Chapter C: H. Cooper

Cambridge, Sept. 6. 1851.

_Domesday Book of Scotland_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).--Your correspondent ABERDONIENSIS is informed that what he is in quest of was published by the "Bannatyne Club," under the name of the "Ragman Rolls," in 1834, 4to. It is entitled, _Instrumenta Publica sive Processus super Fidelitatibus et Homagiis Scotorum Domino Regi Angliæ factis_, A.D. M.CC.XCI.--M.CC.XCVI.

"The documents contained in this volume have not been selected in
the view of reviving or illustrating the ancient National
Controversy as to the feudal dependence of Scotland on the English
Crown. It has been long known that in these Records may be found
the largest and most authentic enumerations now extant of the
Nobility, Barons, Landholders and Burgesses, as well as of the
Clergy of Scotland, prior to the fourteenth century. No part of
the public Records of Scotland prior to that era has been
preserved, and whatever may have been their fate, certain it is,
that to these English Records of our temporary national
degradation, are we now indebted for the only genuine Statistical
Notices of the Kingdom towards the close of the thirteenth
century."

[Star symbol] "This singular document, so often quoted and
referred to, was never printed _in extenso_."

T. G. S.

Edinburgh.

_Dole-bank_ (Vol. iv., p. 162.).--In processions on Holy Thursday, it was usual to _deal_ cakes and bread to the children and the poor of the parish at boundary-banks, that they might be duly remembered. Hence the name.

R. S. H.

Morwenstow.

_The Letter "V"_ (Vol. iv., p. 164.).--If S. S. will turn again to my remarks on this letter, he will see that I did not state that _Tiverton_ was ever pronounced _Terton_. I accede to what he has said of _Twiverton_; Devonshire was inadvertently written for Somersetshire. With regard to the observations of A. N. (p. 162.), he will find those remarks were confined to the _v_ between two vowels, _i.e._ without any other consonant intervening; and, therefore, other forms of contraction did not fall within the scope of them. I refrained from adverting to any such words as Elvedon and Kelvedon (pronounced respectively Eldon and Keldon), because the abbreviation of these may be referable to another cause. In passing I would mention that I think there can be no reasonable doubt that the word _dool_, about which he inquires, is no other than the Ang.-Sax. _d[=a]l_, a division, from _daelan_, to divide; and whence our words _deal_ and _dole_. But to return to the letter _v_, if MR. SINGER be correct as to _devenisch_ in the MS. of the _Hermit of Hampole_ being written for Danish (p. 159.), it seems an example of the peculiar use of this letter to which I have invited attention, for the writer hardly intended it to be pronounced as three syllables if he meant Danish. However, if that MS. be a transcript, may not the supposed _v_ have been originally an _n_, which was first mis-read _u_, and then copied as a _v_?

W. S. W.

_Cardinal Wolsey_ (Vol. iv., p. 176.).--The following anecdote, taken from a common-place book of Sir Roger Wilbraham, who was Master of the Requests in the time of Queen Elizabeth, appears to have some bearing on the subject referred to in the page of your publication which I have quoted above:--

"Cooke, attorney, at diner Whitsunday[1] ista protulit.

"Wolsey, a prelate, was flagrante crimine taken in fornication by
S'r Anthony Pagett of y'e West, and put in y'e stokes. After being
made Cardinall, S'r Anthony sett up his armes on y'e middle Temple
gate: y'e Cardinall passing in pontificalibus, and spying his owne
armes, asked who sett them up. Answare was made y't y'e said Mr.
Pagett. He smiled saying, he is now well reclaymed; for wher
before he saw him in disgrace, now he honoured him."

[Footnote 1: This was probably in 1598.]

W. L.

_Nervous_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).--_Nervous_ has unquestionably the double meaning assigned to it in MR. BANNEL'S Query. The propriety of the English practice, in this respect, may be doubted. _Nervous_ is correctly equivalent to Lat. _nervosus_; Fr. _nerveux_, strong, vigorous. In the sense of _nervous weakness_, or, perhaps more correctly, _nervine weakness_, the word should probably be _nervish_, analogous to _qualmish_, _squeamish_, _aguish_, _feverish_, &c. In Scotland, though the English may regard it as a vulgarism, I have heard the word used in this form.

F. S. Q.

_Coleridge's Essays on Beauty_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--I have copies of the _Essays_ referred to. They were republished about 1836 in Fraser's _Literary Chronicle_.

MORTIMER COLLINS.

Guernsey.

_"Nao" or "Naw," a Ship_ (Vol. iv., p. 28.).--I have already answered GOMER upon the imaginary word _naw_, a ship: I beg now to remark on MR. FENTON'S _nav_. If _nav_ was a ship at all, I am at a loss to know why it should be "a much older term." It would probably be subsequent to the introduction of the Latin noun, which it docks of its final _is_. The word or name is quoted from a Triad, the ninety-seventh of that series which contains the mention of Llewelyn ap Griffith, the last prince of Wales; and what makes it "one of the oldest" Triads, I have no idea. Nor do I know what ascertains the date of any of them; or removes the date of the composition of any one of them beyond the middle ages.

But _Nevydd_ is no very uncommon proper name of men and women, derived from _nev_, heaven; and _nav neivion_ is simply "lord of lords." It forms the plural like _mab_, _meibion_, and _march_, _meirchion_. Mr. Walters gives _nav_ under no words but _lord_. David ap Gwelyn either mentions the navigation of the lords, the Trojan chieftains, to Britain; or else that of Nevydd Nav Neivion, cutting short his title. But the former is the plain sense of the thing. If MR. FENTON will only turn to Owen's _Dictionary_ (from which _naw_, a ship, is very properly excluded) he will there find the quotation from Gwalchmai; in which the three Persons of the Trinity are styled the _Undonion Neivion_, "harmonizing or consentaneous Lords." He will scarcely make bold to turn them into ships.

A. N.

_Unde derivatur Stonehenge_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--Your correspondent P. P. proposes to interpret this word, _horse-stones_, from _hengst_, the Saxon for a horse; and to understand thereby large stones, as the words _horse-chesnut_, _horse-daisy_, _horse-mushroom_, &c., mean large ones. But, if he had duly considered the arguments contained in Mr. Herbert's _Cyclops Christianus_, pp. 162-4., he would have seen the necessity of showing, that in Anglo-Saxon and English the description can follow, in composition, the thing described; which it seems it can do in neither. In support of his stone-horse, he should have produced a chesnut-horse in the vegetable sense; a daisy-horse, or a mushroom-horse. Till he does that, the grammatical canon appealed to by that author, will remain in as full force against the stone-horse as against the stone-hanging.

E. A. M.

_Nick Nack_ (Vol. iii., p. 179.).--A rude species of music very common amongst the boys in Sheffield, called by them _nick-a-nacks_. It is made by two pieces of bone, sometimes two pieces of wood, placed between the fingers, and beaten in time by a rapid motion of the hand and fingers. It is one of the periodical amusements of the boys going along the streets.

"And with his right drew forth a truncheon of a white ox rib, and
two pieces of wood of a like form; one of black Eben, and the
other of incarnation Brazile; and put them betwixt the fingers of
that hand, in good symmetry. Then knocking them together, made
such a noise, as the lepers of Britany use to do with their
clappering clickets; yet better resounding, and far more
harmonious."--_Rabelais_, book ii. c. 19.

H. J.

_Meaning of Carfax_ (Vol. iii., p. 508.).--E. J. S. says "Carfoix reminds me of Carfax in Oxford. Are the names akin to each other?" When at Oxford I used to hear that Carfax was properly Quarfax, a contraction for _quatuor facies_, four faces. The church, it will be remembered, looks one way to High Street, another to Queen Street, a third to the Cornmarket, and the fourth to St. Aldates's.

H. T. G.

_Hand giving the Benediction_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--Rabbi Bechai tells us of the solemn blessing in Numbers vi. 25, 26, 27., in which the name Jehovah is thrice repeated, that, when the high priest pronounced it on the people, "elevatione manuum _sic digitos composuit ut_ TRIADA _exprimerent_."

W. FRASER.

_Unlucky for Pregnant Women to take an Oath_ (Vol. iv., p. 151.).--I beg to inform COWGILL that Irishwomen of the lower order almost invariably refuse to be sworn while pregnant. Having frequently had to administer oaths to heads of families applying for relief during the famine in Ireland in 1847-8-9, I can speak with certainty as to the fact, though I am unable to account for the origin of the superstition.

BARTANUS.

Dublin.

_Borough-English_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--_Burgh_ or _Borough-English_ is a custom appendant to _ancient_ boroughs, such as existed in the days of Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror, and are contained in the Book of Domesday. Taylor, in his _History of Gavelkind_, p. 102., states, that in the villages round the city of Hereford, the lands are all held in the tenure of Borough-English. There appears also to be a customary descent of lands and tenements in some places called _Borow-English_, as in Edmunton: vid. _Kitchin of Courts_, fol. 102. The custom of _Borough-English_, like that of gavelkind, and those of London and York, is still extant; and although it may have been in a great measure superseded by _deed_ or _will_, yet, doubtless, instances occur in the present day of its vitality and consequent operation.

FRANCISCUS.

_Date of a Charter_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--I suspect that the charter to which MR. HAND refers, is one of the time of Henry II., and not of Henry III. The latter sent no daughter to Sicily; but Joan, the daughter of the former, was married to William, king of Sicily, in the year 1176, 22 Henry II. In the Great Roll of that year (Rot. 13 b.) are entries of payments for hangings in the king's chamber on that occasion, and of fifty marks given to Walter de Constantiis, Archdeacon of Oxford, for entertaining the Sicilian ambassadors. See Madox's _Exchequer_, i. 367., who also in p. 18. refers to Hoveden, P. 2. p. 548. This may perhaps assist in the discovery of the precise date, which I cannot at present fix.

[Greek: Ph.]

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

_The Jansenists: their Rise, Persecutions by the Jesuits, and existing Remnant; a Chapter in Church History_: by S. P. Tregelles, LL.D., is an interesting little monograph, reprinted with additions from Dr. Kitto's _Journal of Biblical Literature_, and enriched with portraits of Jansenius, St. Cyran, and the Mère Angelique. The history of the Jansenist Church lingering in separate existence at Utrecht affords a new instance of Catholicity of doctrine apart from the Papal communion; and as such cannot fail to have a peculiar interest for many of our readers.

The long, brilliant, and important reign of Louis XIV. has had many chroniclers. The _Mémoires_ written by those who figured in its busy scenes are almost innumerable; many, as may be supposed from the character of the monarch and the laxity of the court, being little calculated for general perusal. Mr. James therefore did good service when he presented the reading world with his historical view of _The Life and Times of Louis XIV._, a work in which, while he has done full justice to the talents and genius of the monarch, and the brilliancy of the circle by which he was surrounded, he has not allowed that splendour so to dazzle the eyes of the spectator as to blind him to the real infamy and heartlessness with which it was surrounded. We are therefore well pleased to see Mr. James's history reprinted as the two new volumes of Bohn's _Standard Library_.

Mr. L. A. Lewis of 125. Fleet Street will sell on Friday next two extraordinary Collections of Tracts on Trade, Coinage, Commerce, Banks, Public Institutions, and Trade generally. The First, in 167 Vols., in fol., 4to., and 8vo., commences with Milles' _Customer's Replie_, 1604. The Second, in 20 Vols., collected upwards of a century since, commences with H. Gilbert's _Discourse of a Discoverie for a New Passage to Cataia_, 1576. Both series should be secured for a Public Library.

CATALOGUE RECEIVED.--J. Millers' (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 28 of Cheap Books for Ready Money.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM.

PLATO. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition.

PARKINSON'S SERMONS. Vol. I.

ATHENÆUM. Oct. and Nov. 1848. Parts CCL., CCLI.

WILLIS' PRICE CURRENT. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.--XLV.

RABBI SALEMO JACOBES COMMENTAR ÜBER DEN PENTATEUCH VON L. HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833.

RABBI SALEMO JACOBES ÜBER DAS ERSTE BUCH MOSIS VON L. HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833.

No. 3. of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS, or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas Johnson. London, 1790.

HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624.

THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. 8vo.

BOVILLUS DE ANIMÆ IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to.

KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I.

THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol. III. Pickering.

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PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
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arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
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