Chapter I: Part 1

[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been standardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top; [p=] shows a letter p with a stroke through the descender. {Old English style} letters have been shown in {braces}. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.]

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

VOL. V.--No. 134. SATURDAY, MAY 22. 1852.

Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._

CONTENTS.

Page

NOTES:--

A few Things about Richard Baxter, by H. M. Bealby 481

Latin Song by Andrew Boorde, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 482

Shakspeare Notes 483

Publications of the Stuttgart Society, by F. Norgate 484

Manuscript Shakspeare Emendations, by J. O. Halliwell 484

The Grave-stone of Joe Miller 485

Folk Lore:--Swearing on a Skull--New Moon--Rust 485

Minor Notes:--Epitaph at Low Moor--Sir Thomas Overbury's
Epitaph--Bibliotheca Literaria--Inscription at Dundrah
Castle--Derivation of Charing 486

QUERIES:--

Poem by Nicholas Breton 487

The Virtuosi, or St. Luke's Club 487

The Rabbit as a Symbol 487

Is Wyld's Great Globe a Plagiarism from Molenax? by
John Petheram 488

Minor Queries:--Poem on the Burning of the Houses of
Parliament--Newton's Library--Meaning of Royd--The
Cromwell Family--Sir John Darnell, Knt.--Royal
"We"--Gondomar--Wallington's Journal--Epistola
Lucifera, &c.--Cambrian Literature--"VCRIMDR" on
Coins of Vabalathus--Lines on Woman--Penkenol--Fairfax
Family Mansion--Postman and Tubman in the Court of
Exchequer--Second Exhumation of King Arthur's Remains,
&c. 488

MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Welsh Women's Hats--Pancakes
on Shrove Tuesday--Shakspeare, Tennyson, and Claudian 491

REPLIES:--

The Ring Finger 492

The Moravian Hymns 492

Cagots 493

Sheriffs and Lords Lieutenant 494

St. Christopher 494

General Pardons: Sir John Trenchard, by E. S. Taylor 496

Replies to Minor Queries:--Dayesman--Bull; Dun--Algernon
Sidney--Age of Trees--Emaciated Monumental Effigies--Bee
Park--Sally Lunn--Baxter's Pulpit--Lothian's Scottish
Historical Maps--British Ambassadors--Knollys
Family--'Prentice Pillars; 'Prentice Windows--St.
Bartholomew--Sun-dial Inscription--History of
Faction--Barnacles--Family Likenesses--Merchant
Adventurers to Spain--Exeter Controversy--Corrupted
Names of Places--Poison--Vikingr Skotar--Rhymes on
Places--"We three"--Burning Fern brings Rain--Plague
Stones--Sneezing--Abbot of Croyland's Motto--Derivation
of the Word "Azores"--Scologlandis and Scologi 497

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Notes on Books, &c. 501

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 502

Notices to Correspondents 502

Advertisements 503

Notes.

A FEW THINGS ABOUT RICHARD BAXTER.

In the year 1836, I visited Kidderminster for the purpose of seeing the place where Richard Baxter spent fourteen of the most valuable years of his life; and of ascertaining if any relics were to be found connected with the history of this remarkable man. Baxter thought much of Kidderminster, for with strong feeling he says, respecting this place, in his poem on "Love breathing Thanks and Praise" (_Poetical Fragments_, 1st edit. 1681):--

"But among all, none did so much abound,
With fruitful mercies, as that barren ground,
Where I did make my best and longest stay,
And bore the heat and burden of the day;
Mercies grew thicker there than summer flowers:
They over-numbered my daies and hours.
There was my dearest flock, and special charge,
Our hearts in mutual love thou didst enlarge:
'Twas there that mercy did my labours bless,
With the most great and wonderful success."

While prosecuting my inquiries, I was shown the house in which he is said to have resided. It is situated in the High Street, and was, at the time of my visit, inhabited by a grocer; but I had my doubts, from a difference of opinion I heard stated as to this being the actual house. After looking at this house, I visited the vestry of the Unitarian Chapel, and examined the pulpit; the description of which given by your correspondent is very correct. He omits to mention Job Orton's chair, which was shown me, as well as that of Bishop Hall. From all I could learn at the time, and since, I should say that there is not the slightest probability of any engraving having been published of this pulpit. Sketches may have been made by private hands, but nothing I believe in this way has ever been given to the public. I have long taken a deep interest in everything, pertaining to Richard Baxter. I some years ago collected ninety-seven out of the one hundred and sixty-eight works which he wrote, most of them the original editions, and principally on controversial subjects. After they had served the purpose for which I purchased them, I parted with them, reserving to myself the first editions of the choicest of his practical writings. The folio edition of his works contains only his practical treatises. One of the most remarkable facts connected with the history of Baxter, is the prodigious amount of mechanical drudgery to which he must have patiently submitted in the production of his varied publications. He had a very delicate frame: he was continually unwell, and often greatly afflicted. To this constant ailment of body he refers in a very affecting note in his _Paraphrase on the New Testament_ under the fifth verse in the fifth chapter of the Gospel of St. John. The reference is to the impotent man at the pool of Bethesda, who had an infirmity thirty and eight years.

_Note._ "How great a mercy is it, to live eight and thirty years
under God's wholesome discipline? How inexcusable was this man, if
he had been proud, or worldly, or careless of his everlasting
state? O my God! I thank thee for the like discipline of eight and
fifty years. How safe a life is this, in comparison of full
prosperity and pleasure."

His ministerial duties were of an arduous nature, and yet he found time to write largely on theological subjects, and to plunge perpetually into theological controversy. The _Saint's Rest_, by which his fame will ever be perpetuated, was published in 1619, 4to. It is in four parts, and dedicated respectively to the inhabitants of Kidderminster, Bridgenorth, Coventry, and Shrewsbury. It was the first book he wrote, and the second he published (_The Aphorisms of Justification_ being the first published): it was written under the daily expectation of dying. The names of Brook, Hampden, and Pym, which have a place in the first edition, are, singularly enough, omitted in the later ones. Fifty years after the appearance of the _Saint's Rest_, and a few months only before his death, he published the strangest of all his productions; it is--

"The Certainty of the World of Spirits, fully evinced by
unquestionable Histories of Apparitions and Witchcrafts,
Operations, Voices, &c. Proving the Immortality of Souls, the
Malice and Misery of Devils and the Damned, and the Blessedness of
the Justified. Written for the Conviction of Sadducees and
Infidels."

12mo. 1691.

His _Reliquiæ Baxterianæ_, folio, 1686, is the text-book for the actual every-day life of this eminent divine.

H. M. BEALBY.

North Brixton.

LATIN SONG BY ANDREW BOORDE.

The life of this "progenitor of Merry Andrew," as he is termed, would, if minutely examined, doubtless prove a curious piece of biography. Wood furnishes many particulars, but some of his statements want confirmation. He tells us that Boorde was borne at Pevensey in Sussex; but Hearne corrects him, and says it was at Bounds Hill in the same county. It then becomes a question whether he was educated at Winchester school. Certain it is that he was of Oxford, although he left without taking a degree, and became a brother of the Carthusian order in London. We next find him studying physic in his old university, and subsequently travelling through most parts of Europe, and even of Africa. On his return to England, he settled at Winchester, and practised as a physician. Afterwards we find him in London occupying a tenement in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. This appears to have been the period when, in his professional capacity, King Henry VIII. is said to have consulted him. How long he remained in London is uncertain, but in 1541 he was living at Montpelier in France, where he is supposed to have taken the degree of doctor in physic, in which he was afterwards incorporated at Oxford. He subsequently lived at Pevensey, and again at Winchester. At last we find him a prisoner in the Fleet--the cause has yet to be learned,--at which place he died in April, 1549. The following curious relic is transcribed from the flyleaf of a copy of _The Breviary of Health_, 4to., London, 1547. It is signed "Andrew Boord," and if not the handwriting of the facetious author himself, is certainly that of some one of his cotemporaries:

"Nos vagabunduli,
Læti, jucunduli,
Tara, tantara teino.
Edimus libere,
Canimus lepide,
Tara, &c.
Risu dissolvimur,
Pannis obvolvimur,
Tara, &c.
Multum in joculis,
Crebro in poculis,
Tara, &c.
Dolo consuimus,
Nihil metuimus,
Tara, &c.
Pennus non deficit,
Præda nos reficit,
Tara, &c.
Frater Catholice,
Vir apostolice,
Tara, &c.
Dic quæ volueris
Fient quæ jusseris,
Tara, &c.
Omnes metuite
Partes gramaticæ,
Tara, &c.
Quadruplex nebulo
Adest, et spolio,
Tara, &c.
Data licencia,
Crescit amentia,
Tara, &c.
Papa sic præcipit
Frater non decipit
Tara, &c.
Chare fratercule,
Vale et tempore,
Tara, &c.
Quando revititur,
Congratulabimur,
Tara, &c.
Nosmet respicimus,
Et vale dicimus,
Tara, &c.
Corporum noxibus
Cordium amplexibus,
Tara tantara teino."

Andrew Boorde's printed works are as follows:

1. _A Book of the Introduction to Knowledge_, 4to., London, 1542.

2. _A Compendious Regiment or Dietary of Health, made at Mountpyller_, 8vo., 1542.

3. _The Breviary of Health_, 4to., London, 1547.

4. _The Princyples of Astronomye_, 12mo., R. Copland, London, n. d.

Wood tells us he wrote "a book on prognosticks," and another "of urines." _The Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham_ are also ascribed to him, as well as _A Right Pleasant and Merry History of the Mylner of Abington_, &c.

The origin of the _Merry Tales_ is pointed out by Horsfield, in his _History of Lewes_, vol. i. p. 239.:--

"At a _last_, holden at Pevensey, Oct. 3, 24 Hen. VIII., for the
purpose of preventing unauthorised persons 'from setting nettes,
pottes, or innyances,' or anywise taking fish within the
privileges of the Marsh of Pevensey, the king's commission was
directed to John, Prior of Lewes; Richard, Abbot of Begham; John,
Prior of Mychillym; Thomas, Lord Dacre, and others ... Dr. Boorde
(the original Merry Andrew) founds his tale of the 'Wise Men of
Gotham' upon the proceedings of this meeting, Gotham being the
property of Lord Dacre, and near his residence."

The inhabitants of Gotham in Nottinghamshire have hitherto been considered the "biggest fools in christendom;" but if the above extract is to be depended upon, the _Gothamites_ of Sussex have a fair claim to a share of this honourable distinction.

The quotation from the _History of Lewes_ was first pointed out by your learned correspondent, MR. M. A. LOWER, in a communication to Mr. Halliwell's _Archæologist_, 1842, p. 129. The investigation of the origin of this popular collection of old _Joe Millerisms_ is of some importance, because upon them rests Dr. Boorde's title to be the "progenitor of Merry Andrew."

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

SHAKSPEARE NOTES.

Who was the editor of _The Poems and Plays of William Shakspeare_, eight vols. 8vo., published by Scott and Webster in 1833?

In that edition the following passage from _The Merchant of Venice_, Act III. Sc. 2., is _pointed_ in this way:--

"Thus ornament is but the guiled shore
To a most dangerous sea; the beauteous scarf
Veiling an Indian; beauty's, in a word,
The seeming truth which cunning times put on
To entrap the wisest."

To which the anonymous editor appends the following note:--

"I have deviated slightly from the folio--the ordinary reading
represents ornament as '_the beauteous scarf veiling an Indian
beauty_,' a sentence which by no means serves to illustrate the
reflexion which Bassanio wishes to enforce. Sir Thomas Hanmer
proposed to read _dowdy_ for beauty!"

My object in this quotation is not that of commending the emendation, but of affording an opportunity of recording the following reasons which induce me to reject it; not only as no improvement to the sense, but as a positive injury to it.

1st. The argument of Bassanio is directed against the deceptiveness of ornament in general, of which seeming beauty is only one of the subordinate illustrations. These illustrations are drawn from _law_, _religion_, _valour_, and _beauty_; all of which are finally summed up in the passage in question, beginning "_Thus ornament_," &c. and still further concentrated in the phrase "_in a word_." Therefore this summing up cannot refer singly to _beauty_, no more than to any other of the subordinate illustrations, but it must have general reference to adventitious ornament, against which _the collected argument_ is directed.

2ndly. The word _beauty_ is necessarily attached to Indian as designative _of sex_: "an Indian," unqualified by any other distinction, would imply a male; but an "Indian beauty" is at once understood to be a female.

3rdly. The repetition, or rather _the opposition_, of "_beauteous_" and "_beauty_," cannot seriously be objected to by any one conversant with the phraseology of Shakspeare. Were it at all necessary, many similar examples might be cited. How the anonymous annotator, already quoted, could say that the sentence, as it stands in the folio, "_by no means serves to illustrate Bassanio's reflexion_," I cannot conceive. "The beauteous scarf" is the deceptive ornament which leads to the expectation of something beneath it _better_ than an _Indian_ beauty! Indian is used adjectively, in the sense of wild, savage, hideous--just as we, at the present day, might say a Hottentot beauty; or as Shakspeare himself in other places uses the word "Ethiop:"

"Thou for whom Jove would swear
Juno but an Ethiop were."

"_Her mother was her painting._"--_Cymbeline_, Act III. Sc. 4.--I have read Mr. Halliwell's pamphlet upon this expression, noticed in "N. & Q." of the 10th of April (p. 358.) I would beg to suggest to that gentleman that he has overlooked one text in Shakspeare that would tell more for his argument than the whole of those he has cited. All his examples are drawn from the word _father_, metaphorically applied in the sense of _creator_ to inanimate objects; and the same sense he extends, by analogy, to _mother_. But in the following lines from _As You Like It_ (Act III. Sc. 5.), _mother_ is directly used as a sort of warranty of female beauty! Rosalind is reproving Phebe for her contempt of her lover, and in derision of her beauty, she asks:

"Who might be your mother?
That you insult, exult, and all at once,
Over the wretched?"

Now if Phebe had been one who _smothered her in painting_, an appropriate answer to Rosalind's question might have been--her mother was _her painting_!

Most certainly, this latter phrase is the more graceful mode of expressing the idea--far more in unison with the language one would expect from the refined, the delicate, the bewitching Imogen--from her who wished to set "_that parting kiss betwixt two charming words_."

A. E. B.

Leeds.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE STUTTGART SOCIETY.

The following is a list of the works which have appeared under the auspices of the Stuttgart Society, referred to in my Note respecting Felix Faber:--

I. 1. Closener's Strassburgische Chronik.

2. Des Ritters Georg von Ehingen Reisen.

(_a_). Nach der Ritterschaft.

(_b_). Æneas Sylvius Piccolomineus de Viris illustribus.

(_c_). Ott Ruland's Handlungsbuch.

(_d_). Codex Hirsaugiensis.

II.-IV. Fratris Felicis Fabri Evagatorium, 3 vols.

V. (_a_). Die Weingartner Liederhandschrift.

(_b_). Italiänische Lieder des Hohenstaufischen Hofes in Sicilien.

VI. Briefe der Prinzessin Elisabeth Charlotte v. Orleans an die Raugräfin Louise (1676-1722).

VII. (_a_). Des Böhmischen Herrn Leo's von Rozmital Reise durch die Abendländer in den Jahren 1465, 1466, und 1467.

(_b_). Die Livländische Reimchronik.

VIII. Chronik des Edlen En Ramon Muntaner.

IX. (_a_). Bruchstück über den Kreuzzug Friederichs I.

(_b_). Ein Buch von guter Speise.

(_c_). Die alte Heidelberger Liederhandschrift.

X. Urkunden, Briefe und Actenstücke zur Geschichte Maximilians I. und seiner Zeit.

XI. Staatspapiere zur Geschichte des Kaisers Karl V.

XII. Das Ambraser Liederbuch vom Jahre 1582.

XIII. Li Romans d'Alixandre par Lambert, Li Tors et Alexandre de Bernay.

XIV. Urkunden zur Geschichte des Schwäbischen Bundes (1488-1533), Erster Theil, 1488-1506.

XV. Cancionero Geral I.

XVI. (_a_). Carmina Burana (from a MS. of thirteenth century).

(_b_). Albert v. Beham u. Regerten Papst Innocenz IV.

XVII. Cancionero Geral II.

XVIII. Konrads von Weinsberg Einnahmen- und Ausgaben-Register.

XIX. Das Habsburg.-Oesterreichische Urbarbuch.

XX. Hadamars v. Laber Jagd.

XXI. Meister Altswert.

XXII. Meinauer Naturlehre (_circa_ 1300).

XXIII. Der Ring, von Heinrich Wittenweiler.

XXV. Ludolfi de Itinere terræ sanctæ liber (_circa_ 1350).

Vol. XXIV. is in the press.

F. NORGATE.

MANUSCRIPT SHAKSPEARE EMENDATIONS.

Your able correspondent MR. S. W. SINGER, in Vol. v., p. 436., gives his positive adhesion to MR. COLLIER'S emendation of the corruption "bosom multiplied" in _Coriolanus_, Act III. Sc. 1. Agreeing with MR. SINGER in his opinion of the value of this emendation, there is yet an importance attached to it which I feel sure MR. COLLIER will not object to have pointed out, although doubtlessly all the argument respecting the _sources_ of his early MS. corrections will be carefully considered in the volume he so liberally intends presenting to the Shakspeare Society. Shakspearian criticism is a field so open to varied opinions, and is a subject on which so few can be brought exactly to agree, it is a mere chance if, in addressing these few lines, I in any degree anticipate MR. COLLIER'S conclusions.

MR. COLLIER'S discovery was, perhaps, of even greater interest to myself than to others, not merely on account of its being an important evidence for the state of the text, _but because I had long since had the opportunity of using a volume of precisely similar character_, namely, the copy of the third folio, with numerous MS. emendations in a coeval hand, mentioned by Lowndes, p. 1646., as having some years since sold for 65_l._, on account of those MS. emendations. This volume contains several hundred very curious and important corrections, amongst which I may mention an entirely new reading of the difficult passage at the commencement of _Measure for Measure_, which carries conviction with it, and shows, what might have been reasonably expected, that _that to_ is a misprint _for a verb_. There are numerous other corrections of equal importance, but I forbear at present to notice them, under the conviction it is not safe to adopt MS. corrections, unless we know on what authority they are made. It was on this account I ventured to indicate the extreme danger of adopting any of the MS. readings of MR. COLLIER'S second folio, without a most rigid examination, or until their authority was unquestionably ascertained. Now, in MR. COLLIER'S first two communications to the _Athenæum_ there was scarcely a single example which indicated it was derived from an authentic source, but many, on the other hand, which could be well believed to be mere guess-work; and it was rather alarming to see the readiness with which they were received, threatening the loss of Shakspeare's genuine text.

A ray of light, however, at length appears in the new reading in _Coriolanus_. This, more than any other, gives hopes of important results; and it does something more than this: it opens a reasonable expectation that the MS. corrector had, in some cases, recollection of the passages as they were delivered in representation. Once establish a probability of this, and although many of the corrections must still be looked upon as conjectural, the volume will be of high value. The correction "_bisson multitude_" seems to me to be clearly one of those alterations that no conjectural ingenuity could have suggested. The volume has evidently been used for stage purposes; and it may be taken as almost beyond a doubt that that particular correction was made on authority. We can scarcely imagine that authority to be a MS. of the play, and are therefore thrown on the supposition the corrector sometimes altered from memory, and sometimes from conjecture, writing as he thought Shakspeare _ought_ to have written, even if he did not.

It is scarcely necessary to say these observations are grounded solely on what is already before the public. The appearance of MR. COLLIER'S volume may modify their effect either one way or the other; and perhaps I am committing a literary trespass on my friend's manor in thus prematurely entering into an argument on the subject. But MR. COLLIER, with his usual liberality, has invited rather than deprecated discussion; and having expressed in print opinions grounded on his first two communications, it would be uncandid in me not to acknowledge they are in some degree modified by the very important correction since published.

J. O. HALLIWELL.

THE GRAVE-STONE OF JOE MILLER.

In consequence of the disfranchisement of St. Clement's burial-ground, Portugal Street, Clare Market, the last memorial of "honest Jo" is condemned for removal; and this being the case, I have forwarded for "N. & Q." a copy of the inscription. The epitaph written by Stephen Duck, and the stone itself, were, about the beginning of the present century, in jeopardy of obliteration, but for the compassion of Mr. Bulgen, the grave-digger; and being still in a very bad condition, Mr. Buck a few years afterwards repaired it. The following is the inscription:

"Here Lye the Remains of
honest Jo. Miller
who was
a tender Husband,
a sincere Friend,
a facetious Companion,
and an excellent Comedian.
He departed this Life the 15th day of
August 1738, aged 54 years.

If humour, wit, and honesty could save
The humorous, witty, honest from the grave,
The grave had not so soon this tenant found,
Whom honesty, and wit, and humour crowned;
Could but esteem and love preserve our breath,
And guard us longer from this stroke of death,
The stroke of death on him had later fell,
Whom all mankind esteemed and loved so well.

S. DUCK.

From respect to social worth,
mirthful qualities, and histrionic excellence,
commemorated by poetic talent, humble life,
the above inscription, which Time
had nearly obliterated, has been restored
and transferred to this stone by order of

MR. JARVIS BUCK, Churchwarden.

A.D. 1816."

UNICORN.

FOLK LORE.

_Swearing on a Skull._--In April, 1851, a man was committed to Mayo prison for cutting off the head of a corpse but a few days interred. His object in severing the head was that of clearing himself of some imputed crime by swearing on a skull, a superstition said to be very common in that part of Ireland.

PHILIP S. KING.

_New Moon._--If, when you look at the new moon for the first time, you think of one particular thing which you greatly desire to have, or to have accomplished, your wishes on that same point will be realised before the close of the year.

R. VINCENT.

_Rust._--If, without any neglect on your part, but even with care, articles of steel belonging to you, such as keys, knives, &c., continually become rusty, some kindhearted person is laying up money for _your_ benefit.

This superstitious notion is very prevalent in Wales.

R. VINCENT.

Minor Notes.

_Epitaph at Low Moor._--The following curious epitaph is on a tombstone in the Low Moor churchyard, near this town:--

"In Memory of Christopher Barlow, Blacksmith, of Raw Nook, who
died Oct. 9th, 1824, aged 56.

"My stithy and my hammer I reclin'd;
My bellows, too, have lost their wind;
My fire's extinguish'd, and my forge decay'd,
And in the silent dust my vice is laid.
My coal is spent, my stock of iron's gone,
My last nail driven, and my work is done."

C. WILLIAMS.

Bradford, Yorkshire.

_Sir Thomas Overbury's Epitaph._--I do not think that the epitaph of the unfortunate Sir Thomas Overbury, poisoned by Carr, Earl of Somerset, in 1613-14, has ever been published. I send it to you, copied from a manuscript on a blank leaf of a black-letter copy of Howe's _Abridgement of Stow's Chronicle_ in my possession.

"1614.
SR. THOMAS OVERBURY HIS EPITAPH.

"The Span of my daies measured, heare I rest
That is my body, but my Soule his Guest
Is hence assended whither neither Tyme
Nor Fayth nor Hope: but only Love can Clyme.
Wheare beinge nowe enlightned Shee doeth knowe
The trueth of all men argue of belowe.
Only this Dust doeth heare in pawne remaine,
That when the Worlde dissolves, Shee com againe.
THOMAS OVERBURY,
1614."

RICHARD F. LITTLEDALE.

Dublin.

_Bibliotheca Literaria._--I possess a copy of the _Bibliotheca Literaria_, 1722-4, in which the names of some of the authors are appended in manuscript to various papers, as follows:

In No. 4., Dr. Brett's name is appended to the first paper.

In No. 5., the first paper, concerning the pillar of fire and cloud, has the name "Sam. Jebb."

In No. 6., the third paper has the name of Dr. Brett; also, the first in

No. 7., continuation of it.

In No. 8., the first and third papers have "Carol. Ashton;" the second, Dr. Brett.

In No. 9. the first and second papers have "Thos. Wagstaffe."

Finally, the second in No. 10. has the name of Dr. Brett.

In the hope that this may be of some utility, I send it, on the chance that these names may not have been published already, which I have not time to ascertain.

W. H. S.

Edinburgh.

[All the above contributors to this valuable literary journal were
Nonjurors. It may not be generally known that the principal editor
was Samuel Jebb, M.D., of Peter House, Cambridge, who subsequently
attached himself to the Nonjurors, and accepted the office of
librarian to the celebrated Jeremy Collier. Dr. Jebb was also
assisted by Mr. Wasse, Dr. Wotton, Dr. Jortin, Dr. Pearce, and
others.--ED.]

_Inscription at Dundrah Castle._--In the course of a summer spent in Argyleshire, I paid a visit to old Dundrah, or Dundarrow Castle, which stands between Inverary and Cairndhu, on the southwest. It is now a small farm-house. The tenant refused me admission under half-a-crown, so I contented myself with a survey of the exterior. Over the doorway I found the following inscription carved in the stone:

"I ' MAN ' BEHALD ' THE ' END ' DE ' NOCHT '
VISER ' NOR ' HEIEST ' HOIP ' IN ' GOD."

The meaning is evident, though what connexion it has with the old castle I am not able to say. I send it you, as I have not seen it noted in any book.

C. M. I.

_Derivation of Charing._--Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his most entertaining work, _The Handbook of London_, tells us that the origin of _Charing Cross_ has never been discovered.

It lies buried in the venerable pages of Somner and Skinner. It was first propounded by the former in his Notes on Lipsius, appended to Meric Causaubon's _Commentatio de Quatuor Linguis_, in v. SCURGI. The A.-S. _cyrrung_ (from _cyrran_, avertere) is, as he tells us, _aversio_:

"Atque hinc, a viarum (scil.) et platearum diverticulis, ut in
compitis, pluribus apud nostrates locis hoc nomen olim inditum,
quod postea in _Cerring_ mutatum, tandem transiit (ut nunc dierum)
in _Charing_; quomodo quadrivium sive compitum illud nuncupatur in
suburbiis Londinensibus, ab occidente, prope Westmonasterium,
_Charing Crosse_, vulgo dictum; _Crosse_ addito, ob crucem ibidem,
ut in compitis solitum, olim erectam."

Q.

Queries.

POEM BY NICHOLAS BRETON.

I have recently purchased a small manuscript in quarto, containing fifteen leaves, written about the year 1590, which consists of a poem in six cantos, without title or name of the author, but which, I feel convinced, from the style, is one of the numerous works of Nicholas Breton. In the hope that some of your correspondents may be able to identify the poem, which may possibly be printed in some of Breton's very rare works, I subjoin the commencing stanzas:

"Where should I finde that melancholy muse,
That never hard of any thinge but mone,
And reade the passiones that her pen doth use,
When she and sorrow sadlye sitt alone
To tell the world more then the world can tell
What fits indeed most fitlye figure hell.

"Lett me not thinke once of the smalest thought
May speake of less then of the greatest gref,
Wher every sence with sorrowes overwrought
Lives but in death, dispayring of relef,
While thus the harte with torments torne asunder
Maye of the worlde be cal'd the wofull wonder."

These two stanzas are by no means favourable specimens of the entire poem, but I prefer to give them, because the work itself may be printed. If it appears, on inquiry, to be still inedited, I may venture to submit a few other extracts from it of a more illustrative character. Our bibliographers would be more useful guides, were they always to give the first lines of old poems. I have a tolerably good library, but can find no work sufficiently descriptive of Breton's works to enable me to trace the above.

H.

THE VIRTUOSI, OR ST. LUKE'S CLUB.

Where is to be found that intensely interesting MS. Lot 120., Sixth Day's Sale, at Strawberry Hill, a _folio tract_ entitled _The "Virtuosi," or St. Luke's Club, held at the Rose Tavern, first established by Sir Anthony Vandyke; with Autographs of all the eminent Artists of the day_?

Such is the account of Mr. George Robins, to the sound of whose hammer it fell, let us hope, into worthy hands.

By the aid of a note made whilst the several precious contents of that "Gothic Vatican of Greece and Rome," as I think Pope described it, were on view, I hope to whet the appetite of some of our literary vultures:

"Rose Tavern, Mar. 5. 1697.

"An order for raising an annual fund for pictures; with twenty
names of stewards."

What say you, Mr. Editor, to such subscribing parties as, among others, "Grinling Gibbons, Michael Dahl, J. Closterman, and Christopher Wren?" I cannot remember more, but I think "Alex. Verrio" was among them.

Mem. the second: as entries in a sort of journal:

"That our steward, John Chicheley, Esquire, gave us this day a
Westphalia Ham, which had been omitted in his entertainment on St.
Luke's day."

Again:

"Paid and spent at Spring Gardens, by Knightsbridge, forfeiture
£3 15_shgs._"

Why, Mr. Editor, here are the new Roxburgh Revels of the Knights of the Brush and Palette. And now that the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the day is expected to take out his diploma, and the ex-Premier is to be the new Professor of Perspective, _vice_ the author of the _Fallacies of Hope_, it becomes a question of prevailing interest, which I commend to the research of your dilettanti querists. It may be a thread of connexion with those stores of precious materials obtained by Walpole from the widow of that persevering investigator George Virtue.

J. H. A.

THE RABBIT AS A SYMBOL.

The 29th vol. of the _Archæologia_ contains an interesting "description of a monumental effigy of Richard Coeur de Lion, recently discovered in the cathedral of Notre Dame at Rouen," by Alfred Way, Esq., who, with his usual precision, has noticed what he very properly calls "some singular details" beneath the figure of the lion crouching at the king's feet; among these details is "the head of _a rabbit_[1] peeping out of its burrow, and, a little above, a dog warily watching the mouth of the hole." Mr. Way adds:

"I have met with nothing among the accessory ornaments of
monumental sculpture analogous to this; and though convinced that
what in itself may appear a trifling detail, _was not placed here
without design_, I am quite at a loss to conjecture what could
have been its import."

[Footnote 1: Mr. Way says _a hare_ or rabbit, forgetting that the
hare does not burrow.]

The same symbol or device, well known to all lovers of ancient wood-engraving, appears in some of the earliest specimens of that art. It is found in an impression of one of the oldest known playing-cards, representing the knave of diamonds, now in the print-room of the British Museum, of which a fac-simile is inserted at p. 214. of Chatto's _History of Playing Cards_. Another instance of this device occurs (without the dog) in an old woodcut, dated 1418, discovered a few years ago at Malines, of which a copy appeared in the _Athenæum_ of Oct. 4, 1845. And a third example is contained in that celebrated and unique woodcut of St. Christopher, dated 1423, in the possession of Earl Spencer, copies of which may be found in Janson's _Essai sur l'Origine de la Gravure_, and in Ottley's work. Being as fully convinced as Mr. Way that the symbols he observed on the effigy of Richard at Rouen were _never introduced without design_, but that they were meant to convey some esoteric signification, I have for many years consulted both books and friends to obtain an explanation of this allegorical device, but without success. As a last resource, I address myself to the "N. & Q.," in hopes, from their having now obtained so wide a circulation, that I may receive through their medium, and the kindness of a more learned correspondent, a solution of this enigma.

P.S.--In addition to the above _four_ instances of the device of _a rabbit_ occurring in ancient sculpture and wood-engraving, a French writer, M. Th. Gautier, in the feuilleton of _La Presse_ of the 27th September, 1851, describes the Madonna of Albert Durer as being "presque toujours accompagnée _d'un lapin_," derived (in his opinion) from a "vague ressouvenir du panthéisme Germanique."

SYMBOL.

IS WYLD'S GREAT GLOBE A PLAGIARISM FROM MOLENAX?

(Vol. v., p. 467.)

Some time ago I made the following Notes, which, though they throw some light on the subject of Molineux's globe, yet they do not bear out MR. EASTWOOD'S conjecture. The first is from Richard Hakluyt's Address to the Reader in _The Principal Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation_, folio, 1589:

"Nowe, because peraduenture it would bee expected as necessarie,
that the descriptions of so many parts of the world would farre
more easily be conceiued of the Reader, by adding Geographicall
and Hydrographicall tables thereunto, thou art by the way to be
admonished that I haue contented myselfe with inserting into the
worke one of the best generall mappes of the world onely, vntill
the comming out of a very large and most exact terrestriall Globe,
collected and reformed according to the newest, secretest, and
latest discoueries, both Spanish, Portugall, and English, composed
by M. _Emmerie Mollineux_ of Lambeth, a rare Gentleman in his
profession, being therein for divers yeeres greatly supported by
the purse and liberalitie of the worshipfull marchant M. _William
Sanderson_."

My second Note is from the rare little volume by John Davis, entitled, _The Worlde's Hydrographical Discription_, 12mo., London, 1595:

"The cause why I vse this particular relation of all my
proceedinges for this discouery, is to stay this obiection, why
hath not _Dauis_ discouered this passage [the North-west] being
thrise that waies imploied, and how far I proceeded, and in what
fourme this discouery lyeth, doth appeare vpon the Globe which
Master _Sanderson_ to his verye great charge hath published, whose
labouring indevour for the good of his countrie deserueth great
fauour and commendations, made by Master _Emery Mullineux_, a man
wel qualited, of a good iudgement and verye expert in many
excellent practises, in myselfe being the onely meane with Master
_Sanderson_ to imploy Master Mullineux therein, whereby he is nowe
growne to a most exquisite perfection."

P. 25.

And here a Query may not be out of place. Whose account of Iceland does Nash refer to?

In the writings of our early navigators, there is frequent allusion to terrestrial globes. This of Mollineux's, for instance, contains Davis's own discoveries, and should therefore be of some importance. In the tract just quoted, Davis says:

"It is wel knowne that we haue globes in the most excellent
perfection of arte, and haue the vse of them in as exquisite sort,
as Master _Robert Hues_ in his book of the globes vse, lately
published, hath at large made known."

P. 41.

And in an unpublished MS. relating to Sir Thomas Button's voyage, addressed to King James I. in 1610, the writer says:

"I haue left wth Mr. Wright in yor librarie att St James, _a hand
globe terrestriall_ for demonstra[=c]on of these."

Do any of the globes exist, and where?

As I am about to reprint Davis's tract with additional illustrations, including the MS. above referred to, I shall be glad to receive any particulars of the life of Davis, and of his connexion with that great patron of discovery, William Sanderson; of his death, any reference to his autograph, and to any authentic portrait of him.

JOHN PETHERAM.

Minor Queries.

_Poem on the Burning of the Houses of Parliament._--On the 17th of October, 1834, the houses of parliament were burnt down, and I believe you will recollect that very soon afterwards a long serio-comic poem was published, detailing the event; the following stray morsels of which just occur to me:

"And poor Mrs. Wright,
Was in a great fright,
For she swore that night,
She saw a great light."

Again--

"She felt a great heat
Come thro' to her feet,
As she sat herself down
In the black rod seat."

I wish very much to find out this poem, or whatever else it may be called; can you assist me? I am told it was published in one of the weekly papers at the time, probably the _Sunday Times_ or _Dispatch_.

T. B.

Exeter.

_Newton's Library._--In 1813, Leigh and Sotheby sold the books of Mrs. Anne Newton, professing to contain the collection of Newton's own books. As it is fully believed that no _personal_ property of Newton descended to any relatives of his name, how is this pretension explained? The statement is copied from Sotheby's catalogue of sales into Hartwell Horne's _Bibliography_, and will be credited at a future time, if not now called in question.

M.

_Meaning of Royd._--What is the meaning of the word _Royd_, which is attached to the names of so many persons and places in Yorkshire, as Ackroyd, Learoyd, Brownroyd, and Boltonroyd?

C. W.

_The Cromwell Family._--I have in my possession a document, which shows that my great-grandfather, "William Cromwell of London," mason, was admitted into

"The freedom aforesaid, and sworn in the Mayoralty of Thomas
Wright, Esq., Mayor, and John Wilkes, Esq., Chamberlain; and is
entered in the book signed with the letter A., relating to the
purchasing of freedom and the admission of freemen, (to wit) the
4th day of April, in the 26th year of the reign of King George the
Third, and in the year of our Lord 1786. In witness whereof," &c.

The parchment bears the initials "J. W."

I am anxious to learn, from some of your numerous correspondents, whether this person once lived near Bath, and then at Hammersmith? and, secondly, whether he was descended from the Protector?

J. G. C.

_Sir John Darnell, Knt._--Who was Sir John Darnell, whom did he marry, who were his father and mother, and what arms did he bear? His daughter Mary was married to the Hon. Robert Ord, Lord Chief Baron of Scotland (alive in 1773). Any other particulars regarding his family will be gratefully received by

E. N.

_Royal "We."_--Can you inform me when, and under what circumstances, the use by royalty in Europe sprung up, of using the plural "we" instead of "I," the first person singular?

FRANCIS J. GRUBB.

_Gondomar._--Mr. Macaulay, in one of his "Essays," remarks,

"The skill of the Spanish diplomatists was renowned throughout
Europe. In England the name of Gondomar is still remembered."

True, oft have I heard of thee, Count Gondomar, and have read from time to time divers anecdotes of thy wit and wisdom, quips and quiddities. But is it not passing strange that this man, this Spanish Don, who, as is well known, exercised such a powerful influence over the weak-minded "Solomon of Whitehall," and who, moreover, bore so large a share in the murder of the brave and highly gifted Raleigh, should be excluded from a niche in the biographical temple; for such I am told is the case. Having deputed a friend to make search for me in the several biographical dictionaries, he reports that the name of Gondomar is _not_ to be found in the best book of the kind, the _Biographie Universelle_, nor in the dictionaries of Rose and Chalmers. This desideratum will, I confidently hope, ere long be supplied through the medium of "N. & Q.," by some of its learned contributors.

W. STANLEY SIMMONDS.

_Wallington's Journal._--At the sale of the library of Mr. Joseph Gulston, 1784, was sold a Journal of Mr. Nehemiah Wallington, a Puritan divine, written in the year 1630. This volume probably contains some curious matters respecting the Puritans of the day; and, as it is much desired, should any person know of its whereabouts, I should feel much obliged by a note of it.

R.

_Epistola Luciferi, &c._--Nicolas Oresmius, or d'Oresme, bishop of Lisieux, who died in 1382, wrote _Epistola Luciferi ad prælatos Ecclesiæ_, afterwards printed, Magd. 1549, 8vo., and in Wolf's _Lect. Memor._, vol. i. p. 654. So far Fabricius. Who was Lucifer? I mean, was he the potentate who goes by the opposite name of the Prince of Darkness? And what is the tenor of his letter? The bishop was a quiet man, of orthodox fame, and tutor to a king of France.

M.

_Cambrian Literature._--Being a collector of works on Druidical remains and Cambrian history, I shall feel greatly favoured if any of your numerous readers will answer me the following questions, viz.:--

1st. The name of the first book or commentary _printed_ in any language abroad, _previous_ to the introduction of printing into England, actually written by a _Cambrian_?

2nd. The first book _printed_ in the English language, _actually written_ by a Cambrian then living?

3rd. The first and second books _printed_ in England in the _Welsh_ language?

4th. The first book printed in the Welsh language abroad?

5th. The first book printed in the Welsh language in Wales?

6th. The most _ancient author_ in MSS. and in print who mentions Stonehenge and Aubury; also the monument called Cromlêch?

7th. Who has on sale the most extensive collection of Welsh books, and those relating to British history?

P. B. W

7. Harrington Street, Regent's Park.

"VCRIMDR" _on Coins of Vabalathus_ (Vol. v., p. 148.).--As no professed Oriental scholar has directed any attention to this word yet, and as, although root in the words Karimat and Akram appears the same, the analogy to VCRIMDR is not very obvious, I may mention that on searching further I have found the adjective _Ucr_, with the various meanings, _weighty_, _precious_, _esteemed_, _honourable_. I leave it to Orientalists to tell us if VCRIMDR is a compound or an inflexion of _Ucr_. I regret that owing to a peculiarity in my handwriting, De Gauley was twice substituted for De Sauley in my last note, Vol. v., p. 149.

W. H. S.

Edinburgh.

_Lines on Woman._--

"Oh, woman! thou wert born to bless
The heart of restless man; to chase his care;
To charm existence by thy loveliness,
Bright as a sunbeam--as the morning fair.
If but thy foot trample on a wilderness,
Flowers spring up and shed their roseate blossoms there."

Will any of your readers be kind enough to favour me with the completion of the above stanza, as well as to state who is the author of the same?

J. T.

_Penkenol._--John Aubrey, the antiquary, in his _Collections for North Wilts_, Part I. p. 51. (Sir Thomas Phillips's edition), describing the stained glass in Dauntsey Church, uses the following expression:

"Memorandum. The crescents in these coats: Therefore Sir John
[Danvers] was not the _penkenol_."

The word is correctly printed from the original MS. Can any of your readers explain its meaning?

J. E. J.

_Fairfax Family Mansion._--On the right-hand side of the road between Tadcaster and Thorpe Arch, Yorkshire, extends the domain of the Fairfax family. The mansion, a comfortable old fashioned red-brick Tudor-looking structure, stands some two hundred yards back in the grounds through which, from the road to the front door of the house, extends a fine avenue of chestnuts, terminated at the roadside by a pair of venerable, rusty, and decaying iron gates _which are kept closed_; the entrance to the park being by a sort of side gateway of insignificant and field-like appearance further on. Can any of your readers give me the facts, or the local tradition which accounts for this peculiarity? I believe it is a family incident of somewhat historical interest, and a subject on which I am desirous of information.

G. W.

_Postman and Tubman in the Court of Exchequer._--In the _Legal Observer_ of the 24th April, I find the following:

"LAW PROMOTION.--Mr. James Wilde has been appointed to the office
of _Postman_, in the Court of Exchequer. The _Postman_ is the
senior counsel without the bar attending the court, and has
pre-audience of the attorney and solicitor-general in making the
first motion upon the opening of the court. The _Tubman_ is the
next senior counsel without the bar. The _Postman_ and _Tubman_
have particular places assigned them by the Chief Baron in open
court."

My Query is, from whence and at what date these two offices sprang into existence, with a list of the persons who have occupied them. And it would be as well to inquire what their duties are: for although Stephen's _Blackstone_ derives the names from the _places_ in which the individuals themselves _sit_, still the explanation hardly conveys sufficient to gather what their duties are.

JOHN NURSE CHADWICK.

_Second Exhumation of King Arthur's Remains._--What chronicle narrates the circumstances of the _second_ disinterment of King Arthur's bones in Glastonbury, temp. Edw. I. (A.D. 1298)?

H. G. T.

_Stukeley the Antiquary, and Boston._--In _Anecdotes of British Topography, &c._ (Lond. 1768), occurs the following, speaking of Boston:--

"The Churchwardens' account from 1453 to 1597, and the town-book,
wrote by Mr. John Stukeley, 1676, one of his (Dr. Stukeley's)
ancestors, are in the hands of the Doctor's son-in-law, Mr.
Fleming."

Query, into whose hands have the above records fallen? Did Stukeley leave a family?

The name of "Wm. Stukeley" is appended to sundry parish records, anno 1713, at Boston. I believe he practised here for some years.

THOMAS COLLIS.

_Letters of Arthur Lord Balmerino._--Can any one inform me if there are any letters extant of Arthur, seventh Lord Balmerino, and where they are deposited?

W. PELHAM A.

Rochester.

_Portrait of Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland._--Is any portrait known of Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who was beheaded at York, A.D. 1572, for the part he took in the "Rising in the North?"

E. PEACOCK, Jr.

_Newtonian System._--Is it known who was the author of a satirical pamphlet against Newton: _The Theology and Philosophy in Cicero's "Somnium Scipionis" explained_, London, 1751, 8vo.? And has an absurd story which it contains, relative to Newton, Locke, and Lord Pembroke visiting Patrick, the barometer-maker, to be shown that the mercurial vacuum was not a perfect one, ever been told elsewhere?

M.

_Antiquity of Vanes._--We are informed by Baron Maseres, as quoted by Lingard, that the Danes, in the last invasion by Sweyn, 1013, had vanes in the shape of birds or dragons fixed on their masts, to point out the direction of the wind. Is there any record of an earlier adoption of this method of ascertaining the way of the wind?

B. B.

_Richard of Cirencester de Situ Britanniæ._--Is this work a forgery or not? Charles Julius Bertram, Professor of English in the Royal Marine Academy at Copenhagen, wrote to Dr. Stukeley in 1747 that such a manuscript was in the hands of a friend of his. It was not until some time had elapsed, and after Dr. Stukeley was presented to St. George's Church, Queen Square, that he "pressed Mr. Bertram to get the manuscript into his own hands, if possible; which, at length, with some difficulty, he accomplished;" and sent to Dr. Stukeley, in letters, a transcript of the whole. Authors go on quoting from this work as genuine authority, and therefore are perhaps misleading themselves and their readers; and it would be conferring a great boon if "N. & Q." could clear up the doubt as to its authenticity.

Mr. Worsaae, the eminent Danish author, or his English translator, are exactly in the position to render this further service to antiquarian literature; and, as relating to the subject of Roman Britain, the question is of so much interest that a little trouble would not, probably, be deemed uselessly expended in the inquiry.

G. I.

_Spanish Vessels wrecked on the Irish Coast._--Is it true that sixteen Spanish vessels, with 5300 men on board, were wrecked on the coast of Ireland in 1589, and all put to the sword or hanged by the executioner, at the command of the Lord Deputy; who found that they had saved and got on shore a good deal of their treasure which he wanted to secure for himself. Where is any account of it to be found? How came Spanish ships so far north?

CYRUS REDDING.

_Analysis of Newton's Principia._--In the _Journal des Savants_ for April of this year, the celebrated mathematician Biot, in a review of the _Correspondence of Sir Isaac Newton and Cotes_ (Cambridge, 1850), makes mention, with the highest praise, of an analysis of Sir Isaac's _Principia_ contained in the _Acta Eruditorum_ for 1688. Mons. Biot says that at that time there were only two men who could have written such an analysis, Halley and Newton himself; but adds, that the style is not Halley's, being too concise and simple for him. His admiration could not have been contained within such bounds. M. Biot firmly believes that the writer of this analysis was no other than Newton himself (_ex ungue Leonem_), and earnestly calls on the learned of England and Germany to assist in discovering the origin of the analysis; should there perhaps be any means left for doing so in the literary depôts of the two countries. Permit a contributor to "N. & Q." to repeat M. Biot's inquiry through the medium of a publication far more extensively circulated in England than the _Journal des Savants_.

J. M.

Minor Queries Answered.

_Welsh Women's Hats._--What was the origin of the peculiar hat so universally worn by women of the lower orders in Wales; and at what period did it come into use?

TREBOR.

[A gentleman who has resided for the last half century in the
Principality, and to whom we submitted our correspondent's Query,
has kindly forwarded the following reply:--"I have consulted
bards, Welsh scholars, &c., and am sorry that I cannot forward any
satisfactory account of the custom alluded to by TREBOR. Some say,
we remember the time when the women wore ordinary _felt_ hats
manufactured from their own wool: one or two travelling hatters
occasionally settled at Bangor, who made and sold _beaver_ hats.
We do not think that the women here intended to adopt any
particular costume; but retained the hat as agreeing with the
peculiar close cap, and _projecting_ border, which it leaves in
view, and in _possession of its own uprightness_! The fashion is
going out; all our young people adopt the English bonnet with the
English language. The flat hat, with a broad brim, is still
retained in the mountain regions."]

_Pancakes on Shrove Tuesday._--Perhaps some of your readers will kindly inform the Pancake Eating Public as to the period "when," and the reason "why" such a custom grew into existence?

I have frequently heard the question mooted upon this anniversary, without ever hearing, or being able to give, a satisfactory elucidation of it; but it is to be hoped that "N. & Q." will supply the desideratum ere long, and confer a favour on

A LOVER OF PANCAKES AND AN UPHOLDER OF ANCIENT CUSTOMS.

Temple, Shrove Tuesday, 1852.

[Fosbrooke, in his _Encyclopædia of Antiquities_, vol. ii. p.
572., informs us that "Pancakes, the Norman _Crispellæ_, are taken
from the Fornacalia, on Feb. 18, in memory of the practice in use
before the goddess Fornax invented ovens." The Saxons called
February "Solmonath," which Dr. Frank Sayers, in his
_Disquisitions_, says is explained by Bede "Mensis placentarum,"
and rendered by Spelman, in an inedited manuscript, "Pancake
Month," because in the course of it cakes were offered by the
Pagan Saxons to the sun. So much for the "when:" now for the
reason "why" the custom was adopted by the Christian church.