Chapter II: Front Matter (2)

_Allens of Rossull._--Can any of you correspondents furnish me with the arms borne by the Allens of Rossull and Redivales, Lancashire? Of this family was the celebrated Cardinal Allen. Also the arms borne by the Pendleburys, another Lancashire family?

J.C.

_Number of the Children of Israel._--In Exod. xii. 37. it is stated that the numbers of the children of Israel constituting the Exodus was "600,000 men," "besides children." No specific mention is made of _women_: it will be diminishing the difficulty if the 600,000 are considered the aggregate of the adults of both sexes. It is said that the time the Israelites remained in Egypt was 430 years (Ex. xii. 40.). The number who were located in Egypt was seventy (Gen. xlvi. 27.). I wish to ascertain from some competent statistician what, under the most favourable circumstances, would be the increase of seventy people in 430 years? I am aware that Professor Lee, in his invaluable translation of the Book of Job, is of opinion that 215 years is the time the Israelites actually remained in Egypt; and the remainder must be considered the previous time they were in Canaan. If the Professor's calculation be adopted, the statistician could easily show the difference at 215 and 430 years.

ÆGROTUS.

_Computatio Eccles. Anglic._--In Bishop Burnet's "Hist. of the Reform.," vol. ii. of first folio edition, London, 1679, _Coll. of Records_, b. ii. p. 100. No. XL. is "An instrument of the speech of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Chicheley) made to the House of Commons about it," scilicet, Statute of Provisors. It begins as follows:--

"Die Veneris, penultimo mensis Januarii, A.D. _secundum cursum et
computationem Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ_ millesimo quadringentesimo
_decimo septimo_, indictione sexta, pontificatus.... Martini Papæ
quinti anno undecimo."

Now as Martin V. was chosen Pope by the Council of Constance, November 11, 1417, his eleventh year would extend over January, 1428, and the sixth indiction answers to the same year, which would, however, be styled 1427 in ecclesiastical documents till March 25. Can the Computatio Eccles. Anglic. mean anything more than a reference to the distinction between the ecclesiastical and historical times of commencing the year? If it does not, decimo septimo must be an error for vicesimo septimo, made in transferring the numeral letters into words. Has this error been corrected in subsequent editions of Burnet?

H.W.

_Martinique._--Will any of your correspondents, acquainted with the history of the French islands, inform me why was the island of Martinique so called? English writers style the island _Martinico_, but none have gone so far as to give the derivation or meaning of the word.

W.J.C.

St. Lucia.

_Objective and Subjective._--Will some of your intelligent readers deign to enlighten a merely physical ignoramus as to the precise meaning (always supposing there _be_ a meaning) of the oft-recurring words "objective" and "subjective" ("omjective" and "sumjective," according to Mr. Carlyle) in the Highgate "talk", supposed by sundry transcendental sages of our day to be the expression of an almost inspired wisdom. _Is_ this exoteric jargon _translateable_ into intelligible English? or is it not (as Chalmers called it, speaking _Scottice_) "all buff?" Most assuredly he who really understands it (not _affects_ to understand it) need not, as Southey used to say, be afraid of cracking peach-stones.

X.

_Quarter Waggoner._--The master of a ship of war has the charge of navigating her from port to port, under the direction of the captain; and he is moreover charged to make what improvements he can in the charts. Now the masters were sometimes rather slack in the latter department, in which case they procured certificates from their captains to the Navy Board, stating that they had seen nothing but what was already in the general "Quarter Waggoner."

Can any of your correspondents describe this Quarter Waggoner? And, as the master keeps the official _log_-book, can you kindly tell me how that recondite volume came to be so designated?

W. H. SMYTH.

_Sir Roger Wilcock._--Can any of your antiquarian readers favour me with the armorial ensigns of Sir Roger Wilcock, knight, whose daughter and heiress, Agnes, was wife to Sir Richard Turberville, of Coyty Castle, in Glamorganshire, and by him mother of two sons, Sir Payn, afterwards Lord of Coyty, and Wilcock Turberville, who by his wife Maud, heiress of Tythegstone, in the same county, was ancestor of the Turbervilles of that place, and of Penlline Castle.

The lineage of this ancient and knightly family of Turberville is not given correctly in Burke's _Dictionary of the Landed Gentry_ for the year 1847. The marriage of Christopher Turberville of Penlline (sheriff for Glamorgan in 1549 and 1568) with Agnes Gwyn[5], heiress of Ryderwen in the county of Caermarthen, and widow of Henry Vaughan, Esq., is altogether omitted in Burke, and for the correctness of which see Lewis Dwnn's _Heraldic Visitation into Wales and its Marches_, vol. ii. (near the commencement) title "Ryderwen;" and in vol. i. of the same work, p. 140., title "Ystradcorwg," Catherine, the issue of that marriage, and one of the daughters and coheiresses of Christopher Turberville, is mentioned as the wife of David Lloyd of that place, in the parish of Llanllawddog, co. Caermarthen, sheriff in 1590 and 1601. In further corroboration of this, we find that the Lloyds of Glanguelly and Ystradcorwg, descendants of the said marriage, ever afterwards quartered the arms of Turberville, viz. "chequy or and gu. a fesse ermine," with their own paternal shield. It is not improbable that the marriage of Christopher Turberville with the aforementioned Agnes, _kinswoman of the Rices_, may have had some influence in allaying the deadly animosity which had previously existed between the rival houses of Dynevor and Penlline.

[Footnote 5: According to Lewis Dwnn, this Agnes Gwyn was daughter
and coheiress (by Margaret his wife, daughter of Sir Rhys ab
Thomas, K.G.) of Henry ab John of Ryderwen, son and heir (by
Mabli, or Eva, his wife, daughter and coheiress of Henry ab
Guilym, of Curt Henri and Llanlais, in the vale of Llangathen,
Caermarthenshire) of John ab Henry (otherwise Penry), kinsman to
the aforesaid Sir Rhys ab Thomas, and a branch of the Penrys of
Llanelli, derived from a common origin with the ancient and noble
house of Dynevor.]

Again, in vol. iv. of Burke's _History of the Commoners_ for the year 1838, Jenkyn Turberville of Tythegstone, fourth in descent from Wilcock Turberville, is stated to have wedded Florence, daughter of Watkyn ab Rasser Vaughan, and to have had issue by her two sons, Richard[6], who continued the line at Tythegstone, and Jenkyn, father of the said Christopher, of Penlline Castle, Glamorgan. By reference to Lewis Dwnn's work, edited by the late talented and much lamented antiquary, Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, article "Vaughan of Bretwardine, co. Hereford, and Pembrey Court, Caermarthenshire," we find that Jenkyn Turberville married Denis, daughter of Watkyn ab Sir Roger Vaughan, knight, with the following remark in Welsh: "Ag ni bu dim plant o Derbil iddi ag wedi guraig Morgan ab Jenkyn gur Tre Dineg;" that is to say, "She had no children by Turberville, and she afterwards became the wife of Morgan ab Jenkyn,"--I presume, of Tredegar, in Monmouthshire. Is it not, therefore, likely that he married twice; that his first wife was Cecil Herbert, and the mother of his two sons?

[Footnote 6: This gentleman had an ode addressed to him by the
celebrated Welsh bard, Lewis of Glyn Cothi.--Vide Burke's work.]

A correct lineage of the Turbervilles, with the ensigns they were entitled to quarter, down to Christopher Turberville's co-heiress Catherine, the wife of David Lloyd, would greatly oblige.

W. G. T. T.

Caermarthen.

_Ruffles, when worn._--At what time did the fashion of wearing ruffles come in? and when did it go out?

Many persons living at the present time remember their being generally worn in respectable, and occasionally in what may be called minor life.

The clergy did not wear them.

So general was their use in the early part of the reign of George III., that the Rev. William Cole, of Milton, in the account of his Journey to France, in 1765, says he was taken for an English clergyman because he did not wear them, and in consequence addressed "M. l'Abbé."

_Dr. John Ash._--I should feel exceedingly obliged by information respecting the birth-place and early history of Dr. John Ash, formerly an eminent physician practising in Birmingham, and the founder of the General Hospital in that town. He was a graduate of Trinity College, Oxford; his doctor's degree was taken in 1764. He died at Brompton, Knightsbridge, in 1798. Every available source has been searched in vain for information on this subject. It is required for literary purposes.

F. RUSSELL.

Minor Queries Answered.

_Mutabilitie of France._--Upon the books at Stationers' Hall, Lib. C., under the year 1597, 20th April, Thomas Creed entered _A Treatise of the Mutabilitie of Fraunce from the yeare of our Lorde 1460 untill the yeare of our Lorde 1595_. Can any of your readers say in what library a copy of this treatise can be found?

INDAGATOR.

[A copy is in the Bodleian library. The full title is, "The
Mutable and Wavering Estate of France, from 1460 to 1595; together
with an Account of the Great Battles of the French Nation both at
Home and Abroad. 4to. Lond. Tho. Creede, 1597."]

_Caldoriana Societas._--A copy of the Latin Bible of Junius and Tremellius, now in my possession, has on the title:

"Sancti Gervasii, 1607.
"Sumptibus Caldorianæ Societatis."

Will you kindly inform me who constituted this body, and why they were so called?

QUIDAM.

[Cotton, in his _Typographical Gazetteer_, has given the following
notices of this body:--

"Caldoriana Societas, qu. at Basle or Geneva? An edition of
Calepine's _Lexicon_, fol. 1609, bears for imprint _Sumptibus
Caldorianæ Societatis_." "An edition of the controversies between
Pope Paul V. and the Venetians, bears for imprint, 'In Villa
Sanvincentiana apud Paulum Marcellum, sumptibus Caldorianæ
Societatis, anno 1607,' but is by no means of Spanish workmanship.
I rather judge that the whole of the tracts connected with this
business, which profess to have been printed at various places, as
Augsburg, Saumur, Rome, Venice, &c., have their origin in the Low
Countries, and proceeded from the presses of Antwerp, Rotterdam,
or the Hague."]

_Millers of Meath._--The millers of the county of Meath, in Ireland, keep St. Martin's day as a holiday. Why?

Ω.

[Because of the honour paid to St. Martin in the Western Church,
whose festival had an octave. Formerly it was denominated
Martinalia, and was held with as much festivity as the Vinalia of
the Romans. Among old ecclesiastical writers, it usually obtained
the title of the Second Bacchanal:

"Altera Martinus dein Bacchanalia præbet;
Quem colit anseribus populus multoque Lyæo."

Thomas Naogeorgus, _De Regno Pont_.

Thus translated by Barnabie Googe:

"To belly cheare yet once again doth Martin more encline,
Whom all the people worshippeth with rosted geese and wine."]

_Kissing under the Mistletoe._--What is the origin of kissing under the mistletoe?

AN M.D.

[Why Roger claims the privilege to kiss Margery under the
mistletoe at Christmas, appears to have baffled our antiquaries.
Brand states, that this druidic plant never entered our sacred
edifices but by mistake, and consequently assigns it a place in
the kitchen, where, says he, "it was hung up in great state, with
its white berries; and whatever female chanced to stand under it,
the young man present either had a right, or claimed one, of
saluting her, and of plucking off a berry at each kiss." Nares,
however, makes it rather ominous for the fair sex not to be
saluted under the famed _Viscum album_. He says, "The custom
longest preserved was the handing up of a bush of mistletoe in the
kitchen, or servants' hall, with the charm attached to it, that
the maid who was not kissed under it at Christmas, would not be
married in that year."]

_Trinity Chapel, Knightsbridge._--Was Trinity Chapel, Knightsbridge, which has been rebuilt several times, ever parochial? Can I be referred to any memoir of the Rev. ---- Gamble, Chaplain to H. R. H. the Duke of York, who in the early part of the present century was minister of it?

H. G. D.

[The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, belonged originally to
an ancient hospital, or lazar-house, under the patronage of the
abbot and convent of Westminster. It was rebuilt in 1629, at the
cost of the inhabitants, by a license from Dr. Laud, then Bishop
of London, as a chapel of ease to St. Martin's-in-the-Fields,
within the precincts of which parish it was situated; but the site
was subsequently assigned to the parish of St. George, Hanover
Square, and at present forms a part of that of Kensington. The
Rev. J. Gamble was minister of this chapel in 1794-5; in 1796 he
was appointed chaplain of the forces, and in 1799 rector of
Alphamstone, and also of Bradwell-juxta-Mare, in Essex. In 1805 he
was married to Miss Lathom of Madras, by whom he had a son. His
death took place at Knightsbridge, July 27, 1811.]

"_Please the Pigs._"--Whence have we this very _free_ translation of Deo Volente?

PORCUS.

[This colloquial phrase is generally supposed to be a corruption
of "Please the _Pyx_," a vessel in which the Host is kept. By an
easy metonymy, the vessel is substituted for the Host itself, in
the same manner as when we speak, in parliamentary language, of
"the sense of the _House_,"--we refer not to the bricks and
stones, but to the opinion of its honourable members.]

_Meaning of Barnacles._--Can any of your readers throw any light on the term "barnacles," which is constantly used for "spectacles"? I need not say that the word in the singular number is the name of a shell-fish.

PISCATOR.

[Phillips, in his _World of Words_, tells us that "among farriers,
_barnacles_, _horse-twitchers_, or _brakes_, are tools put on the
nostrils of horses when they will not stand still to be shoed,"
&c.; and the figure of the barnacle borne in heraldry (not
barnacle goose, which is a distinct bearing), as engraved in
Parker's _Glossary of Heraldry_, sufficiently shows why the term
has been transferred to spectacles, which it must be remembered
were formerly only kept on by the manner in which they clipped the
nose.]

_The Game of Curling._--As an enthusiastic lover of curling, I have been trying for some time past to discover any traces of the origin of the game, and the earliest mention made of it: but, I am sorry to say, without success.

I should therefore feel much obliged to any of your correspondents who could inform me concerning the origin of this game, and also any works which may treat of it.

"JOHN FROST."

Paisley.

[Appended to Dr. Brewster's account of curling, quoted in the
_Encyclopædia Metropolitana_, vol. xvii. p. 469., occurs the
following historical notice of this winter amusement:--"Curling is
a comparatively modern amusement in Scotland, and does not appear
to have been introduced till the beginning of the sixteenth
century, when it probably was brought over by the emigrant
Flemings. It was originally known under the name of _kuting_,
which perhaps is a corruption of the Teutonic _kleuyten_,
_kalluyten_, rendered by Kilian in his _Dictionary_, _ludere
massis sive globulis glaciatis, certare discis in æquore
glaciatâ_. In Canada it has become a favourite amusement, on
account of the great length of the winters."]

Replies.

SAINT IRENE AND THE ISLAND OF SANTORIN.

(Vol. iv., p. 475.)

Your correspondent Σ asks for information about St. Irene or St. Erini, from whom he thinks the Island of Santorin in the Grecian Archipelago acquired its name; and in reply, you have referred him to Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_, for particulars of the canonized Empress Irene.

But Σ is, I suspect, mistaken in supposing Santorin to be indebted either to saint or empress for its present appellation; although he errs in company with Tournefort and a succession of later geographical etymologists, who in this instance have trusted too much to their _ear_ as an authority. Another correspondent in the same number, F. W. S. (p. 470.), has directed attention to a peculiarity in the formation of the modern names of places in Greece, the theory of which will guide Σ to the real derivation of the word Santorin. F. W. S. states truly that many of the recent names have been constructed by prefixing the preposition εἰς to the ancient one; thus ATHENS, εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας, became _Satines_, and COS, εἰς τὴν Κῶν, _Stanco_. Lord Byron has explained this origin of the alteration in one of the notes to _Childe Harold_, I think; but I apprehend that the barbarism is to be charged less upon the modern Greeks themselves, than upon the European races, Sclavonians, Normans, and Venetians, and later still the Turks, who seized upon their country on the dismemberment of the Lower Empire. The Greeks themselves no doubt continued to spell their proper names correctly; but their invaders, ignorant of their orthography, and even of their letters, were forced to write the names of places in characters of their own, and guided solely by the sound. _Negropont_, the modern name of Euboea, is a notable instance of this. In the desolation which followed the Roman conquest, Euboea, as described by Pausanias and Dion, had become almost deserted, and, on its partial revival under the Eastern Empire, the old name of Euboea was abandoned, and the whole island took the name of Euripus, from a new town built on the shore of that remarkable strait. This, pronounced by the Greeks, Evripos, the Venetians, on their arrival in the thirteenth century, first changed into Egripo and _Negripo_, and next into Negro-_ponte_, after they had built a bridge across the Euripus. This last name, the island retains to the present time. Another familiar example is the modern name of Byzantium, _Stamboul_, by which both Greeks and Turks now speak of Constantinople. The Romans called their capital par excellence "the city" (in which, by the way, we ourselves imitate them when speaking of London). Among the ancient Jews, in like manner, to "go to the city," ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν, meant to go to Jerusalem (Matt., xxvi. 18., xxviii. 11.; Mark, xiv. 13.; Luke, xxii. 10.; John, iv. 18.; Acts, ix. 16.). The Greeks of the Lower Empire followed the example in speaking of Constantinople; and the Turks, on their conquest in the fifteenth century, adopting the provincialism, wrote εἰς τὴν πόλιν, _Istampoli_, and thence followed Istambol and Stamboul. The same theory will explain the modern word Santorin, about which your correspondent Σ requests information. The ancient name was _Thera_, and by this the island is described both by Herodotus and Strabo, and later still by Pliny. _Thera_, submitted to the usual process, became, from εἰς τὴν Θήραν, _Stantheran_, _Santeran_, and finally _Santorin_. In the latter form it almost invited a saintly pedigree, and accordingly "Richard," a Jesuit, whose work I have seen, but cannot now consult, wrote, about two centuries ago, his _Relation de l'Isle de St. Erini_, in which, for the glory of the Church, he explains that the island obtained its name, not from the Empress Irene, but from a Saint Erine, whom he describes as the daughter of a Macedonian prefect, and from whom he says it was called Νῆσος τῆς Ἁγίας Εἰρήνης. I incline, however, to etymology rather than hagiology for the real derivation.

J. EMERSON TENNENT.

THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND--WHO WAS SHE? NO. II.

(Vol. iv., pp. 305. 426.)

My "NOTES AND QUERIES" coming to me monthly, I am as yet in ignorance whether any of your numerous correspondents have answered my inquiry (Vol. iv., p. 306.): "Whether the portraits of 'the old Countess of Desmond,' at Knowle, Bedgebury, or Penshurst, correspond with my description of that in the possession of the Knight of Kerry?" I have since met a painter of eminence, who assures me that Horace Walpole's criticism is correct, and that the portraits commonly known as those of the Countess are really the likeness of "Rembrandt's mother." If they be identified with that I have described, the idea that we possess a "counterfeit presentment" of this ancient lady, must, I fear, be given up as a delusion.

But the lady herself remains a "great fact," and a physiological curiosity; and there is yet a subject for inquiry respecting her. We may identify her on the herald's tree, if not on the painter's board or canvas. _Who was she?_ In attempting to discuss this question, I must not take a merit which does not belong to me in any thing. I may say I am but following out the original research of an accurate and accomplished antiquary, Mr. Samthell of Cork, of whose curious _Olla Podrida_ (privately printed) I possess, by his favour, a copy, which contains a paper on this subject originally read before "The Cork Cuvierian Society." This paper, together with some MSS. notes of Sir William Betham, Ulster king-at-arms, furnish my text-book; and I have little more to do than correct some mistakes, which appear to me so obvious, that I think they must arise from slips of the pen, or _slops_ of that most teasing confounder of dates and figures, _the printer_,--who can so often, by merely dipping into a wrong cell of type, set us wrong by a century or two in a calculation.

All authorities are agreed in fixing on "Margret O'Bryen, wife of James, 9th Earl of Desmond," as the long-lived individual in question. Sir Walter Raleigh, by calling her "The old Countess of Desmond, of _Inchiquin_," determines the fact of her being of the O'Bryen race,--Inchiquin being the feudal territory of the O'Bryens. There was more than one intermarriage between the Desmond earls and the O'Bryen family; but none of them include all the conditions for identifying the "old Countess," except that I have specified.

We now come to _dates_: and here it is that I have the presumption to question the conclusions of the two eminent antiquaries on whose researches I am remarking.

"James Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of Desmond, was murdered by John Montagh Fitzgerald, of Clenglish, A.D. 1467, ætat 29," says one of my authorities. "The old Countess bore the title only for a few months, for she became dowager on the murder of her husband in 1467 (_not_ 1487)," adds my second authority. These are formidable _dicta_, coming from such sources; and if I venture to question them, it is only under pressure of such circumstances and authorities, as at least demand a hearing.

I think both these gentlemen confound the _murder_ of James, the ninth Earl of Desmond, with the _execution_ of his father, Thomas, the eighth Earl, who, according to all annals and authorities, was beheaded at Drogheda in the year 1467. Of this fact there can be no question. Ware gives it in his _Annals_, stating that "John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, called a parliament at Drogheda, and passed a certain enactment, in virtue of which "the great Earl of Desmond was beheaded, 15th of February, 1467." We find the very act itself (in the _Cotton MSS. Titus_, B. xi. 373.) headed and running as follows:--"VII. Edw. Quarti" (1467). "Pur diverses causes, horribles treisons et felonies prepensez, et faitez per _Thomas_ Count de Desmond, et Thomas Count de Kildar," &c. &c.

We now proceed with _Ware_ to the date 1487, and he writes thus:--"On the 7th of December, James Fitz-Thomas, a Geraldine, and Earl of Desmond, who, for almost twenty-_eight_ (?) years flourished in wealth and power, was suddenly and cruelly murdered by his servants in his house at Rathkeale in the county of Limerick." "This James dying without issue, at least issue male, his brother Morrish succeeded him; by whom, _John Mantagh_, the chief contriver of that murder, was soon after taken and slain." Here is a distinct statement from an annalist which may be contradicted by facts, but cannot be misunderstood as to meaning.

The more I look at Mr. Samthell's account, the more I am disposed to consider the date he gives as a slip of the pen, or the result of that kind of confusion into which the most accurate mind will sometimes fall, from _too long_ and _intense_ consideration of the same point. I say this, because his own statements furnish at every step matter to confute his own conclusions: thus, he says, "Supposing the old Countess to have been _eighteen_ at her husband's death (and the Irish marry young), she would have been 140 years old in 1589." This calculation plainly _assumes_ the death to have taken place in 1467; but in a passage further on he says, "It will be remembered, that Thomas, _eighth_ Earl of Desmond, _father to Margret O'Bryen's husband_, was Lord Deputy of Ireland for the Duke Clarence, brother to Edw. IV., from 1462 to 1467!" And again, giving some brief notices of the earls from "A Pedigree of Sir William Betham's," he sets down, "8th earl, Thomas, beheaded A.D. 1467; 9th earl, James (son of Thomas), murdered A.D. 1467;"--overlooking the fact, which would have been in itself _memorable_, that he makes the beheading of the father, and the murder of the son, to have taken place in the same year! Although I cannot ascertain whence Mr. Pelham took the dates which he has given in his print, I have no hesitation in adopting them, as agreeing best with all the probable circumstances of the case; he places Margret O'Bryen's birth in 1464, her death _somewhere_ from 1620 to 1626; this would sufficiently tally with the opinion, that she was left a young widow at her husband's death in 1487, and agree with Sir Walter Raleigh's statement, that she "was living in 1589," and "_many years afterwards_." Lord Bacon's express words are, "_Certainly they report that within these few years_ the Countess of Desmond lived to an hundred and forty years of age." These words occur in his _History of Life and Death_, published in 1623, and add to the probability that the old lady was either lately dead, or that possibly, in the little intercourse between London and remote parts of the empire at that period, she might be _even then_ alive, without his knowledge.

I submit these speculations to correction; and in venturing to dispute the conclusions of the authorities I have named, I feel myself somewhat in the position of a dwarf, who, climbing on the shoulder of a giant, should assume the airs of a tall man; but for the encouragement and assistance of the gentlemen I have named, I should probably never have known how even to state a genealogical or antiquarian question. I shall conclude by committing myself to your printer's mercy, trusting that he will be too magnanimous to take notice of my remarks on the "slip-slop" printing of figures, which will sometimes occur in the best offices; if he should misprint my figures, all my facts will fall to the ground.

A. B. R.

Belmont.

In the Birch Collections at the British Museum there is a transcript of a Table-Book of Robert Sydney, second Earl of Leicester, made by Birch (_Add. MSS. 4161._), the following extract from which, P. C. S. S. believes will not be unacceptable to the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES:"

"The olde Countess of Desmond was a marryed woman in Edward IV.'s
time, of England, and lived till towards the end of Queen
Elizabeth, soe as she needes must be 140 yeares old: shee had a
newe sett of teeth not long before her death, and might have lived
much longer, had shee not mett with a kind of violent death; for
she must needes climb a nutt-tree to gather nutts, soe falling
downe, shee hurt her thigh, which brought a fever, and that fever
brought death. This my cosen Walter Fitzwilliam told me. This olde
lady, Mr. Harnet told me, came to petition the Queen, and landing
at Bristol, shee came on foote to London, being then soe olde that
her doughter was decrepit, and not able to come with her, but was
brought in a little cart, their poverty not allowing them better
provision of meanes. As I remember, Sir Walter Rowleigh, in some
part of his _History_, speakes of her, and says that he saw her in
England, anno 1589. Her death was as strange and remarkable as her
long life was,--having seene the deaths of so many descended from
her; and both her own and her husband's house ruined in the
rebellion and wars."

P. C. S. S.

COLLAR OF SS.

(Vol. ii., p. 140.; Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236. 456.)

In my communication to you in August, 1850, and inserted as above, I stated that I was uncertain whether the collar of SS. was worn by the Chief Baron of the Exchequer previously to the reign of George I., as I had no portrait of that functionary of an earlier date.

I have since found, and I ought to have sent you the fact before, that the Chief Baron, as well as the two Chief Justices, was decorated with this collar in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. In the church of St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, is the monument of Sir Roger Manwood, who died Lord Chief Baron on December 14, 1592, on which his bust appears in full judicial robes (colored proper), over which he wears the collar in its modern form.

EDWARD FOSS.

Was the collar of SS. worn by persons under a vow to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, or to join a crusade, the S. being the initial letter of Sépulcre, or SS. for Saint Sépulcre? The appearance of the above-mentioned collar on the effigy of a person in the habit of a pilgrim in the church of Ashby-de-la-Zouch (see "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iv., p. 345.), so strongly confirms the idea, that I beg leave to offer it to the consideration of any readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" who may be interested in the question.

E. J. M.

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Tregonwell Frampton_ (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--Noble mentions two engravings of this gentleman in the _Continuation to Granger_, vol. ii. p. 387., from a portrait by J. Wootton; the oldest, by J. Faber, describes him as "Royal Studkeeper at Newmarket;" the other, dated 1791, by J. Jones, styles him "the Father of the Turf;" and his death in 1728, æt. eighty-six, is recorded on a monument in the parish church of All Saints, Newmarket, as well as the circumstance of his having been keeper of the running horses to King William III. and his three royal successors.

Frampton, according to Noble, who quotes from some other author, was a thorough good groom only, yet would have made a good minister of state had he been trained to it, and no one in his day was so well acquainted with the pedigrees of race-horses. I am not aware of there being any reference to Tregonwell Frampton in the _Rambler_, but he has frequently been denounced as the author of an unparalleled act of barbarity to a race-horse, which is detailed in the _Adventurer_, No. 37., as delicately as such a subject would permit. In justice to the accused I must say, that I always considered the story as physically impossible; and had this not been the case, it cannot be credited that the author of so great an enormity could have been continued in the service of the Crown. Still the essayist, who wrote nearly a century ago, thus closes his recital:--

"When I had heard this horrid narrative, _which indeed I
remembered to be true_, I turned about in honest confusion, and
blushed that I was a man."

I hope some of your correspondents may be able to clear Frampton from the dreadful imputation.

B.

_Longueville MSS._ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--This collection (of 187 volumes) is better known by the name of the _Yelverton MSS._, from having belonged to Sir Christopher Yelverton, Bart., who died in 1654, and whose son Henry (by Susan, Baroness Grey of Ruthin) was created Viscount Longueville in 1690. From him (who died in 1704) these MSS. descended to his grandson, Henry, third Earl of Sussex, who deceased in 1799 without male issue. In April, 1781, this collection of MSS. (then stated to consist of 179 volumes, and eight wanting to complete the series) was offered for purchase to the trustees of the British Museum for 3000 guineas, and declined. The loss of these eight volumes is accounted for by a note of Gough (written in 1788), in Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes_, vol. iii. p. 622., by which it appears, that in 1784 the collection was submitted to sale by public auction; but "_after the sale of a few lots_, the sale was stopped." Gough adds, "They were all given by Lord Sussex to Lord Calthorpe, whose mother was of that family [Barbara, eldest daughter of Henry, Viscount Longueville], and at his death had not been opened, nor perhaps since." These MSS. are now, I believe, in the possession of the present Lord Calthorpe.

F. MADDEN.

_Cooper's Miniature of Cromwell_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--The miniature of Oliver Cromwell, inquired for by LORD BRAYBROOKE, I think was shown to me at a party in London, about five or six years since, by Mr. Macgregor, M.P.,--at least I suppose it to be the same, though I had forgotten the name of the painter; but Mr. Macgregor prized it very highly, as being the only original miniature of Cromwell, and I think he said it was the one that had belonged to Sir Joshua Reynolds. This slight recollection of having seen it, is almost too vague to be worth alluding to, but as no one appears to have replied to the inquiry, it may lead to connecting the true history to the miniature, and thereby enhance its value.

R.N.

_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 505.).--Your readers will probably be tired of the subject, still MR. BREEN may like to know that the resembling passages in the two copies in question, are quoted with the names of the authors in the sixty-third number of _The Adventurer_, dated _June 12, 1753_, and Pope is directly accused of _having copied from one of the vilest Pindaric writers, in the time of Charles II._

The same paper, and a subsequent one, No. 95., contain some excellent remarks upon the allegation of resemblance between authors, and the charge of plagiarism so frequently raised upon it, but not always to be allowed with equal readiness.

In conclusion, let me express a wish, that the essays which I have pointed out could be perused by some of your correspondents, because I am convinced that we should in future have fewer discussions on parallel passages, which seldom possess much real interest, and frequently have a tendency to injure the fair fame of our most gifted writers, by calling in question their literary honesty without establishing the charge brought against them.

B.

_Voltaire_ (Vol. iv., p. 457.).--Your correspondent J. R. is quite correct as to the name "Voltaire" being an anagram of "Arouet L. J." The fact, however, was first made public by M. Lepan in the _Détails Préliminaires sur les Biographies de Voltaire_, prefixed to his _Vie Politique, Littéraire et Morale de Voltaire_, many years before the communications to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ and the _Dublin Review_, referred to by your correspondent.

Your correspondent states that "Voltaire _was a little partial_ to his paternal name,"[7] and oddly enough gives two extracts from his letters to L'Abbé Moussinot, which prove the very contrary. Those extracts are _also_ to be found in M. Lepan's work, who has adduced them to show "son _mépris_ pour son nom de famille." _Vie de Voltaire_, p. 11. edit. 1817.

JAMES CORNISH.

[Footnote 7: This was a misprint for "_so little partial_."--ED.]

_Tudur Aled_ (Vol. iv., p. 384.).--Your correspondent A STUDENT will find _nine_ poems by Tudur Aled, including the famous description of the Horse, in a 4to. collection of ancient Kymric poetry, published at Amwythig, in 1773, by Rhys Jones. It is entitled _Gorchestion Beirdd Cymrit_. Should A STUDENT wish to extend his acquaintance with this old bard, he will find other poems of his among the Welsh MSS. in the British Museum, in vols. 14,866. _et seq._

T. S.

_Latin Verse on Franklin_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.).--The verse "Eripuit coelo," &c., seems to be a parody of the following lines of Manilius (_Astronom._ I. 105.):--

"Eripuitque Jovi fulmen, viresque tonanti."

I am unable, however, to say who adapted these words to Franklin's career. Was it Condorcet?

R.D.H.

The inscription--

"Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis"

under Franklin's portrait, was written by Mirabeau.

JAMES CORNISH.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

When Mr. Wilkin, in the year 1836, gave to the world an edition of the works of his illustrious townsman, Sir Thomas Browne, the critics were unanimous in their praise both of the undertaking and of the manner in which the editor had executed his task. It was felt that the writings of so great a man--of one on whose style Johnson is supposed to have formed his own--and whose _Religio Medici_ he eulogized for "the novelty of the paradoxes, the dignity of sentiment, the quick succession of images, the multitude of abstruse allusions, the subtlety of disquisition, and the strength of language" to be found in it, ought to be made better known; and Mr. Wilkin's endeavour to make them so was lauded as it deserved. That attempt, however, was but feeble compared with the one now making by Mr. Bohn, who has undertaken to reproduce Mr. Wilkin's excellent edition of _The Works of Sir Thomas Browne_ in his _Antiquarian Library_. The first volume, containing Four Books of his _Enquiries into Common and Vulgar Errors_, has been issued; and, we need scarcely add, forms one which is not surpassed for learning, interest, or instructions, by any other in the very cheap and useful series to which it belongs.

One of the most popular branches of botanical study at the present day is that of our British Ferns, from the very obvious causes--that they are objects of exquisite elegance--not very numerous, nor difficult to be procured--and, lastly, which may well account for their popularity with the dwellers in towns, who yet love to "babble of green fields" and be reminded of them--they are for the most part easily cultivated, and of all others are perhaps best adapted to parlour or window culture. Who then can doubt that, in preparing _A Popular History of the British Ferns and the allied Plants, comprising the Club-Mosses, Pepperworts, and Horse Tails_ (with its fifty admirable coloured representations of the most interesting species), Mr. Moore has done good service to the numerous fern growers already existing, and much to promote the further study of this highly interesting division of the vegetable world. Messrs. Reeve and Benham deserve great credit for the way in which they have seconded Mr. Moore's efforts, by the admirable manner in which the book has been got up.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Traveller's Library_, Part 13., containing two more of Mr. Macaulay's brilliant Essays, namely, those _On the Life and Writings of Addison, and on Horace Walpole_.--_Travels in Tartary, Thibet, and China during the Years 1844, '45, and '46_, by M. Huc: _translated from the French_, by W. Hazlitt. Vol. 1.--_Pictures of Travels in the South of France_, by Alexandre Dumas. These are two new volumes of the _National Illustrated Library_, and very interesting ones. The value of M. Huc's Travels in China may be judged of from the fact, that Sir John Davis having received some notes of them, considered them so interesting that he thought it right to embody them in a despatch to Lord Palmerston.--_The Mother's Legacie to her Unborne Childe._ By Elizabeth Joceline. _Reprinted from the Edition of 1625, with Biographical and Historical Introduction._ We may content ourselves with acknowledging the receipt of this handsome reprint, by the Messrs. Blackwood, as it forms the subject of a communication from the correspondent who first drew attention to this interesting volume in N. & Q., which we hope to print next week.--_Archæologia Cambrensis for January, 1852._ This is an excellent number; and if this record of the antiquities of Wales and its Marches does not meet with the support not only of the antiquaries, but also of the gentry of the principality, it will be a national reproach to them.

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REPLIES RECEIVED.--_John Holywood the Mathematician--Barrister --Tripos--Papers of Perjury--Passage in Goldsmith--Dido and Æneas--"England expects every Man," &c.--Dial Mottoes--Age of Trees--Racked by Pain, &c.--Moravian Hymns--Cockney--Meaning of Hernshaw--Ducks and Drakes--Death of Pitt, and other Replies from Este--Crosses and Crucifixes--Sinaitic Inscriptions--Robin Redbreast--Nightingale and Thorn--Singing of Swans--Bishop Trelawney--Lines on the Bible--Hobbes' Leviathan--Derivation of London--Collar of SS._

_Among other interesting communications, which, in spite of our enlarged size, we have been compelled to postpone for want of space, are_ MR. CROSSLEY _on Cibber and Johnson's_ Lives of the Poets--_some fresh particulars respecting General Wolfe_--MR. CHADWICK, "_Right of Search of Parish Registers_"--MR. ROSS, _on the Dukes's saying, "There is no mistake"_--DR. TODD, _on Wady Mokatteb--Index Expurgatorius--"Boiling to Death"--and many other interesting articles which are in type._

_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., _will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating them._

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