Chapter C: I. R

The six words mentioned by NIL NEMINI, that begin with the letter _h_, and have the article "an" prefixed, are not quite the same as those I was taught at school. This is my list "_Heir_, _honest_, _honour_ (including _honourable_), _hour_, _herb_, and _hospital_."

CUTHBERT BEDE.

_The Countess of Desmond_ (Vol. v., p. 323.).--Having succeeded in eliciting notices of various pictures of Oliver Cromwell attributed to Cooper, without discovering the original miniature bequeathed to Richard Burke by Sir Joshua Reynolds, I am tempted to mention that I once saw a portrait of the Countess of Desmond, hitherto not described by any of her biographers, but very much resembling the Windsor picture and Penant's engraved print, though evidently the work of an inferior artist. The portrait in question was a short time in my father's possession, soon after the year 1800, having been delivered to him by the executor of Mrs. Elizabeth Berkeley, an eccentric old lady, well known as a correspondent of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, who left the picture, with many others, to Lord Braybrooke. But it was soon claimed by a Mr. Grimston of Sculcoates, in Yorkshire, who seemed to be entitled to a great portion of the collection, and my father was glad to be allowed to retain two fine views of Venice, painted by Canaletti for Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, who was the father of Mrs. Berkeley's husband, and which are still at Audley End. Perhaps this statement made from memory at the end of fifty years may be of no value, but it shows the existence of another likeness of the person always described as the Countess of Desmond, and as it came originally from the collection of an Irish prelate, it probably, like the lady herself, belonged to the Emerald Isle.

BRAYBROOKE.

_Friday at Sea_ (Vol. v., pp. 200. 330.).--Stranger still to your correspondent W. FRASER and the readers of "N. & Q." must the assurance be that the "Birkenhead" troop-ship (whose disastrous loss was accompanied by such a terrific sacrifice of life), sailed from Portsmouth harbour on the _2nd January last--the identical day_ (_being a Friday_) on which the lamented Capt. Symons in the "Amazon" left this port, no more to return. Can we wonder that uneducated minds, usually prone to superstitious observances, should at least _marvel_ at these strange coincidences?

H. W. S. TAYLOR.

Southampton.

_Marriage of Mrs. Claypole_ (Vol. v., p. 298.).--In an old annual obituary for 1712, there is mention made of the Protector's family, and of the marriage of Mrs. Claypole. I think it gives the date required by B. N., but the phraseology is rather old-fashioned, and may be open to a second interpretation. I send you the extract entire:--

"Elizabeth (and not Mary, as stated in your note) became the wife
of John Claypole, Esquire, of Northamptonshire, made Master of the
Horse to the Protector, one of his House of Lords, a Knight and
Baronet, on July 16th, 1657, he being then Clerk of the Hanaper;
the said Elizabeth dyed August 7th, 1658, and was buried in Henry
VII.'s chappel in a vault made on purpose."

There is no mention of the writer's name in the volume, but I have found such of the details respecting the Cromwell family as I examined to coincide with the received authorities.

T. O'G.

Dublin.

_Rev. John Paget_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.; Vol. v., pp. 66. 280. 327.).--Will the following facts, taken from Oldfield and Dyson's _History and Antiquities of Tottenham_, 1790, pp. 48-50., be of any use to CRANMORE? He is quite right as to the substitution of the baptismal name _James_ to the Baron of the Exchequer, instead of John, as Dugdale has it: for he is called "James Pagitt, Esq.," in the inscription to his memory in Tottenham Church. He was a baron from 1631 till his death in 1638.

The authors describe him as "son of Thomas of the Inner Temple, London, son of Richard Crawford, in the county of Northampton, son of Thomas of Barton Seagrave, &c., in the said county." He married three wives: 1. Katherine, daughter of Dr. Lewin, Dean of the Arches; 2. Bridget, daughter of Anthony Bowyer; and 3. Margaret, daughter of Robert Harris of Lincoln's Inn. The latter we find, in Ashmole's _Antiquities of Berks_, vol. iii. p. 88., had been married twice before, and that her father was of Reading.

Baron Paget had no children by his last two wives; but by his first, besides two daughters, he had two sons: Justinian of Hadley, Middlesex, _custos brevium_ of the Court of King's Bench; and Thomas.

If Cranmore can communicate to me any details of his history, I shall feel obliged by his doing so.

EDWARD FOSS.

_Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell's Confession_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--ÆGROTUS refers, I presume, to a document which he will find in a little volume entitled, _Les Affaires du Comte de Bodnée_, published at Edinburgh by the Bannatyne Club in 1829. The narrative was written in the old French, at Copenhagen. The original is still preserved in the Royal Library of the Castle of Drottningholm in Sweden. Bothwell wrote it on "la vielle des Roys," 1568, and appears to have given it to the Chevalier de Dauzay, the French ambassador, to be communicated to the King of Denmark. Dauzay received it on the 13th of January, 1568, and placed it before the ministers of the King on the 16th of January. M. Mignet, in his history, throws discredit on this confession, styling it "a very adroit narrative" (_L'Histoire de Marie Stuart_, vol. i. appendix H.); though such a self-crimination, at such a time, would seem to any impartial mind to weigh strongly in favour of the ill-fated young queen, whose character it tends to exculpate.

F. S. A.

_Introduction of Glass into England_ (Vol. v., p. 322.).--It is impossible to determine at what period the use of glass utensils for domestic purposes was first introduced into this country; but being manufactured by the Egyptians and Phoenicians, we may very probably owe the introduction of it to them. Window glass appears to have been used in the churches of France as early as the sixth century; and according to Bede, artificers skilled in the art of glass-making were invited into England by Abbot Benedict in the seventh century; and the churches or monasteries of Wearmouth and Garrow were glazed and adorned by his care. Wilfrid, Bishop of Worcester, about the same time took similar steps for substituting glass in lieu of the heavy shutters which were then in use; and great astonishment was excited, and supernatural agency suspected, when the moon and stars were seen through a material which excluded the inclemency of the weather. York Cathedral was glazed about the same time; and in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, when a great stimulus was given to the erection of religious edifices, glass was generally employed in the windows. It appears to have been used in domestic architecture but very sparingly, till a much later period, when it came to be gradually adopted in the residences of the wealthy. As late as the middle of the sixteenth century it was recommended, in a survey of the Duke of Northumberland's estates, that the glass in the windows should be taken down, and laid by in safety during the absence of the Duke and his family, and be replaced on his return; as this would be attended with smaller cost than the repair rendered necessary by damage or decay. In Ray's _Itinerary_ it is mentioned that in Scotland, even in 1661, the windows of ordinary houses were not glazed, and those only of the principal chambers of the King's palaces had glass; the lower ones being supplied with shutters, to admit light and air at pleasure.

Plate glass for mirrors and coach windows was introduced into England by the second Duke of Buckingham, who brought over workmen from Venice, and established a manufactory at Lambeth, where the works were carried on successfully according to the process in use at Venice.

The first manufactory for cast plate glass, according to the process invented by Abraham Thévart, was established in 1773, at Prescot in Lancashire, by a society of gentlemen, to whom a royal charter was granted, under the name of the "British Plate Glass Company."

D. M.

_Maps of Africa_ (Vol. v., p. 236.).--As your correspondent has no faith in Spruner, but appears to have confidence in Kiepert, it may serve him to be informed that there is a General Map of Africa by Kiepert published in 1850, and that Drs. Barth and Overweg, the travellers in Africa, have this map with them: also, that Kiepert published a map of Algiers, Fez, and Morocco, Tunis, Tripoli, &c. There is also another map by Kiepert, of the Roman Empire in the first centuries of the Christian era, which includes the northern coast of Africa.

S. W.

_Cromwell's Skull_ (Vol. v., p. 275.).--In answer to J. P., I beg to inform him that the skull of Cromwell is in the possession of W. A. Wilkinson, Esq., of Beckenham, Kent, at whose house a relation of mine saw it. I have no doubt that Mr. Wilkinson would feel pleasure in stating the arguments on which the genuineness of the interesting relic is based.

L. W.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The publication of _The Works of Sir Thomas Browne_, vol. iii., containing "Urn Burial," "Christian Morals," "Miscellanies," "Correspondence," &c., edited by Simon Wilkins, completes this important contribution to Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_. We could have wished that it had not been included in this series, for we fear that circumstance may deter many from purchasing it; and the writings of Browne may still be read by all with interest and advantage, for, "of the esteem of posterity," said Johnson, "he will not easily be deprived, while learning shall have any reverence among men; for there is no science in which he does not discover some skill; and scarce any kind of knowledge, profane or sacred, abstruse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated with success;" and these writings, with Mr. Wilkins's notes, may now be placed upon our shelves for fifteen shillings!

If, when speaking of the discovery of electro-magnetism by Professor Oersted, Sir John Herschel did not hesitate to declare "that the Electric Telegraph, and other wonders of modern science, were but mere effervescences from the surface of this deep recondite discovery which Oersted had liberated, and which was yet to burst with all its mighty force upon the world," he paid only a just compliment to the merits of the great physicist--and he really did no more--it is obvious that Mr. Bohn, in giving as a new volume of his _Scientific Library_, a translation of _The Soul in Nature, with Supplementary Contributions_, by Hans Christian Oersted, has rendered a great service to scientific men. And it would seem, moreover, from the dedication of the translators, that in executing their labour they have been fulfilling Oersted's own wish, that a true representation of his views of nature should be presented to the English public.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Honey Bee._ _Music, and the Art of Dress._ We have thus, in two handsomely and legibly printed shilling numbers of Murray's _Reading for the Rail_, three Essays from the Quarterly, which all who have read them will be glad to read again, and which all will gladly read who never read before.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

THE ARCHÆOLOGICAL JOURNAL, the First Five Volumes, complete. Also the Extra Volumes of Winchester, York, Norwich, and Lincoln; published by the Archæological Society.

EDWIN AND EMMA. Tayler, 1776.

MALLET'S POEMS. Bell's edition.

MALLET'S PLAY OF ELIOSA. 1763.

JOANNIS LELANDI COLLECTANEA. Vol. V. 1774.

BISHOP PATRICK'S COMMENTARY ON THE BIBLE. The Volumes containing Joshua and Judges. Small 4to.

KENT'S ANTHEMS. Vol. I. folio. Edited by Joseph Corfe.

THE MATHEMATICIAN. Vol. I. No. I. 1844.

MACULLOCH'S HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND.

BACK'S VOYAGE OF THE TERROR, 8vo.

BACK'S OVERLAND JOURNEY IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS, 8vo.

L'HISTOIRE DE LA SAINCTE BIBLE, par Royaumonde: à Paris, 1701.

JOHNSON'S (DR. S.) WORKS, by MURPHY. Trade Edition of 1816, in 8vo. Vol. XII. only.

SCOTT'S CONTINUATION OF MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. II. Part II. 8vo.

WINKELMAN'S REFLECTIONS ON THE PAINTING OF THE GREEKS, translated by FUSELI. London, 1765. 8vo.

ROYAL PROCLAMATIONS IN ENGLAND IN THE YEAR 1688, EXTENDING TO AND INCLUDING THE YEAR 1707. London, folio.

TYRWITT'S SOLID REASONS FOR PHILOSOPHIZING. Winchester, 1652.

BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY. The first two Volumes. In Numbers preferred.

MARVELL'S WORKS. 3 Vols. 4to.

MARVELL'S (ANDREW) LIFE.

KINGSTON-ON-HULL, any work upon.

EDWIN AND EMMA. Taylor, 1776. 5_s._ will be given for a perfect copy.

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Vol. V. Part I.

---- Vols. VIII. and IX. in Numbers.

POPE'S WORKS, BY WARTON, 1797. Vol. IV.

ROSCOE'S NOVELIST'S LIBRARY.--Tristram Shandy. Vol. II.

LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 4to. edit. Vol. VII.

LEBEUF, TRAITE HISTORIQUE SUR LE CHANT ECCLESIASTIQUE.

[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
_carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Tory--Sir B. Gerbier--Amyclæ--Nightingale and Thorn--Cat Island--Oliver Cromwell, the Whale, and the Storm--Lady Arabella Stuart--Death from Fasting--Hoare's Charity--Dr. Fell--Vellum-bound Junius--Rhymes connected with Places--Burial Law--Plague Stones--Land Holland--James Wilson, M.D.--Arkwright--Man in the Almanack--De la Beche Monuments--Key Experiment--Collar of SS.--Duchess of Lancaster--Merchant Adventurers--Was Queen Elizabeth dark or fair?--Thomas Crawfurd--Arms of Robertson--Anagrams--Cousinship --Grin and Gin--Birthplace of St. Patrick--Ralph Winterton--Dutch Porcelain--Lode--Grisly--Cynthia's Dragon Yoke--The word "shunt"--Introduction of Glass into England--License to Make Malt--The Article "an"--Coleridge's Friend--Longevity--Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell's Confession--Meaning of Hyrne--Knights Templars and Freemasons--Newton, Cicero, and Gravitation--Mallet's Death--Mother Carey's Chickens--Meaning of Groom--Bull the Barrel--Provincial Names--Surnames--Old Countess of Desmond--Arms of Manchester--General Pardons--Edward Bagshaw--Sleck Stone--Earl of Errol--Beholden --Bee-park--Doctrine of the Resurrection--Chimneypiece--Motto--Jeremy Taylor's Story of the Greek--Suicides--Tenor Bell at Margate--Maps of Africa--Monumental Portraits--Constable of Scotland--Town Halls--Nobleman alluded to by Bishop Berkeley._

E. A. H. L.'s _letters have been forwarded to_ C. S.

AGATHA'S _former Query did not reach us._

SIGMA _is assured that_ "N. & Q." _is always ready_ AT NOON ON FRIDAY. _If he has any further difficulty on the subject, will he communicate with our publisher_, Mr. Bell?