Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851

Chapter III: Part 3

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The settlement of a colony of Flemings in the lower part of Pembrokeshire, called Rhos and Castle Martin, in the time of Henry I., was one of the subjects discussed at the meeting of the Cambrian Archæological Association at Tenby in August last, where the subject was fully debated, and the fact seemed established. A full report of this discussion is contained in the October number of the _Cambrian Archæological Association_, published by Pickering, London.

T. O. M.

_"History of Anglesey," &c._ (Vol. iv, p. 317.).--This publication is attributed to the Rev. J. Thomas in a note to page 230. of the _Cambrian Plutarch_, by the late J. Humphreys Parry.

T. O. M.

_The Lowey of Tunbridge_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--There still is, I believe, a district known by this name. In order to save the valuable space in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I will merely refer E. N. W. for information respecting it to the following works:

"A Perambulation of Kent; written in the yeere 1570 by William
Lambarde of Lincolnes Inn, Gent. Imprinted at London by Edm.
Bollisant, 1596."--Page 425.

This first I believe to be a somewhat scarce book.

"A Topographie or Survey of the County of Kent. By Richard
Kilburne, London, 1659."--Pp. 276, 277.

"Tunbridge Wells and its Neighbourhood. By Paul Amsinck, Esq.,
London, 1810."--Pp. 97-99.

There are incidental notices of Tunbridge Lowey in Hasted's _History of Kent_. From the _Parliamentary Gazetteer_ I extract the following (to which my attention has been directed by a friend):--

"Tunbridge Lowey, a division in the Lathe of Aylesford, County of
Kent. Area, 20,660 acres; houses, 2,072; population in 1831,
12,233."

In 1841 the census returns for that district gave a population of 14,638.

There is also, I believe, another "Lowey," viz. that of Pevensey.

R. VINCENT.

_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--About five years since I saw in the travelling library of an American lady a very good edition of Praed's _Poems_, small 8vo. clear type, published (I believe) in the _States_. The owner promised to send me a fac-simile of the work, on her return to New York; but family bereavements and various painful circumstances have arisen to banish the recollection of such a promise. I have asked for the book in vain in London; but if your correspondent K. S. is very anxious to procure a copy, I would suggest an order for it, given through _Chapman in the Strand_, to whom Wiley and Putnam appear to have transferred the American literary agency. I should think the price would not exceed six or seven shillings.

YUNAF.

[This collection was published by Griswold of New York in 1844. We
saw a copy at Tupling's, No. 320. Strand, a few days since.]

_John à Cumber_ (Vol. iv., p. 83.).--Some months ago MR. J. P. COLLIER made some inquiries respecting John à Kent, the Princess Sidanen, and John à Cumber. Respecting the two latter I was enabled to furnish some information; and since that I have fallen upon the traces of John à Cumber. My inquiries have recently been directed to the scene of the Battle of Cattraeth or Siggeston (Kirby Sigston); and I have endeavoured, hitherto ineffectually, to find some good description of the scenery of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of the great plain of Mowbray, which was probably the scene of the conflict described by Aneurin, and which, I believe, includes both Catterick and Sigston. It was in that country that I found John à Cumber, who is most probably the person described in the following extract:--

"Thirsk.--In the reign of Henry VII. an insurrection broke out
here, in consequence of an obnoxious tax. This was a subsidy
granted by the parliament to the king, to enable him to carry on
the war in Brittany against the French. The Earl of Northumberland
had signified at an assembly, that the king would not remit any
part of the tax, though the northern people had besought it; when
they, taking the earl to be the cause of the answer, fell upon,
and slew him, together with several of his servants, at the
instigation of one John à Chamber. They then placed themselves
under a leader, Sir John Egremond, who, on being defeated by the
Earl of Surrey, fled into Burgundy. John à Chamber and some others
were taken, and executed at York."--_A Picturesque Tour in
Yorkshire and Derbyshire_, by the late Edward Dayes, London, 1825,
pp. 147-8.

Dayes gives no authorities[2]; but this may afford a clue to further discoveries.

T. STEPHENS.

Merthyr, Nov. 21. 1851.

[Footnote 2: [Dayes' account of the above insurrection will be
found in Kennett's _History of England_, vol. i. p. 595.--ED.]]

_Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon_ (Vol. iv., pp. 338. 409.).--MR. W. S. GIBSON will find further particulars of the offence and punishment of this prince in a paper by Mr. Blaauw on the recently discovered letters of Prince Edward, which is published in the second volume of the _Sussex Archæological Collections_. The offence appears to have been committed in May or June, 1305, and the minister was, as has been stated, Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the king's Treasurer, but in the letters called Bishop of Chester; a seeming discrepancy arising from the fact that the Bishops of Lichfield and Coventry were not unfrequently called Bishops of Chester at that period, which was two centuries before the present see of Chester was created.

W. S. W.

Middle Temple.

It may be as well to add a note to your two communications from MR. JOSEPH BURTT and R. S. V. P., that the _Bishop of Chester_, named by the former, is one and the same person with the _Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry_, named by the latter, as suggested by MR. FOSS; the two bishoprics being identical, and almost as often called by one title as by the other.

P. P. C.

_Joceline's Legacy_ (Vol. iv., pp. 367. 410.).--The _first_ edition I believe to have been "_The Mother's Legacie to her Vnborne Childe_, by Elizabeth Iocelin, London. Printed by Iohn Hauiland, for William Barret, 1624." pp. 114. + title, approbation and epistle dedicatorie (40).

Henry Jocelyn, a younger son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, who died 4 Eliz., married Anne, daughter and heir of Humphry Torrell, Esq., of Torrell's Hall, Essex, by whom he had Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knt., and _other sons;_ one of whom I suspect to have been the Tourell Jocelin, husband to Eliz. Jocelin, the authoress of this excellent little tract.

P. B.

_Bristol Tables_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--The four remarkable bronze tables, respecting which E. N. W. inquires, formerly stood under the piazza of the "Tolzey," or "Counter," in Bristol; the place where the merchants transacted business. On the opening of the Exchange in 1743, they were removed, and fixed in front of that building, where they now stand. It appears that they were presented to the city at different times, and by different persons. On a garter, beneath the surface of one of them, is the following inscription:--

"Thomas Hobson of Bristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp of
London gave me to this honourable city in remembrance of God's
mercy in anno domini 1625. N. C."

On a ring round the surface is this inscription:

"Praise the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits. He
saved my life from destruction, and ... to his mercy and
loving-kindness. Praise...."

On a ring round the surface of the second is the following:

"A.D. 1631. This is the gift of Mr. White of Bristoll, Merchant,
brother unto Dr. Thomas White, a famous benefactor to this citie."

On the garter round the exterior is this inscription:

"The church of the Living God is the pillar and ground of the
truth. So was the work of the pillars finished."

The third table has the following words round the surface:

"This Post is the gift of Master Robert Kitchen, Merchant, some
time Maior and Alderman of this city, who deceased Sep. 1. 1594."

On the ring below the surface:

"His Executors were fower of his servants. John Barker, Mathew
Howil, and Abell Kitchin, Aldermen of this city, and John
Rowborow, Sherif. 1630."

Six lines in verse, and a shield with armorial bearings, formerly appeared as the centre of this table; but they are now obliterated.

The fourth table, which is supposed to be the oldest, has no inscription.

These curious round tables, on which the merchants of this ancient city formerly made their payments, and wrote their letters, &c., are now used by the newsmen, who here sell the daily journals, &c. In times of popular excitement, they have been sometimes used as pedestals, whence mob-orators, and candidates for parliamentary honours, have harangued the populace.

J. R. W.

_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 330.).--There is a hundred in Norfolk called Grimeshoe or Grimeshow, of which Blomefield, in his History, vol. ii. p. 148., says:

"It most probably derives its name from _Grime_ and _hoo_, a hilly
champaign country. This Grime was (as I take it) some considerable
leader or general, probably of the Danes, in this quarter; and if
he was not the _præsitus comitatus_, or _vicecomes_, that is, the
shire reeve or sheriff, he was undoubtedly the _Centuriæ
præpositus_, that is, the hundred-greeve; and, as such, gave the
name to it, which it retains to this day."

Near this is a curious Danish encampment, with a number of pits and tumuli, called _Grime's Graves_, from the aforementioned Grime. These are about two miles east of the village of Weeting, on a rising ground. On the west side of the village is a bank and ditch, extending several miles, called the Fen-dyke or Foss. The encampment contains about two acres, and is of a semicircular form. There are numerous deep pits dug within it in the quincunx form, and capable of concealing a large army. There are also several tumuli, one in particular of a long shape. The usual opinion respecting these remains is, that it was the seat of great military operations between the Saxons and Danes.

E. S. TAYLOR.

_Derivation of "Æra"_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--With regard to the derivation of _Æra_ (or _Era_). I have always been accustomed to explain the derivation of _Æra_ or _Era_ thus:--that it is a term transferred from the [brazen] tablets, on which the records of events were noted, to the events themselves, and thence to the computum, or fixed chronological point from which the reckoning proceeds.

My difficulty here has been to find sufficient instances of the use of brass in ancient times for these purposes. Brass was the material on which laws, &c. were commonly registered: but the fasti at present discovered, as far as I can learn, are engraven on marble; as, for instance, the Fasti Capitolini, discovered in the Roman Forum in 1547, and the fragments afterwards brought to light in 1817, 1818.

Isidore of Hispola, in the eighth century, in his _Origines_, gives this derivation:

"Æra singulorum annorum constituta est a Cæsare Augusto, quando
primum censum exegit. Dicta autem Æra ex eo, quod omnis orbis æs
reddere professus est reipublicæ."

I quote on the authority of Facciolati, who adds that others derive the word from the letters A.ER.A., "annus erat Augusti." These are not at all satisfactory; and I shall be glad if you will allow me to throw in my derivation as "being worth what it will fetch."

THEOPHYLACT.

Koch says, in note 5 to the Introduction of his _Revolution of Europe_, that "æra" is derived from the initials of the phrase "Anno erat regnante Augusto;" and was first used among the Spaniards, who dated from the renewal of the second triumvirate even down to the fourteenth or fifteenth centuries.

HD.

_Scent of the Blood-hound_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--C. H. asks whether it be true that hound loses his scent--

"If he fele swetness of þe flouris."

A few years ago a master of fox-hounds in the New Forest excused some bad sport in March thus "The hounds can't hunt for those d--d stinking violets!" rather to the amusement of some of his field.

G. N.

_Monk and Cromwell Families_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--A SUBSCRIBER seems to imply that the Monk and Cromwell families intermarried. In Chauncy's _Hertfordshire_, vol. i. p. 582. of the new edition, but which was originally printed in 1700, it is stated, that the well-known manor of Theobalds was granted by Charles II. to the great Monk in tail male; on the death of his son, Duke Christopher, it reverted to the crown; and that King William, by letters patent of the 4th of April, 1689, gave it to William Bentinck, who was created Earl of Portland. It must have come therefore, to the Cromwells by intermarriage either with Bentinck, which, I believe, was not the case, or with some subsequent purchasers of the manor. Theobalds originally belonged to Sir Robert Cecil, of whom James I. obtained it in exchange for Hatfield. It was given as reward for restoring the Stuarts to Monk, and to Bentinck for assisting again to expel them.

J. H. L.

"_Truth is that which a man troweth_" (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--For the information of your correspondent Γ. I send the following, which I believe to be the original authority for the above saying. It is taken from the celebrated work of Horne Tooke's, entitled _Diversions of Purley_, which, though highly interesting as a treasury of philological information, contains this among other absurd attempts to base moral conclusions on the foundation of etymology:--

"_Truth_ is the third person singular of the indicative _trow_. It
was formerly written _troweth_, _trowth_, _trouth_, and _troth_.
And it means (_aliquid_, anything, something) that which one
_troweth_, i.e. thinketh, or firmly believeth."

Dugald Stewart, in his _Philosophical Essays_, justly observes regarding the principle involved in such speculations, that "if it were admitted as sound, it would completely undermine the foundations both of logic and of ethics."

TYRO.

Dublin.

"_Worse than a Crime_" (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--In reply to a question you attribute the famous saying concerning the murder of the Duc D'Enghien to Talleyrand.

If you will refer to p. 266. vol. i. of Fouché's _Memoirs_, 2nd edition, 1825, C. Knight, you will find that he claims the saying to himself:

"I was not the person who hesitated to express himself with the
least restraint respecting the violence against the rights of
nations and of humanity. 'It is more than a crime, it is a
political fault.' I said words which I record, because they have
been repeated and attributed to others."

J. W.

Walsall.

In matters of rumour different people hear different things. I never heard the words "c'estoit pire qu'un crime, c'estoit une faute," ascribed to any one but Fouché of Nantes. I have understood that the late Prince of Condé would not hold any intercourse with the Prince de Talleyrand, or with the Court when he was present officiating as Grand Chamberlain of France, owing to his full conviction of that minister's privity to the murder of his son. But how is that consistent with Talleyrand's more than condemning, and even ridiculing the action?

A. N.

_Verses in Classical Prose_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--Merely as matter of information, permit me to refer your correspondent A. A. D. to the notes of Glareanus and Drakenborch on the first lines of Livy's preface, and to the "variorum" commentators on the first line of Tacitus' _Annals_ ("Urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere"), for a collection of examples of the occurrence of verse in prose compositions.

THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY.

_Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru_ (Vol. iv., p. 257.).--Probably the melodramatic spectacle mentioned by MR. HASKINS was derived from a Spanish book, of which I possess an English translation, bearing the following title:--

"A Relation of the First Voyages and Discoveries made by the
Spaniards in America, with an Account of their unparalleled
Cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above Forty
Millions of People. Together with the Propositions offered to the
King of Spain, to prevent the further ruin of the West Indies. By
Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an
Eye-witness of their Cruelties. Illustrated with Cuts. London,
printed for Daniel Brown at the Black Swan and Bible without
Temple Bar, and Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in
Cornhill, near Stocks Market, 1699." 8vo. pp. 248.

The "cuts" are twenty-two in number, on two fly-sheets, and represent torturing death in the most horrible variety.

A MS. note on a fly-leaf, in the handwriting of Mr. Bowdler of Bath, says, "This book is taken out of the fourth part of Purchas's _Pilgrims_, fol. 1569."

E. WARING.

Hotwells, Clifton.

_Nolo Episcopari_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--_Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ seems to ascribe the above oft-quoted words to the _Roman Pontifical_:--

"It is lawful to desire a Bishoprick; neither can the
unwillingness to accept it be, in a prudent account, adjudged the
aptest disposition to receive it (especially if done in
ceremony--(in Pontifical. Rom.)--just in the instant of their
entertainment of it, and possibly after a long ambition.)"--_Life
of Christ_, Ad Sect. IX. Part I. 2.; _Considerations upon the
Baptism of Jesus_, p. 96. Lond. 1702. Fol.

On more occasions than one I have hunted Roman Pontificals in vain, but I may have been unfortunate in the editions to which I had access.

It cannot at all events have descended from remote antiquity, for "episcopari" is a comparatively modern word.

St. Bernard uses it in his 272nd _Epistle_; but the Benedictine editors speak of it as an "exotic."

RT.

Warmington.

_Hougoumont_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The assertion of your correspondent A. B. R. I have met with before, but forget where: viz. that the proper designation of the château in question is _Goumont_, and that _Hougoumont_ is only a corruption of _Château Goumont_.

This may be the case; but the Duke must not be charged with the corruption, for I have now before me a map of the Département de la Dyle, published "l'An 8 de la République Française, à Bruxelles, &c., par Ph. J. Maillart et Soeur," &c., in which the place is distinctly called _Hougoumont_.

A. C. M.

Exeter.

_Call a Spade, a Spade_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I have found two early, but unauthenticated, instances of the use of this saying, in a note by J. Scaliger on the _Priapeia, sive Diversorum Poetarum in Priapum Lusus_:--

"Simplicius multo est, ----, latinè
Dicere, quid faciam? crassa Minervæ mea est."

_Carmen_, ii. 9, 10.

"Ἄγροικός εἰμι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγω;"
Aristophanes.--"Unde jocus maximi Principis, Philippi Macedonis.
Quum ii, qui prodiderant Olynthum Philippo, conquestum et
expostulatum ad ipsum venissent, quod injuriosè nimis vocarentur
proditores ab aliis Macedonibus: οἱ Μακεδόνες, inquit, ἀμαθεῖς
καὶ ἄγροικοί εἰσι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγουσι."—J. Scaliger.

For which note see the "Priapeia," &c., at the end of an edition of Petronius Arbiter, entitled, _Titi Petronii Arbitri Equitis Romani Satyricon. Concinnante Michaele Hadrianide. Amstelodami. Typis Ioannis Blaeu. M.DC.LXIX._

As I cannot at this moment refer to any good verbal index to Aristophanes, I cannot ascertain in what part of his works Scaliger's quotation is to be found. Burton, in his preface to the _Anatomy of Melancholy_ ("Democritus Junior to the Reader"), repeats the saying twice, _i.e._ in Latin and English, and presents it, moreover, in an entirely new form:

"I am _aquæ potor_, drink no wine at all, which so much improves
our modern wits; a loose, plain, rude writer, _ficum voco ficum,
et ligonem ligonem_, and as free as loose; _idem calamo quod in
mente_: I call a spade a spade; _animis hæc scribo, non auribus_,
I respect matter, not words," &c.--Democritus Jr. to the Reader,
Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Blake, MDCCCXXXVI. one vol. 8vo.
p. 11.

C. FORBES.

Temple.

"_Tace is Latin for a Candle_" (Vol. i., p. 385.; Vol. ii., p. 45.).--Your correspondent H. B. C. states that the earliest use he has met with of this phrase is in Dean Swift's _Polite Conversation_, written, as appears by the preface, about 1731; but he will find, in Dampier's _Voyages_, the same phrase in use in 1686, or perhaps earlier: not having the work itself at hand, I cannot refer him to the passage, but he will find it quoted in the _United Service Journal_ for 1837, Part III. p. 11.

J. S. WARDEN.

Balica, Oct. 1851.

_Collars of SS._ (Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).--With reference to the different notices that have appeared in your pages respecting effigies bearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the desire expressed by MR. E. FOSS, that information should be sent to you of any effigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to state that in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a finely executed high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of "John ap Ellis Eyton" and of his lady "Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;" the former deceased A.D. 1524, and the latter A.D. 1527. The knight wears the collar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is stated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on that day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The knight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest against a lion.

G. J. R. G.

Pen-y-lau, Ruabon.

_Locusts of the New Testament_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).--In reference to the word ἀκρὶς, which has given rise to so much discussion in your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the pâtois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = Nicæa, founded by the Phocæans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.; Herod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which answers to the "locust" is called by the peasantry _acroòb_; and in order that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its similarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a packet of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law would authorise the antithesis of a _d_ for a _p_ sound, but every student of Romaic will allow the tendency that _i_ and _o_ sounds have for interchanging. This would give _acreed_, ακρίδ, the root of ἀκρὶς.

NICÆENSIS.

_Theodolite_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--If your correspondent J. S. WOOD will refer to Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, he will find the derivation of the word thus--

"THEODOLITE (Fr. from θεῶ, Gr., contracted of θεάω, or θεάομαι, to
observe; and δολιχὸς, long. See Morin, _Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict._),
a mathematical instrument for taking heights and distances."

HENRY WILKINSON.

Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851.

"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_" (Vol. iv., p. 211.).--Your correspondent MR. C. FORBES appears anxious to know where Montaigne speaks of "a posie of other men's flowers." I believe that there is an error in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I presume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it applies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by another:

"La vérité et la raison sont communes à un chascun, et ne sont
plus à celui qui les adictes premièrement, qu'à qui les dict
aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy
et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. _Les abeilles pillotent
deça delà les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est
tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine_; ainsi les pièces
empruntées d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en
faire un ouvrage tout sien, à scavoir son jugement,"
&c.--_Essays_, livre i. chap. 25.

I hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's inquiry.

J. R.

_Voltaire_ (Vol. iii. p. 433.).--On the subject of _anagrams_, lately adverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that which showed that the name of _Voltaire_, as adduced by me in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ a few years back, instead of being, as asserted by Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram of his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le jeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the President of the French National Assembly uniformly called "Dupin l'aîné"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always "Dupin le jeune." Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le jeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and j were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v and i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though transposed, being equally in both:--

A R O V E T L J
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

V O L T A I R E
4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5

Although, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already appeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the _Dublin Review_ for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this celebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it has been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on the matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal name. To the Abbé Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the 17th of May, 1741:

"Je vous ai envoyé ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oublié le nom
d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers."

And, on another occasion:

"Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, où se trouve ce nom, malgré
le peu de cas que j'en fais."

Mixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be known by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding through the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, _De_. His elder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger by thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and curious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me.

J. R.

_Sinaïtic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--The decipherer of these inscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his alphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others which resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's _Lands of the Bible_.

E. H. D. D.

_Le Greene at Wrexham_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--A survey of the lordships of Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is situated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then Prince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the British Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names of the places and streets in this town the French article _le_ is used, as Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market, Le greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called "The Green") has still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a granary or corn-mill was ever situated there.

[Pointing hand symbol]

Wrexham.

_Cross-legged Effigies_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--In the parish church of Limington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand on the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the foundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the mouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness.

[Hebrew: Beth.]

_The Word Ἀδελφὸς_ (Vol. iv., p. 339.).--Your correspondent, the Rev. T. R. BROWN, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation of ἀδελφὸς from ἀ and δέλφυς, but wrong, as I think, in endeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic languages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek. The Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, _bhratri_ (Latin, _frater_, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the Hellenic races, is evidenced by their use of φράτρα, or φράτρη, in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced to the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word φρατὴρ was lost in Greek, and ἀδελφὸς substituted, we think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will make clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that they, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship between brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in which the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the well-known law forbidding ἀδελφοὶ ὁμομητρίοι _alone_ to marry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar excuse for marrying Sarah:

"And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my
father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my
wife."

It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing among the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from ἀ and δέλφυς, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which would soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term φρατὴρ. For further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of the word φρατὴρ, I would refer to a learned article on "Comparative Philology" in the last number of the _Edinburgh Review_, by Dr. Max Müller.

With regard to the derivations suggested by MR. BROWN from the Hebrew, Arabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no apparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can be used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being radically and fundamentally distinct.

J. B.

_Finger Pillories_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--Meeting recently with a person who, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local folk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described by MR. LAWRENCE. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently heard of these "stocks," as he called them, and that he believed they were used in "earlier days" for the purpose of inflicting _penance_ upon those parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened period. My informant illustrated his explanation with a "traditionary" anecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of imparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must leave others to determine.

J. B. COLMAN.

[Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he
refers?]

_Blackloana Heresis_ (Vol. iv., p. 239.).--The accounts given of Blacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one furnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was Peter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read?

E. A. M.

_Quaker Expurgated Bible._--A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Vol. iv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner not very satisfactory. He says "no committee was ever appointed by the Society of Friends" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt the English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted did not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of Friends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede the version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is adopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states is this:--That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to publish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends' families; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised that every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged which was unfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called dangerous, which the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own destruction.

My Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any of your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded to? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to publish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and that the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the project. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly named, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to give me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to do so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw a doubt upon her veracity.

"_Acu tinali merida_" (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--An ingenious friend has suggested to me the following explanation of this passage: Ἄκουε τὴν ἄλλην μερίδα. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come immediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., _i.e._ "audi alteram partem." I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the Greek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this ulterior question.

C. H.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

What the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, sang in 1748,--

"Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured
With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured,
Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase,
Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace;
Where Commerce only should exert her sway,
And musing Science trim th' unfading bay"--

was in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical fiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth. Hence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those potent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician Paxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of the _Arabian Nights_;--and hence the avidity with which, like ministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists and artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome the masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science. Hence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May until October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a scene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of display or moral grandeur.

Of such an event--of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly represented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well desire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the Crystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under its roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo volumes which form _The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Great Exhibition_, 1851. In this great and useful record--the raw materials for which were furnished by no fewer than _fifteen thousand authors_--we have not only an account of every article exhibited, accompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest scientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the objects described--which annotations again are rendered still more valuable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered through these pages,--but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical Introduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and Completion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the Building and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis' interesting description of the Revision and Preparation of the Catalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices and Lists for facilitating references--our readers will, we think, agree with us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary Catalogue may fairly be regarded as _An Encyclopædia of the Industry of all Nations in 1851_, and as such should find a place not only in every factory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment within the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase the _Illustrated Catalogue_, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and improved edition of the _Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices of Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists_: while to enable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the scientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a summing-up of the details to be found in the works already described, they commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a _Handbook to the Official Catalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations_, 1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though some who may only wish for general views and impressions may content themselves with his _Handbook_, the majority of the purchasers of the larger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an indispensable companion to them.

When we read the announcement that Mr. Planché was about to publish _The Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts_, we looked for a work in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be found applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has been too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want of the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm upon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts rather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now at the head of the College of Arms, to whom, "as an able antiquary and worthy man," the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably dissent from some of Mr. Planché's views, he will, we are sure, admit that they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and ability; and that the _Pursuivant of Arms_, with its numerous woodcut illustrations drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable contribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities.

Few books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on their first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer period, than the lively volume entitled _Eothen_. In selecting it, therefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of _The Traveller's Library_, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the interest of that excellent series of cheap books.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--C. Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand) Catalogue No. 3. of Old and New Books; W. Lumley's (56. Chancery Lane) Bibliographical Advertiser No. 9., Ninth Series; E. Stibbs's (331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-fifth Catalogue of English, Foreign, Classical and Miscellaneous Cheap Second-hand Books; and Supplementary Catalogue of Italian Books.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo.

WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a copy.

FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of his works.

BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS.

LAW'S APPEAL, &c.

LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON.

HUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper.

CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.

CHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D. 1756 or 1757.

AN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND CHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo.

REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. by Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to.

LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737.

CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760.

TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I.

WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706.

LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742.

ADAMS' MORAL TALES.

AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805.

[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
_carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. _In compliance with the suggestion of several correspondents, that the space now occupied by our enumeration of catalogues published during the week might be filled with information of greater interest to our readers, such announcements will in future be discontinued._

O. S. _The passage_--

"Finds tongues in trees," &c.

_is in Shakspeare's_ As You Like It, Act II. Scene 1.

W. S. (Linwood). _The_ History of Napoleon _in the_ Family Library _was written by Mr. Lockhart._

MR. FENTON'S _Query was received, and, as we thought, inserted. It shall be attended to._

DRYASDUST'S _Query respecting the "Crucifix" appeared in our last Number_, p. 422.

_A copy of_ D'ARBLAY'S DIARY, Vol. II., _has been reported, and may be had of the Publisher._

REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Coins of Vabalathus--Crosses and Crucifixes--Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke--Coke, how pronounced--Freemasonry--Calendar of Knights--Ellrake--Isabel of Man--Cromwell Estates--Jonah and the Whale, &c.--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Locust Tree--Story in Jeremy Taylor--Deep Well near Banstead Downs--Erroneous Scripture Quotations--Crowns have their Compass--Presant Family--Dido and Æneas, &c.--Earwig--Passage in Virgil--Passage in Campbell--Bristol Tables--Slums, &c.--Serpent with a Human Head--Abigail--Hogarth and Cooper._

_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., _will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating them._

VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._

NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office Order drawn in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be addressed._

_Erratum._--Vol. iv. p. 429. col. i. 1. 15. for "works of" read "works of two of."

THE ART JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 1852.

Circulation guaranteed at 30,000.

Advertisements for January should be addressed to MR. CLARK, "Art
Journal Office," 8. Wellington Street North, ON OR BEFORE THE
THIRTEENTH INSTANT.

SEASONABLE GIFT-BOOK FOR THE YOUNG.

Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engravings, price
4_s._ 6_d._

THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS, and OTHER TALES. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY.
Dedicated to her Children.

"Approaching in tone and tendency to the Faëry Tales of Andersen.
Most commendable as a faëry book, with a beautiful Frontispiece
Illustration by an amateur artist, Miss L. E.
Barker."--_Athenæum._

"A very pretty little book, showing a great deal of talent and
originality. Indeed, the children are so real, so like our own
small friends and acquaintance in all their ways and sayings, that
it gives an additional quaintness to the story to find them,
subject to the influence of fairies. The lessons are all
admirable."--_The Monthly Packet._

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Just published, No. 14. price 2_s._ 6_d._ imperial 4to.,

DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing
examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect.

CONTENTS.

E.E. Side Elevation and Section, South Porch,
West Walton Church, Norfolk.
" Details of Pinnacle from ditto ditto.
" Window, Binham Priory, Norfolk.
" Door. ditto ditto.
DEC. Diaper work from Winchelsea.

(Continued Monthly.)

London: D. BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.

NEW WORK BY DR. R. G. LATHAM.

This day, demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth,

THE GERMANIA OF TACITUS; with Ethnological Dissertations and
Notes. By Dr. R. G. LATHAM, Author of the "English Language," &c.

London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street; and
27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

CHEAP FOREIGN BOOKS.

Just published, post free, one stamp,

WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S SECOND-HAND CATALOGUE, No. 4. Literature,
History, Travels, German Language, Illustrated Books, Art,
Architecture, and Ornament. 600 Works at very much reduced prices.

WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S GERMAN BOOK CIRCULARS. New Books and Books
reduced in price. No. 28. Theology, Classics, Oriental and
European Languages, General Literature. No. 29. Sciences, Natural
History, Medicine, Mathematics, &c.

[Star symbol] Gratis on application.

WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.

NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.

YEAST: A PROBLEM. By CHARLES KINGSLEY, Rector of Eversley. Cheaper
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LEAVES FROM THE NOTE-BOOK OF A NATURALIST. By W. J. BRODERIP,
F.R.S., Author of "Zoological Recreations." Post 8vo.

ON THE STUDY OF WORDS. Five Lectures addressed to the Pupils at
the Diocesan Training School, Winchester. By R. CHENEVIX TRENCH,
B.D., Professor of Divinity, King's College. 3_s._ 6_d._

ARUNDINES CAMI, sive MUSARUM CANTABRIGIENSIUM LUSUS CANORI;
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THE OLD TESTAMENT.--Nineteen Sermons on the First Lessons for the
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College. 6_s._

THE KINGDOM of CHRIST. By R. WHATELEY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin.
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HISTORY OF TRIAL BY JURY. By W. FORSYTH, M.A., late Fellow of
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BABYLON AND JERUSALEM; a Letter addressed to Ida, Countess of
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PEARSON'S LECTURES ON THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND ANNALS OF ST.
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BIBLE COINS; Metallic Fac-similes of the Coins mentioned in Holy
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BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER.

NEANDER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 5. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._