Chapter X: Part 10

The Slavs of the first generation who were in the second cabin, were nearly all saloon-keepers with their families; and although the change wrought upon them was great, their business obtruded, and they were not pleasant companions. They had retained the reticence of their race, spoke only when spoken to, were suspicious of one’s approach, but warmed to one after a while Their horizon had remained bounded by the mining camps in which their saloons were located; even those from Pittsburg, and they were not a few, had not looked deep into our American life.

That the Pole and Slovak will be hard to change, and that they present somewhat tough material, not easily assimilated, often forces itself upon me; yet when I see their children, that second generation, born in America, I can see no difference between the Slav and the German. One of the most beautiful girls on board of ship, one of the most refined in her attire and behaviour, was a Bohemian girl born in Chicago. Although she spoke the language of her people, she spoke English better, associated with the American girls on board of ship, and it would have taken a keen student of racial stock to discover her Bohemian origin. She is not an isolated figure nor an exception. On nearly every journey I have taken I have found her type, and I recall with especial pleasure and satisfaction the companionship of two Bohemian school teachers from Cleveland, Ohio, both of them born in Bohemia, but having grown to womanhood on the shores of Lake Erie. While they showed in their faces the Slavic strain, they were thoroughly Americanized and must have been a blessing to the children whom they taught.

So one’s apprehension is quieted by such facts, which are by no means rare. Certain crude elements may survive, even in the second generation, and may perhaps enter into our racial existence, but other such elements have come to us from other races, and have not spoiled us nor yet undone us. If we were to pick out on board of ship the most disagreeable people, we would not seek them among the Slavs nor among the Italians, but among a certain class of German and Jewish Americans, who are all flesh; blasphemous in language, intemperate in habits and who are intensely disliked on the other side of the Atlantic among their own kinsmen. This is not intended to reflect upon that large class of sober and intelligent naturalized Americans one meets; but to emphasize the fact, that the classes of immigrants most desired by us, compare very well with the best element in our polyglot population. Looking back over all my experiences, I am justified in saying that the Slav, the Italian and the Russian Jew, will finally compare well with the earlier output of foreign born Americans.

The last night before the landing, an enterprising and pleasure loving Jew arranged a concert; and although the participants were Jews, Bohemians, Poles, Germans and Russians, it was a typical American affair, was as decorous as a church social, and nearly as dull. These children of the foreigners sang American parlour songs, recited “Over the hills to the poorhouse,” and other poems which are intended to make one happy by making one sad, and they concluded by singing together “My Country ’tis of Thee,” but could not remember the words beyond the second verse, which is so typical of our own young people.

The day we were to land there were more American flags in evidence in the second cabin than in any other quarter of the ship. The over-patriotic Jew had his dozen flags out, swinging them all in the face of the German policemen who lined the dock at Bremerhaven. Every button-hole bore the Stars and Stripes. When one of the thriftier Jews suggested that the wearing of the flag would cost them money, because the hotel keepers would charge them American rates, another replied: “It is worth all they will make me pay,” while another still more emphatically said: “They will see it in mine face that I am from America; let it cost me money.”

Swinging the Stars and Stripes they descended the gang plank; Slavs, Italians and Jews, all of them vociferous, patriotic Americans. Wherever they went they proclaimed their love for this country, and the superiority of America over the whole world.

“I will talk nothing but American; let them learn American, the best language in the world,” said one; and much to the chagrin of the sensitive Europeans, these second class passengers went blatantly and noisily through the streets of the cities of Europe, criticising everything they saw, from barber shops to statuary. One of them who had travelled far, who had seen on that journey the galleries of Paris, Munich and Dresden, and who had some little art sense, said: “I tell you the finest piece of statuary in the whole world is the Goddess of Liberty in New York Harbour;” and all those who heard said: “Amen.”

How deep the American ideals have taken root among them, one cannot yet discern; how completely the second generation will come under their sway, how much of the old world spirit will disappear or remain, is difficult to determine. This is no time to be blindly optimistic nor hopelessly pessimistic; it is a time for facing the dangers and not fearing them; for this is the noontide of our day of grace. This is the time to bring into action the best there is in American ideals; for as we present ourselves to this mass of men, so it will become. At present the mass is still a lump of clay in the hands of the potter; a huge lump it is true, but America is gigantic and this is not the least of the gigantic tasks left for her mighty sons and daughters to perform.

XXV

AU REVOIR

_My Dear Lady of the First Cabin:_

I have followed your good advice, have told my story as I told it to you; and yours be the praise and the blame. You interrupted me in the telling, by saying that I did not know the first cabin, and that my story would not be complete until I knew that part of the ship and that portion of the world also.

I have as you see taken passage in the first cabin. They sold me the ticket as readily as if it were for the steerage and did not ask for my pedigree, only for my check. Fifty dollars more gave me the privilege of sitting where you sat (which was at one time the “seat of the scornful”), of looking proudly upon the second cabin, and pityingly upon the steerage below.

It is a delightful sensation this; of being summoned to your meals by the notes of a bugle rather than by the jangle of a shrill bell; of looking over half a yard of menu, and ordering what you want, and whom you want, just as you please, rather than being ordered about as some one else pleases.

The first day out I found the first cabin as quiet as the steerage; only more dignified. The passengers were walking on tiptoe; many of them trying to adjust themselves to these labyrinthine luxuries; while the distinguished rustle of silken petticoats relieved the pressure of the atmosphere, which naturally was tense from the excitement of the beginning of a journey. Critically, almost with hostility, each passenger measured the other; the tables were buried beneath the loads of flowers and floral designs which were past the fading, and in the first melancholy stages of decay; so that all of it reminded me of a palatial home, to which the mourners have just returned from a rich uncle’s funeral.

As yet, no one had spoken to me, although I had volunteered a wise remark about the weather to one passenger, and the gentleman addressed recoiled as if I had struck him with a sledge hammer. I learned afterwards that he occupied a thousand dollar suite of rooms and that his name was Kalbsfoos or something like it. In choosing his seat at the table, I heard him remark to the head steward that he did not want to sit “near Jews,” nor any “second class looking crowd”; but that was a difficult task to accomplish.

More than a third of the passengers were Jews, and more than two-thirds were people whose names and bearing betrayed the fact that they were either the children of immigrants, or immigrants themselves, who too were returning to the Old World because they had succeeded. In the Vs. Mr. Vanderbilt’s name headed the list, but the name closest to his was Vogelstein; while between such American or English names as Wallace and Wallingford, were a dozen Woolfs and Wumelbachers, Weises and Wiesels. I need not tell you of the multitude of the Rosenbergs and Rosenthals there were in our cabin. Mr. Funkelstein and Mr. Jaborsky were my room-mates. First cabin after all is only steerage twice removed, and beneath its tinsel and varnish, it is the same piece of world as that below me; which you pity, and which you dread.

The staple conversation to-day is the size of the pool--which has reached the thousand dollar mark, and the fact that a certain actor lost fifteen thousand dollars at poker the night before. In the second cabin the pool was smaller, the limit in poker ten cents; while in the steerage they lived, unconscious of the fact that pools and poker are necessary accompaniments of an ocean voyage.

It is a stratified society in which I find myself up here, and the lines are marked--dollar marked. The stewards instinctively know the size of our bank accounts by our wardrobes. Around the captain’s table are gathered the stars in the financial firmament; those whom nobody knows, who travel without retinue are at the remote edges of the dining room, far away from the lime light.

In the steerage, everybody “gets his grub” in the same way, in the same tin pans--“first come first served”; and all of us are kicked in the same unceremonious way by the ship’s crew.

The first cabin and the society it represents are not all finished products. There are many of those who eat, even at the captain’s table, who are still in blessed ignorance of the fact, that knives were not made for the eating of blueberry pie; and who also do not know what use to make of the tiny bowls of water in which rose leaves float, when they are placed before them.

Then there are the maidens who walk about with mannish tread, talking loudly and violently through their noses; who assault the piano furiously with the notes of rag-time marches; and who waft upon the air perfumes which offend one’s olfactory nerves.

Yet beside them, and in strong contrast to them are those superb men and women, the flower of American civilization, whose like has never been created anywhere else in the world.

No, what I have learned in the first cabin has not changed my vision in the least; for the world it represents is not closed to me; and I reckoned with it in my story. You know enough about me to realize that I harbour no class or race prejudices, and that I try to “play fair.”

The people of the steerage are in a large measure what I told you they are--primitive, uncultured, untutored people; with all their virtues and vices in the making. They are the best material with which to build a nation materially; they are good stock to be used in replenishing physical depletion; and capable of taking on the highest intellectual and spiritual culture. They are a serious problem in every respect; whether you shut the gates of Ellis Island to-day or to-morrow, those that are here are an equally serious problem.

One thing the journey in the first cabin has done for me; it has made me grateful for my journeys in the steerage; grateful that I could stand among those tangling threads out of which our national life is being woven, and see the woof and the warp, and know that the woof is good. I am conscious of the fact that it will take strong sound warp to hold it together, to fill out our pattern and complete our plan. Oh, my dear lady! What a great country in the making this is! And how close you and I are to the making!

Here are we, living at a time in which the greatest phenomenon of history is taking place. Future generations will wonder at the process and will say: “A new gigantic race was being born between the Atlantic and the Pacific; a race born to build or to destroy, to cry to the world, ‘Ground Arms,’ or cast it into the hell of war; a race in which are welded all kindreds of the people of the earth, or a race which will destroy itself by mutual hate.”

My lady, you and I are here to work at a task which will outstrip all the wonders of the world, and we cannot do it in our own strength; we need to call to each other, as we bend to our task, the greeting which the Slovaks sent after you when you left the ship:

“Z’Boghem, Z’Boghem,”
“The Lord be with thee.”

APPENDIX

IMMIGRATION STATISTICS

The author has refrained from using statistics in his book, not because he has any objection to figures; but because the statistics of immigration (even those prepared by the United States Government) are misleading.

Professor Walter F. Willcox, Chairman of the Committee on Basal Statistics, appointed by the National Civic Federation, calls attention to this fact in his report, and gives the following reasons for their unreliability.

The meaning of any statistics depends largely upon the meaning of
the unit in which the statistics are expressed. It is a common but
fallacious assumption that a word used as the name of a statistical
unit has precisely the same meaning that it has when used in
popular speech. In the present case the word “immigrant” has had
and to some degree still has different meanings, which may be
called respectively the popular or theoretical meaning and the
administrative or statistical meaning, and these two should be
carefully distinguished.

In the popular or theoretical sense an immigrant is a person of
foreign birth who is crossing the country’s boundary and entering
the United States with intent to remain and become an addition to
the population of the country. In this sense of the word an alien
arrival is an immigrant whether he comes by water or by land, in
the steerage or in the cabin, from contiguous or non-contiguous
territory, and whether he pays or does not pay the head tax. The
essential element is an addition to the population of the country
as a result of travel and the word thus covers all additions to the
population otherwise than by birth. A person cannot be an immigrant
to the United States more than once any more than a person can be
born more than once. It is a characteristic of this meaning that it
does not alter.

The word immigrant in its administrative or statistical sense is
not defined in the Reports of the Commissioner-General of
Immigration, but from that source and from the instructions and
other circulars issued by the Bureau the following statements
regarding its meaning have been drawn:

1. The administrative or statistical meaning of immigrant is not
fixed by statute law but is determined by the definitions or
explanations of the Bureau of Immigration and those are dependent
upon and vary with the law and administrative decisions.

2. In the latest circular of the Bureau immigrants are defined as
“arriving aliens whose last permanent residence was in a country
other than the United States who intend to reside in the United
States.” This definition seems to agree closely with the popular or
theoretical one.

3. But the foregoing definition is modified by a subsequent
paragraph of the same circular which excludes from the immigrant
class “citizens of British North America and Mexico coming direct
therefrom by sea or rail.” So the official definition is
substantially this: An alien neither a resident of the United
States nor a citizen of British North America, Cuba or Mexico, who
arrives in the United States intending to reside there.

4. The only important difference between these two definitions is
that the statistical definition excludes, as the popular definition
does not, citizens of British North America, Cuba and Mexico. As
the natives of Canada and Mexico living in the United States in
1900 were 14.2 per cent. of the natives of all other foreign
countries, it seems likely that the figures of immigration for the
year 1905-06 should be increased about 14.2 per cent. in order to
get an approximate estimate of the total immigration into the
country during the year just ended.

5. Perhaps the most important difference between the popular or
theoretical and the statistical definition of immigrant is that the
former is unchanging and the latter has been modified several times
by changes of law or by modifications of administrative
interpretation.

6. Until January 1, 1906, an alien arrival was counted as an
immigrant each time he entered the country, but since that date an
alien who has acquired a residence in the United States and is
returning from a visit abroad is not classed as an immigrant. This
administrative change has brought the statistical and the popular
meanings of immigrant into closer agreement, but in so doing has
reduced the apparent number of immigrants more than ten per cent.
and has made it difficult to compare the earlier and the later
statistics.

7. Until January 1, 1903, an alien arriving in the first or second
cabin was not classed as an immigrant, but rather under the head of
other alien passengers. This change likewise brought the two
meanings of immigrant into closer agreement, but also made it
difficult to compare the figures before and after that date. By a
mere change of administrative definition the reported number of
immigrants was increased nearly twelve per cent.

8. Until the same date an alien arrival in transit to some other
country was deemed an immigrant, but since that date such persons
have been classed as non-immigrant aliens. This change also makes
the figures before 1903 not strictly comparable with later ones.
About three per cent. of those who were formerly classed as aliens
have been excluded since 1903. The alteration has brought the two
definitions closer together, but in so doing has entailed
administrative difficulties which lead the bureau to favour a
return to the former system or at least to favour collecting the
head tax from such aliens in transit.

9. An immigrant in the statistical sense is a person liable for and
paying the head tax. But to this there are two slight exceptions.
Deserting alien seamen not apprehended are liable for the head tax
which is paid by the company from which they desert, but such cases
are not included in the statistics. Citizens of British North
America, Cuba and Mexico coming from other ports than those of
their own country are reported as immigrants, but do not pay the
head tax. Obviously both are minor exceptions hardly affecting the
rule. In the popular or theoretical meaning of immigrant this head
tax is not an element.

10. Probably other changes of definition have occurred of recent
years. No attempt has been made to exhaust the list. The general
tendency of the changes has clearly been towards a closer agreement
of the popular and the statistical meanings. But they have probably
tended to make the increase of immigration indicated by the figures
greater than the actual increase, and to that degree to make the
figures misleading. If the Government Bureau of Immigration and
Naturalization could make a carefully studied estimate of the
extent to which such changes in the official reports really modify
the apparent meaning of the published figures, it would render a
valuable service.

11. A committee like the present can hardly make such an estimate
or go further than to point out that for the reasons indicated the
official statistics of immigration are likely to be seriously
misinterpreted and are constantly misinterpreted by the public.

The official statistics of immigration being subject to all the
qualifications indicated and reflecting so imperfectly the amount
of immigration as ordinarily or popularly conceived the question at
once arises, Can any substitute or any alternative be proposed?
What the public is mainly interested in, I think, and what it
commonly but erroneously believes is indicated by the official
figures of immigration, is the net addition to the population year
by year as a result of the currents of travel between the United
States and other countries.

Alternative figures for the last eight years, a period which
closely coincides with the last great wave of immigration now at or
near its crest, may be had by comparing the total arrivals and
departures in the effort to get the net gain. The results appear in
the following table:

_Per Cent.
That Net
Total Total Arrivals Increase
Passengers Passengers Total Minus Makes of
Fiscal Year Arrivals Departed Immigration Departure Immigration_
1898 ... 343,963 225,411 229,299 118,552 51.8
1899 ... 429,796 256,008 311,715 173,788 55.8
1900 ... 594,478 293,404 448,572 301,074 67.0
1901 ... 675,025 306,724 487,918 368,304 75.5
1902 ... 820,893 326,760 648,743 494,133 76.3
1903 ... 1,025,834 375,261 857,046 650,573 75.9
1904 ... 988,688 508,204 812,870 480,484 59.3
1905 ... 1,234,615 536,151 1,026,499 698,464 68.1
--------- --------- --------- ----
1898-1905 4,822,662 3,285,372 68.1

The figures indicate that the net increase of population by
immigration during the last eight years has been slightly more than
two-thirds of the reported immigration. But these figures of net
increase should be increased by an estimate of the arrivals by land
from Canada and Mexico. As the Canadians and Mexicans by birth
residing in the United States in 1900 were 14.2 per cent. of all
residents born in other foreign countries, this would indicate an
influx of 466,000 Canadians and Mexicans, a figure probably in
excess of the truth since the currents have probably been setting
Canadaward of recent years. I estimate, therefore, that the net
increase from immigration 1898-1905 has been about 3,750,000
instead of 4,820,000 as might be inferred from the reports of the
bureau of immigration. The actual increase would then be about
seventy-eight per cent. of the apparent increase.

Printed in the United States of America

INDEX

“Americana,” by Dr. Lamprecht, quoted, 321

Americanizing the stranger, 291

Americans, poor example set by, 119

Americans or foreigners, in the slums, 316

Amish, the, 96

Anti-Semitic riots, 53

Ashkenazim, the, 146

Assimilation, miracle of, 291

Atheism of Hungarians, 249

Austro-Hungarian Jews, 148

Bialistok, Jews from, 61, 325

Bohemian movement, beginning of, 23

Bohemian immigrant, distribution of, 225;
characteristics of, 227;
irreligion of, 228;
socialism of, 234;
both best and worst, 235

Bohemian school teachers from Cleveland, 355

Bulgarians, the, 26, 180

Castle Garden days, 78

Catholic, _see_ also Roman Catholic

Catholic Church, foreign priests a hindrance to, 323;
and the Bohemians, 229;
and the Italian, 278

Catholic Hungarians, 247

Centre of Mill Horror, 222

Christian Church and Jews, 164

Church, political power of, 322

Citizenship papers for ten dollars, 331

Commissioner Watchorn, Ellis Island, 81

Commissioner Williams, Ellis Island, 81

Competition the life of prejudice, 309.

Count Aponyi, Hungary, quoted, 318

Crainers, the, 212

Criminal element among immigrants, 75

Criminals, Italian, 255, 273

Croatians, the, 26, 180, 212

Czechs, the, 180

Dalmatians, the, 26, 181

Degeneration due to influx of foreigner, not evident, 304

Deported from Ellis Island, 65, 66, 68, 72, 82, 92

Detention room, in the, 68

Diocletian, palace of, a Slavic town, 18

Economic problem of new American, 309

Economic value of immigrant, 318

Educational Alliance, the, 161, 163

Ellis Island ahead, 48;
examination at, 65;
conditions at, 79;
new conditions at, 86

Emigrant, passports for, 31;
treatment of, at port of embarkation, 32;
medical examination of, 35;
examination of, at home, 75

Endeavour Societies, Jewish, 151

Ethical Culture Society, the, 152

Excluding the weak and helpless, 72

Families divided, by inspectors, 65

Finns, the, 27

Free thinkers, 106

First Cabin vs. Steerage, 14

Gentlemen in homespun vs. beasts in broadcloth, 46

George, Joseph J., Worcester, Mass., and Syrian children, 83

Geringer, Mr., editor _Svornost_, 228, 229

Ghetto, the Russian, 136;
of New York, 154;
vs. the West Side, 305;
vs. upper Broadway, 306

German aristocracy, the real, 98

German Evangelical Church, 108

German immigrants, the first, 94;
characteristics of, 97;
socialism of, 98;
intellectual life of, 100;
social life of, 101;
political influence of, 103;
influence of Church upon, 105;
materialism of, 107;
influence of, on religious life, 108

German Jews, 148

German Methodists, 108

Great Russian, the, 181

Greek Catholic Church, the, 204

Greek Catholic immigrants, 322

Greek Church and the Slav, 204

Greek immigrant, the, 282;
characteristics of, 285, 288;
and the Church, 287

Greek Orthodox immigrants, 322

Greek play at Hull House, 291

Hall, Prescott F., quoted, 296

Hamburg, treatment of emigrant, 34

Hartford, Conn., Italian district, 266;
gathering of Jews in, 298

Hearst influence in the Ghetto, 168

Hertzl, Theodore, 298

Hester Street vs. the West Side, 305

Hoar, Geo. F., Senator, quoted, 82

Hoboken saloon-keeper, the, 348

Hungarian, _see_ also Magyar

Hungarian Catholic, the, 247

Hungarian Greek Catholic, 247

Hungarian gypsies, 244

Hungarian immigrant, characteristics of, 250;
socialism of, 244;
hostility to religion, 249

Hungarian Jews in second cabin, 351

Hungarian Protestant, the, 248

“Hunkies,” 198;
looking for work, 213;
in steel mills in Penn., 220;
with the Illinois Steel Co., 222

Huss, John, succeeded by George Washington, 234

Illyrian, the, 180

Imagination and reality, 74

Immigrant of to-day, characteristics of, 29;
expectations of, 62;
treatment of, at Ellis Island, 79;
types of, 91;
not content with old conditions, 311;
problem of, not an economic one, 314;
economic value of, 318;
economic effect on his own country, 318;
religious ideas of, 322;
amenable to religious influence, 326;
in politics, 330;
patriotism of, 332

Immigrant societies, 64

Immigration, quality of, improving, 91;
where the danger lies, 92

Immigration laws, effect on steam ship companies, 35;
amendment to, procured by Senator Hoar, 85;
as to public charge, 92

Immigration Congress, N. Y., 315

Infidelity of Bohemians, 228

Ingersoll, Robert, influence of, 228, 230

Inspectors at Ellis Island, 80

Italian movement, beginning of 19

Italian, the, at home, 28, 252;
characteristics of, 253;
affected by other races, 253;
lawlessness of, 255;
criminals, 255;
distrust of the Church, 258, 260

Italian immigrant, the, 262;
characteristics of, 262;
distribution of, 264, 269;
in business, 268;
competitor of the Jew, 271;
and the school, 276;
and the Church, 277

Italians returning in the second cabin, 354

Jamestown, N. Y., Swedish colony of, 117, 122

Jewish movement, beginning of, 21

Jewish world, the real, 133

Jews the, in the old world, 126;
homelessness of, 126;
distribution of, 127;
characteristics of, 127;
in Russia, 134;
socialism of, 140;
250th anniversary of landing in America, 143;
charter granted to, in 1655, 144;
four groups of, 147;
spiritual movements among, 151;
and the Christian churches, 164, 329;
missions in the Ghetto, 166;
in politics, 167;
second generation of, 171;
mutual distrust of, 172;
racial fealty of, 303;
relation to Christianity, 329

Judaism, crisis of, in America, 302.

Kishineff, Jews from, 61, 325

Labour market, changes in, 310

Labour unions or manufacturers’ associations, 310

Lady of the First Cabin, The, 9, 359

Lamprecht, Prof. K., quoted, 101, 321

Lindsburgh, Kansas, model Swedish town, 122

Lithuanians, the, 27

Little Hungary, 238, 305;
as a political school, 352

Little Russian, the, 182

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Senator, 83

Lombroso, Dr., on criminology, 256

Lutheran church, influence of, 105

Lutheran church and the Swedes, 118

Magyar, _see_ also Hungarian

Magyar, the, 27;
Jews, 149;
in Austro-Hungary, 241;
in Little Hungary, 242;
political tendencies of, 244;
not Slavs, 241

Man at the Gate, the, 78

Marxian Socialism, 98, 234

Massarik, Professor, quoted, 230

Materialism of Germans, 107;
of Bohemians, 230

Mennonites, the, 94

Milwaukee, the most German city, 100

Minneapolis, 115, 122

Minnesota, Swedes unpopular in, 117

Money sent home by immigrant, an economic gain, 320

Montefiore, Sir Moses, 131

Montenegrins, the, 26, 180

Moravians, the, 96

National Immigrant Societies, 64

Neglect, effect of, 124

Nelson, Knute, 117

New Britain, Conn., Polish town, 212

New Greece, Chicago, 288

New Prague, typical Bohemian town, 231

New Ulm, a city without a church, 98

Odessa, Jews from, 61

Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 96

Paupers and criminals, a million a year? 72

Pole, the, vs. the Slovak, 210

Polish movement, beginning of, 24

Polish town, New Britain, Conn., 211

Political immigrants, 97

Political tutelage of immigrants, 330

Pope Pius X, 259

President Roosevelt and Ellis Island, 81

Prohibitionists, the first, 96

Protecting American labour, 309

Protestant influence on Bohemians, 231;
Hungarians, 248;
Church and the Italians, 281

Public charge, a, 68

Rabbinism, power of, 146

Rabbis of the Ghetto, 162

Race movement of Eastern Europe, 16

Races, difficulty of distinguishing between, 294

Racial characteristics, changes in, 294

Racial fealty of Jews, 303

Religions, national, 322

Religious atmosphere of America, 321

Religious ideas of immigrants, 322

Republicans, Democrats and “Inepenny,” 345

Restriction Immigration League, 296

Returned immigrant, influence at home, 339

Roman displaced by Slav, 18

Roman Catholic, _see_ also Catholic

Roman Catholic Church, influence on Germans, 105;
and the Slav, 204

Roman Catholic immigrants, 322

Roosevelt, President, and Ellis Island, 81;
letter to, of Senator Hoar, 84

Russian Jews, 150;
characteristics of, 173

Russian refugees, 57

Saloon-keepers in second cabin, 349

Scandinavian immigrant, the, 112;
characteristics of, 113;
distribution of, 114;
second generation of, 113;
considered unreliable, 117;
town of Lindsburgh, Kansas, 122

Schurz, Carl, 97

Schwenkfelders, the, 96

Secret societies of Italy, 256

Sephardic Congregations, 145

Servant girl, as she returns, 337

Servians, the, 26, 180, 212

Shylock vs. Daniel Deronda, 130

Silverman, Dr. Joseph, 143

Slav at home, the, 20;
distribution of, 179;
characteristics of, 180, 183;
blood revenge still practiced, 185;
treatment of women, 187;
love of music, 189;
religious feeling of, 195

Slavic immigrant, the, 198;
the Slovak, 198;
the Pole, 198, 210;
the Bohemian, 225

Slavic literature, 194

Slovak movement, the, 25

Slovak, the, 180, 191, 200;
in politics, 206;
entertainments, 207;
as a type, 301

Slovenes, the, 26, 181

Slums in the, Americans or foreigners, 316

Socialism of Germans, 98;
of Jews, 140;
of Bohemians, 234;
of Italians, 257

Social nose or social heart, 12

Social Democracy, and the Magyars, 243

Social Democrats in the Ghetto, 167

Social Labour Jews, 169

South Chicago, steel mills of, 222

Spanish Jews, 147

Steamship companies, responsibility of, 76

Steerage, the, from the quarter-deck, 10;
conditions in, 35;
vs. second cabin, 36;
should be abolished, 37;
accommodations, English best, 38;
vs. the slum, 41;
songs, 42;
comradeship of, 43, 50;
amusements of, 51;
question of, 53;
shadows of the past, 53;
polyglot sermon in, 62;
and anarchy, 77;
fellowship of, on return voyage, 334;
self-assertive on return, 335

“Stomach Jews” vs. “Soul Jews,” 328

Stratified society in first cabin, 362

Strikes by foreigners, 311

_Svornost_, Bohemian infidel paper, 228, 232

Swedes, _see_ Scandinavians

Syrian children, story of, 82

Syrians, the, 28

Tragedy of the deported, 65, 66, 68-72, 82, 92

Tucker, President, quoted, 326

Tunkers, the, 96

Turner Societies, 106, 230

University Settlement, the, 164

Vanderbilt vs. Vogelstein, 361

Watchorn, Robert, Commissioner, Ellis Island, 81;
secures reforms, 86

Wends, the, 180

West Side vs. Ghetto, 14

Williams, William, Commissioner at Ellis Island, 81

Yiddish, the, 156

Zionistic movement, 141

Zionist leader, Theodore Hertzl, 298

* * * * *

SOCIOLOGICAL

_HAROLD BEGBIE_

The Crisis of Morals

“The Weakest Link.” 12mo, cloth, net 75c.

“Here is a strong plea for social purity and a call for earnest effort to educate and lead the world into purer life. The author of “Twice-Born Men” has a clear conception of the fact that divine grace is needed to change human hearts and to make this a new world. The book is a strong plea for a clean life for both men and women.”--_Herald and Presbyter._

_ERNEST GORDON_

The Anti-Alcohol Movement in Europe

Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, net $1.50.

The mayor of Seattle, Wash. (George F. Cotterill) says: “I cannot urge too strongly that every effort be made toward the widest distribution of this book as the greatest single contribution that can be made toward greater prohibition progress in America.”

_L. H. HAMMOND_

In Black and White

An Interpretation of Life in the South. Illustrated, cloth, net $1.25.

“A valuable, optimistic study of the problem of work among the colored people in the South. The author studies the Southern negro in his social, civic, and domestic relations. The ever increasing multitude of those who are eager to solve the problem of the negro, will find in this book much that is extremely helpful and suggestive.”--_Christian Observer._

_FRANK TRACY CARLTON_

_Prof. of History and Economics Albion College, Mich._

The Industrial Situation

12mo, cloth, net 75c.

“A useful little book on ‘The Industrial Situation.’ Dr. Carlton gives a survey of conditions as they existed prior to the era of modern industrialism and treats the economic and industrial developments of our own time in a concise and enlightening way, giving brief expositions of such topics as ‘Women and Children in Industry,’ ‘Industry and the School System,’ etc.”--_Review of Reviews._

_IMMIGRANTS IN THE MAKING_

Each, illustrated, 12mo, paper, net 25c.

=The Bohemians.= By EDITH FOWLER CHASE.

=The Italians.= By SARAH GERTRUDE POMEROY.

The purpose of this series is to give, in compact form, the history, life, and character of people whose worse sides alone are usually displayed upon their arrival in this country. Other volumes, on the Syrians, the people of the Balkans, etc., are in preparation.

HOME MISSIONS, RESCUE WORK, Etc.

* * * * *

_HON. FRANCIS LEUPP_ _Former U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs_

=In Red Man’s Land= =A Story of the American Indian=

_Home Mission Study Course._ Illustrated, 16mo, paper, net 30c; cloth, net 50c.

“Packed full of information and common sense. The author knows his subject thoroughly and treats it intelligently and sympathetically. To know the Indian better, read this little book.”--_Missions._

_LIVINGSTON F. JONES_

=A Study of the Thlingets of Alaska=

Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, net $1.50.

Charles L. Thompson, Sec’y Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church, says:

“The twenty-one years which the Rev. Livingston F. Jones spent as a missionary in Alaska gave him peculiar fitness for a study of the Thlingets of Alaska. He covers the ground on their history, their language, their social life and industries, their customs, superstitions and characters in a clear and informing way. This book will be a valuable addition to the literature of the Territory.”

_MARTHA S. GIELOW_ _Author of “Uncle Sam,” etc._

=Old Andy the Moonshiner=

Illustrated, 12mo, boards, net 50c.

Old Andy the Moonshiner, wrinkled and lovable, “Maw,” and “Sary,” faithful types all, of the illiterate whites of the Appalachian Mountains, speak eloquently from these pages of this little volume of the need there is for remedying a state of things which is a stigma to the country, and a menace to her future welfare.

_AGNES L. PALMER_

=The Salvage of Men=

Stories of Humanity Touched by Divinity. 12mo, cloth, net $1.00.

“The stories are taken from the work of the Salvation Army and embrace a number of the classes of society to which that organization renders its witness to Christ as the Saviour of sinners. As one reads he is impressed anew with the fact that ‘Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners,’ not the respectable sinners, but the chief of sinners.” --_Christian Observer._

_REV. FREDERIC J. BAYLIS_

=From the Bread-Line to the Pulpit=

12mo, paper, net 35c.

“A brief but wonderful story of a man’s downfall, his rescue and his recovery. His experiences were such as even few reformed men pass through.”--_Methodist Protestant._

_REV. GILBERT I. WILSON_

=Good Bird, the Indian=

_Home Mission Junior Study Course._ Illustrated, 16mo, boards, net 40c; paper, net 25c.

Who wouldn’t like to sit down by an old Indian and hear from his lips the story of his life and the lives of the people? Certainly every American boy or girl would, and that is just what is offered to the fortunate boys and girls who use this either as a text book in their Home Missionary Societies, or as their very own book.

_GEORGE EDWARD HAWES_

=The Fresh Air Child=

12mo, cloth, net 50c.

This simple little tale will carry the sure appeal of unprotected and unparented childhood to the heart of the reader. As a campaign document in the interests of fresh air and better homes for the stifled and abandoned children of our great cities, it will make an irresistible and most effective appeal.

_CHARLES LINCOLN WHITE_

=Prince and Uncle Billy=

_A First Reader in Home Missions._ 16mo, cloth, net 50c, or net 75c.

“Prince” is a pony, once owned by the Indians, and “Uncle Billy” an old horse, used formerly by a frontier missionary on his preaching journeys. These too, and many other animals tell missionary stories and other incidents of their earlier lives.

_MARY LANE DWIGHT_

=Children of Labrador=

Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, net 60c.

It is hard to picture a more delightful addition to “The Children’s Missionary Series” than this vivid story of Dr. Grenfell’s land. Its simplicity and clearness appeals to children, yet grown-ups will be equally fascinated in its descriptions of the children of the Eskimos and fishermen of this barren land, so pathetically described by an old native as “wonderful bleak and dreary.”

_Earlier Volumes in The Children’s Missionary Series_

=Children of Africa= =Children of India= =Children of Egypt=

James M. Baird Janet Harvey Kelman Miss L. Crowther

=Children of Arabia= =Children of Ceylon= =Children of Persia=

John C. Young Thomas Moscrop Mrs. Napier Malcolm

=Children of China= =Children of Jamaica= =Children of Japan=

C. Campbell Brown Isabel C. Maclean Janet Harvey Kelman

* * * * *

BIOGRAPHY

_EDWARD A. STEINER_ _Author of “On the Trail of the Immigrant”_

=From Alien to Citizen=

The Story of My Life in America. Illustrated, 8vo, net $1.50.

In this wonderfully interesting book we see Professor Steiner evolving from boyhood in a far-off Hungarian town, into an immigrant to the West; then, year by year, undergoing experiences, the story of which is conducive to a better understanding of what the alien has to endure in order to gradually adjust himself to American conditions and institutions. Real life is portrayed first among the racial wrongs and hatred of southern Europe, then in the steerage of the ocean liner; in New York, Princeton, Pittsburgh, and cities further west. Through and in it all, we see Professor Steiner, pressing ever forward and upward to the position of opportunity and influence he occupies to-day.

_H. ROSWELL BATES_

=The Life of H. Roswell Bates=

A Biographical Sketch by S. RALPH HARLOW. With Portraits. 12mo, cloth, net $1.00.

The author of this short “Life” knew Roswell Bates from his early years, and presents a satisfying picture of the man as he really was; at work and play; laboring, spending himself for others, giving of his best to “Spring Street,” on the lower west side of New York, and going to his rest before he reached his prime, yet with a great life-work well and nobly done.

_HERRICK JOHNSON, D.D._

=Herrick Johnson=

An Appreciative Memoir by Rev. Charles E. Robinson, D.D. With Three Portraits. Cloth, net $1.25.

A faithful and convincing survey of the life and life-work of one of the great, formative figures of American Presbyterianism. Dr. Robinson enjoyed an almost life-long friendship with his subject, and is thereby enabled to present a satisfying picture of Herrick Johnson as student, pastor, seminary professor, and church statesman, such as no mere biographer could possibly have furnished.

_RAY STRACHEY_

=A Quaker Grandmother=: Hannah Whitall Smith

_Reminiscences of the author of “The Christian’s Secret of a Happy Life”_

Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, net $1.00.

Hannah Whitall Smith was one of the great formative, religious influences of her time. She was a philanthropist, a mother in Israel, a spiritual guide. Yet it is with none of these things that the present sketch has to do. It depicts her in simple relations of life only--that of a grandmother to her grandchildren.

_MRS. E. M. WHITTEMORE_

Delia, the Blue Bird of Mulberry Bend

Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, net 75c.; paper, net 35c.

A new and revised edition of the heart-searching story of spiritual ruin and rescue already circulated in many tongues and lands, told by the founder of the Door of Hope Mission.

_MADAME GUYON_

Life of Madam Guyon

8vo, cloth, net $2.00.

The life, religious opinions and experience of Madame de la Mothe Guyon, together with an account of the personal history of Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambray. By Thomas C. Upham. New edition, with detailed Table of Contents and an Introduction by Prof. W. R. Inge.

_PAUL SEIPPEL_

A Huguenot Saint of the Twentieth Century

The Life of Adèle Kamm. Translated from the French by Olive Wyon. With Portrait. Net $1.25.

A short biography which imparts more wisdom on the problem of suffering than a whole shelf-full of treatises. It is an account of the brief, pain-racked life of a sweet-souled follower of Jesus who passed from earth in 1911, at the age of twenty-five. Into the last six years of the life of this little Swiss girl were crowded experiences of God’s presence and of human need, of Divine support and of self-dedicatory usefulness for others, such as would have done honor to even a long life.

_WILLIAM A. SUNDAY, D.D._

The Real Billy Sunday

By ELIJAH (“RAM’S HORN”) BROWN. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, net $1.00.

“This volume is prepared by a gifted writer who has long been a personal friend of Mr. Sunday’s, and who was for many years his associate in evangelistic labors. It begins with his birth in an early Iowa log cabin and follows him down to the present. It tells the story of his early experiences, his baseball associations, his conversion and his work in successive meetings. It is a wonderful story, delightful almost overpowering as a narrative of the grace of God, and full of the most interesting facts and incidents. No one who reads it will find a dull page in it, nor will he ever question whether the day of revivals has passed.”--_Herald and Presbyter._

* * * * *

EARLIER WORKS IN DEMAND

* * * * *

_MARTHA S. GIELOW_

=Uncle Sam=

A Story of the Mountaineers. Illustrated, net 50c.

“Mrs. Gielow has written ‘Mammy’s Reminiscences,’ ‘Old Plantation Days’ and ‘Old Andy the Moonshiner,’ in addition to ‘Uncle Sam,’ and the wide circulation of these stories has accomplished much toward procuring interest and aid for the cause.”--Book News.

=EDWARD A. STEINER= _Author of “On the Trail of the Immigrant”_

=The Parable of the Cherries=

12mo, boards, net 50c.

“The little book is truly a call to larger brotherhood by one who has devoted his life to informing us toward the stranger within our gates.”--_N. Y. Times._

_JOHN BUNYAN_

=The Pilgrim’s Progress=

New Pilgrim Edition. 12mo, cloth, decorated, net 50c.

A popular reprint of the standard “Puritan” edition, acknowledged to be without a superior in point of accuracy and faithfulness to the latest revisions by Bunyan himself. With eight of the celebrated Copping illustrations--clear type, annotated.

_I. T. THURSTON_ _Author of “The Bishop’s Shadow,” etc._

=The Torch Bearer=

A Camp Fire Girl’s Story. Illustrated, net $1.00.

“A story of Camp Fire life both in the city meetings and in active camp in the country, it shows with graphic clearness what this great movement will mean to thousands of girls. The author has made this appeal the underlying burden of the narrative, all the more poignant because it is made without any attempt at effort. An interesting tale for not only the initiated but the uninitiated as well.”--Washington Times.

_MARY STEWART_ _Author of “Tell Me a True Story,” etc._

=The Shepherd of Us All=

Stories of the Christ Retold for Children. Illustrated, net $1.25.

“The book goes into the enticing realms of fairy lore. A shepherd with a magic flute leads the way. Then come adventures in plenty. All the favorites, even unto the giants, are found, and there is not a word to keep the most nervous youngster from sleeping as do the just.”--_Baltimore Sun._

EARLIER WORKS IN DEMAND

_WAYNE WHIPPLE_

The Story-Life of the Son of Man

8vo, illustrated, net $2.50.

“A literary mosaic, consisting of quotations from a great number of writers concerning all the events of the Gospels. The sub-title accurately describes its contents. That sub-title is ‘Nearly a thousand stories from sacred and secular sources in a continuous and complete chronicle of the earth life of the Saviour.’ The book was prepared for the general reader, but will be valuable to minister, teacher and student. There are many full-page engravings from historic paintings and sacred originals, some reproduced for the first time.”--_Christian Observer._

_GAIUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D._

Pilgrims of the Lonely Road

12mo, cloth, net $1.50.

“A rare book for its style, its theme and the richness of its insight. Seldom is seen a book of more exquisite grace of diction--happy surprises of phrase, and lovely lengths of haunting prose to delight the eye. Each of the great pilgrim’s studies is followed step by step along the lonely way of the soul in its quest of light, toward the common goal of all--union with the eternal.”--_Chicago Record-Herald._

_S. D. GORDON_

Quiet Talks on Following The Christ

12mo, cloth, net 75c.

“This volume is well calculated to aid in Christian life, to give strength, courage and light on difficult problems. It grips one’s very life, brings one face to face with God’s word, ways of understanding it and, even its every day application. It is plain, clear, direct, no confusion of dark sentences.”--_Bapt. Observer._

_G. CAMPBELL MORGAN, D.D._

The Teaching of Christ

A Companion Volume to “The Crises of The Christ.” 8vo, cloth, net $1.50.

“One does not read far before he is amazed at the clear and logical grasp Dr. Morgan has upon divine truths. Could a copy of this book, with its marvelous insight, its straightforwardness, its masterly appeal, be placed in the hands of our church leaders, it would go far toward negativing the spiritual barrenness of destructive criticism. Here is a work that may profitably occupy a prominent place in the minister’s library.”--_Augsburg Teacher._

_ZEPHINE HUMPHREY_

The Edge Of the Woods And Other Papers

12mo, cloth, net $1.25.

“Sane optimism, an appreciation of the beautiful and a delicate humor pervades the book which is one for lovers of real literature to enjoy.”--_Pittsburgh Post._

_CHARLES G. TRUMBULL_

=Anthony Comstock, Fighter=

Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, net $1.25.

“Probably there is no man on this continent to-day who hat done more to clean things up than Mr. Comstock has, or shown more splendid courage and endurance in the doing of it. It is a splendid story, that will not only inspire its readers, but will send many a man out himself for the good cause of cleanness and righteousness in the land.”--_Christian Guardian._

_FRANK J. CANNON--DR. GEORGE L. KNAPP_

=Brigham Young and His Mormon Empire=

Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, net $1.50.

“Senator Cannon was born a Mormon, but has since seen light. Nevertheless, his story of Brigham Young’s life is not a polemic. Born in a Puritan home, endowed with a forceful personality and a gift for administration, Brigham Young is one of the most picturesque characters in our American life, and his biography reads like a chapter in the life of an ancient patriarch, a modern politician and a business promoter all rolled together.”--_Congregationalist._

_CLARA E. LAUGHLIN_ _Author of “Everybody’s Lonesome”_

=The Work-A-Day Girl=

A Study of Present Day Conditions. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, net $1.50.

“Sociologically considered, this is a most important work, written by a woman who has personally investigated the conditions she recites. Her knowledge, bought by years of service, proves that environment alone is not responsible for the perils of unguarded girlhood. For that reason the book appeals individually to all who come in touch with the workaday girl, and teaches that whether or not we be our brother’s keeper, there is no doubt as to our responsibility toward our little sister of toil.”--_Washington Evening Star._

_FREDERIC J. HASKIN_ _Author of “The American Government”_

The Immigrant: An Asset and a Liability 12mo, cloth, net $1.25.

“Persons are asking how they may best do their duty and their whole duty to those coming to our shores. This book is a valuable light on the subject. It is full of facts and it is a capable and conscientious study as to the meaning of the facts. Any thoughtful person will find here much valuable material for study and the book is calculated to do much good.”--_Herald and Presbyter._

* * * * *

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

the announcment=> the announcment {pg 16}

in prone fight=> in prone flight {pg 27}

rough rock throne=> rough rock-throne {pg 27}

the perishing of Pharoah’s horsemen=> the perishing of Pharaoh’s horsemen {pg 56}

heard that I had been in Bialistok, Kishinef=> heard that I had been in Bialistok, Kishineff {pg 61}

gentle mein=> gentle mien {pg 159}

“Little Italy” at once=> “Little Italy” at least once {pg 271}

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The Dutch West India Company.

[2] This group is receiving scarcely any additions through emigration.

[3] The decrease of German emigration has had its effect in lessening the numbers of this group.

[4] “Immigration,” p. 128, Prescott F. Hall.

[5] The special agent of the Department of Agriculture.

End of Project Gutenberg's On the Trail of The Immigrant, by Edward A. Steiner