Chapter XV: Violin Dealers, Collectors, and Amateurs (2)

DESCHAMPS, Claude. Paris, 1783-85.

DESJARDINS. Caen, 1763.

DESPONS, Antoine. Paris about 1610; rare, but not very good.

DESROUSSEAU. Eighteenth century.

DEVEREUX, John. He worked with B. Simon Fendt in London; migrated
to Melbourne.

DICKENSON (Dickinson), Edward. Strand, London, about 1750-90;
Stainer model; inferior.

DICKESON (Dickson), John, b. in Stirling. London and Cambridge,
about 1750-80; excellent.

DIDELIN, Joseph. Nancy, 1765-75; poor maker.

DIDION, Gabriel. Mirecourt; d. 1881.

DIEHL (or Diel, as it was originally spelt). Friedrich, son of
Nicolaus Diehl; 1814-67; Darmstadt; fair.

DIEHL (Diel), Heinrich, a son of Johann Diehl.

DIEHL (Diel), Jacob, son of Nicolaus Diehl; d. 1873; Bremen in
1834, then Hamburg.

DIEHL (Diel), Johann, a brother of Nicolaus Diehl. Mayence.

DIEHL, Martin. Mayence, eighteenth century; work poor.

DIEHL (Diel), Nicolaus, b. 1779, d. 1851. Son of Martin Diehl, to
whose business he succeeded.

DIEHL (Diel), Nicolaus Louis, d. 1876. Was a son of Jacob Diehl;
worked in Hamburg; he published a work on Italian violin-makers.

DIEULAFAIT. A viol-maker; Paris in 1720.

DINI, Giambattista. Lucignano in 1707.

DITTON. London about 1700. In Thomas Britton’s Collection was a
“good violin by Ditton.”

DODD, Edward, b. 1705, Sheffield; d. 1810, London, at the age of
105. First bow-maker of this name. He lived in Salisbury Court,
Fleet Street; buried in St Bride’s Church.

DODD, James, second son of Edward. Also made bows.

DODD, James, son of James Dodd, sen.; was a good bow-maker.

DODD, John, eldest son of Edward Dodd; b. 1752. (_See_ p. 116.)

DODD, Thomas, third son of Edward Dodd. Employed Bernhard Fendt and
Lott; proud of his varnish; an all-round man, and dealer in all
sorts of instruments; violoncellos fetch £50.

DODD, Edward and Thomas, sons of Thomas Dodd, sen. Both learnt from
Bernhard Fendt, and carried on the business at St Martin’s Lane.

DOMINICELLI (Domincelli). Ferrara, 1695-1715; studied in Brescia;
copied the Amati pattern; varnish of a golden colour.

DOMINICHINO, Giuseppe. Verona, 1700; Amati pattern.

DONATO, Serafino. Venice, 1410-11.

DONI, Rocco. A priest in Florence, 1600-60; made lutes and violins.

DOPFER (Döpfer), Nicolaus. Mayence (?) about 1768; instruments well
made, slightly arched; sound-holes small but well cut, varnish
brown.

DORANT, William. Spitalfields, 1814.

DORFFEL (Dörffel), Johann Andreas. A violin and lute maker in
Klingenthal, Saxony, in 1743.

DRINDA, Giacomo. Pianzo, eighteenth century.

DRÖGMEYER, Hermann August. Bremen; wrote a book on violins, 1891.

DROULEAU or Droulot. Paris, 1788-1800.

DROUYN, Dimanche. Paris.

DUCHÉRON, Mathurin. Contemporary of Boquay, working in Paris in
1714.

DUIFFOPRUGCAR (Duiffoproucart), Gaspard, 1514. (_See_ p. 18).

DUKE, Richard. London about 1750-80. (_See_ p. 132.)

DUKE, Richard, son of Richard Duke.

DULFENN, Alexander. Leghorn in 1699.

DUMÉNIL, N. Paris, 1786.

DUMESNIL, Jacques. Paris about 1655-60.

DUNCAN. Aberdeen, 1762.

DUNCAN, George. Glasgow, 1887.

DURFEL (Dürfell), J. G. Altenburg, 1778; double-basses excellent;
violins very arched; muddy dark brown varnish.

DU RIEZ, Nicolas. A good French maker; Abbeville, 1663.

EBERLE, Johann Ulrich. Prague about 1730-60; good Cremona copyist.

EBERTI, Tommaso. Italian maker about 1730-50.

EDLINGER, Thomas, b. in Bohemia, and was living in Prague 1712-15.
Good.

EGLINGTON. London in 1802; fair tone.

ELÉMENT, Jean Laurent. Paris in 1783.

ELSLER (Esler), Johann Joseph. Mayence about 1715-30; bass viol
maker; transition on verge of the violin.

EMILIANI, Francesco de. Rome about 1715-20; fine workman; yellow
varnish.

ENGLEDER, Andreas, Munich, 1854; an original designer.

ENGLEDER, Ludwig. Bamberg, 1854; German pattern; fair tone.

ERNST, Franz Anton, b. Dec. 3, 1745, Georgenthal, Bohemia; player
and maker; Stradivari pattern, and some say approached Stradivari
tone.

EULRY-CLÉMENT. Mirecourt, 1800.

EURY. About 1810-30, Paris; an excellent bow-maker, 1820. He was
working at 20 rue des Lyonnais-Saint-Jacques in 1820. His bows are
justly celebrated, and are thought to rival even those of François
Tourte. He generally marked them with his name.

EVANGELISTI. Florence, eighteenth century.

EVANS, Richard. London about 1742-50.

EVE, Jacques. German model, arched; brown varnish; good workman.

FABRIS, Luigi. Venice in nineteenth century.

FACINI, Agostino. A monk at Bologna, 1732-42; delicate workman;
yellow varnish.

FALAISE. French follower of Pique; Cremona pattern; yellow varnish.

FARINATO, Paolo. Venice about 1700-30; fair maker, Serafino pattern.

FEBBRE. Amsterdam in 1762.

FENDT, Bernhard. (_See_ p. 132.)

FENDT, Bernhard Simon. (_See_ p. 132.)

FENDT, Francis, fourth son of Bernhard Fendt. (_See_ p. 132.)

FENDT, François, best known in France as Fent.

FENDT, Jacob, third son of Bernhard Fendt.

FENDT, Martin, second son of Bernhard Fendt.

FENDT, William, second son of Bernhard Simon.

FERATI, Pietro. Sienna, 1754-64; poor maker.

FÉRET. A pupil of Médard; Paris, 1708; good maker.

FERGUSON, Donald. Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

FERGUSON & SON. Edinburgh, beginning of the nineteenth century.

FERRARI, Agostino. Budrio (Italy), eighteenth century.

FERRARI, Alfonso. Carpi (Modena), 1738.

FERRARI, Carlo. Sienna in 1740.

FEURY or Ferry, François, son-in-law of Leclerc the violin-maker.
Paris about 1750-60; violins small pattern, the sound-holes small,
varnish red, work good.

FICHTL, Martin. Vienna, 1750-57; careful in wood and varnish.

FICKER, Johann Christian. Cremona, 1720-22; German style.

FICKER, Johann Gottlieb. Cremona about 1788-89.

FIKER, Johann Christian. Neukirchen (Saxony), eighteenth century.

FIORILLO, Giovanni. Ferrara, 1780; German and Italian patterns;
violoncellos are best.

FIORINI, Giuseppe, son of Raffaele Fiorini, b. 1867. Excellent
maker.

FIORINI, Raffaele, b. at Pianoro. Worked at Bologna.

FIRTH, G. Leeds, 1836; pupil of William Booth, sen.

FISCER, Carlo and Giuseppe, brothers. Milan about 1760-64; inclined
to German style, but good varnish.

FISCHER, Anton, b. 1794, d. 1879. Vienna.

FISCHER, Zacharie, b. Nov. 5, 1730, Würzburg; d. there Nov. 27,
1812; first began baking his wood to age it; his violins are still
liked.

FLEURI (Fleury), Jean François. Paris, 1783-85.

FLEURY, Benoist. Paris, 1751-91; fair maker.

FLORENUS (Florinus), Guidantus or Florentus. Bologna about
1700-60; far from first-class.

FONCLAUSE, Joseph (called “Le Mayeux”), b. 1800 à la Conté; d.
1865, Paris. Mirecourt, and employed by Vuillaume.

FORCHEVILLE, J. Baptiste. Early pochette-maker.

FORSTER (Foster or Forrester), John, b. Kirkandrews, on the Esk.

FORSTER, Simon Andrew, son of William Forster (1764-1824). (_See_
p. 126.)

FORSTER, William, son of John Forster; b. 1713-14; d. 1801. (_See_
p. 126.)

FORSTER, William (“Old Forster”), son of William Forster
(1713-1801). (_See_ p. 126.)

FORSTER, William (“Young Forster”), son of William Forster
(1739-1808). (_See_ p. 126.)

FORSTER, William, eldest son of William Forster, 1764-1824. (_See_
p. 126.)

FRAISER, Giorgio. Cremona, 1666; worked for Nicola Amati.

FRANCK. Ghent, 1800-30; chiefly a clever repairer.

FRANKLAND. London, 1785; employed by the William Forsters.

FREBRUNET, Jean. Paris 1750-60; good maker; yellow varnish.

FRITSCHE (Fritzche), Samuel. Leipzig, 1787; pupil of C. H. Hunger;
good maker (Cremona model) and fine repairer.

FRYER, Charles. London and Leeds, 1830-40.

FURBER, David. Pupil of John Johnson (1750-60), a maker in London.
(_See_ p. 234.)

FURBER, Henry John, son and pupil of John Furber.

FURBER, James, first son of Matthew Furber, sen.

FURBER, John, third son of Matthew Furber, sen.

FURBER, Matthew, sen., son of David Furber.

FURBER, Matthew, second son of Matthew Furber, sen.

GABRIELLI, Antonio. Florence, 1760; good violins.

GABRIELLI, Bartolommeo. Florence about 1730.

GABRIELLI, Cristoforo. Florence, 1730.

GABRIELLI, Giovanni Battista. Florence, 1740-70; good tone,
excellent wood, yellow varnish; his violoncellos and altos
considered best.

GAETANO, Antoniazzi, b. Aug. 7, 1825, Cremona; good maker, has
gained medals of honour; his sons, Ricardo and Romeo, work with him.

GAFFINO, Giuseppe. An Italian, worked in Paris, 1745-83; careful
maker.

GAGLIANO (Galiano), Alessandro, b. 1640. (_See_ p. 89.)

GAGLIANO, Antonio, son of Giovanni, grandson of Nicola. (_See_
“Raffaele Gagliano.”)

GAGLIANO, Ferdinando, eldest son of Nicola, grandson of Alessandro.
(_See_ p. 89.)

GAGLIANO, Gennaro, second son of Alessandro, brother of Nicola;
b. about 1680, at Naples; d. 1750. He was the best maker of this
family.

GAGLIANO, Giovanni, fourth son of Nicola, nephew of the great
Gennaro; d. 1806.

GAGLIANO, Giuseppe and Antonio, second and third sons of Nicola;
lived at Naples.

GAGLIANO, Nicola, eldest son of Alessandro; b. about 1675, at
Naples; d. there about 1745.

GAGLIANO, Raffaele and Antonio, sons of Giovanni, grandsons of
Nicola.

GAILLARD-LAJOUE, J. B. Mirecourt; d. about 1870; first an
apprentice and then first workman in the workshop of Gand; fair
maker.

GAIROUD, Louis. Nantes about 1740.

GALBANI, Piero. Florence in 1640.

GALBICELLIS, G. B. Florence, 1757.

GALBUSERA, Carlo Antonio. Follower of Chanot; made a guitar-shaped
model; violins much praised, but little known now.

GALERZENA. Piedmont, 1790.

GALLAND, Jean. Paris, rue St-Honoré, about 1744-50.

GALRAM, Joachim Joseph. Lisbon in 1769.

GAND, Charles Adolphe, eldest son of Charles François Gand; b. Dec.
11, 1812, Paris; d. Jan. 24, 1866.

GAND, Charles François, eldest son of Charles Michel Gand; b. Aug.
5, 1787, Versailles. (_See_ p. 108.)

GAND, Charles Michel, the head of the Gand family; b. 1748, at
Mirecourt; d. 1820, Versailles.

GAND, Charles Nicolas Eugène, second son of Charles François Gand;
b. June 5, 1825, at Paris; d. Feb. 5, 1892, Boulogne-sur-Seine.

GAND, Guillaume, second son of Charles Michel Gand, 1792-1858.

GARANI (Garana), Michelangelo. A maker in Bologna about 1680 to
1720; small value.

GARANI, Nicola. 1700. Fair instruments, Gagliano pattern; plain
wood, yellow varnish.

GARENGHI, Giuseppe. Brescia, 1857.

GASPARO DA SALÒ, son of Francesco Bertolotti, b. 1542. (_See_ p.
30.)

GATTANANI. Piedmont, 1785-90.

GATTINARI. Enrico. Turin, 1670-75.

GATTINARI, Francesco, son of Enrico Gattinari. Good maker, 1700-5;
red varnish.

GAUTROT. Mirecourt, 1855.

GAVINIÉS (Gavaniès), François. 1700-63, Bordeaux; 1730 Paris, and
was living in Rue St-Thomas-du-Louvre, 1734-63. Unequal maker of
violins, some cheap and poor, others very superior.

GEDLER, Johann Anthony and Johann Benedict. Fussen, Bavaria, about
1750-96. Poor violins.

GEISENHOF (Geiffenhof, Geigenhof), Franz, b. 1754; d. 1821. Fairly
good.

GEMÜNDER, August, b. 1814, Würtemberg; d. Sept., 1895, New York.
Excellent maker, fine copyist.

GEMÜNDER, George, brother of August Gemünder, b. 1816 in Würtemberg.

GERMAIN, Emile, son of Joseph Louis Germain. Turin, 1870-88.
Studied at Mirecourt. Prolific maker, good varnish, fair tone, fine
repairer.

GERMAIN, Joseph Louis, b. July 23, 1822, Mirecourt, 1868; worked
with F. Gand family and B. Vuillaume. Excellent maker and repairer.

GERONI, Domenico. Ostia, Italy, about 1800-20. Inferior.

GHERARDI, Giacomo. Bologna, 1677.

GHIDINI, Carlo. Parma, about 1746.

GIANOLI, Domenico. Milan, 1731.

GIBBS, James. London, 1800-45. Was employed by J. Morrison, George
Corsby, and Samuel Gilkes.

GIBERTINI, Antonio. Parma, 1830-33. Stradivari pattern. Employed by
Paganini as a repairer.

GIGLI, Julio Cesare. Rome, 1730-62.

GILBERT, Nicolas Louis. Metz, 1700.

GILBERT, Simon, son of Nicolas Louis Gilbert. Metz, about 1737.

GILKES, Samuel, 1787-1827. Morton Pinkney, Northamptonshire.
London. Worked for William Forster (1764-1824). Nicola Amati
pattern; clever maker.

GILKES, William, son of Samuel Gilkes, about 1811-75, in Grey
Coat Street, Tothill Fields, Westminster, London. Prolific maker;
chiefly double basses.

GIOFFREDA, B. Turin, in 1860.

GIORDANO (Giordane), Alberto. Cremona, about 1735-40.

GIORGI, Nicola. Turin, 1745.

GIRANIANI. Leghorn, 1730.

GIRON. (_See_ “Villaume.”)

GIULIANI. Cremona, 1660. Pupil of Nicola Amati.

GOBETTI, Francesco. Venice, 1705. A pupil of Antonio Stradivari.
Alleged fine wood, varnish, and tone.

GOFFRILLER (Gofriler), Antonio. Venice, 18th century.

GOFFRILLER, Francesco. Venice. Fair maker; yellow-brown varnish.

GOFFRILLER, Matteo. Venice, 1690-1740. Careless in wood but careful
in work; yellow varnish; arched pattern violin excellent.

GONNET, Pierre Jean. Paris, 1775-83.

GOSSELIN. An amateur maker in Paris about 1814-30.

GOSSET. Rheims, 1769.

GOUVERNARI, Antonio. Cremona, 1600-10.

GRABENSEE, J. A. Düsseldorf, about 1850-55.

GRAGNANI, Antonio. Leghorn, about 1741-80. Rough workmanship;
inferior wood; sweet tone.

GRAGNANI, Gennaro. Leghorn, 1730.

GRAGNANI, son of Antonio Gragnani. Inferior to his father.

GRANCINO, Francesco and Giam Battista, sons of Giovanni and
grandsons of Paolo Grancino. 1710-60. (_See_ p. 90.)

GRANCINO, Giovanni, son of Paolo Grancino. Milan 1690-1730.

GRANCINO, Paolo. Worked at Milan, 1665-90. Pupil of Nicola Amati at
Cremona.

GRAND-GÉRARD. Vosges, 1790-1810. Also Paris. Prolific but inferior.

GRANDINI, Geronimo, sen. Mirecourt. Some merit.

GRANDJON, sen. Mirecourt.

GRANDJON, J., son of Grandjon, sen. Mirecourt. Fair maker.

GRAY, J. Fochabers, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1870.

GREFFTS, Johann. Fussen, Bavaria, in 1622.

GREGORI. Bologna, 1793.

GRIMM, Carl, b. about 1792; d. 1855, Berlin. One of the best German
makers.

GRIMM, Ludwig, son of Carl Grimm.

GRISERI, Filippo. Florence in 1650.

GROBITZ, A. Warsaw in 1750. Good violins on the Stainer pattern.

GROLL, Matthew. Meran, Tyrol, in 1800.

GROSSET, Paul François. Paris, 1747-59. Pupil of Claude Pierray.
Inferior.

GROSSI, Giuseppe. Bologna in 1803.

GROU. 1752.

GRULLI, Pietro. Cremona, 1883.

GUADAGNINI, Antonio, son of Gaetano, grandson of Carlo Guadagnini,
b. 1831; d. 1881 at Turin. (_See_ p. 86.)

GUADAGNINI, Felice, son of Carlo Guadagnini. Turin, 1835.

GUADAGNINI, Francesco and Giuseppe, sons of Antonio Guadagnini.
Turin.

GUADAGNINI, Gaetano, son of Giambattista, grandson of Lorenzo.
Turin about 1750.

GUADAGNINI, Gaetano. (_See_ “Carlo Guadagnini.”)

GUADAGNINI, Giambattista, son of Lorenzo, b. 1711 at Cremona; d.
Sept 18, 1786, at Turin.

GUADAGNINI, Giovanni Battista, brother of Lorenzo Guadagnini.
Milan, Piacenza, and Turin about 1695-1775.

GUADAGNINI, Giuseppe, second son of Giambattista, grandson of
Lorenzo, b. 1736; d. about 1805.

GUADAGNINI, Giuseppe. (_See_ “Carlo Guadagnini.”)

GUADAGNINI, Giuseppe. (_See_ “Francesco Guadagnini.”)

GUADAGNINI, Lorenzo. b. at Piacenza (?) about 1665. A pupil of
Antonio Stradivari at Cremona.

GUARINI, Joseph. Germigny, Vosges. Good violins, double purfle,
powerful tone.

GUARNERI, Andrea. b. about 1626 at Cremona; d. there Dec. 7, 1698.
(For the Guarneri family, see p. 51.)

GUARNERI, Caterina (?), daughter of Andrea.

GUARNERI, Gian Battista, son of Bernardo, younger brother of Andrea.

GUARNERI, Giuseppe, known as “del Gesù,” the greatest of the
family. (_See_ p. 51.)

GUARNERI, Giuseppe Giovan Battista, second son of Andrea. b. Nov.
25, 1666, Cremona; d. soon after 1738.

GUARNERI, Pietro, son of Giuseppe Giovan Battista Guarneri,
grandson of Andrea, b. April 14, 1695. 1760.

GUARNERI, Pietro Giovanni, eldest son of Andrea. b. Feb. 18, 1655,
at Cremona; d. about 1740.

GUÉDON, Jacques Antoine. Paris, 1775-77.

GUÉRIN, Alexandre Sauveur, 1834-88, Hyères. Pupil and successor of
Edmond Daniel; works at Marseilles; repairs old instruments and
makes new ones on the pattern of Stradivari; much admired.

GUERRA, Giacomo. Modena, 1810.

GUERSAN, Louis. A maker in Paris about 1730-69; one of the best
French makers; great experimentalist; used spirit varnish.

GUGEMMOS (Gugemos). Fussen, Bavaria. Eighteenth century; poor maker.

GUGLIELMI, Giobattista. Cremona, 1747.

GUIDANTUS, Joannes Florenus. Bologna, 1685-1728.

GUIDOMINI, Lorenzo. Milan, 1740.

GUILLAMI. A Spanish family, 1680-1780.

GUITON, R., of Cork. Good.

GUSETTO, Nicola. Florence, 1730.

GUTERMANN. Vienna, nineteenth century. Good.

HAENSEL, Johann Anton. Was maker and musician to the Duke of
Schönburg at Rochsburg, 1800-15.

HAFF. Augsburg, eighteenth century.

HAMBERGER, Joseph. Pressburg, Hungary. Firm still maker at Vienna.

HAMM, Johann Gottfried. A German who worked in Rome about 1810;
violins ivory edged.

HAMMIG, W. H. Leipzig, tenth century; good work.

HARBOUR or Harbur. A maker, London, 1785.

HARDANGER. Norway.

HARDIE, James & Sons. Edinburgh, 1837-90. Industrious makers and
exhibitors. Maggini, Stradivari, and Guarneri models.

HARDIE, Matthew, 1825, and Thomas, 1856. Good violins, violas, and
violoncellos on the Amati pattern.

HARDIE, Peter. Dunkeld, 1773-1863. Excellent violoncellos.

HARE, Joseph (or John), 1700-30. Reacted against Stainer pattern in
favour of Stradivari. London, 1726.

HARHAM. London, 1765-85.

HARMAND. Mirecourt in 1772.

HARRIS, Charles. London, 1780-1800. Seldom labelled; his work good,
especially ’cellos, Stradivari and Amati pattern; red varnish.

HARRIS, Charles, eldest son of Charles Harris. Worked for John
Hart, nineteenth century; yellow varnish.

HART, John Thomas, 1805-74, London. Pupil of Samuel Gilkes; made
few instruments; reputation for experience and skill in repairing.

HASSERT. Eisenach, eighteenth century. Good instruments, not much
arched, beautiful wood, amber-coloured varnish; good copyist.

HASSERT. A brother. Eisenach, 1790, in Rudolstadt. Instruments too
much arched; rather harsh tone.

HAYNES, Jacob. London, 1746. Stainer pattern.

HEBERLEIN, Heinrich, jun. Clever maker in Markneukirchen,
nineteenth century.

HEESOM, Edward. London, 1748-50. Stainer pattern.

HEIDEGGER. Passau.

HEL, Pierre Joseph, 1842-95. Seven years in Mirecourt, then
with Sébastien Vuillaume in Paris, and Nicolas Darche at
Aix-la-Chapelle. In 1865 he started his own business at 14 Rue
Nationale, Lille; full of ingenuity; peculiar methods of seasoning
wood without fire; has received much praise and many honours; a
beautiful maker.

HELD, J. J., b. July 17, 1823-89, Flamersheim, Rheinbach (Cologne).
Great repairer and careful maker of about sixteen instruments a
year; much esteemed.

HELL, Ferdinand. Vienna, 1854. Eccentric maker of a trumpet-violin.

HELMICH. Continued Carl Grimm’s business.

HENDERSON, D. Aberdeen.

HÉNOC (or Hénocq), François. Paris, 1775-89.

HÉNOC (Hénocq), Jean (?Georges Bienaimé). Maker, Paris, 1768 to
about 1790.

HENRY. Paris.

HENRY, Carolus, son of Jean Baptiste Henry, 1803-59; prolific
maker; inventor of a barytone fiddle (not a success); a good maker
otherwise.

HENRY, Eugène, son of Charles Henry, 1843-92; an excellent maker of
fine repairs; business continued by Charles Bruyère.

HENRY, Jean Baptiste, b. 1757-1831, Mataincourt, Mirecourt
(Vosges). He was the head of the present family of makers.

HENRY, Jean Baptiste Félix, eldest son of Jean Baptiste Henry.
1793-1858. Paris. Pupil of his father; in Bordeaux, 1822; in
Marseilles, 1825. In 1844 he returned to Paris. A prolific maker,
but never signed.

HENRY, Octave, son of Jean Baptiste Félix Henry. 1826-54. Paris. In
Grenoble in 1854; made a great many violins.

HENRY. A violin bow-maker; 1812 at Mirecourt; 1870, Paris; worked
with Chanot; made excellent bows.

HILDEBRANDT, Michael Christopher. Hamburg, 1765-1800; good work;
fine repairer.

HILL, Henry Lockey, son of Lockey Hill; grandson of Joseph Hill; b.
1774; d. Aug. 1835. (For Hill family see p. 133).

HILL, John. Red Lion Street, Holborn, 1794.

HILL, Joseph, b. 1715; d. 1784. He was a fellow-apprentice of
Banks, working at “Y^e Harp and Hautboy,” in Piccadilly, London,
under Peter Wamsley, about 1740-42. Worked till 1772. His sons,
William, Joseph, Lockey, and Benjamin, were all makers.

HILL, William, son of Joseph Hill. Worked in London about 1740-80.

HILL, William Ebsworth, son of Henry Lockey Hill, 1817-95. The
present members of the firm are his four eldest sons: William
Henry, b. June 3, 1857, followed the musical profession for
some years before joining his brothers in the business; Arthur
Frederick, b. Jan. 25, 1860; Alfred Ebsworth, b. Feb. 1862, who
worked for some time at Mirecourt (Vosges), and was the first
Englishman to go there to study; and Walter Edgar, b. Nov. 4,
1871, who also worked at Mirecourt. They employ a large staff of
assistants in their workshops at Hanwell. (_See_ p. 133.)

HIRCUTT. London about 1600.

HOCHBRÜCKER. Donauworth, Bavaria, 1699. Later at Augsburg. Made
some violins, but is chiefly known as the inventor of pedals for
the harp, about 1720.

HÖHNE. Dresden and Weimar.

HÖRLEIN, Carl Adam, b. 1829-75. Winkelhof, Würzburg; great
reputation both as maker and repairer.

HOFFMANN, Anton. Courtmaker in Vienna, 1850.

HOFFMANN, Martin. Leipzig, 1725; in Leipzig from about 1685;
violins and violoncellos of good tone, inelegant pattern; shows
well the transition period between viol and violin by recurrence to
older types of a five-stringed violoncello.

HOFMANS, Matthias. Antwerp, 1700-50; choice maker in the Cremona
style.

HOLLOWAY, John. London. 1794.

HOMOLKA, F. Kuttenberg, Bohemia, 1850; good maker, but wood rather
too thick.

HOPKINS. Worcester; exhibited a double-bass in London in 1862.

HORIL, Giacomo. Rome, 1720-50.

HORNSTEINER (Hornstainer), Joseph. Mittenwald, 1730; good
double-basses; mediocre.

HORNSTEINER (Hornstainer), Mathias. Maker in Mittenwald, 1770-1800;
better than Joseph.

HOSBORN, Thomas Alfred. London, 1629. A bass viol exhibited in
Paris, 1878.

HUET, Henri. Paris, 1775-90; good workmanship.

HULINSKI. Prague in 1760; instruments were well made; varnish
red-brown.

HULLER, August. Shœneck, 1735-76.

HULSKAMP, G. H., b. in Westphalia. Settled in New York, U.S.A.
In the 1862 London Exhibition he exhibited violins made on a new
pattern. Instead of the ordinary sound-holes, was one round hole in
the middle of the violin, just below where the bow sets the strings
in motion; his innovations ineffectual.

HUMEL, Christian. Nuremberg in 1709.

HUNGER, Christoph Friedrich, b. 1718, Dresden; d. 1787, Leipzig;
excellent instruments.

HUREL, Jean. Paris, living in 1686, Rue des Arcis, at the sign of
“A l’image de St Pierre”; from 1689 to 1717, Rue St Martin, near
the Fontaine Maubué. He was maker of instruments “pour la musique
du Roy.”

HUSSON. _See_ “Buthod.”

IVRONTIGNI, Wougelli. Turin.

JACOBS, Peeter. Amsterdam, about 1690-1740; prolific maker;
sometimes mistaken for Nicola Amati; grand pattern; whalebone
purfling; sweet tone.

JACOBS. Amsterdam; probably son of Peeter; used dark red varnish of
good quality.

JACOT, A., eldest son of Jean Charles. Paris, 19th century.

JACOT, Jean Charles. Metz, 1811-87.

JACQUOT (Jacquart), Charles, 1804-80. Mirecourt; much esteemed;
careful finish; a learned connoisseur and successful exhibitor.

JACQUOT, Etienne Charles Albert, eldest son of Pierre Charles
Jacquot, b. 1853-82, Nancy.

JACQUOT, Jules Victor, second son of Pierre Charles Jacquot, b.
Aug. 12, 1855.

JACQUOT, Pierre Charles, son of Charles Jacquot; b. March 10,
1828-94. Nancy; had a great reputation, and exhibited beautiful
instruments at various Exhibitions; his two sons worked with him.

JAIS, Johann. Botzen, 1775; varnished brown.

J’ANSON, Edward Popplewell. Manchester. Learnt from William Booth,
jun.

JAUCH, Johann, b. Gratz, Styria; in Dresden, 1765-74. Cremona
pattern; learned maker; tone rather harsh.

JAY, Henry. A maker of viols in London about 1615-67; justly
celebrated, and on the verge of the violin period.

JAY, Henry. Worked in London about 1746-68. He was best known
for the small violins or “kits” that he made, which were used by
dancing-masters; also made some violoncellos.

JAY, Thomas. Working in London from about 1690; made some excellent
violins.

JEANDEL, Pierre Napoleon, 1812-79. Courcelles-sous-Vaudémont
(Meurthe), Rouen, and Paris; red varnish; good tone.

JOHNSON, John. London, 1750-60. Stainer pattern.

JOMBAR, Paul, Paris. He worked for Gand and Bernardel; started his
own business in 1892.

JORIO, Vincenzo. Naples, 1847, Good.

JOSEPH, J. Vienna, 1764.

JULIANO, Francesco. Rome, 1620-70.

KEMBTER. Dibingen, 1725-30. Varnish yellow or reddish; neat maker.

KENNEDY, Alexander. Scotland, 1695-1785. Excellent maker; high
repute; spirit varnish, brown; Stainer pattern.

KENNEDY, John. London, 1816. Buried in Shoreditch Church. Pupil of
Alexander Kennedy. Violins and violas, all very arched; Stainer
pattern.

KENNEDY, Thomas, 1784-1870, London. Son of John Kennedy. Worked
sometimes for William Forster; made at least 300 violoncellos, as
well as other instruments. Good tone, fine finish.

KERLINO, Joann.

KIAPOSSE, Sawes. St Petersburg, 1748-50.

KIESGEN, Louis. Paris. Fine workman. Pattern of Gand; red varnish.

KIRSCHSCHLAG. Tyrol, 1780.

KLEIN, A. In 1884, Rouen. Important firm. Red varnish. High
Exhibition awards.

KLOSS, Ernst. Breslau.

KLOTZ (Kloz), Egidius. (_See_ p. 119.)

KLOTZ, George, son of Mathias and grandson of Egidius Klotz.
Mittenwald, 1750-70.

KLOTZ, Johann Carl. Mittenwald, about 1740-55. Excellent work; dark
varnish.

KLOTZ, Joseph, brother of George Klotz. Mittenwald, 1774. Also
followed the Stainer pattern.

KLOTZ, Mathias, son and pupil of Egidius. 1650. His three sons,
George, Sebastian, and Joseph, were all makers.

KLOTZ, Michael and Carl, two brothers. Mittenwald about 1770. A
great many of the violins with “Stainer” labels are made by members
of the Klotz family.

KLOTZ, Sebastian, a brother of Joseph and George Klotz. 1700-40.
The best maker in the family. Large pattern, not much arched;
varnish is excellent, the tone clear and full.

KLÜHER. Markneukirchen, Saxony.

KNITTING, Philipp. Mittenwald, 1760.

KNITTLE (Knitl), Joseph. Mittenwald, 1790.

KNOOP, Wilhelm. Meiningen. Stainer pattern; good.

KOEUPPERS, Jean. The Hague, 1755-80. Well-made fiddles; ugly yellow
varnish.

KOLB, Hans. Bavaria, 1666.

KOLDITZ, Johann. Rumburg, Bohemia, 1796. Good violins and violas.

KOLDITZ, Mathias Johann. Munich, 1720-55.

KOLIKER, Jean Gabriel. Paris, 1783-99. Clever repairer.

KRAMER, H. Vienna in 1717.

KRIGGE, Heinrich. Danzig, 1756-58. Maggini pattern, model large
size, neat edges and work, and double purfling in ink.

KRINER, Joseph. Mittenwald, 1785-95.

KRUPP, Pierre. Worked in Paris, Rue St Honoré, 1777-91; he also
made harps.

KÜHLEWEIN UND TETZNER. Makers in Markneukirchen. Exhibited in
Munich, 1854.

KÜNTZEL. Berlin. He exhibited a quintet of instruments in London,
1862; tone excellent.

KUNTZEL, Laurent. 1790. Hof Bavaria and Breslau, 1815-55. Excellent
violins on Italian model.

LACROIX, Salomon. Nineteenth century.

LAFLEUR. London, brother of the Parisian maker.

LAFLEUR, Jacques. A bow-maker in Paris. Excellent disciple of
Tourte.

LAFLEUR, Joseph René, son of Jacques. 1812-74. Excellent bow-maker.

LAFRANCHINI, Jacobo de. Worked for Maggini.

LAGETTO, Louis. An Italian maker; Paris, 1745-53; early Italian
model.

LAMBERT. Prolific but indifferent maker.

LAMBERT, Jean Nicolas. Paris, 1743-85. Not remarkable.

LAMBIN. Clever repairer in Ghent, 1800-30.

LAMY, N. Alfred Joseph. A bow-maker; 1850-89, Mirecourt; excellent.

LANDI, Pietro. Sienna, 1774.

LANDOLFI, Carlo Ferdinando. Milan, 1740-75. Unequal maker; at his
best often mistaken for Joseph or Peter Guarnerius; £50 outside
price, but rising in value.

LANTEZ, M. E., son-in-law of Grandjon, sen. Mirecourt.

LANZA (Lansa or Lausa), Antonio Maria. Brescia about 1675; followed
the patterns of Gasparo da Salò and Maggini; excellent maker.

LAPAIX, J. A. Lille (Nord, France), 1840-55. Tried many new shapes
with moderate success; industrious and ingenious.

LAPRÉVOTTE, Etienne. Mirecourt; 1856, Paris. Made good violins;
beautifully finished; also guitars.

LARCHE. Brussels, 1847. Dyed his fiddles with acids, with usual
result of impoverished tone.

LARCHER, Pierre. Tours, 1785. Pupil of Guersan, Paris, but work
dissimilar; brown varnish of poor quality.

LASKA, Joseph. 1738-1805, Prague. Pupil of J. Kolditz; worked for
best makers in Dresden, Berlin, Vienna, and Brünn; his violins
popular in Bohemia, Saxony, and Poland.

LAUTTEN, L. W. Tyrol. One “fine and handsome” violin known.

LAVAZZA (or Lacasso), Antonio Maria. Milan about 1700; Stradivari
pattern; good varnish, pale red.

LAVAZZA, Santino. Was working in Milan at the same time as Antonio
Maria Lavazza.

LEB. Pressburg, eighteenth century; one of the best German makers
of his time.

LE BLANC. Family of makers who, through four generations, worked in
Paris, eighteenth century.

LEBLANC, Claude. Mirecourt, eighteenth century.

LECLERC, J. N. Paris, 1760-80; good maker and repairer.

LECOMTE (or Fouquet-Lecomte), Antoine. Paris, 1775-1800.

LECUYER, Pierre. Paris, 1775-83.

LEDUC, Pierre. Paris, 1647; one of the oldest makers there.

LEEB, J. Carl. 1792-1819. Vienna.

LEFEBVRE (Lefebre), J. B. A Frenchman who worked in Amsterdam,
1735-70; Amati pattern; yellow varnish.

LEFÈVRE (Lefebvre). Toussaint Nicolas Germain. Paris, 1783-89.

LEGROS de la Neuville, Nicolas. French maker, eighteenth century;
guitars, violins, and violoncellos.

LE JEUNE. A family of makers who for several generations worked in
Paris; nineteenth century.

LE JEUNE, François. Paris, eighteenth century; violins and viols;
not remarkable.

LE JEUNE, Jean Baptiste. Made harps and violins in Paris;
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

LE JEUNE, Jean Charles. Paris in 1776; succeeded by his nephew,
Guillaume Martin, in 1822.

LE JEUNE, Louis. Paris, 1783-89.

LE LIÈVRE. Paris, 1750-80.

LEMBÖCK, Gabriel. 1814-92. Budapest; worked with Fischer in Vienna;
copied Guarnerius; much esteemed.

L’EMPEREUR, Jean Baptiste. Paris, 1750; few instruments.

LENK, W., b. 1840; 1881, Schönbach bei Eger, Bohemia; worked under
Klüher in Markneukirchen; then Berlin, Breslau, Vienna; finally
settled at Frankfort; fair maker.

LENTZ (Lenz), Johann Nicolaus. Came from the Tyrol to London;
friend of Bernhard Fendt; varnished like Dodd and J. F. Lott.

LEONI, Carlo. Treviso, 1861.

LEONI. Parma in 1816.

LE PILEUR, Pierre. Paris, 1750-55. Not very good.

LÉTÉ, Simon, b. about 1768; 1828 made very cheap, good fiddles for
£1; at one time a partner of J. B. Vuillaume.

LEWIS, Edward. London about 1700. An excellent maker; yellow and
red varnish; in Thomas Britton’s collection was an “excellent tenor
by Mr Lewis” and a “rare good” bass-violin.

LIEBICH, Ernst, b. Oct. 27, 1796-1876; Stradivari and Guarneri
pattern; he was the father of

LIEBICH, Ernst. 1830-84, Breslau. Italian pattern. His son,

LIEBICH, Ernst. 1862-95, Breslau. Excellent repairer; makes few,
but good; best Italian patterns.

LIEBICH, Johann Gottfried. 1752-1813.

LIEDOLF, Joseph Ferdinand. Vienna eighteenth century.

LIGNOLI, Andrea. Florence, seventeenth century.

LILLY, James. An English maker, 1821.

LINAROLO (Linerolli), Francesco Giovanni. A family, seventeenth
century; on the verge of the violin period; some of their
instruments have been adapted for tenors.

LIPPETA, J. G. Neukirchen, Saxony, 1771.

LIPPOLD, Johann Georg. 1780. Fair maker; brown varnish.

LOLIO, Giambattista. 18th cent.

LOLY, Jacopo. Naples, 1627. Pattern of Grancino; yellow varnish;
made large-sized tenors.

LONGMAN AND BRODERIP, dealers who employed Jay or Benjamin Banks,
and labelled with their own names.

LORENZINI, Gaspare. Piacenza, eighteenth century.

LOTT, George Frederick. 1775-1853.

LOTT, George Frederick. 1800-1868.

LOTT, John Frederick, son of G. F. Lott. (_See_ p. 219.)

LOTZ, Theodor. Pressburg. 1730-40. Good violins.

LOUIS. Geneva.

LOUVET, Jean, brother of Pierre Louvet. Paris, 1730-60. Made bad
fiddles, but good hurdy-gurdys and harps.

LUDICI (Ludge), Geronimo Pietro. An amateur maker in Conegliano in
1709.

LUGLONI, Giuseppe. Venice in 1777.

LUPO, Pietro. Antwerp. In 1559 he is said to have sold to a
musician sent by the town of Utrecht, “five violins enclosed in
their case,” for the sum of £72.

LUPÔT, François, son of Laurent Lupôt.

LUPOT, Nicolas. The greatest of the family. (_See_ p. 106.)

MACGEORGE. Edinburgh, 1800-20.

MACINTOSH. Dublin, 1830-40. Pupil of Thomas Perry.

MAFFEOTTO, Giuseppe. Rome, eighteenth century.

MAGGINI (Magino or Maglino), Gio Paolo. (_See_ p. 32.)

MAIRE, Nicolas. A violin bow-maker in Paris; 1800, in Mirecourt;
1878, Paris; apprenticed to Jacques Lafleur; he made excellent bows.

MALDONNER. Füssen, Bavaria, 1760.

MANN, Hans. Naples, 1720-50. His instruments are rare; Stradivari
and Guarneri patterns.

MANTEGAZZA (or Mantegatia), Pietro and Giovanni. Two brothers
working in Milan about 1750-1800; they made many good altos.

MANTOVANI. Parma, eighteenth century.

MARATTI, Giambattista. Verona about 1690-1700. Good tone.

MARCELLI, Giovanni. Cremona in 1696.

MARCHETTI, Enrico. Turin, nineteenth century. Good maker.

MARCHI, Giovanni Antonio. Bologna, 1740-95. Good violoncellos and
violins; violins high model; beautiful maple-wood back and sides;
varnish golden yellow.

MARCO, Antonio. Venice, 1700.

MARCONCINI, Giuseppe. Pupil of Storioni; Ferrara, where he died at
a great age, 1841; unequal maker; very good sometimes.

MARCONCINI, Luigi. A pupil of Omobono Stradivari, 1760; Ferrara and
Bologna; good workmanship; pale red varnish.

MARIANI, Antonio. Pesaro, 1640 to 1700; not of much value; reminds
of Maggini, but rough, purfling double.

MARINO, Bernardino. Rome. Worked up to 1805.

MARQUIS DE LAIR. Mirecourt, 1800. Violins and violoncellos of
Stradivari pattern; work poor, the wood not good; varnish ugly
brown; tone bad.

MARSHALL, John. London about 1750-60. Stainer pattern; work good.

MARTIN. A family of makers in Paris, chiefly repairers.

MARTIN, Jules. Germigny, Vosges.

MARTIN. London, 1790-95, who lived at Hermitage Bridge, Wapping.

MAST, Jean Laurent. Paris, 1750. His instruments are well made;
violins; blackish varnish.

MAST, Josephus Laurent, son of Jean Laurent Mast. Mirecourt; still
there in 1820; better than his father, but not very noteworthy.

MAUCOTEL, Charles, brother of Charles Adolphe Maucotel. 1807-60,
Mirecourt. Studied under Gand; went to London; excellent tone.

MAUCOTEL, Charles Adolphe, brother of Charles. 1820-58, Mirecourt.
Apprenticed in Mirecourt; went to Paris; worked under J. B.
Vuillaume; excellent copyist of Stradivari.

MAUSSIELL (or Mansiedl), Leonhardt. Nuremberg, 1720-50. Stainer
pattern; very good.

MAYR (Maier), Andreas Ferdinand. Salzburg, about 1740-80. Is said
to have made the small violin on which Mozart learned to play.

MAYSON, Walter H. A maker in Manchester who began as an amateur,
but soon adopted violin-making as a profession. His instruments are
excellent.

MEARES, Richard. A maker of lutes. London in 1677; lute and
viol-maker on verge of the violin.

MÉDARD, Antoine, b. 1621. (_See_ p. 187.)

MÉDARD, François.

MÉDARD, Henri.

MÉDARD, Jean.

MÉDARD, Nicolas.

MÉDARD, Sébastien.

MEIBERI, Francesco. Leghorn, 1745-50.

MELLING. Paris, 1753-71.

MELLINI, Giovanni. Guastalla, Italy, 1768.

MELONI, Antonio. Milan, about 1670-95. Followed the Amati pattern;
his instruments are small, but good tone.

MENNÉGAND, Charles. Nancy, 1885. Apprenticed at Mirecourt; went
to Paris and Amsterdam; worked with Rambaux; returned to Turin;
consummate repairer.

MENNESSON, Emile. 1842-98, Rheims. Has made 2380 violins; fine
copyist of Stradivari’s “Messiah” period; gold medallist.

MÉRIOTTE, Charles. Lyons about 1730-60. Made on the Stradivari
pattern; yellow-brown varnish; good workmanship.

MERLIN, Joseph. London, 1770-80. His violins and his mechanical
pegs for violins and violoncellos at first the vogue, but have
not maintained their place; he followed the high Stainer model;
instruments were well made, but tone not good.

MESSEGUER. A Spanish maker, 1646.

METTE, François. A maker in the South of France.

MEZADRI (Mezzadie), Alessandro. Ferrara, 1690-1720. Amati school,
but failed to rival their grace; inferior tone.

MEZADRI (Mezzadie), Francesco. A maker at Milan about 1700-20; his
altos were of small pattern.

MIALFI, Joannes. A Spanish maker about 1769; nothing remarkable.

MICHAUD. Paris about 1788.

MICHELIS, Pelegrino (or Peregrino) di Zanetto, son of Zanetto de
Michelis, b. 1520. Made lutes and other instruments in Brescia; on
the verge of the violin; a fine tenor known.

MICHELOT, Jacques Pierre. Paris about 1780-95, at the sign of “A la
Mélodie.” He made five-stringed viols and violins.

MIER. London, 1786.

MIGGÉ, Otto, b. June 16, 1857, Coblenz; made 80 violins and 14
violoncellos; good tone.

MILANI, Francesco. Milan about 1740-60. School of Lorenzo
Guadagnini.

MILHET. Bayonne, 1820.

MILLE. Aix-la-Chapelle. A small pocket-violin is known.

MILLER. London, 1750.

MILLER, A. St. Andrews, Scotland.

MINOZZI, Matteo. Bologna, eighteenth century.

MIRAUCOURT, Ludovic (or Joseph). On verge of violin; still made
viols in 1743.

MIREMONT, Claude Augustin, son of Sébastien Miremont. 1827,
Mirecourt; d. 1887, Pontorson (Manche); in 1844 to Paris, and
worked first with Lafleur, then with Bernardel until 1852, when
he left France for America, and settled in New York; returned to
France; made chiefly violoncellos; excellent tone; Stradivari
pattern.

MIREMONT, Sébastien. Mirecourt, 1810.

MODESSIER. Paris in 1810. His instruments a large pattern;
excellent wood.

MOERS, Jean Henri. Paris, 1771.

MOHR, Philipp. Hamburg, 1650.

MOINEL, Charles, nephew of N. E. Cherpitel. Paris, 1893. Continued
Cherpitel’s business.

MOITESSIER, Louis. Mirecourt, 1780 to 1825. He made a large number
of instruments; many violins; rather common; fair tone.

MOLDONNER. Fussen, Bavaria, 1756-98.

MOLINARI, Antonio. Venice, 1672-1703.

MONGENOT. Rouen, 1763.

MONTADE (Montani or Montaldi), Gregorio. Cremona, 1690-1735. Pupil
or imitator of Omobono Stradivari; fairly good.

MONTAGNANA, Domenico. A celebrated maker in Venice about 1720-50.
(_See_ p. 87.)

MONTRON. Paris, 1780-90.

MORELLA, Morglato. A maker of lutes, rebecs, and viols, 1510-50;
has lasted into the violin epoch on account of his viols having
been cut down for violas.

MORONA, Antonio. Istria (Istrien) in 1731.

MORRISON, John. 1760-1830. Poor maker; did job work for the trade.

MOTTENHAVER, Edward. New York, U.S.A., who has taken out a great
many patents for inventions.

MOUGENOT, Georges. 1843-98, Mirecourt (Vosges). Worked in Brussels
for N. F. Vuillaume, and succeeded him; uses “hands,” but plans
and finishes himself; gold medallist.

NADOTTI, Giuseppe. Piacenza, 1760-70.

NAMY, Jean Théodore. Paris, 1755-1807; fine restorer; worked for
Salomon’s widow in Paris.

NAYLOR, Isaac. A pupil of Richard Duke; worked at Headingly, near
Leeds, 1778-92.

NERMEL, J. M. Paris, 1777-89.

NEUNER, Ludwig. 1840, Mittenwald (Bavaria). Grandson of Mathias
Neuner, also a clever maker of violins, who worked for some time
in London; worked for J. B. Vuillaume, Paris; settled in Berlin;
accomplished maker; sends out from his firm 20,000 instruments a
year; very cheap and good money’s worth; can do better quality when
he chooses.

NEWTON, Isaac. London about 1775-1825. He made fairly good
instruments, but used a dingy yellow varnish. Sometimes made
violins and violoncellos for Betts, but these were always varnished
by the latter.

NEZOT. Paris, 1730-60; transition maker from viols to violins; only
a few violins.

NICOLAS, Didier, l’aîné (known as “deaf Nicolas”), 1757-1833,
Mirecourt; clever workman and large employer; large pattern, loud
tone; suitable for orchestra.

NICOLAS, François Nicolas Fourrier (was known simply as “Nicolas”),
b. Oct. 5, 1758. 1816, Paris. Made all the instruments used in the
private orchestra of Napoleon I.; careful choice of wood; good
proportions; closely copied from beautiful specimens of Cremona;
not much in fashion now, but good violins of his still about.

NICOLAS, Joseph, son of Didier Nicolas. 1796-1864. Mirecourt;
eccentric maker; after his death his stamp and his father’s sold
off with stock, and used for violins made by neither. Pupil and
successor of his father.

NICOLAS, Mathieu. Mirecourt. His instruments of ordinary
workmanship, some yellow or red varnish.

NIGGELL, Simpertus. A maker of viols and violins. Fussen, 1743-66;
transition maker of viols and violins; flat pattern.

NORBORN, John. London, 1723.

NORMAN, Barak, b. 1688; d. 1740. (_See_ p. 125.)

NORRIS, John, b. 1739, London; d. March 10, 1818; pupil of Thomas
Smith; went into partnership with Robert Barnes in 1765.

NOVELLO, Pietro Valentino, brother of Marco Antonio Novello.
Venice, eighteenth century.

NOVELLO, Marco Antonio, a brother of Pietro Valentino Novello; in
Venice at the same time; good work.

NOVERSI, Cosimo. Florence, seventeenth century.

OBBO, Marco. Naples, 1712; ordinary work.

OBICI (Obue), Bartolommeo. Verona in 1684.

ODANI, Giuseppe Morello. Naples, 1738.

ODOARDI, Giuseppe. Working until 1675, Ascoli, Italy; some
confusion about his date, 1675-1740; died at 28; self-taught; an
original genius; about two hundred violins; much valued when can be
found.

OHBERG, Johann. Stockholm in 1773; fairly good; a yellow varnish.

ONEDA, Gio. Battista, b. 1529. A maker of cithers and violins (?)
in Brescia about 1562.

ONGARO, Ignazio. Venice, 1783.

ORLANDELLI, Paolo. Codogno, Italy, eighteenth century.

ORTEGA. 1840; maker and repairer. Madrid.

OSTLER, Andreas. Breslau, 1730; chiefly viols.

OTTO, Carl August, fourth son of J. A. Otto; b. 1801, Jena; d.
1883, Ludwigslust; maker to the Mecklenberg-Schwerin Court.

OTTO, Carl Christian, second son of J. A. Otto, 1792; Halle;
repairs old instruments.

OTTO, C. W. F. Louis, fifth son of J. A. Otto, 1805-84, Stockholm.

OTTO, Georg August Gottfried, eldest son of J. A. Otto; 1789,
Weimar; 1857, Jena; good maker.

OTTO, Heinrich Wilhelm, third son of J. A. Otto; b. 1796. Amsterdam
and Berlin.

OTTO, Hermann, son of Ludwig Otto, 1859-84. Cologne, St Petersburg.

OTTO, Jacob August; b. 1764, Gotha; d. 1830, Jena. Pupil of Franz
Anton Ernst at Gotha; settled in Weimar; maker to the Court; worked
also in Halle, Leipzig, Magdeburg, Berlin, and Jena; fine repairer,
but made excellent violins and violoncellos. His five sons all
became violin makers.

OTTO, Ludwig, son of Georg August Gottfried Otto; b. 1821, Jena;
1887, St Petersburg, Cologne, St Petersburg. He exhibited three
violins, a viola, violoncello, and double-bass, in London, 1862.
They were all well made, and were moderately priced.

OTTO, Louis, son of Carl August Otto; b. July 15, 1844,
Ludwigslust. Pupil of his father in Ludwigslust, 1860-65; in
Cologne, 1865-66, then went to Hanover, 1872; then still there
(1898); careful in selection of wood; large Stradivari pattern;
excellent work; has made 238 violins, and many tenors and ’cellos.
First prizeman, Chicago and Melbourne.

OUVRARD, Jean. 1725-46; pupil of Claude Pierray. Transition maker,
but true violoncello pattern, though continued to make viols.

PACHERELE, Michel. A maker in Paris in 1779; followed Guersan;
slightly arched; yellow varnish.

PACHERELE, Pierre. 1803, Mirecourt; 1871, Nice; fellow-apprentice
of J. B. Vuillaume at Mirecourt; worked at Genoa, and with
Pressenda, Turin; made a great many violins, altos, and
violoncellos, all of good workmanship; varnish too thick; took
Stradivari for his model; a clever repairer.

PACQUET. From Aix; working in Marseilles in 1785.

PADEWET, Johann. A good maker; d. about 1874; started at Basle,
1844, but moved to Carlsruhe.

PADEWET, Johann, son of Johann Padewet; b. Aug. 23, 1851-95,
Carlsruhe. Hanover, Berlin, under Aug. Riechers till 1874. Assisted
by two workmen, he makes forty to fifty instruments (violins,
violas, and violoncellos) a year, on the Stradivari pattern, using
oil varnish of reddish-yellow or golden-brown colour; good repairer.

PAGANI, Gian Battista. Cremona, 1747.

PAGANONI, Antonio. Working in Venice in eighteenth century.

PAGEOT (Pajeot), son of Louis Simon Pageot; b. Jan. 25, 1791,
Mirecourt; d. there Aug. 24, 1849. A maker of bows. In his
workshops about 8000 dozens of bows were turned out at prices
varying from 6d. to 14s.

PALATE. Liège, 1710; Italian pattern; excellent instruments.

PALMA, Paolo. Lucca, 1760.

PAMPHILON, Edward. A maker in London, on London Bridge, about
1680-90. (_See_ p. 124.)

PANDOLFI, Antonio. Venice, 1700-20; good; yellow-brown varnish.

PANORMO, Edward, either a son or a grandson of Vincenzo Panormo; he
worked both in London and in Ireland.

PANORMO, George. London. Probably a grandson of Vincenzo Panormo.

PANORMO, George Lewis, second son of Vincenzo Panormo. Very good
bows; fine guitars and a few good fiddles.

PANORMO, Joseph, eldest son of Vincenzo Panormo. London. Died in
great poverty; good workman; violoncellos excellent.

PANORMO, Vincenzo (known as “old Panormo”), b. Nov. 30, 1734,
Monreale, a village near Palermo, Sicily; d. 1813, London. Began
at sixteen; worked in England, Ireland, and Paris; perhaps with
Bergonzi in Cremona; excellent maker; powerful tone; Stradivari
pattern; clear yellow varnish; also guitars.

PANZANI (Pansani), Antonio. Rome, 1735-85; good maker.

PAQUOTTE Frères. Henri Félix, 1857, and Placide, 1864, sons of Jean
Baptiste Paquotte, to whose business they succeeded in July 1888.
Paris; a few violins; excellent in tone, but firm chiefly repaired.

PAQUOTTE, Jean Baptiste. Nephew of Sébastien Paquotte; one of the
best Paris makers of the day, 1860-88.

PAQUOTTE, Sébastien. Mirecourt, 1800-63, Paris. In 1830 he founded
the business in Paris.

PARALDIC. 1722.

PARDI. Paris, 1788.

PARDINI, Bastiano. 1700.

PARIS, Claude. Paris, 1775. In 1816 was joined by his nephew;
spirit varnish, a red-yellow colour.

PARKER, Daniel. London, 1740-85. A very clever workman, possibly a
pupil of Urquhart or Pamphilon. Red varnish, wood excellent, tone
clear and powerful. He made largely for the trade; his instruments
are often sold under other names; no viola or violoncello of his
known. About 1793 instruments valued at five guineas each; about
1805 they realised as much as fifteen.

PARTH (or Perth), Andreas Nicolas. Vienna about 1790.

PASTA, Domenico and Gaetano. Brescia about 1700-30; followed the
Amati instead of the Maggini pattern; poor tone; varnish brown.

PATZELT, Johann Ferdinand. Vienna.

PAZZINI, Gian Gaetano. Florence, 1630-70. According to label a
pupil of Maggini; instruments are not common.

PEARCE, George; b. Nov. 16, 1820, Warminster; d. 1856, London. In
the workshop of S. A. Forster as errand-boy, taught violin-making,
and became an excellent workman.

PEARCE, James and Thomas. Brothers working in London, 1780-1800;
work poor.

PEARCE, William. London.

PECCATE, Charles. Maker of bows in Paris, 1889.

PECCATE, Dominique. 1810, Mirecourt; d. there, Jan. 13, 1874. In
1826 was apprenticed to J. B. Vuillaume at Paris, and worked with
him until 1837; then François Lupot died, and Dominique succeeded
to his business at 18 Rue d’Angivilliers; returned to Mirecourt;
ranks next to François Tourte as a bow-maker; at first sold for
16s., now price quadrupled.

PECCATE, jeune. A brother of Dominique; also made bows; worked for
J. B. Vuillaume; work is inferior to that of his brother, 1856.

PEDRAZZI, Fra Pietro. A Dominican friar; working in Bologna in 1784.

PEMBERTON, Edward. London in 1660; instruments ugly, but tone good
and the varnish fine. It has been suggested that a Pemberton was
the maker of the instrument presented to the Earl of Leicester
by Queen Elizabeth which has “J. 15/78 P.” engraved on the
tail-pin--supposed to be the initials of the maker and the date of
the year (1578) in which it was made. If so, he was the earliest
English maker of the four-stringed violin.

PERAULT. A maker in Paris, 1775-77.

PÉRON (or Perou), Nicolas. Paris, 1775-90; appointed maker to the
Duchess of Orléans; instruments well made; yellow-brown varnish;
Gagliano pattern.

PERRY, Thomas. A maker in Dublin, 1767-1827. He was in partnership
with William Wilkinson; they made good violins.

PERSOIT. Maker of excellent bows in Paris. He made for J. B.
Vuillaume, 1823-41; but then started a business of his own. He
marked his bows “P. R. S.”

PETERS, Michael. Weyberg in 1801, judging from two labels in a
bass-viol of seven strings; the first runs: “Dieses Instrument ist
gemacht, anno 1627,” the second is “Arranschirt von Michael Peters
in Weyberg, anno 1801.”

PETZ. Fussen, Bavaria, 1770.

PEZZARDI. Brescia, 1580-1610; violins similar to those of Maggini;
sometimes sold as Maggini.

PFAB. Hamburg.

PFRETZSCHNER, Carl Friedrich, son of Johann Gottlob Pfretzschner.
Worked in Cremona; no great merit.

PFRETZSCHNER, Johann Gottlob. Cremona, 1794; not good.

PFRETZSCHNER. Neukirchen.

PICHOL. Paris.

PICINO. Padua, 1712; instruments arched; dark varnish.

PIERRARD, Louis, 1890. A maker of excellent violins, with red-brown
varnish, and of good tone, Brussels; pupil of Mougenot, but started
his own business in 1883; wrote “Traité de lutherie.”

PIERRAY (or Pierret), Claude. A contemporary of Boquay; he worked
in Paris about 1700-30.

PIETE (PICTE), Noel. Paris, 1760-1810; beautifully finished
workmanship.

PILLEMENT, F. Paris, 1790-1820; capricious maker; dark varnish.

PILOSIO, Francesco. Gorizia in 1748.

PIQUE, François Louis; b. 1758 at Rorei, near Mirecourt; d. 1822,
Charenton St Maurice. Went to Paris in 1777.

PIROT, Claude. Paris, 1800-20; good violins, Italian pattern;
bellies slightly arched, backs hardly at all; the sound-holes well
cut; varnish thick, red-brown or pale yellow colour.

PITET (or Pilet). A maker in Paris latter part of the seventeenth
century; no great value.

PIZZURMUS (Pozzurnus), David. Genoa, 1760.

PLACK (Plach), Francis. Schœnbock, Bohemia, 1740-80; good violins.

PLANE, W. Glasgow, 1860.

PLANI, Agostino de. Genoa in 1778; commonplace.

PLATNER, Michele. A Swiss; working in Rome in 1747; fair
workmanship; rather arched; scroll well cut; varnish golden-red.

PLUMEREL. Was working in Paris in 1740.

PLUMEREL, Charles. Angers, France, in 1822.

POIROS, Louis. French maker.

POIRSON, Eloph. Paris, 1875-89; first an amateur, afterwards made
for the trade; good work.

POLIS. Luca de. Cremona in 1751.

POLLUSCA (Pollusha), Antonio. Rome in 1751.

PONS, César. Grenoble, 1780-1820; violins large size, arched; work
not good.

POLRON, Peeter. A double-bass used in the Cathedral of Antwerp is
dated 1647.

POSTACCHINI, Andrea. Firmo, 1824; excellent maker, and good
repairer of instruments.

POSTIGLIONE, Vincenzo. 1835 at Naples; good maker, and made many
instruments, which rise every year in value.

POWELL, Royal and Thomas. Two brothers who worked in London,
1770-1800; employed by William Forster, and his son, William
Forster; work neat and good.

PRESSENDA, Giovanni Francesco; b. 1777, Turin; d. there, 1854.
Was the son of a strolling fiddler, Raffaele Pressenda; went to
Cremona; there studied violin-making under Lorenzo Storioni; learnt
there to make the varnish for which his violins were afterwards
noted; Stradivari pattern, not much arched, sound-holes well
cut, proportions correct, wood good, but scrolls rather roughly
finished; red-brown varnish of excellent quality.

PRESTON, John. York, 1785-95.

PREVÔT (or Prevost), P. Charles. Paris from 1775-89.

PRIEUR, Claude Edme Jean. Paris, 1775-89.

QUINOT, Jacques. Paris, 1660. Mentioned in 1680 as being “one of
the most clever of the honourable luthiers of Paris.”

RACCERIS. Mantua, 1670; similar to the Gagliano family, with one of
whom he is said to have been in partnership.

RAFFAELLE, Nella (or Della). Brescia, 18th century; pattern
of Maggini; his instruments have the sides ornamented with
inscriptions; brown varnish; no great merit.

RAMBAUX, Claude Victor, 1806-71; at Darney in the Vosges; d. at
Mirecourt. Went to Caen and worked under Thibout, 1824-27; then to
Paris, where he worked with Gand; great repairer and adapter of old
instruments by cutting down.

RAMFPLER, Franz, 1834-90, Munich; pupil of Andreas Engleder,
Munich; used his own invented varnish; made good fiddles.

RANCE, Thomas. Brussels, about 1680-85.

RANTA, Pietro. Brescia, 1733; Amati pattern.

RASURA, Vincenzo. Lugo, 1785.

RAU, J. F. Nuremberg; exhibited at Munich in 1854 a violin of good
though rather coarse tone.

RAUCH, Breslau, and Rauch of Würzburg, two brothers, 1730-60; good
violins; used their own models; varnish red; tone sound.

RAUCH, Jacob. Mannheim, 1720-50; good work; violins Stainer tone;
excellent altos, violoncellos, and double-basses.

RAUCH, Sebastian, 1725-90 Hamburg, and Leitmeritz in Bohemia;
violins arched, not remarkable.

RAUT, Jean. Bretagne; who worked in Rennes till about 1790; pattern
of Guarneri; red varnish.

RAUTMANN. Brunswick.

RAWLINS. London in 1779.

RAYMAN, Jacob; b. in the Tyrol, but settled in London about 1620-48.

RAZENZO, Carole. Barcelona, 1690.

REALLI, Cosmo Battista. Parma, 1667.

RECHIARDINI, Giovanni (called “Zuano”). Venice, 18th century.

REGNAUT (Renault), Jacques. Paris, 1665-85; a little pocket-violin,
with silver purfling, was dated 1682; maker to the King.

REICHEL, Johann Conrad, brother of Johann Gottfried. Neukirchen in
1779.

REICHEL, Johann Gottfried, brother of Johann Conrad. Absam; pupil
of Stainer; work rough; red-brown varnish of poor quality.

REMY. A French maker; 1840, Paris and London; Italian pattern; wood
artificially aged.

REMY, Hippolyte, eldest son of Jean Mathurin Remy. 1835-70 in
Paris; no great merit.

REMY, Jean Mathurin, son of Mathurin François Remy; b. 1770, Paris;
d. 1854; his work same as father’s; oil varnish.

REMY, Jules Hippolyte, second son of Jean Mathurin Remy; b. 1813,
Paris; d. 1876.

REMY, Mathurin François, 1775-91, Paris; yellow-brown varnish.

RENAUDIN, Léopold; b. 1749, at Mirecourt; guillotined, May 7,
1795. He settled in Paris, living in the Rue St Honoré from 1776
till his death at the sign of “Aux amateurs”; fairly good violins,
but too much arched; varnish almost black in colour; excellent
double-basses.

RENAULT, Nicolas. A French maker, 16th century.

RENAULT, Sébastien. Paris, 1775-1805. Cithers of his are known
dated 1779, 1786, and 1804; a violin is described as made on a
good pattern, with yellow varnish of fair quality; worked with F.
Chatelain. Advt.: “Renault et Chatelain, luthiers, font et vendent
louent, achètent et raccommodent toutes sortes d’instruments de
musique, etc., à Paris.”

RENISTO. Cremona, 1735-40; pupil of Carlo Bergonzi, whose work he
copied closely.

RESLE, Andrea. Fiesso in 1740; good.

REYNAUD, André. Tarascon, 1754-66; good violoncellos.

RICHARDS. London.

RICHELME, A. Marius. Marseilles; curves of the upper and lower
bouts almost returning to the ancient viol-shape. He published in
Marseilles, 1868: “Etudes et observations sur la lutherie ancienne
et moderne.”

RICOLAZZI, Lodovico, 1729.

RIECHERS, 1836, Hanover; d. 1893, Berlin. Was first a pupil
of L. Bausch at Leipzig, then moved to Berlin in 1872, at the
special request of the violinist, Joseph Joachim; made excellent
instruments on the Stradivari and Guarneri patterns; about 1000
violins and over 200 violoncellos were made in his workshop.

RIESS. A maker, Bamberg, about 1740-60; fair maker; Stainer pattern.

RINALDI, Benedetto Gioffredo, Pupil of Pressenda; d. 1890. Turin.

RIVOLTA, Giacomo. Milan, 1822. Good work.

ROCCA, Giuseppe Antonio. Turin, 1835-55; worked at one time for
Pressenda; Stradivari pattern; varnish is poor quality.

RÖSCHER, C. H. W. Bremen, 1871.

ROGER, G. Montpellier, 1820.

ROGERI, Gian Battista; b. Bologna, 1650. Cremona, under Nicolo
Amati; Stradivari was a fellow-pupil of his.

ROISMANN, Johann. Breslau, 1680.

ROL. Paris, 1753.

ROMANO, Pietro. Pavia, 18th century.

ROMARINI, Antonio. Cremona, 18th century.

ROMBOUTS, Pieter. Amsterdam, 1705-35; he made violins, violas, and
violoncellos, much arched; bright but thick varnish.

ROOK, Joseph. London, about 1777-1830; good work; Forster pattern.

ROPIQUET. Paris, 1810-30; he was an orchestral player; made some
violins of no great value.

ROSIERO, Rocco. Cremona, early part of 18th century.

ROSIO, Paolo. 1857, Verolanuova; Brescia.

ROTA, Giovanni. Cremona, 1800-10; rough work; varnish yellow.

ROTA, Giuseppe Antonio. Turin, 1825; his work similar to that of
Pressenda; varnish is red-brown.

ROTH, Johann and Christian. Both about 1675, the former at
Darmstadt and the latter at Augsburg.

ROTTENBROUCK. Brussels, 1700-25; pattern of Amati; red-brown
varnish.

ROVETTA, Antonio. Bergamo, 1840-70.

ROZE. Orléans, 1755-65; good workmanship; varnish yellow.

RUGGERI (Rugieri), Francesco. 1668-1720. Was the first of a family
of makers in Cremona, very often confused with Rogeri of Brescia.
(_See_ p. 50.)

RUGGERI (Rugieri), Giacinto, son of Francesco Ruggeri; b. in
Cremona.

RUGGERI (Rugieri), Guido. Cremona about 1720.

RUGGERI (Rugieri), Pietro Giacomo and Giovanni Battista. Both
working in Brescia about 1700-25.

RUGGERI (Rugieri), Vincenzo, son of Francesco Ruggeri. Cremona
about 1700-30, is also said to have worked in Brescia. He made many
altos and violoncellos; work rough; last member of this family to
make violins. He also used “il Per” on his labels, for the same
reason, probably, viz., to distinguish his work from that of the
Rogeri of Brescia.

RUGGERI, Gianbattista. Cremona, _cir._ 1693.

RUPPERT, Johann Heinrich. Erfurt about 1720. His violins, altos,
and violoncellos were of a flat model, without linings, corner
blocks, or purfling; loud tone, and dark brown varnish.

SACCHINI, Sabattino. Pesaro in 1686.

SACQUIN. Paris about 1830-60; instruments well made, especially the
double basses; followed the Stradivari pattern.

SAINT-PAUL, Antoine. Paris, about 1765-90. He was son-in-law and
successor of Louis Guersan; his advertisement says, “Il fait
et vend toutes sortes d’instruments de musique sçavoir; violons
de Cremone, violons de sa façon et de toutes sortes d’auteurs;
alto-violas, basses et contrebasses.”

SAINT-PAUL, Pierre. Paris, 1740.

SAJOT. Paris, 1730-35; instruments with flat backs; varnish
yellow-brown; the work poor.

SALINO, J. B. Rome in 1760; very arched; varnish bad, brown.

SALLE, le Père. Paris about 1825-53. He made a few violins;
beautiful copies of Guarneri; fine repairer and great connoisseur.

SALOMON, Jean Baptist Deshayes. Rheims, 1747-70 (?); went to
Paris, where his widow carried on the firm, employing Namy; later
he settled in the Rue de l’Arbre-sec (about 1769). He died before
1772, for in that year Namy is mentioned as working for the
widowed Madame Salomon. He made few violins, but they show good
work, and are on a similar pattern to those of Louis Guersan, his
contemporary; they have yellow-brown varnish; unequal maker; some
good violoncellos and bass viols.

SALZARD, F. Paris.

SANONI, Giovanni Battista. Verona, 1740; instruments much arched;
rose-coloured varnish; good work.

SANTAGIULIANA, Giacinto. Venice, 1830.

SANTE, Pesaro. 1670.

SANTE, Giuseppe. Rome, 1778.

SANTO, Giovanni. Naples, 1700-30; copied Amati; small pattern; well
made; varnish poor.

SANTO SERAFINO; b. at Udine; worked in Venice about 1710-48. (_See_
p. 90.)

SANZO SANTINO (Santo Sentino). Milan, 18th century; good; resembles
Grancino.

SARACENI, Domenico. Florence, 17th century.

SARAILLAC, François. Lyons, 1678-1712.

SASSANO. Fine Italian maker; rarely met with; yellow varnish;
beautiful free tone.

SAUNIER, Edmond. 1754-80, Bordeaux and Paris. Was a pupil of
Lambert of Nancy, the “Carpenter,” but did superior work.

SAVANI, Giuseppe. Carpi, 1809.

SAWITZKI (Sawicki), Nicolaus; b. 1792, Poland; d. 1850; settled in
Vienna; good.

SCARAMPELLA, Giuseppe, son of Paolo Scarampella; 1838-80 (?),
Brescia, Paris, Florence. He restored the viola and the famous
violoncello of Stradivari kept in the Istituto Musicale of
Florence, and in 1884 succeeded Castellani as keeper of the
collection of instruments there; makes new instruments, following
the Stradivari or Guarneri del Gesù patterns; tone clear and
strong; the work carefully done; reddish oil varnish.

SCARAMPELLA, Paolo; b. Sept. 25, 1803, Brescia; d. April 7, 1870. A
carpenter by trade, but made many violins, violoncellos, guitars,
and mandolines.

SCARAMPELLA, Stefano, son of Paolo Scarampella. Brescia, 1843;
settled in Mantua; made many good violins.

SCHAENDL, Anton. Mittenwald, 1753.

SCHEINLEIN, Johann Michael, son and pupil of Matthäus Friedrich
Scheinlein; 1751, Langenfeld; large Stainer pattern, but avoided
the arching; full and pleasant tone; but wood not being thick
enough, so not durable.

SCHEINLEIN, Matthäus Friedrich, 1710, Langenfeld in Franken
(Franconia); d. there, 1771. A violinist, but taking great interest
in violin-making, began by repairing old instruments and finished
by making new ones; much arched; dark brown varnish; work careful.

SCHELMAYER, Christian. Cologne.

SCHLICK, Leipzig.

SCHMIDT. Cassel, 1817; Stradivari pattern, but edges are larger and
purfling not so close to the sides; spirit varnish; wood of bad
quality.

SCHMIED. Vienna, 18th century.

SCHÖNFELDER, Johann Adam. Neukirchen in 1743.

SCHONGER, Franz. Erfurt, 18th century; fairly good.

SCHONGER, Georg, son of Franz Schonger. Erfurt; better than his
father, and left some good violins; Italian pattern; good repairer.

SCHORN, Johann Paul; 1680-1716, Innsbrück; made excellent violins;
much arched; good varnish.

SCHÜNEMANN, Otto. German; appointed Director of the School of
Violin-Making at Schwerin.

SCHULZ, Peter. Ratisbon, 1854; German school; good.

SCHUSTER, Gebrüder. Brothers who make cheap fiddles, 75s., good
tone, at Markneukirchen.

SCHUSTER, Michael. Also connected with the business in
Markneukirchen, Saxony.