Chapter III: Part 3

5. Nervous, in speaking of a part of the body, signifies a part in which there are many nerves, or much nervous matter, or which is endowed with extra sensibility.

These are the various ideas commonly attached to the word _nervous_. They are too many for the word to be a closely accurate one, but we must take them, not make them. We can, however, avoid the future inaccurate use of the term alluded to in explanation 4., and all the metaphorical derivations thereof, such as a "nervous style of writing," &c., and adhere to those two significations which are physiologically and pathologically correct, and which are obviously derivable from the several meanings and explanations above enumerated, viz.--

1. Of or belonging to the natural structure or functions of nerve; and

2. The quality of functional disorder or weakness of the nervous system in certain respects.

WILLIAM E. C. NOURSE.

Every one knows that instances of _catachresis_ occur in all languages; but I think this case may be more satisfactorily explained by considering that the _nerves_ consist of two very distinct and independent classes of organs--nerves of sensation, which conduct impressions to the sensorium; and nerves of volition, which convey the mental impulse to the muscles. From this it necessarily follows that when the former class are _over-active_ (and _redundancy_ is decidedly the adjectival idea in the word _nervous_), a morbid excitability of temper, with a perturbable anxious state of mind are produced (making the "bad" sense of the word); while from a similar state of the nerves of volition results a powerful and vigorous system of muscular action and mental energy (making the "good" sense of the word).

EDWIN J. JONES.

THE DUKE OF MONMOUTH'S POCKET-BOOKS.

(Vol. i., p. 198.; Vol. iv., p. 1.)

I am anxious to acknowledge that SIR F. MADDEN has established, beyond all doubt, the facts that _several_ manuscript books were found on the Duke of Monmouth when he was captured, and that the volume rescued from oblivion by Dr. Anster, and now placed in the British Museum, is one of these, and also in Monmouth's handwriting. I take this opportunity of saying, that I, unfortunately, have not seen Dr. Anster's reply to my communication; and it is to be regretted that it was not copied from the _Dublin University Magazine_ into "NOTES AND QUERIES," so that we (the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have had the whole subject before us. This is a course which I think our kind Editor may usefully adopt on similar occasions.

Referring unsuccessfully to Lowndes' _Manual_ for an answer to SIR F. MADDEN'S question as to the date of the first edition of Welwood's _Memoirs_, I was pleased, however, to find that my edition (the sixth, published in 1718) possesses a value which does not attach to previous editions, inasmuch as it contains "A short introduction, giving an account how these memoirs came at first to be writ." From this it appears that there are spurious editions of the work, for Welwood writes:

"I have given my bookseller leave to make a sixth impression of
the following memoirs; and the [rather] that some time ago one
Baker printed more than one edition of them without my knowledge,
very incorrect, and on bad paper."

We may fairly assume, that the first edition was published at the beginning of 1699, for [the] "epistle dedicatory" to King William is dated February of that year. If this be so, it must be taken as a proof of extraordinary popularity that the work should have reached a third edition as early as 1700, as stated by SIR F. MADDEN. The "account how these memoirs came at first to be writ" possesses some interest. It appears that Queen Mary used to hold frequent converse with the Doctor on the subject of her great-grandfather's and grandfather's history, and--

"At last she fell to regret the insuperable difficulties she lay
under (for I well remember that was her mind) of knowing truly the
history of her grandfather's reign; saying that most of the
accounts she had read of it were either panegyrick or satire, not
history. Then with an inimitable grace she told me, 'If I would in
a few sheets give her a short sketch of the affairs of that reign,
and of the causes that produced such dreadful effects, she would
take it well of me.' Such commands were too sacred not to be
obeyed; and when I was retiring from her presence, she stopt me to
tell me she expected I would do what she had desired of me in such
a manner, and with that freedom, as if I designed it for the
information of a friend, and not one of the blood of King Charles
I., promising to show it to none living without my consent."

Welwood further states, that after Mary's death, King William--

"Sent me, by the late Earl of Portland, the manuscript I had given
his Queen, found in her cabinet; where, upon the back of it, she
had writ with her own hand the promise she had made me of showing
it to nobody without my consent."

In addition to the extract from Monmouth's _Diary_ given in my former communication, Welwood publishes a letter of the Duke's to the brave and true Argyle, which is perhaps more creditable to Monmouth than any other memorial he has left. The letter, as Welwood suggests, appears to have been written shortly after the death of Charles II. I copy it; but if you think this paper too long, omit it:--

"I received both yours together this morning, and cannot delay you
my answer longer than this post though I am afraid it will not
please you so much as I heartily wish it may. I have weighed all
your reasons, and everything that you and my other friends have
writ me upon that subject; and have done it with the greatest
inclination to follow your advice, and without prejudice. You may
well believe I have had time enough to reflect sufficiently upon
our present state, especially since I came hither. But whatever
way I turn my thoughts, I find insuperable difficulties. Pray do
not think it an effect of melancholy, for that was never my
greatest fault, when I tell you that in these three weeks'
retirement in this place I have not only looked back, but forward;
and the more I consider our present circumstances, I think them
still the more desperate, unless some unforeseen accident fall out
which I cannot divine nor hope for. [Here follow sixteen lines all
in cyphers.] Judge then what we are to expect, in case we should
venture upon any such attempt at this time. It's to me a vain
argument that our enemies are scarce yet well settled, when you
consider that fear in some, and ambition in others, have brought
them to comply; and that the Parliament, being made up, for the
most part, of members that formerly run our enemy down, they will
be ready to make their peace as soon as they can, rather than
hazard themselves upon an uncertain bottom. I give you but hints
of what, if I had time, I would write you at more length. But that
I may not seem obstinate in my own judgment, or neglect the advice
of my friends, I will meet you at the time and place appointed.
But for God sake think in the mean time of the improbabilities
that lie naturally in our way, and let us not by struggling with
our chains make them straighter and heavier. For my part, I'll run
the hazard of being thought anything rather than a rash
inconsiderate man. And to tell you my thoughts without disguise, I
am now so much in love with a retired life, that I am never like
to be fond of making a bustle in the world again. I have much more
to say, but the post cannot stay; and I refer the rest till
meeting, being entirely

"Yours."

Monmouth's ill-concerted and ill-conducted expedition following, at no distant period, the prudent resolutions expressed in the above letter places the instability of his character in a strong light.

C. ROSS.

Replies To Minor Queries.

_Pope's "honest Factor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).-The

"Honest factor who stole a gem away,"

to whom Pope alludes, was Thomas Pitt, Esq., (ancestor of the Earl of Chatham), who was by Queen Anne appointed Governor of Fort St. George in the East Indies, and purchased there for the sum of 20,400_l._, or 48,000 pagodas, a diamond weighing 127 carats, which he sold to the King of France about 1717, and is now known as the Pitt diamond. I suppose it is at present in the possession of the Republic of France.

DE H.

Temple, July 5. 1851.

_Banks Family_ (Vol. iii., pp. 390. 458. 507. 524.).--I am obliged by your inserting my note on this subject. I can inform L. H. that the present owner of the lead mines in Keswick _is related_, though distantly, to John Banks the philosopher, who was born at Grange in Borrowdale. Can any of your correspondents give any reason why the crest of this branch of the family should be exactly similar in every respect to that of the Earl of Lonsdale?

BAY.

_Dies Iræ, Dies Illa_ (Vol. ii p. 72. Vol. iii., p. 468.).--Although some time has elapsed since the Query on this hymn appeared, yet as no very definite reply has been given, I send the following.

This hymn is one of the four "proses" or verses without measure, made use of in the services of the Roman Catholic Church. The invention of these proses is attributed to Nolker, a monk of the Convent of St. Gall, who wrote about the year 880; and who says in his work that he had seen them in a book belonging to the Convent of St. Jumièges, which was destroyed by the Normans in 841. Of the many proses which were composed, the Roman Catholic Church has retained but four, of which the above is one. Who the author really was, is very uncertain; the majority of writers on the subject appear to concur in the opinion that Cardinal Frangipani, a Dominican, otherwise called Malabrancia, a Doctor of Paris, and who died at Pérouse in 1294, was the composer but it has also been assigned to St. Gregory and St. Bernard. Bzovius, an. 1294, states the author to have been either Cardinal Orsino or Cardinal Frangipani, and other writers maintain it to have been the production of Agostino Biella, who died 1491; or of Humbertus, General of the Dominicans. The original consists of fifty-six lines, and may be found in almost every book of Catholic devotion.

R.R.M.

In No. 84, for June 9th, the Roman Catholic hymn "Dies Iræ" is referred to, and works cited as to its author. To these may be added the 39th No. of the _Dublin Review_, where it will be found that Latino Frangipani, nephew of Pope Nicholas III., and known under the name of the Cardinal Malabrancia, was more generally considered the writer. The account there given of it is not uninteresting, and is preceded by a cursory advertence to the other hymns of the Middle Ages, including a Greek version of some of the stanzas of Thomas Aquinas, the "Angelic Doctor's," impressive "Lauda Sion."

J.R.

_Equestrian Statues_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--I should inform Fm. that there is an equestrian statue of the Earl of Hopetown in front of the Royal Bank, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh. The earl, however, is not mounted; he stands beside the horse.

S. WMSON.

_Monumental Symbolism_ (Vol. iii, p. 449.).--I have seen no answer to Reader's inquiry. I have always understood that the kneeling figures were the children who died in the lifetime of their parents (sometimes they are even represented in the swaddling-bands of Chrysom children), while those represented standing survived them. This of course is only when some are represented kneeling and others standing, as in some instances _all_ are kneeling. I believe my supposition is grounded on some better authority than my own fancy, but I cannot refer to any at present.

H.N.E.

Bilton, July 3. 1851.

_Organs in Churches_ (Vol. iii., p. 518.).--R. W. B. will find some information on the subject of _organs_ in Staveley's _History of Churches in England_, pp. 203. 207., a work replete with much interesting matter connected with churches.

E. C. HARINGTON.

Exeter, July 1. 1851.

_Tennyson: "The Princess"_ (Vol. iii., p. 493.).--Does not the passage--

"Dare we dream of that, I asked,
Which wrought us, as the workman and his work
That practice betters"--

simply mean, "Dare we dream of" the God who made us as of a finite creature, who requires "practice" ere His work can be perfect, and whose skill shall be progressive? In short, "dare we" think of Him as such an one as ourselves?

SELEUCUS.

Information on this subject will be found in Hawkins's _History of Music_, vol. i. p. 398. _et seq._; Burney's _History of Music_, vol. ii. p. 131. Busby's _Dictionary of Music_; John Gregory's _Works_ ("Discourse declaring what Time the Nicene Creed began to be Sung in the Church"), and in Staveley's _History of Churches in England_.

T. J.

"_Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love_" (Vol. iv., p. 24.).--

"AN EXPOSTULATION.

"When late I attempted your pity to move,
Why seem'd you so deaf to my prayers?
Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love,
But--Why did you kick me down stairs?"

From _An Asylum for Fugitive Pieces, in Prose and Verse, not in
any other Collection_, vol. i. p. 15. London: Debrett, 1785.

The above has been inquired for: of the author I know nothing.

S. H.

St. Johns Wood.

_Sardonic Smiles_ (Vol. iv., p. 18.).--It is very difficult to strike out the verse in Homer's Odyssey ([Greek: Y], 302.). To suppose that in him the word is derived from Sardinia, is exceedingly improbable, if not, as Payne Knight says, quite absurd because, not only is Sardinia not mentioned in Homer, but his geography, even where half-fabulous, and with other names than the modern ones, does not extend so far west. Payne Knight says the word is derived from [Greek: sardainô], but where such a word is found I cannot learn. There is [Greek: sardazô] in Suidas, "to laugh bitterly," but unluckily the very same words are given as the interpretation of [Greek: sarkazô], and [Greek: sarkazô] is a perfectly established word. _Sarcasm, sarcastic_, are derived from it; and its own derivation from [Greek: sarx] "flesh," seems certain. This makes it highly probable that the first word in Suidas is a mistake for the other. All Greek writers borrowed so much from Homer that the occurrence of the word in them, where obviously meaning Sardinian, seems to prove nothing but that they thought it had that meaning in him.

C. B.

_Epitaph on Voltaire_ (Vol. iii., p. 518.).--The question is asked, "Has the name of the lady of Lausanne, who wrote the epitaph on Voltaire,

'Ci gît l'enfant gâté du monde qu'il gâta,'

been ascertained?" It has; and the lady was Madame la Baronne de Montolieu, who wrote a great variety of novels, of which by far the best, and indeed one of the most interesting in the French language, is her _Caroline de Lichtfield_, first published at Lausanne in 1786, two volumes 8vo. Her family name was de Bottens (Pauline-Isabelle), born at Lausanne in 1751, and there died in December, 1832. Her first husband was Benjamin de Crouzas, son to one of Montesquieu's adversaries, after whose death she married the Baron de Montolieu. It was Gibbon's most intimate friend and literary _collaborateur_, Deyverdun, who published, and indeed corrected, her then anonymous _Caroline de Lichtfield_.

Voltaire's friend and mistress, the learned Madame du Châtelet, had prepared an inscription for his portrait, which may be considered an anticipated epitaph:

"Post-genitis Hic canis erit, nunc canis amicis;"

but one of a very different tenor was written by J. J. Rousseau, we are told by Lord Brougham:

"Plus bel esprit que grand génie,
Sans loi, sans moeurs, et sans vertu;
Il est mort comme il a vécu,
Couvert de gloire et d'infamie."

J. R.

_Voltaire, where situated_ (Vol. iii, pp. 329.433.).--The inquiry, "Where is Voltaire situated?" was answered in a late number, and reference made to the _Essays of an Octogenarian_, a privately-printed work, and therefore not generally accessible; but the subject will be equally found elucidated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for July, 1846, p. 25. No such place ever existed, as there made clear; for it is the simple anagram of his patronymic, Arouet l j (_le jeune_), framed by himself though by Condorcet and other biographers, ignorant of the fact, supposed to be a landed property. Voltaire loved not his paternal name, as will be there found, and gladly changed it. The article embraces various particulars of Voltaire's life, in refutation of Lord Brougham's errors; some of them strange enough, and not inconsiderable in number, so as to excite surprise in so accomplished a person.

J. R.

_Children at a Birth_ (Vol. iii., p. 347.).--See _Quarterly Review_, No. xxix. vol. xv. p. 187., where Southey quotes _Hakewill's Apology_ as authority for an epitaph in Dunstable Church to a woman who had, at three several times, three children at a birth; and five at a birth two other times.

A. C.

_Milkmaids_ (Vol. iii., p. 367.).--

"May 1.--I was looking out of the parlour window this morning, and
receiving the honours which Margery, the milkmaid to our lane, was
doing me, by dancing before my door _with the plate of half her
customers on her head_."--_Tatler_ for May 2, 1710.

R. J. R.

_"Heu quanto minus," &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 21.).--

"Heu quanto minus est cum aliis versari quam tui meminisse,"

is the end of an inscription at the Leasowes "to Miss Dolman, a beautiful and amiable relation of Mr. Shenstone's, who died of the small-pox, about twenty-one years of age," in the following words. On one side:

"Peramabili suæ consobrinæ
M.D."

On the other side:

"Ah Maria
puellarum elegantissima
Ah flore venustatis abrepta
Vale!
Heu quanto minus est," &c.

Shenstone's _Works_, 1764, vol. ii. p. 356.

C. B.

This quotation is Shenstone's "Epitaph on his Sister."

J. O. B., however, has given it incorrectly: it should be--

"Heu quanto minus est cum reliquis versari quam tui meminisse."

Moore has done something towards giving the force of this strikingly concentrated sentence, thus:--

"Tho' many a gifted mind we meet,
Tho' fairest forms we see,
To live with them is far less sweet,
Than to remember thee."

H. E. H.

_The "Passellew" Family_ (Vol. i., p. 319.).--I think there can be little doubt that the "Robert Passellew" of Waltham Abbey, and "John Paslew," the last abbot of Whalley, belong to the same family. A reference to Burke's _General Armory_ proves the armorial bearings to be the same, and also that the family was connected with the county of Durham. The following extract from the _Historical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Account of Kirkstall Abbey_ (Longmans, 1827), will show that a century later the Paslews had obtained a footing in Yorkshire, and had become benefactors of Kirkstall:

"Robert Passelowe, with King Richard II.'s licence, gave one toft,
five acres of land, and an annual rent of 2_s._ 6_d._ in Bramley,
with the reversion of nine messuages, seven oxgangs, and six acres
and a half of land, after the decease of the tenants, ..., all
which premises were valued at £4 2_s._ 6_d._ per annum."--P. 208.

T. T. W.

Burnley, Lancashire.

_Lady Petre's Monument_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.).--"A E I O U." Do not these letters stand for "[Greek: aei ou]"--_non semper_? alluding to the resurrection from the tomb.

J. H. L.

May not the five vowels at the end of the Latin epitaph of Lady Petre's monument mean,

"A Eternæ Ianua Obitus Uitæ?"

F. A.

Hampstead.

_Spenser's Age at his Death_ (Vol. i., p. 481.).--Touching this subject I can state that I am well acquainted with an admirable portrait of the poet, bearing date 1593, in which he is represented as a man of not more than middle age; so that, whether he died in 1596 or 1598, he may be said to have died prematurely--_immaturâ morte obiisse_, as the monument testifies.

VARRO.

_Blessing by the Hand_ (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 509.).--The priest of the Greek church, in blessing with the hand, anciently held it with the thumb crossing the third finger, the first finger being held straight, the second and fourth curved, so as to represent altogether the Greek letters I C X C, the first and last letters of "Jesus Christ." The same letters are impressed on the bread used in their eucharist, the bread being marked with the Greek cross, similar to our cross-buns, with the letters I C and X C in the upper angles of the cross, and the letters N and K in the two lower angles. The N K is the abbreviation of [Greek: nika], and the whole phrase is "Jesus Christ conquers." This church derived the expression from the standard (labarum) of Constantine, [Greek: en toutô nika] = _in hoc signo vinces_. In Goar's notes on the Greek rituals, especially that of Chrysostom's, much information may be obtained on the symbolisms of Christianity.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

_Handel's Occasional Oratorio_ (Vol. iii., p. 426.).--This oratorio doubtless received its name from the special _occasion_ when it was composed, viz. the suppression of the rebellion in 1745. It was published by Tonson in Feb. 1746, at the price of 1_s._, together with various poems, &c. relating to the same important event. The Oratorio is divided into three parts: with the exception of the overture, four of the airs, and two of the choruses, it contains little that can be popular at the present day.

J. H. M.

_Moore's Almanack_ (Vol. iii., pp. 263. 339. 381. 466.).--Francis Moore was not a real personage, but a pseudonyme adopted by the author, Mr. Henry Andrews, who was born at Frieston, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, February 4, 1744, and died at Royston, Herts, January 26, 1820. Andrews was astronomical calculator to the Board of Longitude, and for years corresponded with Maskelyne and other eminent men. A portrait of Andrews is extant; one is in my possession: they are now extremely scarce.

As to the date of the almanack's first appearance I can afford no information; but it can be obtained of Mr. W. H. Andrews, only son of the astronomer, who still resides at Royston, and is in possession of his MSS., consisting of astronomical and astrological calculations, notes of various phenomena, materials for a history of Royston, memoir of his own life, his correspondence, &c.

FRANCIS.

_Kiss the Hare's Foot_ (Vol. iv., p. 21.).--This saying occurs in Browne's _Britannia's Pastorals_:

"'Tis supper time with all, and we had need
Make haste away, unless we mean to speed
With those that kiss the hare's foot. Rheums are bred,
Some say, by going supperless to bed,
And those I love not; therefore cease my rhyme
And put my pipes up till another time."

_Brit. Past._, Book 2., Song. 2.

This quotation may not be of much service as a clue to the discovery of the _origin_ of the saying; but it may be interesting to MR. BREEN as a proof that the saying itself must be considerably more than two hundred years old, the second part of the _Pastorals_ having been first published in 1616.

C. FORBES.

Temple.

_Derivation of the Word "Bummaree" or "Bumaree"_ (Vol. iv., p. 39.).--

"BOMERIE, S. F. [terme de mer, prêt à la grosse aventure] bottomry
or bottomree."--Boyer's _Fr. and Engl. Dict._, ed. London, 1767.

The leading idea in the term _Bomerie_, and its English equivalent, when applied to borrowing money "on a ship's keel," is the hazarding all on a single venture: hence it is not difficult to see its application to other transactions, especially those connected with sea; such as wholesale purchases of fish, in which a large risk is run, with an uncertain prospect of return.

The meaning of the word, if it be really the same, when adopted by confectioners, would probably be assignable either to the shape of the pans, or the use to which they were applied.

I know not whether this is to be classed among the "unsatisfactory" derivations already submitted to your correspondent, but should be glad to hear his opinion on its soundness.

E. A. D.

_Sheridan and Vanbrugh_ (Vol. iv. p. 24.).--Had O. O. consulted the "Life of Sheridan" which precedes Bohn's Collection of the _Dramatic Works of Sheridan_ (which, having the volume in his hand, he ought to have done), he would have seen that it is expressly mentioned (p. 51.) that Sheridan, having become part proprietor of Drury Lane Theatre--

"His first commencement as a manager was not of that brilliant
kind to give any promise of great improvement in the conduct of
the theatre. _An alteration_ of Vanbrugh's play the _Relapse_ was
the first production, under the name of a _Trip to Scarborough_.
It was brought out on February 24, 1777. This was an unfortunate
commencement: neither the public nor the actors were satisfied."

Further, it is printed at the end of Sheridan's _Dramatic Works_, followed by _Pizarro_, printed in smaller type, so as to make them appear like an appendix; and hence it could hardly be expected that any one would think of attributing the _Trip to Scarborough_, altered from Vanbrugh's _Relapse_, to Sheridan, any more than it could be considered as intended to call him the author of _Pizarro_, because he altered Kotzebue's _Spaniards in Peru_, and adapted it to, and had it represented on, the stage.

A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.

"_Felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum_" (Vol. iii., p. 482.).--This line of Plautus is followed by parallel quotations from other writers. To these I may add the French version:

"Heureux celui qui pour devenir sage,
Du mal d'autrui fait son apprentisage."

J. R.

"_Alterius Orbis Papa_" (Vol. iii., p. 497.; Vol. iv., p. 11.).--Fuller, in his _Worthies of England_, edit. London, 1662, "Staffordshire," p. 41., uses this expression, writing, of Cardinal Pole. It is as follows:

"Yet afterwards he (Pole) became '_Alterius Orbis Papa_,' when
made Archbishop of Canterbury by Queen Mary."

J. N. B.

West Bromwich, June 28. 1851.

_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., pp. 37. 60. 126. 482.).--In Fynes Moryson's _Itinerary_, "printed by John Beale, 1617, part iii. booke i. chap. ii. p. 21.," is the following passage:

"In hot regions, to auoide the beames of the sunne, in some places
(as in Italy) they carry Vmbrels, or things like a little canopy,
over their heads; but a learned Physician told me, that the use of
them was dangerous, because they gather the heate into a
pyramidall point, and thence cast it down perpendicularly upon the
head, except they know how to carry them for auoyding that
danger."

C. DE D.

_To learn by Heart, "Apprendre par Coeur"_ (Vol. iii., pp. 425. 483.).--Quitard, a French writer on Proverbs, says,--

"On a regardé le coeur comme le siége de la Mémoire. De là les
mots _recorder_, _se recorder_, _récordance_, _récordation_, en
Latin _recordari_, _recordatio_; de là aussi l'expression
_apprendre par coeur_. Rivarol dit que cette expression, si
ordinaire et si énergique, vient du plaisir que nous prenons à ce
qui nous touche et nous flatte. La mémoire, en effet, est toujours
aux ordres du coeur."

J. M.

Oxford.

"_Suum cuique tribuere_" (Vol. iii. p. 518.).--I beg to refer your correspondent M. D. to Cicero's _De Claris Oratoribus_, which is the nearest parallel passage I can find: viz.

"Erat omnius tum mos, ut in reliquis rebus melior, sic in hoc ipso
humanior: ut faciles essent in _suum cuique tribuendo_."

In a note, an allusion to Justice is made: but my Cicero is a very old edition, and is divided into four tomes. The above is from tome i. p. 305, letter F.

The only other parallel passage is from Liber II., "Ad Herennium," thus:

"_Justitia_ est habitus animi, communi utilitate conservata, _suam
cuique tribuens_ dignitatem."

J. N. C.

King's Lynn, June 28. 1851.

_Frogs in Ireland--Round Towers_ (Vol. iii., pp. 353. 428. 490.).--I must take leave to doubt the fact, mentioned in Vol. iii., p. 490., of the introduction of frogs into Ireland first in the year 1696. They are much too plentiful in the country districts, leaving out their abundance in the county Dublin, to warrant any such supposition. In the Queen's County, particularly, I have seen them in myriads. With regard to those gentlemen who are pleased to import snakes into Ireland, I can only wish them some worthier occupation.

There are two birds, the occurrence of which about Dublin I do not find noticed by naturalists. One is the common skylark, the other is the Royston crow, which, strange to say, is not a migratory visitor, but is found there the whole year round.

Concerning Round Towers, mentioned at pages 353. and 428., I beg to refer W. R. M. to the works of Wilkinson, Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall, and Moore's _History of Ireland_, in addition to Petrie, Keating, &c. When in Galway, in January, 1850, I noticed some remarkable instances of resemblance to Spaniards amongst the peasant women and girls. It was, however, by no means general; but only observable here and there, in a few particular instances. Between Galway and Oughterard I passed a girl walking barefooted along the dirty road, whose features were strikingly beautiful, set off with long raven tresses and large _dark_ eyes, signs apparently of her Spanish origin. The town of Galway is full of interesting memorials of its connexion with Spain, and well repays a visit. Its ancient prosperity will now be probably revived again, and, with its singularly advantageous position, and its future intercourse with America, it cannot fail to rise once more from its ruins and its dirt, unless prevented by the prevalence of political agitation.

WILLIAM E. C. NOURSE.

_Lines on the Temple_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--J. S. will find these lines _in print_, in the "Poetry" of the _Annual Register_ for 1764, vol. vii. p. 247. They are said to have been stuck on the Temple gate.

J. K.

_Killigrew Arms_ (Vol. i., pp. 204. 231. 283.).--A more correct description will be found in Lysons' _Cornwall_: see "Town Seal of Falmouth."

S. H. (2)

_Meaning of Hernshaw_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--In Poulson's _Beverlac; or History of the Antiquities of Beverley in Yorkshire_, pp. 263, 264. et seq., is an account of the expenses of the "Twelve Governors of Beverley on a visit to the Earl of Northumberland at Leconfield Castle." Among the presents made to the Earl (Henry Algernon Percy, fifth earl, born Jan. 1477-8, died 1527) for so distinguished an honour are four heronsewes, heronseu, hornsue, or _hernshaw_, for it is written in all these ways. Was a young heron formerly esteemed a choice delicacy? Chaucer, describing the feast of Cambisscan, says:

"I wol not tellen of hir strange sewes,
Ne hir swannes, ne hir heronsewes."

But even the full-grown bird was not too powerful for the digestive organs in those days: it was termed _viand royal_, and heronries were maintained for the purpose of food, as well as diversion. In the Northumberland Household Book, these birds, with many others, are named as then served up at table, but which are now discarded as little better than carrion.

From _hernshaw_, still further corrupted, arose the proverbial expression introduced by Shakspeare into _Hamlet_,--

"I am but mad north-north-west, when the wind is southerly, I know
a hawk from a _hand-saw_."

G. P.

_Theory of the Earth's Form_ (Vol. iii., pp. 331. 508.).--Do the following passages from the "Version of the Psalms" in the _Book of Common Prayer_ throw any light upon the subject?

"And the foundations of the _round_ world were discovered."--Ps.
xviii. 15.

"The _compass_ of the world, and they that dwell therein."--Ps.
xxiv. 1.

"Thou hast laid the foundation of the _round_ world, and all that
therein is."--Ps. lxxxix. 12.

"He hath made the _round_ world so sure."--Ps. xciii. 2.

"And that it is he who hath made the _round_ world so fast that it
cannot be moved."--Ps. xcvi. 10.

"The _round_ world, and they that dwell therein."--Ps. xcviii. 8.

R. H.

_Coke and Cowper, how pronounced_ (Vol. iv., p. 24.).--_Coke_ is by lawyers generally pronounced like the article which feeds our steam-engines; but the late Earl of Leicester was generally, in Norfolk and elsewhere, called _Cook_. The presumption is, that _Cook_ was the ancient sound given to the word _Coke_. _Cowper_ is a similar instance: I believe it has always been called _Cooper_. In an old electioneering squib by the late Lord John Townshend, _Cowper_ is made to rhyme to _Trooper_. The passage alludes to an old county scandal, and I do not therefore quote it.

J. H. L.

There can be no doubt (as it seems to me) that the poet's name _ought_ to be pronounced according to the spelling. I am enabled to state decidedly that he himself pronounced his name _Cowper_, and _not Cooper_. I venture to think that the same might also be said with respect to Lord Coke's name; _i. e._ that the pronunciation Cook is only a "modern affectation."

R. VINCENT.

_Registry of British Subjects Abroad_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).--All English chaplains on the Continent are licensed to their respective chaplaincies by the Bishop of London, and are within his ecclesiastical jurisdiction. This _may_ have given rise to the notion of which your correspondent speaks.

R. VINCENT.

_Hanging out the Broom at the Mast-heads of Ships to be sold_ (Vol. ii., p. 226.).--In reply to the question of your correspondent W. P., I beg to inform him that the custom originated from that period of our history when the Dutch admiral, Van Tromp, with his fleet appeared on our coasts in hostility against England. The broom was hoisted as indicative of his intention to sweep the ships of England from the sea. To repel this insolence the English admiral hoisted a horse-whip, equally indicative of his intention to chastise the Dutchman. The pennant which the horse-whip symbolised has ever since been the distinguishing mark of English ships of war.

JAMES CORNISH.

_William Godwin_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 478.).--Your correspondents N. and C. H. may find some interesting passages of Godwin's life in his _Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin_: Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1798.

JAMES CORNISH.

_Family of Kyme_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--Bold may find some information which will assist him in a pedigree and account of this family, showing the descent of the manor of South and North Kyme in Lincolnshire, in Creasy's _History of Sleaford and the surrounding Neighbourhood_, p. 274. The barony of Kyme appears to have passed into the female line by the death of William de Kyme without issue in 12 Edward III.

J. P. JUN.

_Plaids and Tartans_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).--

"The belted plaid was the original dress. It is precisely that of
a savage, who, finding a web of cloth he had not skill to frame
into a garment, wrapt one end round his middle, and threw the rest
about his shoulders.... And it is little to the honour of Highland
ingenuity, that although the chiefs wore long pantaloons called
_trews_, the common _gael_ never fell upon any substitute for the
belted plaid, till an English officer, for the benefit of the
labourers who worked under his direction on the military roads,
invented the _fileah beg_, philabeg, or little petticoat, detached
from the plaid, and fastened by a buckle round the waist."

Although the above extract from the _Quarterly Review_, vol. i. p. 186., is not exactly a reply to the Query of A JUROR (Vol. iv., p. 7.), still it may be of some use to him.

I would like also to learn how much of the reviewer's story is founded upon fact, as I confess I am very much inclined to doubt the truth of it _in toto_.

A LOWLANDER.

_Peace Illumination_, 1802 (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--The story referred to by MR. CAMPKIN does not appear to be so apocryphal as he supposes. Southey, who was an eye-witness of the illuminations, gives it as an indisputed fact. His words are:

"We entered the avenue immediately opposite to M. Otto's, and
raising ourselves by the help of a garden wall, overlooked the
crowd, and thus obtained a full and uninterrupted sight of what
thousands and tens of thousands were vainly struggling to see. To
describe it, splendid as it was, is impossible; the whole building
presented a front of light. The inscription was 'Peace and Amity:'
it had been 'Peace and Concord,' but a party of soldiers in the
morning, whose honest patriotism did not regard trifling
differences of orthography, insisted upon it that they were not
_conquered_, and that no Frenchman should say so; and so the word
Amity, which can hardly be regarded as English, was substituted in
its stead."[2]

[Footnote 2: _Letters from England, by Don Manuel Alvarez
Espriella, translated from the Spanish_ (3 vols. 12mo. London,
1807), vol. i. lett. 8. p. 93.]

DOUGLAS ALLPORT.

_Basnet Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--I can perhaps give D. X. some information respecting the ancient family of Basnet, being related to them through my mother.

From papers in our possession, we have always considered ourselves descended from Edward Basnet, the first married Dean of St. Patrick's; and I drew up a pedigree of the family, which is in Berry's _Berkshire_. But the _proofs_ only go as far as Thomas Basnet, of Coventry, born in 1590. Lawrance Basset, otherwise Bassnet, of Bainton, in the fee of the hundred of Hatton, in the parish of Budworth, in the palatine of Chester, living in the 27th of Henry VIII., anno 1536, was descended of a younger house of Sir Philip Basset, knight, &c. of St. Hillane, in the county of Glamorgan. He had Piers Basnet, of Bainton aforesaid, lived in the time of Henry VIII., anno 1547, purchased land in Bainton of Edward Starkie, of Simondston in Lancashire, married Ann, dau. of Robert Eaton, of Over Whitley, first wife, by whom he had two sons, Thomas and Henry. The second wife was dau. of ---- Stretch, of Leigh, had one son Robert, of the city of Chester.

The second son of Lawrance Basset, or Bassnet, was Hugh, of Leigh, living temp. Henry VIII., anno 1543.

The third son was Thomas, temp. Henry VIII., 1539, whose son (we suppose) was Edward Basnet, Dean of St. Patrick's whose grandson was an ensign in General Monk's own regiment, the Coldstream Guards, 1660. He left the regiment in 1665.

In the Egerton Papers, Camden Soc., vol. xii., is this account:

"Amongst those appointed for the Privy Council for the better
government of Ireland, in the year July 1550, was Edward Basnet,
clerk, late Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin."

The arms of the present family are Argent, a cheveron gules, between three helmets, close ppr. Crest: an arm, embowed, in armour, holding a cutlas, all proper.

By applying to Charles Basnett, Esq., No. 3. Brock Street, Bath, D. X. may have a full account of this family.

JULIA R. BOCKETT.

Southcote Lodge, July 17. 1851.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

As we last week called attention to the _Three Treatises by John Wickliffe_ just published by Dr. Todd of Dublin, we may very properly record the sale by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson on Tuesday the 8th of this month of a MS. volume containing twelve treatises (which are all said to be unpublished) written by John Wickliffe and Richard Hampole. The volume, a small 8vo., was of the fourteenth century, with a few leaves supplied by a hand of the sixteenth, and contained "A Tretis on the Ten Heestis (_i.e._ Commandments), A Prologue of the Paternoster, 'Here suen dyverse chapitris excitynge men to hevenli desijr,' the Councell of Christ, Off vertuous pacience, Wickliffe's Chartre of Hevene, The Hors or Armour off Hevene, the Name off Jhesu, The Love of Jhesu, Off verri Mekenes, Off the Effect off Mannes Will, Of Actif Liif and Contemplatif Lyf, The Mirrour of Chastitee." It was purchased by Bumstead of Holborn for 11_l._ The next lot in the same sale was the original manuscript Diary, extending from October, 1675, to September, 1684, of Annesley Earl of Anglesey, Lord Privy Seal in the reign of Charles II., which was purchased by Boone, it is believed on commission for the British Museum, for the sum of 12_l._ 10_s._

The _Athenæum_ of Saturday last publishes some inquiries from Mr. Payne Collier connected with the manuscript play by Anthony Mundy, which forms the subject of SIR F. MADDEN'S interesting, communication in our present number. Mr. Collier is about to edit the drama in question for the Shakspeare Society; and the object of his paper, which well deserves the attention of our readers, is to obtain information respecting two wizards or magicians who figure in it, the one named John a Kent, and the other John a Cumber, who must formerly have been popular heroes, and been recorded in ballads and chapbooks which have now entirely disappeared. We call attention to these inquiries with the view of giving additional publicity to them, and in the hope of procuring from Mr. Collier some Notes respecting these old world heroes, of one of whom, John a Kent, some particulars are to be found, we believe, in Coxe's _Monmouthshire_.

The obituary of the past week contains the name of one of the most distinguished historical writers of the present day, the Rev. Dr. Lingard. An able and zealous champion of the Church of which he was so eminent a member, his tolerant spirit and independent principles show that of Dr. Lingard may be said, what was applied with admirable propriety to his co-religionist, the late learned librarian at Stowe, by Sir James Macintosh, that he was

"True to his faith, but not the slave of Rome."

The sale of M. Donnadieu's valuable collection of Autographs will commence on Tuesday next, and occupy five days. The Catalogue, which has been prepared by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson with their usual care, is itself a very interesting document. Our limits will not of course admit of our specifying a tithe of the curious and valuable articles which are now to be brought to the hammer: but as specimens of the richness of the collection, we will point out a few which are of importance, as illustrative of English history. Lot 165, for instance, is _Charles I.'s Marriage Contract with the Infanta of Spain_, a document of the highest value, but which has not, we believe, as yet been printed either accurately or entirely. Lot 184 is a most interesting letter from _Charles II. to his Sister the Duchess of Orleans_, written from Canterbury the day after he landed at Dover; while Lot 661 is a most pathetic _Letter from the Duke of Monmouth to the Earl of Rochester_, entreating his intercession with James, and written five days before his execution. Lot 254 is _The Original Warrant to the Lord Mayor of London, directing him to proclaim Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, Ireland, and the Dominions thereto belonging_; and Lot 500, a _Warrant of the Privy Council of Lady Jane Gray_, is a document of the highest importance, as proving (what has been doubted) that the Council of Lady Jane Grey did actually perform official acts as a Council. These of course are among the gems of the collection; but in the whole thousand lots there is not one but is of interest.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Sage's (4. Newman's Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields) Miscellaneous List for July, 1851, of Valuable and Interesting Books; T. Kerslake's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of Books lately bought.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

LIFE OF DR. ARNOLD. 2 Vols. 8vo.

RAILWAY MAGAZINE or Journal, 1844 and 1845.

KNIGHT'S SYMBOLICAL LANGUAGE, 1818.

WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.

CLARKSON'S HISTORY OF RICHMOND, 2nd Edition, 4to.

BRITISH POETS. Whittingham's Edition, boards or quires, without the Plates.

BEBELII ECCLESIA ANTE-DILUVIANA, &c. Argent. 4to. 1665.

TYNDALE'S "PARABLE OF THE WICKED MAMMON." Any Edition prior to 1550.

THE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS. Courier's French Translation.

BELL'S SYSTEM OF SURGERY. Vol. I.

THE CHIRURGICAL WORKS OF PERCIVAL POTTS. Vol. I.

BRYANT, DISSERT. ON THE WAR OF TROY. 4to.

---- OBSERV. ON LE CHEVALIER'S PLAIN OF TROY. 4to.

---- MORETT'S VINDIC. OF HOMER. 4to.

BRYDGES, RES LITERARIÆ, BIBL. AND CRITICAL. 3 Vols. 8vo.

BYRES, ETRURIAN ANTIQUITIES, by Howard. Folio.

CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON BOOKS; ANCIENT AND MODERN. 5 Vols. 8vo.

DOMESDAY BOOK. 4 Vols. Folio.

DRUMMOND, HISTORY OF NOBLE BRITISH FAMILIES.

CORONA MISTICA BEATE VIRGINIS MARIE GLORIOSE. Impressa Antewerpie per G. Leeu, 1492.

PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio, Basil. 1522.

BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 8vo. 1705.

ALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S TRADITIONARY TALES OF THE PEASANTRY. 2 Vols. 12mo. Two copies wanted.

Stewart's Philosophy of the Human Mind. 4to. Vol. I.

ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN ITALY.

THE DEMON, &c., by James Hinton. London: J. Mason.

WANDELINI, IV EXERCITATIONES IN PERIODUM ANTE-DILUVIANUM HISTORIÆ SACRÆ VET. TEST. Hafniæ. 4to. 1652.

STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.

The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPÆDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.

AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.

MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.

MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.

JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.

HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.

RUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.

WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.

STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.

OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.

COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. I. 12mo. Lond. 1755.

HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vol. I. II. III. and VII.

D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III.

CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, où l'on traite de la Nécessité, de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des différentes Formes de la Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Télémaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.

The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. Londres, 1721.

SIR THOS. ELYOT, THE GOVERNOUR. 1st Edit. 1531.

BASTWICK (DR. JOS.) SUPPLEMENTUM, &c., 1635.

ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.

MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.

ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.

BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6_s._ per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni.

DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.

[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
_carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

LADY FLORA HASTINGS' BEQUEST. _The communications we have received reiterating Miss Barber's claim to the authorship of this Poem shall appear in our next number._

JARLTZBERG. _Will this correspondent say how we may address a communication to him?_

_The necessity of making up our Paper earlier than usual in consequence of issuing a_ DOUBLE NUMBER _has compelled us to omit two or three Queries, to which, at the special request of the writers, we should otherwise have given immediate insertion. They shall appear next week._

A. G. W. _will find the proverbial saying:_

"Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat,"

_very fully illustrated in_ "NOTES AND QUERIEs," Vol. i., pp. 347. 351. 421. 476.

ÆGROTUS _is thanked. His communication has only been laid aside until we have time to separate the different articles. Our correspondents would greatly oblige us if they would, when writing on several subjects, keep them separate and distinct. Are we at liberty to publish any of the anecdotes contained in Ægrotus' last letter?_

REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Kiss the Hare's Foot--Family of Kyme-Registry of British Subjects Abroad--Coke and Cowper--Dr. Elrington's Edition of Ussher--Dunmore Castle--Bummaree--Notation by Coal-whippers--William Hone--Baronets of Ireland--Dryden and Oldham--Bellarmin's Monstrous Paradox--Book Plates--Thread the Needle--Miss or Mistress--Planets of the Month--Theobald Anguilbert--Heu quanto minus--Peace Illumination--Salting the Dead--Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest--P's and Q's--Nervous--Scandal against Elizabeth--Mosaic--"Rack" in the Tempest--Jonah and the Whale--Gooseberry Fool--Spencer Perceval--Sardonic Smiles._

CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_ T. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should forward copies of our_ PROSPECTUS _to correspondents who would kindly enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist towards increasing our circulation._

_The commencement of a New Volume with our 88th Number affords a favourable opportunity to gentlemen resident in the country to commence the work. The Subscription for the Stamped Edition of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _is ten shillings and twopence for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.

VOL. III., _neatly bound in cloth, and with very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d._ VOLS. I. _and_ II. _may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each._

NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._

_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.

ENGLISH DICTIONARIES.--RICHARDSON'S New Dictionary, 2 vols. 4to., 1836, cloth, 2_l._ 12_s._--Johnson's Dictionary, with Additions by Todd, 4 vols. 4to., 1818, calf, gilt, 4_l._--Junii Etymologicum Anglicanum, Oxon., 1743, folio. calf, 17_s._--Crabb's English Synonyms, 8vo., 1818, bds., 9_s._ 6_d._--Forby's Vocabulary of East Anglia, 2 vols. 8vo., 1830, cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._--Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, 2 vols. 8vo. 1850, cloth 17_s._ 6_d._

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