Chapter I: Preface

American enterprises in South Africa, and especially in the Transvaal, have assumed such large proportions in the last five years that the affairs of the country and the people are steadily gaining in interest the land over. As almost all the interest is centred in the Transvaal and the Boers, an unprejudiced opinion of the country and its people may serve to correct some of the many popular misconceptions concerning them. The Boers constitute a nation, and are deserving of the consideration which many writings concerning them fail to display. They have their failings, as many a more powerful nation has, but they also have noble traits. In these pages an effort has been made to describe the Boers as they impressed themselves upon my mind while I associated with them in the farmhouses on the veldt, in the drawing-rooms in the cities, in the chambers of the Government House, and in the mansion of the Executive.

The alleged grievances of the Uitlanders are so complex and multitudinous that a mere enumeration of them would necessitate a separate volume, and consequently they are not touched upon except collectively. As a layman, it is not within my province to discuss the diplomatic features of South African affairs, and I have shown only the moral aspect as it was unfolded to an American whose pride in the Anglo-Saxon race causes him to wish that there were more justice and less venom in the grievances.

To the many South Africans with whose hospitable treatment I was favoured I am deeply and sincerely grateful. Englishmen, Afrikanders, Dutchmen, Boers, and Uitlanders were exceptionally gracious in many ways, and, however they may have differed on local topics, were unanimously courteous in their entertainment of a citizen of the country for which they frequently expressed such great admiration. I am especially indebted to Sir Alfred Milner, the Queen's High Commissioner to South Africa and Governor of Cape Colony, and Sir James Sivewright, the Acting Premier of Cape Colony, for many courtesies and much information; to President S. J. P. Kruger for many kindnesses and a greatly treasured Transvaal flag; to Postmaster-General Van Alphen, Mr. Peter Dillingham, Commissioner of War Smidt, and many other Government officials, for valuable assistance given to me in Pretoria. To those stanch Americans, Mr. Gardner F. Williams, of Kimberley, and Dr. J. Perrott Prince, of Durban, I am indebted for many pleasant excursions and experiences, and finally to my friend Mr. W. M. B. Tuttle, of New York city, for valuable assistance in this work.

HOWARD C. HILLEGAS. NEW YORK CITY, _September 4, 1899_.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

I.--SOUTH AFRICA OF THE PRESENT TIME

Its physical and political divisions--Relations of the races--Progress of the natives--Transvaal's relative position.

II.--THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE BOER RACE

Early settlement of the Cape--Troubles of the immigrants with the East India Company and the English--The Great Trek--Battles with the natives and the English--Founding of the republic.

III.--THE JOHANNESBURG GOLD FIELDS

Discovery of gold--Early days of the field and the influx of foreigners--The origin of the enmity between the Boers and the newcomers--The Jameson raid and its results.

IV.--THE BOER OF TO-DAY

His habits and modes of living--His love of family--His religion and patriotism.

V.--PRESIDENT KRUGER

Personal description--His long and active career--His public services--Anecdotes of his life--His home life.

VI.--INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT KRUGER

His democracy--Hatred of Mr. Rhodes--Discussion of the Transvaal's position--His opinion of Americans--Why he hates the English--A message to America.

VII.--CECIL JOHN RHODES

The ambition of the man--Story of his youth--His many enterprises--Political career--Personality--Anecdotes and incidents of his life--Groote Schuur--His home.

VIII.--THE BOER GOVERNMENT--CIVIL AND MILITARY

The executive and legislative branches of the Government--The Raads in session--The state military organization--Mobilizing the army--Commandant-General P. J. Joubert--His services to the republic.

IX.--CAUSES OF PRESENT DISSENSIONS

British contempt of the Boers--The suzerainty dispute--The question of the franchise--Campaign of slander.

X.--PREPARATIONS FOR DEFENCE

Boers' strong defences--Attitude of the races--The Afrikander Bond--Armed strength of races--England's preparation--Importance of Delagoa Bay.

XI.--AMERICAN INTERESTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

American influence--Exports and imports--Leaders of the American colony--American machinery--Prominent part Americans have taken in the development of the country.

XII.--JOHANNESBURG OF TO-DAY

Approach to the city--Description of the city--Its characteristics--Its inhabitants.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

President Kruger on the piazza of the Executive Mansion, Pretoria . . . . _Frontispiece_

A band of Zulu warriors in war costume

Majuba Hill, where one hundred and fifty Boer volunteers defeated six hundred British soldiers

Kirk Street, Pretoria, with the State Church in the distance

The Rt. Hon. Cecil J. Rhodes on the piazza of his residence, Groote Schuur, at Rondebosch, near Cape Town

Cape Colony Government House, at Cape Town

Cape Town and Table Mountain

Zulu maidens shaking hands

Map of South Africa

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