Chapter VI: Part 6

A careful study of the picture of the clog almanack will reveal other curious matters of interest.

Acrobats on Steeples.

In bygone times, the public were often entertained by the performances of acrobats on church steeples. We gather, from the brief particulars which have come down to us of the feats enacted, that they were far from elevating, and it is surprising that the acting was allowed to take place on any part of a church.

Rope dancing was provided and appreciated. At the coronation of Edward VI., a rope was stretched from the battlements of St. Paul's to a window at the Dean's gate, and the king was highly entertained by the capering of a sailor of Arragon on it.

A less successful piece of acting was attempted in 1555, when a Dutchman stood on the top of St. Paul's steeple, and waved a streamer. The wind was high, and the lights could not be kept burning to enable the public to see him. Sixteen pounds was paid for the perilous performance.

At Salisbury, a similar foolhardy trick was enacted by a man who hoped to receive a gratuity from George III. But the king declined to give anything, saying: "As the father of my people, it is my duty to reward those who save life, and not those who risk human life."

At the reception of King Philip, in 1553, we are told, "a fellow came slipping upon a cord, as an arrow out of a bow, from Paul's steeple to the ground, and lighted with his head forward on a greate sort of feather bed." This kind of feat remained popular for a long period. William Hutton, the historian, saw a man giving a similar entertainment at Derby, in 1732. Hutton's account of the affair is full of interest, and we cannot do better than quote a few particulars from it. "There are characters," wrote Hutton, "who had rather amuse the world, at the hazard of their lives, for a slender and precarious pittance, than follow an honest calling for an easy subsistence. A small figure of a man, seemingly composed of spirit and gristle, appeared in October, to entertain the town by sliding down a rope. One end of this was to be fixed at the top of All Saints' steeple, and the other at the bottom of St. Michael's, an horizontal distance of 150 yards, which formed an inclined plane extremely steep. A breast-plate of wood, with a groove to fit the rope, and his own equilibrium were to be his security, while sliding down upon his belly, with his arms and legs extended. He could not be more than six or seven seconds in this airy journey, in which he fired a pistol and blew a trumpet. The velocity with which he flew raised a fire by friction, and a bold stream of smoke followed him. He performed this wonderful exploit three successive days, in each of which he descended twice, and marched up once; the latter took him more than an hour, in which he exhibited many surprising achievements, as sitting unconcerned with his arms folded, lying across the rope upon his back, then his belly, his hams, blowing the trumpet, swinging round, hanging by the chin, the hand, the heels, the toe, etc. The rope being too long for art to tighten, he might be said to have danced upon the slack. Though he succeeded at Derby, yet, in exhibiting soon after at Shrewsbury, he fell, and lost his life."

He was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary Friars, Shrewsbury, in 1740, and over his remains was placed a tombstone, bearing the following epitaph:

"Let this small monument record the name
Of CADMAN, and to future times proclaim
How, by an attempt to fly from this high spire,
Across the _Sabrine_ stream, he did acquire
His fatal end. 'Twas not for want of skill,
Or courage to perform the task, he fell;
No, no, a faulty cord being drawn too tight
Hurried his soul on high to take her flight,
Which bid the body here beneath, good night."

Hogarth immortalised Cadman in one of his most popular pictures.

To return to Derby, we find that, in 1734, a second "flyer" visited the town. He was much older than the first performer, and less in stature. "His coat," we are told, "was in deshabille: no waistcoat; his shirt and his shoes the worse for wear; his hat, worth three-pence, exclusive of the band, which was packthread, bleached white by the weather; and a black string supplied the place of buttons to his waistband. He wisely considered, if his performances did not exceed the other's, he might as well stay at home, if he had one. His rope, therefore, from the same steeple, extended to the bottom of St. Mary's-gate, more than twice the former length. He was to draw a wheel-barrow after him, in which was a boy of thirteen. After this surprising performance, an ass was to fly down, armed as before, with a breast-plate, and at each foot a lump of lead about half a hundred. The man, the barrow, and its contents arrived safe at the end of their journey. When the vast multitude turned their eyes towards the ass, which had been braying several days at the top of the steeple for food; but, like many a lofty courtier for a place, brayed in vain; the slackness of the rope, and the great weight of the animal and his apparatus, made it seem, at setting off, as if he were falling perpendicularly. The appearance was tremendous! About twenty yards before he reached the gates of the county-hall, the rope broke. From the velocity acquired by the descent, he bore down all before him. A whole multitude was overwhelmed; nothing was heard but dreadful cries; nor seen, but confusion. Legs and arms went to destruction. In this dire calamity, the ass, which maimed others, was unhurt himself, having a pavement of soft bodies to roll over. No lives were lost. As the rope broke near the top, it brought down both chimneys and people at the other end of the street. This dreadful catastrophe put a period to the art of flying. It prevented the operator from making the intended collection; and he sneaked out of Derby as poor as he sneaked in."

The clergy in Derby, in years agone, appear to have enjoyed popular shows. When Topham, the celebrated strong man, visited the town, in 1737, he performed, among other feats, the following: "He took Mr. Chambers, vicar of All Saints', who weighed 27 stones, and raised him with one hand. His head being laid on one chair and his feet on another, four people, 14 stones each, sat upon his body, which he heaved at pleasure. He struck a round bar of iron, one inch diameter, against his naked arm, and, at one stroke, bent it like a bow. Weakness and feeling seemed fled together. Being a Master of music, he entertained the company with Mad Tom. He sung a solo to the organ in St. Werburgh's church, then the only one in Derby; but though he might perform with judgment, yet the voice, more terrible than sweet, scarcely seemed human. Though of a pacific temper, and with the appearance of a gentleman, yet he was liable to the insults of the rude. The hostler at the Virgin's Inn, where he resided, having given him disgust, he took one of the kitchen spits from the mantel-piece, and bent it round his neck like a handkerchief; but as he did not choose to tuck the ends in the hostler's bosom, the cumbrous ornament excited the laugh of the company, till he condescended to untie the iron cravat."

In 1600, Banks, and his famous horse, Morocco, ascended to the top of St. Paul's. The animal was made to override the vane, much to the astonishment of a large gathering of Londoners. It is related in one of the "Jest Books" of the period that a servant came to his master, who was walking about the middle aisle of the church, to ask him to go and witness the wonderful performance. "Away with you, fool!" answered the gentleman, "what need I go so far to see a horse on the top, when I can see so many asses at the bottom?" In France, Banks and his horse attracted much attention. At Orleans, we are told, the fame they had obtained brought Banks under the imputation of a sorcerer, and he narrowly escaped being burnt at the stake. According to Bishop Morton, Banks cleared himself by commanding his horse to "seek out one in the press of the people who had a crucifix on his hat; which done, he bade him kneel down unto it, and not this only, but also to rise up again, and to kiss it. 'And now, gentlemen,' (quoth he), 'I think my horse hath acquitted both me and himself;' and so his adversaries rested satisfied, conceiving (as it might seem) that the devil had no power to come near the cross." It is stated by several writers that Banks and his horse were burned to death at Rome, "as subjects of the Black Power of the World, by the order of the Pope." Other writers assert that he was living in the days of King Charles as a jolly vintner in Cheapside.

The most serious results of permitting acrobats to perform on churches remain to be recorded. It is related by Raine that, in 1237, Prior Melsonby was elected Bishop of Durham, and that his mitre was taken from him for encouraging a rope dancer to perform his feats on a cord stretched between the towers of the cathedral. The poor fellow fell and broke his neck.

THE END

Index.

Abjuring the realm, 4

Acrobats on steeples, 244-251

Ale at weddings, 199

Alford, plague at, 164

Armour, buried in, 219

Bainbridge horn, 79

Banks and his horse Morocco, 250

Battle Abbey, 38

Bear-baiting on Sunday, 99

Bedford bridge, 51;
prison, 51;
Bunyan, 51;
curious regulations, 51;
chapel, 51

Bernwood forest, 72

Beverley sanctuary; 14,
plague at, 160

Biddenden Maids Charity, 148-151

Bible burned, 127

Boar slaying, 74

Boiling oil, ordeal of, 24

Boiling water, ordeal of, 23

"Book of Sports," 103

Bowling on Sunday, 97

Bradford-on-Avon bridge, 53

Bradley, plague at, 166

Brentwood Church, sanctuary in, 9

Braintree, plague at, 167

Broad-stone, East Retford, 164

Bull-baiting announced in church, 92

Buried alive, 165

Burning to death, 85

Cadman killed, 247

Carlisle horn, 75

Castleton, curious custom at, 180-182

Chapels on Bridges, 44-64

Chairs, sanctuary, 15

Charter Horns, 65-79

Cheapside Cross, 138-147

Chingford horn, 78;
singular tenure, 79

Chimney money, 183-185

Clog almanack, 240

Coining by Archbishop of York, 38

Colchester, plague at, 169

Cold water ordeal, 25

Concerning Coffins, 218-226

Corpse, touching a, 28-36

Craven custom, 202

Cuming, H. Syer, 239

Cross, origin of, 120

Curfew Bell, 227-239

Curious Symbols of the Saints, 240-243

Danes, Sunday under, 83

Derby St. Mary's bridge, 54;
chapel, 55;
Jesuits, 55;
St. James bridge, 56;
plague, 161;
rope performing, 246;
Topham, 249

Durham sanctuary, 12-14;
parish-coffins, 224;
fatal accident to a rope-dancer, 251

Easingwold parish coffin, 221

Easter Sepulchre, 111-119

Eleanor, Queen, 138;
crosses, 138

Esk, bridge over, 46

Eyam cross, 121;
plague, 170-173

Executions, 25, 29, 33, 34, 36, 37, 56, 85

Fight between the Mayor of Hull and Archbishop of York, 37-43

Fined for not attending church, 108-110

Football on Sunday, 96

Friars building bridges, 44

Grave, a man making his own, 167

Hanging, 25-37

Hastings, battle of, 86

Henry I. abolishes curfew law, 233

Hoghton Tower, James at, 102

Hot ale at weddings, 199-202

Howden parish coffin, 224

Hull merchants evading prisage claims, 39;
Sunday regulations, 89;
plague at, 95

Hungerford horn, 77;
curious customs, 78

Indulgences, 45, 122

Ireland, burials without coffins, 221

Iron, red-hot ordeal, 27

King curing an Abbot of indigestion, 174-176

Kissing the Bride, 195-198

Kissing customs, 78, 107

Knox and Sunday, 98

Leicester, plague at, 158-160

Lich-gates, 139-140

Lincoln, Bishop of, claims right of hanging criminals, 37

London Bridge, 47-50;
chapel on, 48;
houses on, 48;
terrible fire, 48;
heads of traitors on, 49

Macclesfield, curious epitaph, 225

Manchester sanctuary, 6-7

Manx laws, 192

Markets on Sunday, 86-89

Marriage of a Blue-coat boy, 207

Marriages on Sunday, 98

Marrying Children, 203-209

Marrying under the gallows, 191-194

Marrying in a white sheet, 186-190

Masques on Sunday, 95

Mint belonging to Archbishop of York, 38

Murder in Westminster Abbey, 8-9

New England, Sunday in, 107-108

New York, curious marriage custom, 194

Nigel's horn, 72

Norfolk, Sunday trading in, 91

Northampton, fire at, 183;
hearth money, 184;
cross, 139, 141

Oak leaves, carrying, 179

Ordeal, origin of, 22

Oxford, play at, 95

Passing Bell, 210-217

Penance of Jane Shore, 125

Penderel's grave, 178

Plagues and Pestilences, 152-173;
business stopped, 152;
watch and ward, 153;
red crosses on doors, 154;
dogs killed, 154;
strange remedies, 155;
Newcastle, 158;
Leicester, 158;
Derby, 162;
Smoking, 163;
Broad-stone, East Retford, 164;
Alford 164;
burial of dead, 165;
buried alive, 165;
Stratford-on-Avon, 165;
Bradley, 166;
Braintree, 167;
Colchester, 169;
collections, 170;
Eyam, 170

Plays on Sunday, 92-96

Preaching, extravagant, 133

Puritans and Sunday, 101, 104-147

Pusey horn, 70

Reading Abbey, 174

Red-hot iron ordeal, 27

Rhyne Toll, 73

Right of Sanctuary, 1-21

Ringing on May 29th, 183

Romance of Trial, 23-26

Rotherham Bridge, 56;
chapel, 56

Rope dancers, 244-251

St. Paul's Cross, 120-137;
oaths taken at, 122;
thrown down by an earthquake, 122;
indulgences granted for assisting to rebuild it, 122;
penance at, 124-125;
sermon in favour of the Duke of Gloucester, 126;
Bible burned at, 127;
riot at, 128;
Queen Elizabeth's love of display, 129;
Hooker at Shunamite House, 131;
rioters at,131;
James I. at, 133;
pulled down, 136

Sales, etc., announced by parish clerks, 92

Salford bridge, 51;
chapel on, 51;
prison on, 51

Salisbury, tricks on steeple at, 245;
Cadman killed, 247

Sanctuary, origin of, 1

Sanctuary, right of, 1-21

Saxons, Sunday under, 82

Sorcery at Dalkeith, 35

Scotchman knocking at York gates, 102

Scotland, Early marriages in, 209

Secrets of the realm, disclosing, 5

Services and customs of Royal Oak Day, 179-185

Shunamite House, 131

Skelton in Westminster sanctuary, 10

Slavery in England, 84

Sports on Sunday, 100

Stafford sanctuary, 11

Stage plays in churches, 92-96

Stockton-on-Tees parish coffin, 223

Stoning to death, 85

Stratford-on-Avon, plague at, 165

Sunday in the Olden Time, 81-110

Survival of ordeal, 36

Swords, wearing, 5

Tax on coffins proposed, 225

Tewkesbury, battle of, 7

Thief, hanging a, 37

Traitors' heads on London bridge, 49

Travelling in the olden time, 79

Trial, romance of, 22-36

Tobacco fines, 108

Touch, ordeal of, 28-36

Ulphus, horn of, 65

Wakefield Bridge, 59;
chapel, 59;
battle, 60

Walking on Sunday forbidden, 107

Water ordeals, 24-25

Westminster Sanctuary, 10

Wigton, meat at church door, 90

William I. enforces curfew law, 233

Whipping to death, 86

Whitton, marriage custom at, 199

Worcester, Sunday trading at, 90;
battle of, 178

York gates closed on Sunday, 101

York bridge over Ouse, 50;
chapel, 50

Youghal parish coffin, 221

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An Outline History of Yorkshire. By THOMAS FROST.

The Cow-Devil: A Legend of Craven. By WILLIAM BROCKIE.

The First Anglo-Saxon Poet. By JOHN H. LEGGOTT, F.R.H.S.

The Battle of Brunanburgh. By FREDERICK ROSS, F.R.H.S.

Old Customs at York. By GEORGE BENSON.

Elizabethan Gleanings. By AARON WATSON.

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Some Scraps and Shreds of Yorkshire Superstitions. By W. SYDNEY, F.R.S.L.

The Salvation of Holderness. By FREDERICK ROSS, F.R.H.S.

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St. Eadwine, the Royal Martyr.
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The Murderer's Bride.
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Blackfaced Clifford.
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