Chapter C: H. Cooper

Cambridge, July 12. 1851.

To those who are familiar with the _Form of Cury_, edited by Dr. Pegge, no explanation can be necessary for the name of this street, or rather lane. It seems, indeed, strange that any one who calls himself a Cambridge man should have failed to discover that it was the peculiar quarter of the _cooks_ of the town; as we in London have our Poultry named from the _Poulters_ (not _Poulterers_, as now corruptly designated) who there had their shops.

F. S. Q.

The Cambridge senate-house is called "Curia," and therefore it may be supposed that "Petty Cury" means "_parva curia_," from some court-leet or court-baron formerly held there; the town-hall is at the end of it to this day. The only objection to the above is, that in the Caius map of Cambridge, A.D. 1574, now in the British Museum, Petty Curie is a large street even then, whilst neither town-hall nor senate-house exist.

J. EASTWOOD.

Surely there can be little doubt that the name of this street at Cambridge is a corruption from the French "petite écurie." We knew little enough about such matters when I was an undergraduate there; but still, I think, we could have solved this mystery. Might I be permitted to suggest that as the court stables at Versailles were called "les petites écuries," to distinguish them from the king's, which were styled "les grandes écuries," although they exactly resembled them, and contained accommodation for five hundred horses; so the street in question may have contained some of the fellows' stables, which were called "les petites écuries," to distinguish them from the masters'. Should this supposition be correct, it would seem to imply that at one time the French language was not altogether _ignored_ at Cambridge.

H. C.

Workington.

THE WORD "RACK" IN THE "TEMPEST."--THE NEBULAR THEORY.

(Vol. iii., p. 218.; Vol. iv., p. 37.)

MR. HICKSON seems to court opinion as to the justness of his interpretation of _rack_. I therefore express my total and almost indignant dissent from it.

Luckily, neither in the proposition itself, nor in the manner in which it is advocated, is there anything to disturb my previous conviction as to the true meaning of this word (which, in the well-known passage in the _Tempest_, is, beyond all doubt, "haze" or "vapour"), since few things would be more distasteful to me than to encounter any argument really capable of throwing doubt upon the reading of a passage I have long looked upon as one of the most marvellous instances of philosophical depth of thought to be met with, even in Shakspeare,--one of those astonishing speculations, in advance of his age, that now and then drop from him as from the lips of a child inspired,--wherein the grandeur of the sentiment is so out of all proportion to the simplicity and absence of pretension with which it is introduced, that the reader, not less surprised than delighted, is scarcely able to appreciate the full meaning until after long and careful consideration.

It is only lately that the nebular theory of condensation has been advanced, for the purpose of speculating upon the probable formation of planetary bodies. Yet it is a subject that possesses a strange coincidence with this passage of Shakspeare's _Tempest_.

Perhaps the best elucidation I can give of it will be to cite a certain passage in Dr. Nichols' _Architecture of the Heavens_, which happens to bear a rather remarkable, although I believe an accidental, resemblance to Shakspeare's words: _accidental_, because if Dr. Nichols had this passage of the _Tempest_ present to his mind, when writing in a professedly popular and familiar style, he would scarcely have omitted allusion to it, especially as it would have afforded a peculiarly happy illustration of his subject.

I shall now quote both passages, in order that they may be conveniently compared:

"Our revels now are ended--these our actors
As I foretold you, were all spirits, and
Are melted into air--INTO THIN AIR:
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp'd towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all that it inherit--shall dissolve--
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind."

"---- in the laboratory of the chemist matter easily passes
through all conditions, the solid, liquid, and gaseous, as if _in
a sort of phantasmagoria_; and his highest discoveries even now
are pointing to the conclusion, that the bodies which make up the
solid portion of our earth may, simply by the dissolution of
existing combinations, _be ultimately resolved into a permanently
gaseous form_."--Nichols' _Architecture of the Heavens_, p. 147.

Had we no other presumption to lead us to Shakspeare's true meaning but what is afforded by the expression, "into air--thin air," it ought, in my opinion, to be amply sufficient; for no rational person can entertain a doubt that Shakspeare intended the repetition, "thin air," to have reference to the simile that was to follow. The globe itself shall dissolve, and, like this vision, leave not a _rack_ behind! In what was the resemblance to the vision to consist, if not in melting, like it, into _thin_ air? into air unobscured by vapour, rarified from the slightest admixture of rack or cloud.

Shakespeare knew that atmospheric rack is not insubstantial; that it is corporeal like the globe itself, of which it is a part; and that, so long as a particle of it remained, dissolution could not be complete.

And shall we reject this exquisite philosophy--this profundity of thought--to substitute our own mean and common-place ideas?

A. E. B.

Leeds, July 22.

P.S.--Apart from the philosophical beauty of this wonderful passage, there are other aspects in which it may be studied with not less interest.

How true is the poetical image of the _rack_ as the last object of dissipation! the expiring evidence of combustion! the lingering cloudiness of solution!

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Pseudo MSS._--_The Devil, Cromwell and his Amours._--It is too bad! In Vol. iii., p. 282., there is a good page and a half taken up with a verbatim extract from Echard, which has either been alluded to or quoted by every writer on Cromwell from Echard's time down to a few months ago, when it appeared in _Chambers's Papers for the People_, No. 11. Again, in Vol. iv., p. 19., there is another page and a half relating to Cromwell, which, I fearlessly assert, I have seen frequently in print, but cannot at present tell where; and more important avocations forbid me to search. As if that was not enough, in Vol. iv., p. 50. there is another half page respecting the preservation of these _precious MSS._! Is it not too bad? Do, worthy Mr. Editor, make the _amende honorable_ by publishing the true characters of the MSS. forwarded by S. H. H., which you have so inadvertently published as original.

W. PINKERTON.

[Our correspondent seems to doubt that the communications to which
he refers were really printed from contemporary MSS. The Editor is
able to vouch for that having been certainly the fact. They are
not printed from transcripts from Echard, but from real MSS. of
the time of Charles II., or thereabouts; while the fact of these
early transcripts having been printed surely does not furnish any
argument against the valuable suggestion of S. H. H. as to the
preservation of similar documents for the use of the public, and
in the manner pointed out in his communication.--ED.]

_Anonymous Ravennas_ (Vol. i., pp. 124. 220. 368.; Vol. iii., p. 462.).--Your correspondents have neglected to observe that this author's Chorography of Britain was published by Gale, "ad calcem Antonini Iter Britanniarum," viz., _Britanniæ Chorographia cum Autographo Regis Galliæ Ms'o. et Codice Vaticano collata; Adjiciuntur conjecturæ plurimæ cum nominibus locorum Anglicis, quotquot iis assignari potuerint_: Londini, 1709, 4to.

A copy of the edition of _Anonymi Ravennatis Geographiæ Libri Quinque_ (of the last of which the Chorography of Britain forms a part) noticed by J. I. (Vol. i., p. 220.) is now before me; as also a later edition, published by the editor's son, Abram Gronovius: Lugduni Batavorum, 1722, 8vo.

Horsley's _Britannia Romana_, book iii. chap. iv., contains "1. Some account of this author and his work; 2. The Latin text of this writer[2]; 3. Remarks upon many of the places mentioned by him, and more particularly of such as seem to be the same with the stations per lineam valli in the Notitia." His remarks are diametrically opposite to the conjectures of Camden and Gale.

[Footnote 2: The Chorography from Gale's edition.]

T. J.

_Margaret Maultasch_ (Vol. iv., p. 56.).--Your correspondent who inquires where he can meet with the particulars of the life of Margaret, surnamed _Maultasch_, Countess of Tyrol, will find them in the Supplement of the _Biographie Universelle_, vol. lxxiii. p. 136.

The great heiress in question, though a monster of ugliness, was twice married: first to John Henry, son of Wenceslaus, King of Bohemia (1331), from whom she procured a divorce on the plea of his incapacity; and, secondly (1341), to Louis of Bavaria, eldest son of the Emperor Louis IV., by whom she had a son, Mainard, who died without issue during his mother's lifetime.

I know not upon what authority rest the imputed irregularities of her life, but her biographer, in the article above mentioned, casts no such slur upon her character. Nor can I discover that the armorial bearings of the town of Halle, in Tyrol, have any such significant meaning as has been hinted at. They are to be found in Matthew Merian's _Topographia Provinciarum Austriacarum_, printed at Frankfort on the Maine in 1649, engraved on the view of Halle, at p. 139., and appear to be _a cask or barrel, supported by two lions_. There is _no_ statue of Margaret Maultasch among those which surround the mausoleum of Emperor _Maximilian_ (not _Matthias_) in the Franciscan church at Inspruck; but her ludicrously hideous features may be found amongst the historical portraits engraved in the magnificent work descriptive of the Museum of Versailles, published a few years ago at Paris, under the auspices of King Louis Philippe.

W. S.

Denton, July 28.

_Pope's Translations or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p. 230.; Vol. iv., p. 58.).--Is your correspondent C. correct in attributing _A true Character of Mr. Pope and his Writings, in a Letter to a Friend_, printed for Popping, 1716, to Oldmixon? In the Testimonies of Authors, prefixed to the _Dunciad_, and the Appendix, and throughout the Notes, Dennis is uniformly quoted and attacked as the author. Oldmixon's feud with Pope was hardly, I think, so early.

Assuming your correspondent's quotation from the pamphlet to be correct, the terms made use of will surely refer to Pope's _Imitation of Horace_ (S. ii. L. i.), a fragment of which was published by Curll about this time (1716). It was afterwards republished in folio about 1734, printed for J. Boreman, under the title of _Sober Advice from Horace to the young Gentlemen about Town_, but in an enlarged state, and with some of the initials altered, and several new adaptations. Mrs. Oldfield and Lady Mary are not introduced in the first edition. I have both, but at present can only refer to the second one in folio. From this the _Imitation_ was transferred to the Supplement to Pope's Works, published by Cooper: London, 1757, 12mo., and from thence to the Supplementary Volumes to the later editions. The publication of it formed an article of impeachment against Dr. Jos. Warton, by the author of the _Pursuits of Literature_, as all who have read that satire will well remember.

JAS. CROSSLEY.

_Brother Jonathan_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--The origin of this term, as applied to the United States, is given in a recent number of the _Norwich Courier_. The editor says it was communicated by a gentleman now upwards of eighty years of age, who was an active participator in the scenes of the revolution. The story is as follows:

"When General Washington, after being appointed commander of the
army of the revolutionary war, came to Massachusetts to organize
it, and make preparations for the defence of the country, he found
a great want of ammunition and other means necessary to meet the
powerful foe he had to contend with, and great difficulty to
obtain them. If attacked in such condition, the cause at once
might be hopeless. On one occasion at that anxious period a
consultation of the officers and others was had, when it seemed no
way could be devised to make such preparations as were necessary.
His Excellency Jonathan Trumbull the elder was then governor of
the State of Connecticut, on whose judgment and aid the general
placed the greatest reliance, and remarked, 'We must consult
Brother Jonathan on the subject.' The general did so, and the
governor was successful in supplying many of the wants of the
army. When difficulties afterwards arose, and the army was spread
over the country, it became a by-word, 'We _must consult_ Brother
Jonathan.' The term Yankee is still applied to a portion, but
'Brother Jonathan' has now become a designation of the whole
country, as John Bull has for England."--_Dictionary of
Americanisms_, by John Russell Bartlett, 1849.

H. J.

_Cromwell's Grants of Land in Monaghan_ (Vol. iv., p. 87.).--E. A. asks whether there are any grants of land in the county of Monaghan recorded as made by Cromwell, and where such records are preserved? I fear I can give but a negative answer to the question: but among the stores of the State Paper Office are many books of orders, letters, &c. during the Commonwealth. Among them are two bundles dated in 1653, which relate to the lands granted by lot, to the adventurers who had advanced money for the army, in the different provinces of Ireland. Monaghan is not mentioned.

SPEC.

_Stanedge Pole_ (Vol. iii., p. 391.).--In answer to your correspondent A. N., I beg to state that Stanedge Pole is between six and seven miles from Sheffield, on the boundary line between Yorkshire and Derbyshire, on a long causeway which was in former times the road from Yorkshire to Manchester. Its only antiquity consists in having been for centuries one of the meers marking the boundaries of Hallamshire. In Harrison's _Survey of the Manor of Sheffield_, 1637, appears an account of the boundaries as viewed and seen the 6th of August, 1574, from which the following is an extract:--

"Item. From the said Hurkling Edge so forward after the Rock to
Stannedge, which is a meer between the said Lordshipps (of
Hallamshire and Hathersedge).

"Item. From Stannedge after the same rock to a place called the
Broad Rake, which is also a meer between the said Lordshipps of
Hallamshire and Hathersedge."

The situation is a very fine one, commanding a very beautiful and extensive view of the surrounding country.[3]

[Footnote 3: Its elevation is, according to the Ordnance Survey,
1463 feet.]

H. J.

Stanedge.

_Baskerville the Printer_ (Vol. iv., p. 40.).--Baskerville was interred in the grounds attached to the house in which he lived, near Easy Row, Birmingham. The land becoming valuable for building purposes, he was, after lying there about half a century, disinterred and removed to the workshop of a lead merchant, named Marston, in Monmouth Street, Birmingham. While there I saw his remains. They were in a wooden coffin, which was enclosed in one of lead. How long they had been above ground I do not know, but certainly not long. This, as far as I can recollect, is about twenty-five years since. The person who showed me the body, and who was either one of the Marstons or a manager of the business, told me he had seen the coffins opened, and that the features were then perfect. When exhibited to me the nose and lips were gone, as were also two front teeth, which had been torn from the mouth surreptitiously and taken away. I understood that it was known who had them, and that they would be restored. The shroud was discoloured, I presume from natural causes, being of a dirty yellow colour, as though it had been drawn through a clay pit. The texture and strength of the cloth remained unaffected. Baskerville entertained peculiar opinions on religious subjects. There was a rumour of some efforts having been made to deposit his remains in one of the church burial grounds, but they were not successful. A year or two ago, while in Birmingham, a snuff-box was shown me, on the lid of which a portrait of Baskerville was painted, which fully agreed with a description of his person given me many years previously by one who had known him. This portrait had not, from its appearance, been painted very long. From its being there I infer that there is in existence at least one original portrait of this eminent printer.

ST. JOHNS.

_Inscription on a Claymore_ (Vol. iv., p. 59.).--Is your correspondent "T. M. W., Liverpool," who inquires the translation of an "inscription on a claymore," certain that his quotation is correct? To me it appears that it should run thus:

[x] GOTT BEWAR DE
[x] _G_ERECHTE SCHOTTEN.

or, "God preserve the righteous (or just) Scots;" referring, no doubt, to the undertaking in which they were then engaged.

I believe that formerly, and probably at the present time, many of the finest sword blades were made abroad, and sent to England to be mounted, or even entirely finished on the Continent. I have in my possession a heavy trooper's sword, bearing the name of a celebrated German maker, although the ornaments and devices are unquestionably English. Another way of accounting for the inscription is, that it belonged to some of those foreign adventurers who are known to have joined Charles Edward.

W. SHIRLEY.

_Burton Family_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.).--In Hunter's _History of Hallamshire_, p. 236., is a pedigree of Burton of Royds Mill, near Sheffield, in which are the following remarks:--

"Richard Burton of Tutbury, Staffordshire, died May 9th, 8 Henry
V. Married Maud, sister of Robert Gibson of Tutbury; and had a
son, Sir William Burton of Falde and Tutbury, Knight; slain at
Towtonfield, 1461, from whom descended the Burtons of Lindley."

"Thomas Burton of Fanshawgate, who died in 1643, left three sons;
Michael, Thomas, and Francis. Michael was of Mosborough, and had a
numerous issue; the names of his children appear on his monumental
brass in the chancel of the church at Eckington. Thomas, the
second son, was of London and Putney, married, and had issue.
Francis, the youngest, was lord of the Manor of Dronfield, and
served the office of High Sheriff of Derby in 1669. Was buried at
Dronfield in 1687."

I find no account of any Roger Burton; but if your correspondent E. H. A. is not in possession of the above pedigree, and should wish for a copy, I shall be glad to send him it.

JOHN ALGOR.

Eldon Street, Sheffield.

_Notation by Coalwhippers_ (Vol. iv., p. 21.).--The notation used by coalwhippers, &c., mentioned by I. J. C., is, after all, I expect, but a part of a system which was probably the origin of the Roman notation. The first four strokes or units were cut diagonally by the fifth, and taking the first and last of these strokes we readily obtain V, or the Roman five; but as the natural systems of arithmetic are decimal, from the number of fingers, it is most probable that the _tens_ were thus marked off, or by a stroke drawn across the last unit thus X, whence we obtain the Roman ten: these tens were repeated up to a hundred, or the second class of tens, which were probably connected by two parallel lines top and bottom [C], which would be the sign of the second class of tens, or hundreds; this became afterwards rounded into C: the third class of tens, or thousands, was represented by four strokes M, and these symbols served by abbreviation for some intermediate numbers; thus X divided became V, or 5, the half of 10; then L, half of [C], represented 50, half of 100; and M becoming rounded thus (M) was frequently expressed in this manner CI*C; and this became abbreviated into D, 500, half of CI*C; or 1000: and thus, by variously combining these six symbols (though all derived from the one straight stroke), numbers to a very high amount could be expressed.

THOS. LAWRENCE.

Ashby de la Zouch.

_Statue of Charles II._ (Vol. iv., p. 40.).--The following passage is from Hughson's _History of London_, vol. ii. p. 521.:

"Among the adherents and sufferers in the cause of Charles II. was
Sir Robert Viner, alderman of London. After the Restoration the
worthy alderman, willing to show his loyalty and prudence, raised
in this place [_i. e._ the Stock's Market] the statue above
mentioned. The figure had been carved originally for John
Sobieski, king of Poland, but by some accident was left upon the
workman's hands. Finding the work ready carved to his hands, Sir
Robert thought that, with some alteration, what was intended for a
king of Poland might suit the monarch of Great Britain; he
therefore converted the Polander into an Englishman, and the Turk
underneath his horse into Oliver Cromwell; the turban on the last
figure being an undeniable proof of the truth attached to the
story. The compliment was so ridiculous and absurd, that no one
who beheld it could avoid reflecting on the taste of those who had
set it up; but as its history developed the farce improved, and
what was before esteemed contemptible, proved in the end
entertaining. The poor mutilated figure stood neglected some years
since among the rubbish in the purlieus of Guildhall; and in 1779,
it was bestowed by the common council on Robert Viner, Esq., who
removed it to grace his country seat."

The earliest engraving of "the King at the Stock's Market" may be seen in Thomas Delaune's _Present State of London_, 12mo. 1681.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

_Serius, where situated?_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--The Serius, now Serio, rises in the chain of mountains in the south of the Valteline, between the lakes Como and Ixo: it flows through a valley called the Val Seria, passes near Bergamo and Cremona, and falls into the Adda a little before that river joins the Po.

J. M. (4)

_Corpse passing makes a Right of Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 507. 519.).--Some time ago, I buried in our churchyard a person from an adjoining parish; but, instead of taking a pathway which led directly from the house of the deceased to the church, they kept to the high-road,--so going four miles instead of one. When I asked the reason, I was told that the pathway was not a _lich-road_, and therefore it was not lawful to bring a corpse along it.

J. M. (4)

_The Petworth Register_ (Vol. iii., p. 510.; Vol. iv., p. 27.).--Your correspondents LLEWELLYN and J. S. B. do not appear to be acquainted with Heylyn's quotations from the book thus designated. In one place (p. 63., folio; vol. i. p. 132., 8vo.) he refers to it for a statement--

"That many at this time [A.D. 1548] affirmed the most blessed
Sacrament of the altar to be of little regard," &c.

And in another place (p. 65., folio; vol. i. p. 136., 8vo.), he gives an extract relating to Day, Bishop of Chichester:--

"Sed Ricardus Cicestrensis, (ut ipse mihi dixit) non subscripsit."

Hence the _Register_ would seem to have been a sort of chronicle, kept by the rector of Petworth; and it does not appear whether it was or was not in the same volume with the register of births, marriages, and deaths. In the latter case, it may possibly be still in the Petworth parish chest; for the returns to which your correspondents refer, would probably not have mentioned any other registers than those of which the law takes cognizance. On the other hand, if the chronicle was attached to the register of births, &c., it may have shared the too common fate of early registers; for, when an order of 1597 directed the clergy to transcribe on parchment the entries made in the proper registers since the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, they seem to have generally interpreted it as a permission to make away with the older registers, although there _are_ cases in which the proper books are still preserved. (I am myself acquainted with two in this neighbourhood; and J. S. B., if I am right in identifying him with the author of the very curious and valuable _History of Parish Registers_, can no doubt mention many others.) But how did Heylyn, who collected most of his materials about 1638, get hold of the book?

J. C. ROBERTSON.

Bekesbourne.

_Holland's "Monumenta Sepulchralia Ecclesiæ S. Pauli"_ (Vol. ii., p. 265.; Vol. iii., p. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 62.).--Sir Egerton Brydges, in his _Censura Literaria_, vol. i. p. 305., attributes this work to _Henry_ Holland. In his notice of _Heroologia Anglica_, he says:

"The author was Henry Holland, son of Philemon Holland, a
physician and schoolmaster at Coventry, and the well-known
translator of Camden, &c. Henry was born at Coventry, and
travelled with John, Lord Harrington, into the Palatinate in 1613,
and collected and wrote (besides the _Heroologia_) _Monumenta
Sepulchralia Ecclesiæ S. Pauli, Lond._, 4to.; and engraved and
published _A Book of Kings, being a true and lively effigies of
all our English Kings from the Conquest till this present_, &c.,
1618. He was not educated either in Oxford or Cambridge; having
been a member of the society of Stationers in London. I think it
is most probable that he was brother to Abraham Holland, who
subscribes his name as 'Abr. Holland alumnus S. S. Trin. Coll.
Cantabr.' to some copies of Latin verses on the death of John,
second Lord Harrington, of Exton, in the _Heroologia_; which
Abraham was the author of a poem called _Naumachia, or Holland's
Sea-Fight_, Lond. 1622, and died Feb. 18, 1625, when his
_Posthuma_ were edited by 'his brother H. Holland.' At this time,
however, there were other writers of the name of Hen.
Holland.--(See Wood's _Athenæ_, i. 499.)"

J. Y.

Hoxton.

_Mistake as to an Eclipse_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--From your correspondent's mention of it, I should have supposed Casaubon meant that the astronomers had been mistaken in the _calculation_ of an eclipse. But the matter is of another kind. In the _lunar_ eclipse of April 3, 1605, two _observers_, Wendelinus and Lansberg, in different longitudes, made the eclipse end at times far more different than their difference of longitudes would explain. The ending of a lunar eclipse, observed with the unassisted eye, is a very indefinite phenomenon.

The allusion to this, made by Meric Casaubon, is only what the French call a _plat de son métier_. He was an upholder of the ancients in philosophy, and his bias would be to depreciate modern successes, and magnify modern failures. When he talks of the astronomer being "deceived in the hour," he probably uses the word _hour_ for _time_, as done in French and old English.

M.

"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_" (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--D. Q. is referred to Montaigne, who is the author of the passage; but not having access to his works, I am not able to give a paginal reference.

H. T. E.

Clyst St. George.

_Davies' History of Magnetical Discovery_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--The _History, &c._, by T. S. Davies, is in the _British Annual_ for 1837, published by Baillière.

M.

_Marriage of Bishops_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--A. B. C. will find his questions fully answered in Henry Wharton's tract, entitled _A Treatise of the Celibacy of the Clergy, wherein its Rise and Progress are historically considered_, 1688, 4to. pp. 168. There is also another treatise on the same subject, entitled _An Answer to a Discourse concerning the Celibacy of the Clergy_, by E. Tully, 1687, in reply to Abraham Woodhead.

E. C. HARRINGTON.

The Close, Exeter, July 28. 1851.

"_The Right divine of Kings to govern wrong_" (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--The same idea as that conveyed in this line is frequently expressed, though not in precisely the same words, in Defoe's _Jure Divino_, a poem which contains many vigorous and spirited passages; but I do not believe that Pope gave the line as a quotation at all, or that it is other, as far as he is concerned, than original. The inverted commas merely denote that this line is the termination of the goddess's speech. The punctuation is not very correct in any of the editions of the _Dunciad_; and sometimes inverted commas occur at the end of the last line of a speech, and sometimes both at the beginning and end of the line.

JAMES CROSSLEY.

_Equestrian Statues_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--In reply to F. M.'s Query respecting the Duke of Wellington's statue being the only equestrian one erected to a subject in her Majesty's dominions, I may mention that there is one erected in Cavendish Square to William Duke of Cumberland, who, though of the blood royal, was yet a subject.

D. K.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

When Mr. Murray commenced that admirable series of _Guides_ which form the indispensable companion of those restless spirits who delight with each recurring summer--

"To waft their _size to_ Indus or the Pole,"

he first sent his Schoolmaster abroad; with what success those who have examined, used, and trusted to his _Continental Handbooks_ best can tell. Whether Mr. Murray is now actuated by a spirit of patriotism, or of moral responsibility under the remembrance that "charity begins at home," we neither know nor care; since our "home-staying" friends, as well as all who visit us, will benefit by the new direction which his energy has taken. Among the first fruits of this we have Murray's _Handbook for Modern London_, which did not need the name of our valued contributor MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM at the foot of its preliminary advertisement to show the mint in which it was coined; for it is in every page marked with the same characteristics, the same laborious research--the same scrupulous exactness--the same clear and distinct arrangements, which won such deserved praise for that gentleman's _Handbook for London, Past and Present_. Any visitor to London, be he mere sight-seer or be he artist, architect, statist, &c., will find in this neatly printed volume the most satisfactory replies to his inquiries.

_The Handbook to the Antiquities in the British Museum, being a Description of the Remains of Greek, Assyrian, Egyptian and Etruscan Art, preserved there_, by W. S. W. Vaux, _Assistant in the Department of Antiquities_, has been compiled for the purpose of laying before the public the contents of one department of the British Museum--that of antiquities--in a compendious and popular form. The attempt has been most successful. Mr. Vaux has not only the advantage of official position, but of great practical knowledge of the subject, and abundant scholarship to do it justice; and the consequence is, that his _Handbook to the Antiquities in the British Museum_ will be found not only most useful for the special object for which it has been written, but a valuable introduction to the study of Early Art.

There are probably no objects in the Great Exhibition which have attracted more general attention than the Stuffed Animals exhibited by Herrmann Ploucquet, of Stuttgart. Prince and peasant, old and young, the pale-faced student deep in Goethe and Kaulbach, and the hard-handed agriculturist who picked up his knowledge of nature and natural history while plying his daily task,--have all gazed with delight on the productions of this accomplished artist. That many of these admirers will be grateful to Mr. Bogue for having had daguerreotypes of some of the principal of these masterpieces taken by M. Claudet, and engravings made from them on wood as faithfully as possible, we cannot doubt: and to all such we heartily recommend _The Comical Creatures from Wurtemburg; including the Story of Reynard the Fox, with Twenty Illustrations_. The letter-press by which the plates are accompanied is written in a right Reynardine spirit; and whether as a memorial of the Exhibition--of the peculiar talent of the artist--or as a gift book for children--this pretty volume deserves to be widely circulated.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--Neander's _General History of the Christian Religion and Church_, vol. iv., is the new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_; and it speaks very emphatically for the demand for cheap editions of works of learning and research that it can answer Mr. Bohn's purpose to issue a translation of such a book as this by the great ecclesiastical historian of Germany in its present form.

_The Stone Mason of Saint Pont, a Village Tale from the French of De Lamartine_, a new volume of Bohn's cheap series, is a tale well calculated to stir the sympathy of the reader, and to waken in him thoughts too deep for tears. It must prove one of the most popular among the works of imagination included in the series; as its companion volume, _Monk's Contemporaries, Biographic Studies of the English Revolution, by M. Guizot_, must take a high place among the historical works. M. Guizot describes his Sketches as "constituting, together with Monk, a sort of gallery of portraits, in which persons of the most different character appear in juxtaposition;" and a most interesting study they make--not the less, perhaps, because, as the author candidly avows, "in spite of the great diversity of manners, contemporary comparisons and applications will present themselves at every step, however careful we may be not to seek them."

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--W. Dearden's (Carlton Street, Nottingham) Catalogue Part I. of Important Standard and Valuable Books; J. Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue Part 125., No. 6. for 1851, of Old and New Books; Joseph Lilly's (7. Pall Mall) Catalogue of a very Valuable Collection of Fine and Useful Books; F. Butsch's, at Augsburg, Catalogue (which may be had of D. Nutt, 270. Strand) of a Choice and Valuable Collection of Rare and Curious Books; Edward Tyson's (55. Great Bridgewater Street, Manchester) Catalogue, No. 1. of 1851, of Books on Sale.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

BRITISH ESSAYISTS, by Chalmers. 45 Vols. Johnson and Co. Vols. VI. VII. VIII. IX. and XXIII.

KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Part XXV.

BUDDEN'S LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP MORTON, 1607.

THOMAS LYTE'S ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. 12mo. 1827.

DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.

REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS; or, Remarks on his Account of Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke Lillingston, 1704.

GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Vol. I. 1731.

NEW ENGLAND JUDGED, NOT BY MAN'S BUT BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD, &c. By George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end.

REASON AND JUDGMENT, OR SPECIAL REMARQUES OF THE LIFE OF THE RENOWNED DR. SANDERSON, LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from p. 90. to the end.

TRISTRAM SHANDY. 12mo. Tenth Edition. Wanted Vol. VII.

MALLAY, ESSAI SUR LES EGLISES ROMAINES ET BYZANTINES DU PUY DE DOME. 1 Vol. folio. 51 Plates.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE REMAINS OF THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS, to which is added a Discourse thereon, as connected with the Mystic Theology of the Ancients. London, 1786. 4to. By R. Payne Knight.

CH. THILLON'S (Professor of Halle) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES, AUGMENTÉ, &c. Leipsic, 1832.

SOCIAL STATICS, by Herbert Spencer. 8vo.

THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. The back numbers.

THE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS, translated by _Amyot_ (French).

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. The part of the 7th edition edited by Prof. Napier, containing the Art. MORTALITY.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON HEALTH AND MORTALITY, by Arthur S. Thomson, M.D. (A Prize Thesis.)

REPORT ON THE BENGAL MILITARY FUND, by F. G. P. Neison. Published in 1849.

THREE REPORTS, by Mr. Griffith Davies, Actuary to the _Guardian_, viz.:

Report on the Bombay Civil Fund, published 1836.

---- Bengal Medical Retiring Fund, published 1839.

---- Bengal Military Fund, published 1844.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORTALITY AND PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN, by Mr. Roberton, Surgeon, London, 1827.

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_carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
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Notices To Correspondents.

E. PEACOCK, Jun. _We have never heard of any magazine or newspaper on the plan of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _published in America._

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JERDAN TESTIMONIAL.

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INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT LOCAL, HISTORICAL, and other MSS. and AUTOGRAPHS, ORIGINAL DRAWINGS by ANCIENT and MODERN ARTISTS, all warranted Genuine, BOOKS, TRACTS, PORTRAITS, a few Tokens in Copper of a local interest, &c. &c., some remarkably curious, and of an early date. A Catalogue of the whole preparing, and will be sent, on application (enclosing two stamps), by C. HAMILTON, 22. ANDERSON'S BUILDINGS, CITY ROAD. Similar Collections purchased or exchanged.

KING ÆLFRED.

Just published, price 6_s._; or 6_s._ 6_d._ post free,

KOENIG ÆLFRED UND SEINE STELLE _in der Geschichte Englands_, von
DR. REINHOLD PAULI.

The work of a scholar long resident in England, who has studied
the sources at Oxford and elsewhere. The book is dedicated to
Chevalier Bunsen.

WILLIAMS and NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.

THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK.

THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J. J. A. WORSAAE, Member
of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and
applied to the illustration of similar Remains in England, by
WILLIAM J. THOMS, F. S. A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With
numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10_s._ 6_d._

"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is
its arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject
illustrated by well-executed engravings.... It is the joint
production of two men who have already distinguished themselves as
authors and antiquarians."--_Morning Herald._

"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book
is in all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms
has executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and
has appended many curious and interesting notes and observations
of his own."--_Guardian._

"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our
readers, is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly
interesting and important work."--_Archæological Journal._

See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850.

Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London.

Just published, with Twelve Engravings, and Seven Woodcuts, royal 8vo. 10_s._, cloth.

THE SEVEN PERIODS OF ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE DEFINED AND ILLUSTRATED.
An Elementary Work, affording at a single glance a comprehensive
view of the History of English Architecture, from the Heptarchy to
the Reformation. By EDMUND SHARPE, M.A., Architect.

"Mr. Sharpe's reasons for advocating changes in the nomenclature
of Rickman are worthy of attention, coming from an author who has
entered very deeply into the analysis of Gothic architecture, and
who has, in his 'Architectural Parallels,' followed a method of
demonstration which has the highest possible
value."--_Architectural Quarterly Review._

"The author of one of the noblest architectural works of modern
times. His 'Architectural Parallels' are worthy of the best days
of art, and show care and knowledge of no common kind. All his
lesser works have been marked in their degree by the same careful
and honest spirit. His attempt to discriminate our architecture
into periods and assign to it a new nomenclature, is therefore
entitled to considerable respect."--_Guardian._

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

2 vols., sold separately, 8_s._ each.

SERMONS. By the Rev. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., Vicar of Ecclesfield.

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sixteen yours. For my own credit's sake I must add, that all the
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stranger to the Author._

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

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Now ready, Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by Special Permission to

THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
Order for that amount; and, by order, of the principal Booksellers
and Music Warehouses.

"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._

"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
country."--_Literary Gazette._

"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
merits the distinguished patronage under which it
appears."--_Musical World._

"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
appeared."--_John Bull._

Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._