.

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Notices to Correspondents.

POPE JOAN. W. M. H. _is assured that the article in_ No. 81. _was written by_ R. R. M., _and not by the learned author, whose communications we agree with_ W. M. H. _in wishing_ "_we saw still more frequently in our pages_."

O. O. _The allusion in Tennyson to_--

"Her, who clasped in her last trance
Her murdered father's head,"

_is to Margaret Roper, who was buried with the head of her father, Sir Thomas More, in her arms. See_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iii., p. 10.

DUTCH BOOKS. MARTINUS _will feel obliged if_ HIBERNICUS _will forward the Catalogue_ (_he so kindly offers in_ No. 80. p. 378.) _to_ Mr. F. MULLER, _care of Mr. Nutt, bookseller No. 272. Strand_.

E. N. W. _The figures above the letters in the motto subscribed to the verses which Joannes Rombouts addressed to Verstegan, point out his Christian name_, Joannes; _those below the letters, his surname_, Rombouts.

R. H. _We are unable to furnish any information respecting the volume of_ IRISH ANTIQUITIES _to which our correspondent refers. We will willingly give insertion to any Query on the subject of Ogham Inscriptions generally._

E. S. T. _Will this correspondent kindly adapt his information on_ Bier Ways _as a reply to the Query on the subject?_

T. P. _The "Notes on Almanacks" are under consideration._

LION SYMBOLICAL OF THE RESURRECTION. _We owe it to_ JARLTZBERG _to explain with reference to_ C. P.***'s _remark_, p. 450., _that a_ long _reply to_ MR. EASTWOOD'S _Query was forwarded by him at the time; its_ length _indeed it was which necessarily led to its non-insertion at the time._

REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Encorah and Millicent, &c._--_Prenzie_--_M. or N._--_Local Mints_--_Rev. Mr. Gay_--_Petworth Registers_--_Baronettes_--_Curse of Scotland_--_Nao, a ship_--_Arches of Pelaga_--_Pylche or Pilcher_--_Dozen of Bread, or Baker's Dozen_--_Tinsel_--_Bonnie Cravat_--_Davy Jones's Locker_--_Arms of the Isle of Man_--_Dieu et mon Droit_--_William Hone_--_Cachecope Bell_--_Pallavicini_

CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_ T. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should forward copies of our_ Prospectus _to correspondents who would kindly enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist towards increasing our circulation._

_Errata._--Page 322. col. 1. l. 20., for "conscript_u_" read "conscript_a_;" and l. 29. for "_M_adingi" read "_W_adingi;" p 444. col. 1. l. 18., for "Upon" read "Uprose." In the _Tabula Regum_, p. 457., "scotus" in the fifth line should be "secundus;" in the fourteenth line, "xxiiij." should be "xx/iiij.," fourscore, not twenty-four; and in l. 23. for "xliij." read "xliiij."

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THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW.

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The Great Exhibition and its Influence upon Architecture.
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Established 1806.

Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._

Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._

Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._

_President._

The Right Honourable EARL GREY.

_Directors._

The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.

Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
George Dacre, Esq.
William Judd, Esq.
Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
Thomas Maugham, Esq.
William Ostler, Esq.
Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
George Round, Esq.
Frederick Squire, Esq.
William Henry Stone, Esq.
Capt. William John Williams.

J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.

_Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street,
Montague Square.

NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.

Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of
Bonuses.

-------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
| | | Bonuses added
Date | Sum | | subsequently,
of |Insured.| Original Premium. | to be further
Policy.| | | increased annually.
-------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
1806 | £2500 |£79 10 10 Extinguished| £1222 2 0
1811 | 1000 | 33 19 2 Ditto | 231 17 8
1818 | 1000 | 34 16 10 Ditto | 114 18 10
-------+--------+----------------------+--------------------

Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.

------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
Policy| Date.| Sum | Bonuses | Total with Additions
No. | |Insured.| added. |to be further increased.
------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
521 | 1807 | £900 | £982 12 1 | £1882 12 1
1174 | 1810 | 1200 | 1160 5 6 | 2360 5 6
3392 | 1820 | 5000 | 3558 17 8 | 8558 17 8
------+------+--------+------------+------------------------

Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
50. Regent Street.

Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by Special Permission to

THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers
and Music Warehouses.

"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._

"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
country."--_Literary Gazette._

"One of the best collection of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
merits the distinguished patronage under which it
appears."--_Musical World._

"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
appeared."--_John Bull._

Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._