Chapter I: Front Matter

OLD AND NEW PARIS

Its History, its People, and its Places

BY

H. SUTHERLAND EDWARDS

AUTHOR OF "IDOLS OF THE FRENCH STAGE" "THE GERMANS IN FRANCE" "THE RUSSIANS AT HOME" ETC. ETC.

VOL. I

_WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS_

CASSELL AND COMPANY LIMITED

_LONDON PARIS & MELBOURNE_

1893

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I......PAGE

PARIS: A GENERAL GLANCE......1

CHAPTER II.

THE EXPANSION OF PARIS

Lutetia--La Cité--Lutetia taken by Labienus--The Visit of Julian the Apostate--Besieged by the Franks--The Norman Invasion--Gradual Expansion from the Île de la Cité to the Outer Boulevards--M. Thiers's Line of Outworks.....6

CHAPTER III.

THE LEFT BANK AND THE RIGHT.

Paris and London--The Rive Gauche--The Quartier Latin--The Pantheon--The Luxemburg--The School of Medicine--The School of Fine Arts--The Bohemia of Paris--The Rive Droite--Paris Proper--The "West End".....9

CHAPTER IV.

NOTRE DAME.

The Cathedral of Notre Dame, a Temple to Jupiter--Cæsar and Napoleon--Relics in Notre Dame--Its History--Curious Legends--The "New Church"--Remarkable Religious Ceremonies--The Place de Grève--The Days of Sorcery--"Monsieur de Paris"--Dramatic Entertainments--Coronation of Napoleon.....12

CHAPTER V.

SAINT-GERMAIN-L'AUXERROIS

The Massacre of St. Bartholomew--The Events that preceded it--Catherine de Medicis--Admiral Coligny--"The King-Slayer"--The Signal for the Massacre--Marriage of the Duc de Joyeuse and Marguerite of Lorraine.....22

CHAPTER VI.

THE PONT-NEUF AND THE STATUE OF HENRI IV.

The Oldest Bridge in Paris--Henri IV.--His Assassination by Ravaillac--Marguerite of Valois--The Statue of Henri IV.--The Institute--The Place de Grève.....30

CHAPTER VII.

THE BOULEVARDS.

From the Bastille to the Madeleine--Boulevard Beaumarchais--Beaumarchais--The _Marriage of Figaro_--The Bastille--The Drama in Paris--Adrienne Lecouvreur--Vincennes--The Duc d'Enghien--Duelling--Louis XVI.....43

CHAPTER VIII.

THE BOULEVARDS (_continued_).

Hôtel Carnavalet--Hôtel Lamoignon--Place Royale--Boulevard du Temple--The Temple--Louis XVII--The Theatres--Astley's Circus--Attempted Assassination of Louis Philippe--Trial of Fieschi--The Café Turc--The Cafés--The Folies Dramatiques--Louis XVI. and the Opera--Murder of the Duke of Berri.....67

CHAPTER IX.

THE BOULEVARDS (_continued_).

The Porte Saint-Martin--Porte Saint-Denis--The Burial Place of the French Kings--Funeral of Louis XV.--Funeral of the Count de Chambord--Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle--Boulevard Poissonnière--Boulevard Montmartre--Frascati.....95

CHAPTER X.

BOULEVARD AND OTHER CAFÉS.

The Café Littéraire--Café Procope--Café Foy--Bohemian Cafés--Café Momus--Death of Molière--New Year's Gifts.....107

CHAPTER XI.

THE BOULEVARDS (_continued_).

The Opéra Comique of Paris--_I Gelosi_--The _Don Juan_ of Molière--Madame Favart--The Saint-Simonians.....115

CHAPTER XII.

THE BOULEVARDS (_continued_).

La Maison Dorée--Librairie Nouvelle--Catherine II. and the Encyclopædia--The House of Madeleine Guimard.....122

CHAPTER XIII.

PLACE DE LA CONCORDE.

Its History--Louis XV.--Fireworks--The Catastrophe in 1770--Place de la Révolution--Louis XVI.--The Directory.....143

CHAPTER XIV.

THE PLACE VENDÔME.

The Column of Austerlitz--The Various Statues of Napoleon Taken Down--The Church of Saint-Roch--Mlle. Raucourt--Joan of Arc.....155

CHAPTER XV.

THE JACOBIN CLUB.

The Jacobins--Chateaubriand's Opinion of Them--Arthur Young's Descriptions--The New Club.....161

CHAPTER XVI.

THE PALAIS ROYAL.

Richelieu's Palace--The Regent of Orleans--The Duke of Orleans--Dissipation in the Palais Royal--The Palais National--The Birthplace of Revolutions.....166

CHAPTER XVII.

THE COMÉDIE FRANÇAISE.

Its History--The _Roman Comique_--Under Louis XV.--During the Revolution--_Hernani_.....172

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE NATIONAL LIBRARY AND THE BOURSE.

The "King's Library"--Francis I. and the Censorship--The Imperial Library--The Bourse.....187

CHAPTER XIX.

THE LOUVRE AND THE TUILERIES.

The Louvre--Origin of the Name--The Castle--Francis I.--Catherine de Medicis--The Queen's Apartments--Louis XIV. and the Louvre--The Museum of the Louvre--The Picture Galleries--The Tuileries--The National Assembly--Marie Antoinette--The Palace of Napoleon III.--"Petite Provence".....193

CHAPTER XX.

THE CHAMPS ÉLYSÉES AND THE BOIS DE BOULOGNE.

The Champs Élysées--The Élysée Palace--Longchamps--The Bois de Boulogne--The Château de Madrid--The Château de la Muette--The Place de l'Étoile.....218

CHAPTER XXI.

THE CHAMP DE MARS AND PARIS EXHIBITIONS.

The Royal Military School of Louis XV.--The National Assembly--The Patriotic Altar--The Festival of the Supreme Being--Other Festivals--Industrial Exhibitions--The Eiffel Tower--The Trocadéro.....229

CHAPTER XXII.

THE HÔTEL DE VILLE AND CENTRAL PARIS.

The Hôtel de Ville--Its History--In 1848--The Communards.....242

CHAPTER XXIII.

THE PALAIS DE JUSTICE.

The Palais de Justice--Its Historical Associations--Disturbances in Paris--Successive Fires--During the Revolution--The Administration of Justice--The Sainte-Chapelle.....250

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE FIRE BRIGADE AND THE POLICE.

The Sapeurs-pompiers--The Prefect of Police--The Garde Républicaine--The Spy System.....270

CHAPTER XXV.

THE PARIS HOSPITALS.

The Place du Parvis--The Parvis of Notre Dame--The Hôtel-Dieu--Mercier's Criticisms.....276

CHAPTER XXVI.

CENTRAL PARIS.

The Hôtel de Ville--Saint-Jacques-la-Boucherie--Rue Saint-Antoine--The Reformation.....281

CHAPTER XXVII.

CENTRAL PARIS (_continued_).

Rue de Venise--Rachel--St.-Nicholas-in-the-Fields--The Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers--The Gaieté--Rue des Archives--The Mont de Piété--The National Printing Office--The Hôtel Lamoignon.....298

CHAPTER XXVIII.

CENTRAL PARIS (_continued_).

The Rue Saint-Denis--Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles--George Cadoudal--Saint-Eustache--The Central Markets--The General Post Office.....311

CHAPTER XXIX.

THE "NATIONAL RAZOR."

The Rue de l'Arbre Sec--Dr. Guillotin--Dr. Louis--The Guillotine--The First Political Execution.....327

CHAPTER XXX.

THE EXECUTIONER.

The Executioner--His Taxes and Privileges--Monsieur de Paris--Victor of Nîmes.....330

CHAPTER XXXI.

PÈRE-LACHAISE.

The Cemeteries of Clamart and Picpus--Père-Lachaise--La Villette and Chaumont--The Conservatoire--Rue Laffitte--The Rothschilds--Montmartre--Clichy.....333

CHAPTER XXXII.

PARIS DUELS.

The Legal Institution of the Duel--The Congé de la Bataille--In the Sixteenth Century--Jarnac--Famous Duels.....345

CHAPTER XXXIII.

THE STUDENTS OF PARIS.

Paris Students--Their Character--In the Middle Ages--At the Revolution--Under the Directory--In 1814--In 1819--Lallemand--In the Revolution of 1830.....355

CHAPTER XXXIV.

THE RAG-PICKER OF PARIS.

The Chiffonier or Rag-picker--His Methods and Hours of Work--His Character--A Diogenes--The _Chiffonier de Paris_.....360

CHAPTER XXXV.

THE BOHEMIAN OF PARIS.

Béranger's Bohemians--Balzac's Definition--Two Generations--Henri Mürger.....365

CHAPTER XXXVI.

THE PARIS WAITER.

The Garçon--The Development of the Type--The Garçon's Daily Routine--His Ambitions and Reverses.....369