Chapter X: Appendix

The following papers, marked I., II., III. are copies of those discovered among family documents in the house of Mr. H. W. S. Cleveland, of Salem, Massachusetts, several years ago. They were communicated by him to the late Mr. Henry Lunt, formerly a merchant of Boston, father of the late highly distinguished Rev. Dr. William Parsons Lunt, who died, much lamented, while on his travels, at Akaba, in Arabia. How these documents came to be deposited in Salem, it is not easy to say. It is probable, however, that copies were brought over by the "Mary and John," or the "Elizabeth and Dorcas," which appear to have wintered in Boston, after their arrival, the passengers, or such of them as saw fit and were permitted, proceeding to Ipswich, the following year (1634) and thence to the plantation which they called Newbury. It is likely, therefore, that the papers which concerned the passengers of those vessels might be taken to Salem, perhaps during Governor Endicott's administration, and placed in the hands of some official person at that place, so as to be more accessible to the home of the people in question, instead of being retained at Boston, the journey to which from Newbury was in those days a long and tedious one, to be made on foot through the wilderness.

To many persons the abstract of the Charter of Charles I., which is a very liberal one, can hardly fail to be interesting. The Orders in Council, referred to in the text, are still more so; while the list of passengers by the "Mary and John" comprises many names still to be found in Newbury. Many more familiar names will be found among those of the company which came by the "Elizabeth and Dorcas." It will be seen that in the list given are the names of Thomas Parker, an eminent divine, and of James Noyes, his nephew; the first the long respected pastor of the church and the other the "teacher" at Newbury.

I.

An Abstract of His Ma^{ty's} Charter for incorporating the Company of the Mattachusetts Bay in New England in America, Granted in the 4th yeare of His Highness' Reign of England, Scotland France & Ireland, Anno. Domini 1628--

And we do further of our especial Grace, certain Knowledge & mere mocion for us our Heirs & Successors--Give and Grant to the said Governour & Company & their Sucessors for ever by these presents, That it shall be lawfull & free for them & their Assigns at all & every Time & Times hereafter out of any of our Realms or Dominions whatsoev^{r}, to take lade carry & transport for in & into their voyages, & for & towards the said Plantation in New England all such & so many of our Loving Subjects or any other Strangers that will become our Loving Subjects & live under our Alleigeance as shall willingly accompany them in the said Voyages & Plantations, And also Shipping, Armour, Weapons, Ordnance, Munition, Powder, Shott, Corn victuals & all manner of Cloathing, Implements, Furniture, Beasts, Cattle, Horses, Mares, Merchandizes & all other things necessary for the said Plantation and for their use & Defence & for Trade with the People there & in passing & returning to & fro, any Law or statute to the Contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding--And without paying or yielding any custom or Subsidy either Inwards or Outwards, to us our Heirs or Successors for the same, by the space of seaven years from the Day of the Date of these Presents--Provided that none of the said Persons be such as shall hereafter by Especial name be restrained by us, our Heirs or Successors----

And for their further Incouragem^{t} of our Especial Grace & favor--we Do by these presents for us, our Heirs & successors yield & grant to the said Governour & Company & their successors & every of them their Factors & Assigns that they & every of them shall be free & quit from all Taxes Subsidys & Customs in New England for the space of seaven years, and from all Taxes & Impositions for the space of Twenty one years upon all Goods & merchandizes at any time or times hereafter Either upon Importation there, or Exportation thence, into our Realm of England or into any of our Dominions, by the said Governour or Company & their successors, their Deputys, Factors & Assigns or any of them except only the Five Pounds p^{r} Centum due for Custom upon all such Goods & Merchandizes as, after the said seaven years shall be expired, shall be brought or imported into our Realm of England or any other of our Dominions according to the Ancient Trade of Merchants, which Five Pounds p^{r} centum only being paid it shall be thenceforth lawfull & free for the s^{d} Adventurers the same Goods & Merchandizes to export & carry out of our Dominions into Foreign Parts without any Custom, Tax or other Duty to be paid to us our Heirs or Successors or to any other officer or officers or ministers of us our Heirs or Successors,--

Provided that the said Goods & merchandize be shipp'd out within thirteen months after their first Landing within any part of the said Dominions--

This is a true Copy of His Ma^{ties} Letters Patent aforesaid--Custom House London 30th January 1633 Anno. R. Caroli Nono--

JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, _Collector_.

II.

ORDERS IN COUNCIL.

_New England,--At Whitehall the last of February, 1633._

Present:

Lo. Arch. Bp. of Cant.
Earle of Kelley.
Lo. Keep^{r}.
Lo. Cottington.
Lo. Privie Seal
M^{r}. V. Chamb^{r}line.
Lo. High Chamb^{r}line.
M^{r}. Compt^{r}.
M^{r}. Secretary Wyndibank.

Whereas by a Warr^{t}. bearing date 22nd of this Present, the sev'all ships following bound for New England, and now lying in the River of Thames were made staye of untill further order from their Lo'pps. viz., The Clement & Job, The Reformation, The True Love, The Elizabeth Bonadventure, The Sea Flower, The Mary & John, The Planter, The Elizabeth & Dorcas, The Hercules & The Neptune.

Forasmuch as the masters of the said ships were this day called before the Board & several Particulars given them in charge to be performed in their said voyage, amongst which the said masters were to enter into several Bonds of One Hundred Pounds a piece to His Maj^{s}tys use before the Clarke of the Councell attendant to observe & cause to be observed and putt in Execucion these Articles following viz:

1. That all and every Person aboard their Ships now bound for New England as aforesaid, that shall blaspheme or profane the Holy name of God be severely punis'h't.

2. That they cause the Prayers contained in the Book of Common Prayers establisht in the Church of England, to be said daily at the usual hours for Morning & Evening Prayers & that they cause all Persons aboard their said ships to be present at the same.

3. That they do not receive aboard or transport any Person that hath not Certificate from the Officers of the Port where he is to imbarke that he hath taken both the Oathes of Alleigeance & Supremacy.

4. That upon their return into this Kingdom they Certify to the Board the names of all such Persons as they shall transport together with their Proceedings in the Execu'ion of the aforesaid Articles--Whereunto the said M^{rs}. have conformed themselves--It was therefore & for diverse other Reasons best known to their Lo^{pps}. thought fitt that for this time they should be permitted to proceed on their Voyage, and it was thereupon ordered that Gabriel Marsh Esq^{r}. Marshalle of the Admiralty, & all other His Maj'ty's Officers to whom their said Warr^{t}. was directed should be required upon sight hereof to discharge all & every the said Ships, & suffer them to depart on their intended Voyage to New England--EX. JON. MEANTYS.

III.

_The names of such Passengers as took the Oathes of Supremacy, and Alleigeance to pass for New England in the Mary & John of London Robert Sayres Master,_

24th Mar. 1633.

William Trace (Tracy)
John Marshe
John Luff
Henry Traske
William Moudey
Robert Sever
Thomas Avery
Henry Travers
Thomas Sweete
John Woodbridge
Thomas West
Thomas Savery
Christopher Osgood
Phillip Fowler
Richard Jacob
Daniel Ladd
Robert Kingsman
John Bartlett
Robert Coker
William Savery
John Anthoney (left behind)
Stephen Jurden
John Godfrey
George Browne
Nicholas Noyce
Richard Browne
Richard Reynolds
Richard Littlehall
William White
Matthew Hewlett (Hercules)
John Whelyer
William Clarke
Robert Newman
Adrian Vincent.

The 26th day of March.

Nicholas Easton
Richard Kent
Abraham Mussey
William Spencer
Henry Shorte
William Hibbens
William Ballard
Matthew Gillett
William Franklin
John Mussey
Thomas Cole
Thomas Parker
James Noyce
John Spencer
Richard Kent
Joseph Myles
John Newman
William Newbey
Henry Lunt
Joseph Pope
Thomas Newman
John Newman.

For which we gave certificate, together with five others, which are said to be left behind to oversee the Chattle to pass in the Hercules viz.

The names of the Passengers in the Hercules of London, John Kiddey Ma^{r}. for New England.

These six Passengers took their Oathes of Supremacy & Alleigeance the 24th March and were left behind the Mary & John, as intended to pass in y^{e} Hercules--viz:

John Anthony } Cert, the six first
Robert Early } to Mt'er Sayers as
William Satcome } intended.
Thomas Foster } Secondth to Mr.
William Foster } Kiddey to pass in the
Matthew Hewlett. } Hercules.

16th April, 1634.
Nathaniel Davyes
George Kinge
Thomas Rider
William Elliot
William Fifeilde
Henry Phelps.

18. These proceedings were Copyed out of an Olde Book of Orders belonging to the Port of South'ton but now remaining at the Custom house in Portsmouth the 6th Day of December 1735.

Per THOMAS WHITEHOUSE.

IV.

In regard to the costume which prevailed, among persons of wealth and standing in New England, within a century, I quote a descriptive passage from a history of Newburyport, by Mrs. E. V. Smith, published in 1854, as follows:--

"With the incoming of the nineteenth century, garments more in
conformity with present fashions took precedence of three-cornered
hats, long coats with immense pocket-folds and cuffs, but without
collars, in which the men of the eighteenth century prided
themselves; with their buttons of pure silver, or plated, of the
size of a half-dollar, presenting a great superfluity of coat and
waistcoat when contrasted with the short nether garments, ycleped
"breeches," or "small-clothes," which reached only to the knee,
being there fastened with large (?) silver buckles, which ornament
was also used in fastening the straps of shoes. The gentlemen quite
equalled the ladies at this period in the amount of finery, and the
brilliancy of colors in which they indulged. A light blue coat with
large fancy buttons, a white satin embroidered waistcoat, red
velvet breeches, silk stockings, and buckled shoes, with a
neckcloth, or scarf, of finely embroidered cambric, or figured
stuff, the ends hanging loose, the better to show the work, and
liberal bosom and wrist ruffles (the latter usually fastened with
gold or silver buckles), were usually considered a proper evening
dress for a gentleman of any pretension to fashion. The clergy and
many other gentlemen commonly wore black silk stockings, and others
contented themselves with gray woollen. The boots had a broad fold
of white leather turned over the top, with tassels dangling from
either side. The clergy frequently wore silk or stuff gowns and
powdered wigs. The ladies usually wore black silk or satin bonnets,
long-waisted and narrow-skirted dresses for the street, with long
tight sleeves, and in the house, sleeves reaching to the elbow,
finished with an immensely broad frill; high-heeled shoes, and
always, when in full dress, carried a profusely ornamented fan. The
excessively long waists, toward the close of this period, were
exchanged for extremely short ones; so short, that the belt or
waist was inhumanly contrived to come at the broadest part of the
chest. But no fashion of dress was so permanent as other customs
clinging to particular eras. Anciently, as now, fashions were
changed more or less extensively every ten years, though certain
broad characteristics remained long enough to give specific
character to the costuming of the eighteenth century."

The writer is accurate enough, no doubt, in her general description; but what lady could give an entirely correct account of a gentleman's attire? Knee-buckles, for instance, were almost necessarily small, instead of "large"; it may be questioned whether top-boots were ever decorated with tassels, a single article of that sort often hanging at the front of a different kind of high boot, worn long after the beginning of the present century; and as to the silk gowns of clergymen, it is but a very few years since they began to be disused in the pulpit by Presbyterian and Congregational ministers. About forty years before the present period, many gentlemen wore dresses of the cut described by Mrs. Smith, though of a more subdued color,--black, blue, or drab. Not long after the beginning of the present century, a chief magistrate of Massachusetts, Gov. Gore, made a sort of progress through the State, in imposing style. His elegant, open carriage was drawn by four handsome and spirited horses, and he was attended by his aids and several outriders. The governor was a gentleman of fine personal appearance, and was attired in the highest style of contemporary civil costume, with his white hair gathered behind into a satin bag, and his aids were in undress military costume. He was a "Federalist," and this demonstration cost him his election the next time; for, though a man of brilliant ability and high personal character, he served but one year. At a date fifteen years later, I saw the "Democratic" governor of Massachusetts, Mr. Eustis, in attendance upon the Commencement exercises, at Harvard College, dressed much in the fashion of half a century earlier; namely, coat and waistcoat with broad flaps, small-clothes, ruffles at his bosom and wrists, a cocked hat of the old style, and a steel-hilted rapier at his side. Ten years afterwards, one of the best governors the Commonwealth has ever had, Mr. Lincoln, who served the State in this capacity for nine several terms, wore also a distinguishing costume, but more conformable to modern fashions. About the ruffles to his shirt-bosom I am sure, and feel much confidence, from memory, in regard to black small-clothes and black silk stockings, and his hat was always decorated with a black cockade. Nowadays a governor's appearance scarcely distinguishes him from any ordinary person in the crowd.

The cocked hats, however, and much of the costume of the eighteenth century, continued to be worn by the survivors of Revolutionary officers and some others, during the first quarter of the present century and afterwards.

V.

The subjoined interesting sketch of an ancient dwelling-house and of a family which has inhabited it for several generations, was furnished by a distinguished friend, Thomas Coffin Amory, Esq., of Boston, who traces his ancestry on the maternal side to the family in question. Nor, in producing this highly interesting sketch, could I overlook Joshua Coffin, the historian of Newbury and a resident of that town, from the originally extensive territory of which various adjacent towns were eventually formed. He was possessed of many amiable qualities and inspired by the true antiquarian spirit, and laboriously pored among the not very carefully kept early records of the original settlement, and brought much out of chaos well calculated to illustrate its former history. Mr. Amory has, on various occasions, shown the spirit of a careful historical student and of an intelligent and zealous antiquary. His recent contributions to that excellent periodical, "The New England Historical and Genealogical Register," which has become of inestimable value, as a collection of facts illustrative of early New England history and biography, have given great pleasure to multitudes of readers,--especially his vivid and graphic descriptions of certain ancient and storied mansions in Boston and Cambridge, and of their former inhabitants. Let us hope that researches of such abundant interest and value will soon claim and gain a still larger share of the public attention in a collected form.

MY DEAR SIR,--In your reminiscences of Newburyport you must not
forget Joshua Coffin its historian,--one of the best of men, whom
no one knew but to love. I see him now as he came to visit me
several years ago, when he was representing his native town in the
General Court, a fresh, hale, cheery gentleman, full of pleasant
anecdotes relating to the past. He owned and occupied the Coffin
mansion, which had been the abode of seven generations of his
family and name. Out of its portals had issued numberless admirable
men and women, and from among the former, a large share of college
graduates, at Harvard and other New England colleges, of lawyers,
clergy, and soldiers, to do good service in their day and
generation.

At his suggestion, I visited this ancient dwelling which was
erected about 1649, by Mr. Somerby, the widow of whose progenitor
Tristram Coffin, Jr., married. This Tristram was the eldest son of
another Tristram, first of the race in America, who not many years
before, in 1642, came over from Brixton, near Plymouth, in
Devonshire, bringing with him his mother, and two sisters,--Eunice
who married William Butler, and Mary who became the wife of
Alexander Adams, of Boston. He brought with him also several sons
and daughters, to whom were added others born to him on this side
the ocean. His family in the home country had shown the same
tenacity and steadfastness, exemplified by their long continued
residence at Newburyport; for at Alwington and Portledge in Devon,
they had flourished, if not from the flood, from periods very
remote; for according to the historical statement, the Normans when
they came over in the eleventh century found them there, and left
them unmolested; and there still dwell their descendants in the
female line, who have assumed their appellation of Pine Coffin, one
of the house of Pine having married the heiress of the family
estates.

Tristram the elder, and his sons James and Stephen, were among the
nine who purchased the island of Nantucket from the Earl of
Stirling in 1659, and went there to dwell. Their descendants have
ever since been respectable and greatly multiplied, and not only on
that island but all over the country, having since been estimated
by thousands if not tens of thousands. Their usual average of
children has been half a score, and from their numerous progeny and
great longevity, we may judge what vigor was in the race. One of
them, William, son of Nathaniel, son of James, cruised over many
seas, as commander of a merchantman, and becoming interested in a
Boston maiden, Ann Holmes, settled about 1720 in the provincial
capital, where among other offices he filled with credit to himself
and his name was that for many years of warden of Trinity Church.
He died before the Revolution, leaving many children; most of his
sons at that period becoming refugee loyalists, they and their
descendants taking high rank in the British military and naval
service. John, son of Nathaniel, was a distinguished officer in the
Carolinas, and afterwards became Major-general. His brother, Sir
Isaac, early became distinguished on the ocean, was an Admiral,
Member of Parliament, and created a Baronet, which latter rank was
also bestowed on Thomas Astor, son of William, the eldest son of
the warden. Several others of the name and blood then and since
have filled with distinction posts of honor and respectability in
the civil service of the mother country at home, in Canada, and in
India.

But this is a digression. The only connection of the Nantucket
branch with Newbury is that old Tristram lived there for a brief
period, before repairing to his island home, and his son (the
younger of the name of Tristram, the family name of a grandmother)
and his posterity occupied the old mansion down through seven or
eight generations, and still dwell beneath its roof. At the time of
its erection the edifice must have been among the most elegant, as
its good state of preservation proves it to have been one of the
most substantial of its day, when the notion, prevailing in
England, that oak was the most suitable material of the forest for
dwellings, governed in their choice, with less reason, our
American planters. It was built in the mode common to the period,
round a vast brick chimney-stack, ten or twelve feet square. The
principal apartment, now divided into two, possessed, as did also
the kitchen, one of those spacious fireplaces which are the marvel
and envy of these degenerate days, when a hole in the carpet has
superseded in many households the family hearth. It is pleasant to
think of the groups that in the olden time clustered around them;
charming people, whom we know by tradition, and who are remembered
by many associations.

The house possesses various other apartments of size and
pretension, and has answered well the needs of the successive
generations that have occupied it, not only as a spacious and
commodious abode, but one sufficiently elegant to satisfy the
advancing standards of taste and refinement. Among the marked
features of the building are several small casements, lighting
closets and staircases, which give variety to the monotonous
symmetry of windows all of a size, one on top of another, and where
all the openings for egress or light are in straight lines and of
equal dimensions. It is many years since my visit, and I hope you
will see it, for much that was peculiar, and made a weird
impression at the time, has passed out of mind. If the trickles in
my own veins do not mislead, the present proprietors will be glad
to have pleasure afforded to the reading community, even by this
inadequate description of a house which has such claims to be
known, if, as you intimate, you purpose to place this account of it
in your Appendix. They will not consider it a liberty if I repeat
what some one not long since told me of an interesting relic of the
past discovered on its walls, a statement which might be related
almost in the same words of the house of MacPhædrics at
Portsmouth.

Not many years since it was concluded to repaper the hall, the
walls of which were covered with several thicknesses of paper which
had from generation to generation been pasted one upon another. It
was thought best to remove them all, and when a large party of
young people, home for the holidays, were gathered for a dull week
of weather under its roof, they determined to amuse themselves by
stripping off the various layers of previous decorations,
preparatory to the new one intended to take their place. Underneath
them all was discovered, painted on the wall, artistic designs of
figures and foliage, such as were common in the days of the
Stuarts. All antiquarians are familiar with the similar
discoveries at Portsmouth, to which allusion has been made.

There are not many houses in America which have been so long owned
and occupied by the same name. The old brick mansion near
Portsmouth, of the Weeks family, the Curtis house at Boston
Highlands, Fairbanks at Dedham, Pickering at Salem, were
contemporaries in the period of the construction, and have
descended from sire to son as has this of the Coffins.

The house is pleasantly placed, and commands fine views from its
windows. Even in winter it must be, if not a cheerful, an
interesting abode to dwell in. In duller days, when skies are
leaden, and the more you see around you the less you like it, its
dreamy look of age and strangeness within and without may have a
somewhat depressing influence. The aches and agonies of so many
generations may gain an ascendancy over the exuberant joys that
made their life worth living. It would sometimes seem that if
fondness for the supernatural must be indulged, an old edifice like
this would prove a haunt more attractive, and certainly more
appropriate, for ghost and apparition than any school-room, however
noted for its spells. Yet notwithstanding some lugubrious
associations connected with the family patronymic, phantoms would
have to tread softly and whisper low if they invaded its precincts;
for the vigorous vitality of its occupants and their cheery tones,
if up to the traditional standard of their race, would exorcise the
very king of spectres himself, should he venture to stalk about at
the noonday, or revisit the glimpses of the moon in its ancient
chambers.

VI.

I might have mentioned, as one of the amusements of childhood, the throwing of a piece of paper upon the embers of our wood-fire, for we had no coal in those days, and watching the gradual extinguishment of the sparks, likening it to a congregation entering the meeting-house. "There they go in," we would say. "There's the minister;" and as the final spark disappeared,--"Now, the sexton has gone in and shut the door." I speak of this only as a curious illustration of English ways traditionally surviving in New England. Thus Cowper tells us:--

"So when a child, as playful children use,
Has burnt to tinder a stale last year's news,
The flame extinct, he views the roving fire,--
There goes my lady, and there goes the squire;
There goes the parson, O illustrious spark!
And there, scarce less illustrious, goes the clerk!"

VII.

Several allusions having been made in the text to the "Wolfe" Tavern, I am able to present the following original bill of lading, constituting an incident in relation to the famous expedition to Quebec, and evincing at least a more formal recognition of a superintending Providence, than is the custom of more modern days:--

12 Oxen,
6 Horses,
No. 29 to 32. 4 Hogshd. Corn,
10 Baggs Corn,
10 Baggs Meal,
2 Carts with Furniture,
500 feet Boards,
1 pr. Smiths Bellows,
1 Box Smiths Tools,
1 Anvil,
1 Camp Kettle
10 Ox Yokes,
70 Bundles of Hay,
2 Handpumps,
18 Pails,
4 Tubbs,
2 Shovells,
4 Barr's Water, Settled.

Shipped by the Grace of God in good Order and well Condition'd by Thomas Hancock, by order of His Excell'cy Major General Amherst, in and upon the good sloop call'd the "Endeavour," whereof is Master under GOD, for this present Voyage, William Clift, and now riding at Anchor in the Harbour of Boston, and by God's Grace bound for The Expedition up the River St. Lawrence, to say, Twelve Oxen, Six Horses, Four Hogshead and Ten Bags of Corn, Ten Bags of Meal, two Carts with their Furniture, Five hundred feet of Boards, One Pair Smiths Bellows, One Box Smiths Tools, One Anvill, One Camp Kettle, Ten Ox Yokes, Seventy Bundles of Hay, Two handpumps, Eighteen pails, Four Tubbs, Two Shovells, Four Barrells Water; being mark'd and number'd as in the Margin, and to be delivered in the like good Order, and well Condition'd, at the aforesaid Port of ---- (the Danger of the Seas only excepted) unto His Excell'cy Major General Wolfe, or to his Assigns,----or they paying Freight for the said Goods----Nothing----with Primage and Average accustom'd. In Witness whereof the Master or Purser of the said sloop hath affirmed to Two Bills of Lading, all of this Tenor and date; the one of which Two Bills being accomplished, the other one to stand void. And so GOD send the good sloop to her desired Port in Safety, _Amen_. Dated in

BOSTON, _May 14, 1759_.

WILL^{M}. CLIFT.

VIII.

On my occasional visit to Boston, I usually put up at the Eastern Stage House, perhaps because it was there that the stage-coach by which I arrived at the city discharged its passengers. It was an old fashioned establishment, which but for the absence of galleries, might remind one of the famous Tabard Inn, from which Chaucer's pilgrims set out. For its capacious yard, in which the passengers alighted, and where they remounted for their homeward journey, was approached through a narrow cross street, and in its ample stables the stage-horses took their rest and refreshment. The front entrance to the tavern was under an archway on Ann street, loyally named for the old queen; for which title was not long ago senselessly substituted the unsuggestive appellation of North street. It has long since given place to more modern edifices. It was a comfortable place of temporary residence, and in illustration of former manners I remember one practice which I have never seen elsewhere. At the plate of each guest, at dinner, was placed a small decanter of brandy, holding I suppose half-a-pint of that liquor, and for which no extra charge appeared in the bill, which account itself was moderate enough compared with the inordinate hotel reckonings of the present day.

IX.

In small matters, as well as in great, history repeats itself. Thus, the anachronic emotion of Miss ---- (on page 17) finds its parallel in "Facetiæ Poggii," written at Florence, in the year 1450, of which the following story is one:--

"Cyriac of Ancona, a wordy man and much given to talk, was once deploring in our presence the fall and ruin of the Roman empire, and seemed to be vehemently grieved at it. Then Anthony Lusco, a most learned man, who also stood by, said, jeering at the silly grief of the fellow, 'He is very like a man of Milan, who, hearing on a feast day one of the race of minstrels, who are wont to sing the deeds of departed heroes to the people, reciting the death of Roland, who was slain about seven hundred years before in battle, fell at once a-weeping bitterly, and when he got home to his wife, and she saw him sad and sighing, and asked what was the matter, "Alas! alas! wife," he said, "we are as good as dead and gone." "Why, man," she answered, "what dreadful thing has befallen you? Take comfort and come to supper." But he, when he went on sobbing and sighing, and would take no food, and his wife pressed him to tell the cause of his woe, at last said, "Don't you know the bad news I have heard to-day?" "What?" asked the wife. "Roland is dead, who alone was the safeguard of Christendom." On which his wife tried to soothe the silly grief of her husband, and yet, with all her tenderness, could scarce get him to sit down to meat.'"[13]

The effect of the ballad, however, upon the worthy man of Milan reminds one of the historical incident, recording the effect of song, celebrated anew in one of the stanzas of Childe Harold:--

"When Athens' armies fell at Syracuse,
And fettered thousands felt the yoke of war,
Redemption rose up in the Attic Muse,
Her voice their only ransom from afar;
See! as they chant the tragic hymn, the car
Of the o'ermastered victor stops: the reins
Fall from his hands--his idle scimitar
Starts from its belt--he rends his captives' chains,
And bids them thank the bard for freedom and his strains."

X.

The ancestor of Colonel Edward Wigglesworth, mentioned in the text, an officer of the Revolution, highly esteemed by Washington, was Rev. Michael Wigglesworth, author of "The Day of Doom," published in the last quarter of the seventeenth century, and reprinted in London; a dreadfully dismal, but edifying poem, and not without a certain horrifying merit.

XI.

Were it within the scope of this work, I might furnish a catalogue, by no means meagre, of inhabitants formerly distinguished in their day and generation. For example, I have heard it stated as a curious fact, that, not far from the beginning of the present century, each of the three Professors of Harvard College, namely, Professors Webber, afterwards President; Pearson, and Toppan, were natives of Newbury.

XII.

I could hardly dismiss this volume from my hands without some reference to the means of public information furnished by the newspapers of the town. Of these, there have been, since "The Essex Journal," soon afterwards merged in "The Impartial Herald," and first published in 1773, between thirty and forty attempts to establish newspapers; but the "Herald," the successor of those before-named, for many years conducted as a semi-weekly journal, and since the year 1832 as a daily paper, has alone steadily maintained its ground. It has always been distinguished for the editorial ability displayed in its columns, and for a care bestowed upon its several departments, which gave it a high reputation, scarcely surpassed by that of leading journals in our larger cities.

"The Essex Journal" was begun by Isaiah Thomas, who in the course of a year sold his interest in it to Ezra Lunt; and he, after two years, obeying another call to public service, sold it to John Mycall. The first of these began life in the humblest condition, without schooling of any kind, it is alleged; taught himself to read and write, and after a time removed to Worcester, became connected with a noted paper there, the "Massachusetts Spy," at length accumulated a handsome fortune, for the times, much of which, after a long life, he bequeathed to the Antiquarian Society of Worcester, and a portion to Harvard College, and other literary institutions. He was the founder, also, of the American Antiquarian Society. He became a writer and educator of much repute.

Upon the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, Mr. Ezra Lunt was the first man who volunteered, in the meeting-house, when the minister, Rev. Mr. Parsons, exhorted his parishioners to military service; was chosen captain of the company, with which he was present in command at Bunker Hill, and afterwards was raised to the rank of major. He took part in the battle of Monmouth Court House, when the British army, under Sir Henry Clinton, retired with much difficulty and loss before Washington, and used to relate the particulars of the well-known rebuke administered by that great chief to General Charles Lee for his hasty retreat from the advanced post, which had been assigned him. He declared himself to have been close by at the moment, and to have heard the energetic language used on the occasion. After the war, he received his allotment of land, and settled upon it, at Marietta, Ohio.

Mr. Mycall was a person of much natural capacity and shrewdness, with certain eccentricities of character, and kept up a little politic mystery about himself. He once engaged a well-known carriage-maker of the day to build him a chaise, which it was agreed should be finished at a certain time. When the specified period arrived, the vehicle was not forthcoming. Enduring a similar disappointment several times, and expressing himself strongly about it to the offender, that individual promised it to him positively at a certain date, _if he was alive_. Even then, it was not delivered; but what was the astonishment of the faulty party to read in his newspaper the next morning, "Died, yesterday, P. B., chaise-maker," etc. In a state of boiling indignation he rushed to the street, and on the way to the office of publication called the attention of various acquaintances to the wrongful statement, which, it appeared, no one had observed. Entering the office, he inquired, with much feeling, how Mr. Mycall could have published such a paragraph. "Did you not promise me," said the editor, "that my chaise should be sent home, on such a day, if you were alive?" "Well, supposing I did?" "Why, then, of course, you must be dead!" Taking up a copy of the paper from his desk, and examining the obituary notices, "But," said the editor, "there is no such statement here." The bewildered chaise-maker hastened home to examine his paper anew; and it appeared, on inquiry, that the account of his decease was printed only in his own copy; a gloomy jest, which was soon much relished by the community.

Indeed, the town became for a time a noted place for the publication of standard works, and books of various descriptions. It was here that the well-known Mr. Edmund M. Blunt, who subsequently removed to the city of New York, published his valuable and famous "American Coast Pilot," and, afterwards, the no less useful "Practical Navigator."

XIII.

In attestation of the remark, on page 144 of the text, that an antiquated pronunciation of many English words prevailed long in New England, after it was disused in Old England, and was brought by the colonists from the Mother Country, see the criticism of "Holofernes" upon innovations in pronunciation, in Act V., Sc. 1, of "Love's Labor Lost," showing the state of the case in Shakespeare's time.

XIV.

In closing this Appendix, which might be extended to almost any length, as recollections which did not occur to me in writing the body of the work come up, I cannot omit a remarkable use of the American language, let us say, since the Czar once so denominated the English tongue. It was upon the part of a town constable, perhaps as nearly of the Dogberry type as could be imagined. I was standing in the town hall, at a moment preliminary to a public meeting. A knot of youngsters had been joking one another, when this authoritative official approached. All but one speedily retired before the awful presence. "Master Constable" addressed the lingerer: "_Disperge_,"--a difficult operation for an individual,--"_disperge_, I say; we can't have no _burlash_ here!"

Even Shakespeare might have been glad of such an opportunity to enlarge the cacology, by actual hearing, of some of his most amusing characters.

----- [13] Quoted in Dasent's "Jest and Earnest." London, 1873.

INDEX

Academy, of good standing, 137
Adams, J. Q., 134
Addison on English Superstition, 176
Adventure of American Sea-captain with Christophe, Emperor of Hayti, 61
"Algerines;" their Quarrel with Foreign Sailors, 74
Ancient Elder, 120
Ancient Episcopal Church; its former Rector, Bishop of Massachusetts,
114, 130
Apparition, an, 184
Aristocracy, 21
Aunt Judith, 23
Aunt Judith's Narrative of Witchcraft, 169

Balaklava Charge, 28
Bar, dangerous, 6
Bartlett, William, 33
Beggars, mimic, 106
Beverages, formerly, 96
Bishop Bass, 130
Bold Youngster, 165
Books, some that we read, 138, 139
Borderers, 74
Boyish Sports, 14
Bradbury, Judge, 34
British Orders in Council, 108
Bromfield Legacy, 18
Buchan, Earl of, 63

Campbell, "Tom," 27
Cannon for street posts, 58
Capen, Parson, 178
Characteristic Letter, 40
Christmas Evening, 161
Christmas Hymn, 163
Christophe of Hayti, 61
Clergy of the town, 122
Clergyman, Scottish, 166
Collector Marquand, 37
Collector Wigglesworth, 36
Comparative value of money, 21
Congregation, "Scrupulous," 122
Consequences of war and embargo, 57
Court of Common Pleas, 83
Cunning expedient, 22

Dalton, Tristram, 34
Damage of war, 38
Dana, Rev. Dr., 128
Dangerous bar, 6
Devil's den, 15
Dexter, "Lord," 63
Dexter's poet, 66
Dinah for Diana, 145
Discourse of Rev. Mr. Murray, 99
Dissatisfied washerwoman, 104
Dogberry and Verges, 198
Domestic, Scottish, 104

Earl of Buchan, 63
Earthquakes in former times, 113
Edinburgh, similar habits in, 10
Elder, an old-fashioned, 120
Emperor of Hayti, 61
English Clergymen, 124
English Reader. Are modern text-books as useful?, 137
English superstition, 176
Enterprise, Maritime and Commercial, 5
Extraordinary images, 63

Failure, swindling, 103
Favor, Johnny: his opinion of polemics, 133
Few insane persons, and the treatment of them formerly, 45
Fights of boys, 10
Fine trees, 17
Fire, strange, 190
Fire, the "great," 103
Foot-warming process, 118
Former Rector of St. Paul's a Bishop, 130
Former severe winters, 1
Former solemn proceedings in naturalization, 110
Fourth of July, 98
Fright of an old woman, 100
Fugitive Sea-captain and a lively chase, 58

Ghost, reputed, 180
Gould, Miss Hannah F., 31
Gourmand, a, 98
Great Fire, 103
Greys, Silver, 56
Grouse, Old, story of, 146
Growth of Episcopal Church, 130

Habits in Edinburgh, 10
Habits, jovial, of old times, 96
Hardships of early times, 40
Hay-time treating, 109
"Hinx-minx," origin of, 174
Hohenlinden, 28
Holt, Granny, 169
Home, return to, 202
How they used to "break," 103
Huntington, Countess of, and her Seminary, 124
Hymn, Christmas, 163

Images, extraordinary, 63
Indifference to cold, 119
Inquisitive spinster, 123
Insane persons, few, 45
Internal trade, 67
Introductory chapters to Scott's novels, 159

Jackson family, 24
James, King of Scotland, 106
Johnson, Samuel, Dr., 26
"Joppa Jine," 144
Jovial habits of old times, 109
Judith, Aunt, 23
July 4th, 98

King James of Scotland, 106
King Louis Philippe, 4
King, Rufus, 135

Lee, Mrs. George, 31
Longfellow, 32
Lowells, The, 24

Magistrate and culprit, 51
Mansions, remarkable, 18
Manufacturing establishments, 4
Maritime enterprise, 5
Market Square, triangular, 66
Marquand, Collector, 37
Massachusetts, Diocese of, 130
Meeting-houses--stoves and organs, 118
Merchant, rich, 34
Milton, Rev. Mr., 124
Mimic beggars, 106
Money, comparative value of, 21
"Moses is come!," 100
Murray, Rev. Mr., 99
Murray's Reader, 137

Naturalization, etc., 110
New England pronunciation, 144
New England superstition, of old, 160
Novelist, English, his surprise, 9
Nutting, etc., 14

Old-fashioned hospitality in beverages, 109
"Old Grouse," story of, 146
Old Peddlers, 67
Old Woman, fright of, 100
Orders in Council, British, 108
Organ of St. Paul's, 118
Origin of "Hinx-Minx," 174
Our Town, 5

Paine, Robert Treat, 134
Parson, Capen, 178
Parsonage and its curious picture, 52
Parsons, Chief Justice, 134
Particular Shoemaker, 48
Peabody, George, 33
Peace of 1783, 99
Peddlers, old, 67
People of St. James's, 131
Perkins, Jacob, 25
Personal part of leading citizens in politics, 94
Persons, distinguished, 34
Picture, curious, 52
Pike, Nicholas, 25
Polemics, 132
Political hostilities, 55
Poultry in profusion, 67
Practice, modern, of naturalization, 110
Professional persons, etc., 83
"Project," what it is, 174
Putnam, Oliver, 33

Quaker meeting, 136
Queer contrast of language, 61

Railways and their influence, 142
Ramsay, Dean, and others, Reminiscences of, 10
Reader, Murray's English, 137
Reading parties, 142
Refinement of certain classes, 133
Reputed apparition, 192
Respect for the clergy, 29
"Retort courteous," 27
Rev. Dr. Dana, 128
Rev. Mr. Milton, 124
Rev. Dr. Morse, 131
Rev. Mr. Murray, 122
Rev. Dr. Spring, 29
Richard, Uncle, 162

Sabbath, how kept, 120
Sailing adventure, 7
"Salt," ancient, 3
Saturday and Sunday evenings, 30
Scenery on the river, 5
School books, etc., 137
Schoolmaster, a shrewd, 140
Scott's Autobiography, 10
Scott's reply to certain critics, 159
Scottish domestic, cool and faithful, 104
"Scrupulous" congregation, 122
Scrupulous shoemaker, 48
Severe winters, 1
Shipbuilding, etc., 5
Silver Greys, 56
Singular companion, 168
Singular night adventure, 87
Snow-storm in old times, 2
Social security, 85
Stage-house, 53
St. James's, 143
Story of an apparition, 179
Story of bold youngster, 165
Stove in Church, 118
Street fights of boys, 10
Striking adventure of Rufus King, 135
Surprise of Thackeray, 9
Swett and Schwedt, 30
Swindling failure, 103
Sympathetic young lady, 17

Tennyson's "Charge at Balaklava," 28
Text instead of sermon, 119
"Thanks be to Praise!," 202
Thanksgiving, 105
Timber and shipbuilding, 5
"Tom" Campbell, 27
Topsfield spectre, 177
Town-meeting and resolute chairman, 96
Trade, internal, of the town, 67
Traders, small, 67
Treating in hay-time, 109
Trees of great beauty, 17
Triangular Market Square, 66
Tyng Family, 24

Uncle Richard, 162
United States after a runaway, 58
Unterrified clergyman, 166

Verges and Dogberry, 198
Vulgarian of the nouveaux riches, 62

Wages, low rate of, 23
Walsh, Michael, 25
What a "project" is or was, 174
Wheelwright, William, 32
Whipping-post, 123
Wigglesworth, Colonel, 36
Winters, severe formerly, 1
Witchcraft, and Uncle Richard's opinion of it, 167
Wood's account of the aristocracy., 21

Yankee acuteness, 141
Young persons sent to the town for education, 134

Transcriber's Notes:

Archaic, variable, and misspelled words and punctuation
inconsistancies have been preserved as printed in all of the
quoted material with one exception. This includes all poetry,
quotations, letters, and documents.

The one exception is in the poem Childe Harold, a section of
which is quoted in the Appendix, Section IX. The word =scimeter=
was changed to =scimitar= because it is spelled correctly in the
original poem by Lord Byron located at PG,
EText-No. 5131, Canto IV, Stanza XVI.

The following changes were made to the original text. The
correction is enclosed in brackets:

Page 106: and they skurried away [scurried]

Page 116: but the fact incontestibly proves, [incontestably]

Page 187: My mother was in close attendance upon sick members of
my sister's family? [changed punctuation to a period]

Page 230: Fall from his hands--his idle scimetar [scimitar]

The following word has been found in both hyphenated and
unhyphenated form in the original text: road-side (roadside).
The original hyphenation has been preserved.

Footnotes have been numbered consecutively and have been placed
at the end of each chapter.

Superscripted letters in the original book and the HTML version are
represented by ^{} in the text version.

The "long i" macron is respresented in the text as [=i].