Chapter C: H. Cooper

Cambridge.

_Church of St. Bene't Fink_ (Vol. iv., p. 407.).--I think some account of the inscriptions, or of their having been transcribed, will be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, as well as of those removed by the destruction of the church of _St. Michael's, Crooked Lane_, in order to make the approaches for new London Bridge; there, also, I think I have seen some account of the inscriptions in the church pulled down for the erection of the _Bank of England_. The preservation of the monumental records of the dead has been so frequently suggested in "NOTES AND QUERIES," that I will not occupy space by urging further arguments in favour of the scheme proposed for the transcription and preservation of inscriptions on monuments and grave-stones. The numerous churches which, in these days, are undergoing alterations and repairs, call for your continued exertion to effect the object you have already submitted for the purpose in former numbers. The ancient church of St. Mary, Lambeth, has just been rebuilt, and many of the monumental tablets will of necessity be removed from their former sites, and grave-stones may disappear. The venerable _Ashmole_ lies at the entrance of the old vestry, under a flat stone; and outside, a short distance from the window, lies _Tradescant_, under a large altar-tomb in a state of decay!

G.

When the church of St. Bene't Fink was pulled down, to make room for the new Royal Exchange in 1844, the monumental tablets, &c. were removed to the church of St. Peter's-le-Poor in Old Broad Street, to which Parish the former is now annexed.

J. R. W.

Bristol.

_Coins of Vabalathus_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255, 427.).--An article on the coins of the Zenobia family appeared in the _Revue Numismatique_, 1846, vol. xi. p. 268. The writer of that article says--

"Il est impossible de rendre compte du mot [Greek: SROIAS] ou
[Greek: SRIAS], qui precede, sur quelques pieces, le nom de
_Vabalathus_. La meme observation s'applique aux medailles Latines
du meme prince, dont le nom est suivi d'un certain nombre de
lettres, VCRIMDR ou VCRIIVID auxquelles on s'est efforce
inutilement de trouver un sens."

W. W.

_Engraved Portrait_ (Vol. iv., p. 443).--This is the portrait of Daniel De Foe, and was engraved by W. Sherwin. The verses underneath are--

"Here you may see an honest face,
Arm'd against Envy and Disgrace,
Who lives respected still in spite
Of those that punish them that write."

It is mentioned in _The Catalogue of English Heads_, by Jos. Ames, p. 57.

JOHN I. DREDGE.

"_Cleanliness is next to godliness_" (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--The author of the Epistle to the Hebrews says (ch. x. v. 22.):

"Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith,
having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies
washed with pure water."

It has long been my opinion that the proverb in question arose from the above text, in which _a pure conscience_, a necessary condition of _godliness_, is immediately followed by an injunction to _cleanliness_.

H. T.

_Cozens the Painter_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--I would refer your correspondent, for the few particulars known of him, to Edwards's _Anecdotes of Painting_, 1808 (in continuation of Horace Walpole's _Anecdotes_), p. 120.

Cozens's chief patrons were Wm. Beckford, Esq., of Fonthill; G. Baker, of St. Paul's Churchyard; John Hawkins, Esq., of Bognor; and the Earl of Harewood (of his time). If your correspondent wishes to see some few fine specimens of his works, Mr. George Smith, of Hamilton Terrace, and Charles Sackwille Bale, Esq., of Cambridge Terrace, possess some very fine ones. Mr. J. Heywood Hawkins has at Bognor his father's collection.

Cozens's fine drawings are very uncommon, and he is now little known, though one of the fathers of the Water-Colour School, and of the highest ability. I am not aware of any published portrait of him: your correspondent's portrait of him by Pine is therefore interesting. Pine was Cozens's mother's brother.

FRANCIS GRAVES.

In addition to the opinion ascribed to Mr. Turner, it may be mentioned that the late John Constable, R.A., spoke of Cozens as "_the_ greatest of landscape-painters." I cannot at present give a reference to Leslie's _Life of Constable_, but am sure that this saying occurs there more than once.

J. C. R.

_Whig and Tory_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 281.).--In addition to what has appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the etymology of these terms, I send you a note of what Lingard says on the matter:

"The celebrated party name _Tory_ is derived from _toringhim_, to
pursue for the sake of plunder. The name was given to certain parties
in Ireland, who, refusing to submit to Cromwell, retired into bogs and
fastnesses, formed bodies of armed men, supporting themselves and
their followers by the depredations which they committed on the
occupiers of their estates. They were called _Raperees_ and _Tories_."

"It was during the reign of Charles II. that the appellations of
_Whig_ and _Tory_ became permanently affixed to the two great
political parties.... The first had long been given to the Covenanters
on the west of Scotland, and was supposed to convey a charge of
seditious and anti-monarchical principles...."

PHILIP S. KING.

_Prince Rupert's Drops_ (Vol. iv., pp. 234. 274.).--In your reply to the Query respecting these drops, you state that it is not certain in what country they were invented; I may therefore mention that the French call them _larmes Bataviques_, from the circumstance of their being made in Holland; from whence some were sent to Paris in 1656, to the Swedish minister there, M. Chanut.

PHILIP S. KING.

_Deep Well near Bansted Downs_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--I am well acquainted with the country immediately south of the Bansted Downs, and can give W. S. G. some information about the wells there.

I know no country where there is so great a scarcity of water. The nearest stream is a small branch of the Mole, which has its rise some three miles off, just beyond Merstham (pronounced "Meestrum"). The ponds are very few and shallow, so that the inhabitants have to rely on wells for their water. Wells, however, are an expensive luxury, and appertain only to the better-most dwellings. I know several labourers' cottages distant upwards of a mile from the nearest well or pond; they use what water they catch, and when that is gone, shift as they best can,--most commonly do without. This scarcity of water may be the reason why a district within fifteen miles of London is so thinly populated.

The country is very hilly, and even the valleys are some height above the level of London. Woodmansterne is said to be the highest point in Surrey next to Leith Hill.

Most of the farm-houses and superior cottages have wells, and many of these are of considerable depth. There is one just at the foot of Bansted Downs (and consequently in the valley), which is 120 feet deep. After a dry summer this well is very low, and after a second quite empty. This is about the general depth of the valley wells. There is one in the railway valley, below Chipsted Church, some 100 feet deep; I have never known it dry. Within a stone's throw of this last, the London and Brighton railway runs in a very deep cutting,--I have been told the deepest railway cutting in England,--and great fears were entertained that this deep cutting would drain this and several neighbouring wells. The only way, however, in which the railway affected the wells, was to cut right through one, parts of which may still be seen in the embankment.

It is not always the case that a deep well will drain its shallow neighbours. At the Feathers Inn, at Merstham, is a well cut in the solid chalk, 160 feet deep; this was quite out the other day, while two or three wells not fifty yards off, each thirty feet deep, had plenty of water.

Of course the wells on the hills are much deeper than those in the valleys. At a farm called Wood Place, some three miles from Bansted, is a well 365 feet deep; it is never actually out of water; four pair of hands are needed to raise the bucket.

At a farm called Portnals, about a mile from Bansted, is the deepest well I know in these parts; a horse is required to draw the water. It is some 460 feet, and, I have been told, generally somewhat low. All these wells are, I believe, in the chalk.

In this part of Surrey are some wells said to be 500, 600, or even 700 feet deep.

W. S. G. may find some resemblance between the above and the one he wants, else there is no truth in a well.

I fear I am taking more of your space than my subject merits. I will therefore briefly conclude with a Query.

Where are the deepest wells in England?

P. M. M.

_Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke_ (Vol. iv., p. 396.).--Is Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke really dead?

She was alive two years since, and was then living with her son, Colonel Clarke, somewhere on the Continent. Colonel Clarke is an officer of the line, and is universally respected.

I obtained the above information from a friend and brother officer of the Colonel.

FM.

_Upton Court_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--My friend Miss Mitford gives a most interesting account of Upton Court in the _Ladies' Companion_ for August 1850, which, as I know the place well, I believe to be perfectly correct. A short extract may not be unwelcome:

"Fifty years ago a Catholic priest was the sole inhabitant of this
interesting mansion. His friend, the late Mrs. Lenoir, Christopher
Smart's daughter, whose books, when taken up, one does not care to put
down again, wrote some verses to the great oak. Her nieces, whom I am
proud to call my friends, possess many reliques of that lovely
Arabella Fermor of whom Pope, in the charming dedication to the most
charming of his poems, said that 'the character of Belinda, as it was
now managed, resembled her in nothing but beauty.'

"Amongst these reliques are her rosary, and a portrait, taken when she
was twelve or thirteen years of age. The face is most interesting: a
high, broad forehead; dark eyes, richly fringed and deeply set; a
straight nose, pouting lips, and a short chin finely rounded. The
dress is dark and graceful, with a little white turned back about the
neck and the loose sleeves. Altogether I never saw a more charming
girlish portrait, with so much of present beauty and so true a promise
of more,--of that order, too, high and intellectual, which great poets
love. Her last surviving son died childless in 1769, and the estate
passed into another family.

"Yet another interest belongs to Upton; not indeed to the Court, but
to the Rectory. Poor Blanco White wrote under that roof his first
work, the well-known _Doblado's Letters_; and the late excellent
rector, Mr. Bishop, in common with the no less excellent Lord Holland
and Archbishop Whately, remained, through all that tried and alienated
other hearts, his fast friend to his last hour."

The portrait of Arabella Fermor is in Reading, purchased at a sale at Upton Court many years ago, when the property changed hands.

JULIA R. BOCKETT.

Southcote Lodge.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

Of the value of broadsides, flying sheets, political squibs, popular ballads, &c. few can doubt; while the advantage of having these snatches of popular literature, when collected, deposited in some public and easily accessible library, will be readily admitted by all who may have had occasion to trespass on the time and attention (readily as they may be afforded to parties entitled to claim them), of the Master and Fellows of Magdalene, when requiring to consult the matchless collection of ballads, penny merriments, and chap books, deposited in their library by Samuel Pepys. These remarks have been suggested to us by a very handsome quarto volume entitled _Catalogue of Proclamations, Broadsides, Ballads, and Poems presented to the Chetham Library_, by J. O. Halliwell, Esq. As this catalogue is limited to one hundred copies, and has been printed for private circulation only, we must confine ourselves to announcing that it contains an enumeration of upwards of three thousand documents of the classes specified, many of them of very considerable interest, which the zeal of Mr. Halliwell has enabled him to gather together, and which his liberality has led him to deposit in the Chetham Library. We have marked several articles to which we propose to call the attention of our readers at some future moment; and we have no doubt that the Halliwell Collection in the Chetham Library, is one which will hereafter be frequently referred to, and consulted by, literary men.

If the Popular Mythology of these islands is ever to be fitly recorded, its most important illustration will be found in the writings of Grimm and his fellow-labourers. How zealously they are pursuing their search after the scattered fragments of the great mythological system which once prevailed in Germany is shown by a new contribution to its history, which has just been published by J. W. Wolf, under the title of _Beitraege zur Deutschen Mythologie_: I. _Goetter und Goettinnen_. In this volume the reader will find not only much that is new and interesting in connection with the history of the great mythic heroes and heroines, but very valuable supplements on the subject of Superstitions and Popular Charms.

Mr. D'Alton, the author of _The History of Drogheda_, is about to dispose of his Historical, Topographical, and Genealogical MS. Collections. They occupy upwards of 200 volumes, and comprise, on the plan of Watt's _Bibliotheca_, copious references to, and extracts from Records, Registries, Pleadings, Wills, Funeral Monuments, and Manuscript Pedigrees. They are to be sold wholly, or in lots, as classified at the commencement of Mr. D'Alton's _Annals of Boyle_.

Messrs. Ellis and Son, watchmakers, of Exeter, have published a very interesting _Map showing the Time kept by Public Clocks in various Towns in Great Britain_. Among many other curious notes which may be made on this subject, we may mention that it is Sunday in Inverness and Glasgow nearly seventeen minutes earlier than at Plymouth; and it will be 1852 in Liverpool eleven minutes before it will be so in Bristol.

Messrs. Cook and Hockin, of 289. Strand, have prepared a cheap, but very complete Chemical Chest, to accompany _Stockhardt's Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, recently published by Bohn in his _Scientific Library_.

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Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.
Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.
Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS.
Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.

Vol. III. (In progress.)
Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO; THE COUSINS.
Tale XII. OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.

SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationer's Hall Court.

Now ready. Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected.

Dedicated by Special Permission to

THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21, Holywell
Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers
and Music Warehouses.

"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._

"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
country."--_Literary Gazette._

"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
merits the distinguished patronage under which it
appears."--_Musical World._

"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
appeared."--_John Bull._

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._