Chapter XVII: Purchasing Rugs (2)

Kashan rugs, 100, 285, 286, 288, 301, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 35, 51, 55;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
pattern of Sarouks like that of, 134;
correspondence of some rugs of Tabriz with, 145.
Rugs described, 127, 128, 129;
border stripes, 160.

Kashgar, 247.

Kashgar rugs, 101, 234, 282, 292.
Rugs described, 247, 248.

Kashmir, 70, 255;
goat’s wool of, 32, 114.

Katchli, derivation of, 237;
pattern used in Tekkes, 239, 293.

Kazak rugs, 101, 290, 292, 304;
technicalities in weave of, 51, 53;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
Western Kurdistans compared with, 141;
Afshars compared with, 155;
Yuruks compared with, 191;
Tcherkess compared with, 209;
Kutais compared with, 222;
Genghas compared with, 224.
Rugs described, 219, 220, 221, 222;
border stripes, 226, 227, 228, 229.

Kazakje, 220.

Kea-king dynasty, 272.
Rugs described, 272.

Keen-lung dynasty. Rugs described, 270, 271, 272;
border stripes, 274, 275;
medallions, 273.

Kenares defined, 97.

Kerim, Khan, 115;
royal patronage of weaving at Shiraz under, 116.

Kermanshah, 83, 129, 138.

Kermanshah rugs, 134, 137, 147, 160, 285, 288, 301, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 52;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
corners of Khorassans compared with those of, 109;
Tabriz rugs compared with, 145, 146;
Amritsars mistaken for, 256.
Rugs described, 138, 139, 140;
border stripes, 38.

Kermes used as a dye, 38.

Key pattern, 27.

Khali defined, 97.

Khibitkas, defined, 238;
rugs made for doors of, 239.

Khiva, 110, 240, 241, 244.

Khiva rugs, 100, 233, 235, 242, 293;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61.
Rugs described, 240, 241;
border stripes, 250, 251.

Khorassan, 107, 115, 127;
wool of, 31;
Herats made in, 106;
Kurdistans in, 141;
Yomuds in, 241.

Khorassan rugs, 60, 100, 117, 288;
left-hand knots in, 48;
technicalities in weave of, 54, 55;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
resemblance of Mesheds to, 110.
Rugs described, 107, 108, 109, 110;
border stripes, 156.

Khotan, 278.

Kidderminster, 260.

Kilims, earliest rugs similar to, 75;
pattern in Shirvan, 227.
Kilims described, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281.

King-te Chin, 300.

Kirghiz, steppes, 235;
tribes, 240.

Kirman, 113, 115, 203, 206, 248;
wool of, 31;
carpets made during Caliphate at, 90;
early weavers taken to Asia Minor from, 181.

Kirman rugs, 100, 285, 297, 304;
technicalities in weave of, 50, 51, 53;
resemblance of Kermanshahs to, 138;
flowers in Tabriz rugs compared with those of, 145;
some old Bergamos as valuable as, 167.
Rugs described, 113, 114, 115;
border stripes, 158.

Kirmans, Turkish, 174.

Kir-Shehr, 185.

Kir-Shehr rugs, 101, 289, 290;
illustration of prayer arch of, 63;
prayer arches of Bergamos compared with those of, 167;
prayer arches of Ladiks compared with those of, 183;
often called Anatolian, 187;
prayer arches of Mudjars compared with those of, 189;
prayer arches of Tuzlas compared with those of, 190.
Rugs described, 185, 186;
border stripes, 193.

Kis-kilims, 280.

Kizil Arvat, 241.

Kizil Irmak river, 185, 189.

Kizil Kum, “desert of red sands,” 235.

Knights of St. John, 28, 179.

Knots, Ghiordes, 48;
Sehna, 48;
right-hand, 48;
left-hand, 48;
peculiarities of, 48;
illustrated, 49.

Konieh, 188, 190.

Konieh rugs, 101, 289, 290;
technicalities in weave of, 55;
illustration of prayer arch of, 63;
resemblance in pattern of Kir-Shehrs to that of, 186;
prayer arches of Anatolians compared with those of, 187.
Rugs described, 181, 182, 183;
border stripes, 193, 195.

Koran, 72.

Kuba, 199, 202.

Kuba rugs, 101, 290, 292.
Rugs described, 202, 203, 204;
border stripes, 228.

Kublai Khan, 266.

Kulah, 164, 171, 174.

Kulah rugs, 101, 289, 290;
technicalities in weave of, 51, 52, 53, 54;
illustration of prayer arch of, 64;
lily pattern in, 167;
Ghiordes rugs adopting border of, 171;
geometric leaf of, 180;
prayer arch of Koniehs compared with those of, 186.
Rugs described, 171, 172, 173, 174;
border stripes, 193, 194.

Kur valley, 207, 214.

Kurdistan, Persian, rugs, 100, 286, 287;
technicalities in weave of, 51;
Mina Khani pattern characteristic of, 105;
Western Kurdistans compared with, 141.
Rugs described, 142, 143;
border stripes, 157, 159.

Kurdistan rugs, 286;
technicalities in weave of, 51, 53, 57;
Karajes compared with, 143;
ground colour of some Mosuls similar to that of, 154;
some Kara-Geuz rugs similar to, 155.

Kurdistan, Western, rugs, 100, 286;
described, 140, 141, 142.
Kilims, 280.

Kurds, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 145, 187, 191;
located at Ak-kal by Shah of Persia, 238.

Kutais, 218.

Kutais rugs, technicalities in weave of, 53.
Rugs described, 218, 219;
border stripes, 227, 229.

Kutayah, 176.

Kutayah rugs described, 176.

L

Lacquer, 17.

Ladik rugs, 101, 167, 289, 290, 304;
illustration of prayer arch of, 63;
pomegranate design in, 70;
border stripe of Melez rugs similar to that of, 177;
vandykes of Rhodian rugs resembling those of, 179;
nap of, 186;
Kir-Shehr panels compared with those of, 187;
vandykes in Mudjars borrowed from, 189.
Rugs described, 183, 184;
border stripes, 193, 194.

Lahore, 255, 256;
royal factory at, 94.

Lahore rugs, 101, 305.
Rugs described, 256, 257.

Landor, Henry Savage, quoted, 300.

Laristan border stripe, 157.

Latch-hooks. _See_ Designs.

Latimer, C., quoted, 281.

Lattice-work pattern, 119, 121, 133, 134, 137, 204.

Lemons used as a mordant, 40.

Lesghian rugs, 101, 199, 290.
Rugs described, 206, 207.

Lesghian tribes, 206, 207.

Limes used as a mordant, 40.

Linen, in Sehnas, 135;
in Tabriz, 146;
in Ghiordes, 171;
in Sarouks, 127;
in Kashans, 128.

Loom, described, 44;
illustrated, 45.

Lotus. _See_ Designs.

Luristan rugs, 286;
technicalities in weave of, 55.

M

Madder used as a dye, 38.

Madras, 259.

Madras rugs described, 259, 260.

Mahal rugs, 286, 288, 301, 305;
similar to Muskabads, 131, 132.

Maharajah, 259.

Makimonos, 180.

Makri rugs, 180.

Maksoud, 84, 127, 128.

Malek Shah made Ispahan the capital of Persia, 26.

Malgaran, 246.

Manchoos, 268.

Mangishlar peninsula, 238.

Marco Polo, referred to Armenian carpets, 91;
referred to Kirman weavings, 113;
visited Kashgar, 247.

Marsulipatam, 259, 260.

Marsulipatam rugs described, 260.

Martin, Dr. F. R., quoted and cited, 74, 77, 79, 81, 82, 89, 90, 116,
227.

Maya ruins, swastika on, 65.

Mecca, 77, 98;
pilgrimages to, 99;
bit of earth from, 221, 223.

Mecca rugs, 117, 118.

Medallions. _See_ Designs.

Medes, 23, 24, 66, 234.

Medina, 77, 296.

Melez rugs, 101, 290;
technicalities in weave of, 51;
illustration of prayer arch of, 63;
sometimes called Anatolians, 187.
Rugs described, 176, 177, 178;
border stripes, 193, 195.

Mersherski, 88.

Merv Kilims, 280, 281.

Meshed, pilgrimages to, 99, 108.

Meshed rugs, 100, 147, 217, 288, 301.
Rugs described, 110, 111;
border stripes, 158.

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; rugs exhibited in, 78, 79, 80,
82, 85, 86, 91, 93.

Michelangelo, 16.

Mina Khan, 105.

Mina Khani pattern, 105, 142, 152, 249;
illustrated, 291.

Ming dynasty, 78, 81, 266, 268;
coat of arms of, 92.

Ming rugs, 101, 298.
Rugs described, 266.

Mirabad, 130.

Mirror backs in Chinese rugs, 267, 272, 273.

Mir-Sarabend. _See_ Sarabend.

Mirzapur, 255, 258.

Mirzapur rugs described, 258.

Mohair, 174.

Mohammed, 24;
epithet applied to Guli Hinnaiby, 104.

Mohammedans, 98, 103, 113, 237, 257;
dominant in Southwestern Asia, 25;
invaded India, 28;
Meshed sacred to, 110;
prejudice against depicting animals by Sunnite, 165;
Caucasia invaded by, 198;
influence on weaving by, 58, 270.

Mongols, captured Bagdad, 26;
gained foothold in India, 28;
in Persia, 62;
in Caucasia, 198;
overran Turkestan, 234.

Mordants, 40.

Mordecai, 122.

Moslems, 70;
preserved art treasures, 76;
green sacred to, 85.

Mosul district, 152.

Mosul rugs, 101, 286, 287, 302, 304, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 51, 52;
Western Kurdistans confused with, 141;
Persian Kurdistan and Bijar rugs compared with, 143;
resemblance of weave of some Gozene rugs with that of, 156.
Rugs described, 152, 153, 154;
border stripes, 157, 158, 159.

Mt. Ararat, 103, 219.

Mt. Ida, 163.

Mt. Kazbek, 206.

Mt. Olympus, 181, 191.

Mudjar, 189.

Mudjar rugs, 101, 290;
illustration of prayer arch of, 63;
frequently classed as Anatolians, 187.
Rugs described, 189, 190;
border stripes, 193.

Multan, 255.

Multan rugs described, 257.

Mumford, John Kimberly, cited, v, 67.

Musée des Arts Decoratifs, 79.

Muskabad district, 131.

Muskabad rugs, 100, 286, 288, 301, 305;
turtle border in, 71.
Rugs described, 131, 132;
border stripes, 157, 159.

N

Nadir Shah, Afghans defeated by, 29;
influence of, 103;
art decadence following capture of Herat by, 106;
destruction of Herat by, 110;
weavers removed to Northern Persia by, 113, 132;
Shemakha almost destroyed by, 214;
Shusha built by, 224;
overthrow of Mogul dominion by, 254.

Namads, 115, 122.

Namazlik, 98, 150.

Netsukés, 17.

Nigde, 190.

Nigde rugs, 101;
classed as Anatolians, 187.
Rugs described, 190.

Nijni Novgorod, 235.

Nimrod, 23.

Nineveh, 23, 102;
drawings on walls of, 74;
Mosul near ruins of, 152.

Niris lake, wool obtained near, 31.

Niris rugs, 100, 204, 286, 287, 304.
Rugs described, 119, 120.

Nizami manuscript determining age of Hunting Carpets, 82.

Nomadic influence, 106;
characteristics in rugs, 134; rugs, 58, 153.

O

Oak gall, used as a dye, 40.

Odjalik, 97.

Omar Khayyam, 108, 110.

Onosma echioides used as a dye, 41.

Orenburg, 235, 240.

Oriental art, 16.

Ottoman Turks, 27, 28.

Oushak, city and district, 164, 176.

Oushak rugs, type of modern, 94;
evidences of Persian treatment in, 166.
Rugs described, 174, 175.

Outer edging in Kirmans, 114;
in Hamadans, 123;
in Sarouks, 126;
in Bijars, 137;
in Kermanshahs, 139;
in Mosuls, 153.

Overcasting of sides; weft overcasting described, 55, 56;
illustrated, 49;
double overcasting described, 55, 56;
illustrated, 49.

Oxus river (Amu Daria), 23, 24, 235, 238, 240, 243, 244.

P

Palais de Commerce at Lyons, 80.

Palm design. _See_ Designs.

Pamir plateau, sheep of, 31;
mountains of, 235.

Paropamisus Mts., 235.

Parsees, 103;
symbolism derived from fire worship of, 58, 71;
at Baku, 211.

Parthians, 24.

Patna rugs, 101.

Paul, St., 166, 181.

Pear design. _See_ Designs.

Pergamus, 166, 168.

Persepolis, 103.

Phasis river, 197.

Pile of rugs, 47.

Pliny, 74.

Polish silk carpets, reciprocal trefoils in, 65;
Chinese cloud-bands in, 67;
lotus in, 69.
Carpets described, 88;
bright hues of, 90.

Polonaise carpets. _See_ Polish silk.

Pomegranate. _See_ Designs.

Pomegranate rind used as a mordant, 40.

Porter, Sir Robert Kerr, quoted, 106, 138.

Prayer arches, 60, 62;
illustrated, 61, 63.

Prayer rugs. _See_ Namazlik.

Priam, 166.

Prometheus, 197.

Punjab, 255, 256, 257.

R

Ratanjot used as a dye, 16.

Rembrandt, 16.

Rhodes, Isle of, 28, 178.

Rhodian rugs, 101, 289.
Rugs described, 178, 179, 180;
border stripes, 193.

Rion river, 218.

River loop. _See_ Designs.

Robinson, Vincent, cited, 80, 81, 86, 88, 254, 258, 259.

Rubens, 16.

Rubia cordifolia used as a dye, 41.

Rubia tinctorum used as a dye, 38.

Runners, 97.

Ruskin, John, quoted, 18.

S

Saadi, 115.

Saddle-bags, 117, 135, 249.

Safavid dynasty, 29, 81, 83, 84, 85, 89, 103.

Saffron used as a dye, 39.

Salors, 233.

Samarkand, capital of Tamerlane, 27;
the “Mirror of the World,” 245.

Samarkand rugs, 101, 233, 265, 282, 293;
technicalities in weave of, 50;
swastika in, 65.
Rugs described, 245, 246, 247;
border stripes, 251.

Samo-Kien, 246.

Sarabend rugs, 285, 304;
technicalities in weave of, 51;
pear design of, 70, 116, 119, 144, 153;
turtle border in, 71;
pile of, 133.
Rugs described, 129, 130;
border stripes, 158, 160.
Mir-Sarabends, 130.
Royal Sarabends, 130.

Saracenic art, 21;
influence, 58, 80, 88, 166.

Saracens, carpet weaving introduced into India by, 94;
Persia under dominion of, 103;
Baku in possession of, 210.

Saraks, town of, 136, 238.

Sarawan district, 129, 131.

Sarouk, 125.

Sarouk rugs, 134, 285, 286, 288, 301, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 51, 52, 53, 55;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
animal carpet with weave similar to that of, 86;
corners of Khorassans compared with those of, 109;
patterns of Bijars compared with those of, 137.
Tabriz rugs compared with, 145, 146.
Rugs described, 125, 126, 127;
border stripes, 160.

Sassanides, Kingdom of, 24;
elaborate carpets made during rule of, 74;
capture of capital of, 75.

Savalans, 131.

Sedjadeh, 97.

Sehna, 48, 129, 133.

Sehna rugs, 100, 286, 304;
technicalities in weave of, 51, 54;
medallions of, 60;
turtle border in, 71.
Herati design in Persian Kurdistans borrowed from, 142.
Rugs described, 133, 134, 135;
border stripes, 157, 158, 159.

Sehna kilims, 278.

Seljukian Turks, effect on art, 26;
powerful in Asia Minor, 27;
overthrow by Genghis Khan, 78;
invasion of Southern Persia by, 90;
monuments in Armenia of, 91;
dominion in Persia of, 103;
Konieh surrendered to, 181.

Selvage, weft selvage described, 55, 56;
illustrated, 49;
double selvage described, 55, 56;
illustrated, 49;
mixed selvage described, 56.

Serapi rugs, 285;
turtle border in, 71.
Rugs described, 148, 149;
border stripes, 157.

Shah Abbas pattern, 198, 206.

Shemakha, city of, 214.

Shemakha rugs, 101, 290, 292.
Rugs described, 216, 217;
border-stripes, 228.

Shield of David. _See_ Designs.

Shiites, 58;
animal designs permitted by, 72;
Meshed sacred to, 110.

Shiraz, wool of, 31;
city of, 115.

Shiraz rugs, 100, 286, 288, 297, 301, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 51;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
latch-hooks in, 67;
resemblance of Niris rugs to, 119;
pear design of Kabistans similar to those of, 201;
wool of Tiflis rugs suggests that of, 217.
Rugs described, 115, 116, 117, 118;
border stripes, 158;
saddle-bags, 117.

Shirvan district conquered by Solyman the Magnificent, 28.

Shirvan rugs, 101, 290, 292, 293, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 54;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
design of Shiraz rugs similar to that of, 117;
weave of Kabistans compared with that of, 201;
pattern of Chichis resembling that of, 207;
geometric design of Bakus seen in, 211;
some patterns of Genghas similar to those of, 225.
Rugs described, 212, 213, 214;
border stripes, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231.
Kilims, 278.

Shusha, 224.

Shusha rugs, 101, 290.
Rugs described, 224.

Sides, finish of, 55; illustrated, 49.

Silk, used for weaving, 33;
indigenous to Asia, 33;
cultivated at Kashgar and Yarkand, 247;
used in Kirmans, 114;
in Yezd rugs, 115;
in Hamadans, 122;
in Kashans, 128;
in Sehnas, 134, 135;
in Ghiordes, 178;
in Hereke rugs, 181;
in Kaisariyeh rugs, 190;
in Royal Bokharas, 236.

Silk carpets, sent to Sultan of Constantinople, 87;
made at Kashan, 128.

Sindh, 255, 259.

Sindh rugs described, 259.

Sirab, village of, 148.

Sivas, Seljukian gate at, 170;
city of, 188.

Sivas rugs described, 188, 189.

Smyrna, 164, 175, 176;
Yuruks at, 191.

Smyrna rugs, 101;
Broussa rugs compared with those of, 181;
Indian rugs compared with those of, 254.
Rugs described, 176.

Solyman, King, the ring of, 66;
pomegranates cultivated in days of, 69;
his emblem of an eight-pointed star, 158.

Solyman the Magnificent, Iran threatened by, 28;
weavers taken to Asia Minor by, 94, 175.

Soumak rugs, 290, 292;
weave of, 47;
designs of cross in, 67;
tri-cleft leaf in, 91, 209;
Kubas and Shemakhas compared with, 203;
patterns of Shirvans compared with those of, 213.
Rugs described, 214, 215, 216;
border stripes, 228, 230.

Sousa, reciprocal sawtooth on monuments of, 231.

South Kensington Museum, 15, 83, 259.

Spanish rugs sent to Queen Eleanor, 25.

Sparta rugs. _See_ Isbarta.

Spindle, 34, 35.

Spinning, 34, 35.

Spring of Chosroes carpet described, 76.

Srinagar, 70, 255.

Srinagar rugs described, 255.

Stebbing, Edward, cited, 82;
quoted, 83, 84.

St. Sophia, 19, 28.

Star design. _See_ Designs.

Stein, Dr. M. A., cited, 278.

Strabo, 74.

Stripes. _See_ Border.

Suj-Bulak, town of, 150.

Suj-Bulak rugs, 286.
Rugs described, 150, 151.

Sulphate of iron used as a mordant, 40.

Sulphate of tin used as a mordant, 40.

Sultanabad, 129, 131, 132.

Sultanabad rugs, 286;
Indian rugs compared with those of, 254, 256.
Rugs described, 131.

Sumach used as a dye, 38.

Sumerians, 23.

Sung dynasty, 266.

Sunnites opposed to depicting animal figures, 58, 72, 91, 99, 165, 254.

Swastika. Illustrated, 291. _See_ Designs.

Symbols in colours and designs, 18, 19, 20, 58, 59, 72.

T

Tabriz, 136, 145, 148, 151, 227;
captured by Solyman the Magnificent, 28, 94;
dyers from, 40;
an important art centre, 89;
a mart for rugs, 99;
Herat carpets in hall of governor at, 106.

Tabriz rugs, 286, 287, 288, 297, 301, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 53, 55;
Chinese cloud-band in, 67;
medallions of Herez rugs similar to those of, 149.
Rugs described, 145, 146.

Taj Mahal, 94, 257.

Tak-i-Bostan, rock-carved sculptures of, 83.

Tamara, Queen, 197, 198.

Tamarind used as a mordant, 40.

Tamasp, Shah, 28, 82, 169;
Ardebil carpet finished during reign of, 84;
silk rugs made during reign of, 87;
Herat an important art centre during time of, 89;
Tabriz carpets woven during reign of, 145.

Tamerlane, 172, 254;
Mongols united by, 27;
Ispahan sacked by, 111;
artists gathered at Samarkand by, 234;
Samarkand made capital by, 246;
Multan captured by, 257.

Tang dynasty, 266.

Tanjore district, 259.

Taoist symbols, 271.

Tao-Kwang, 272. Rugs described, 272.

“Tapis de l’Asie Centrale” quoted, 233.

Tartars, 26, 220;
Turkestan conquered by, 234.

Tartary, 31, 32.

Tchechen. _See_ Chichi.

Tcherkess (Circassian) rugs, 290, 292, 304, 305;
technicalities in weave of, 54;
tri-cleft leaf in, 91;
long nap of Western Kurdistans similar to that of, 141;
sunburst pattern of Kazaks similar to that of, 220.
Rugs described, 208, 209, 210;
border stripes, 227.

Tcherkess tribes, 209.

Teheran, 138;
caravans to Meshed from, 110.

Teheran rugs described, 154, 155.

Tekke, derivation of name, 238.

Tekke rugs, 101, 233, 293;
illustration of prayer arch of, 61;
S design in, 65;
selvage at sides of Beluchistans similar to that of, 235;
similarity in colours of Yomuds and those of, 242;
designs in Afghans and Yomuds similar to those of, 244.
Rugs described, 238, 239, 240;
border stripes, 250, 251.

Terek valley, 207, 208.

Terminalia citrina used as a dye, 40.

Tiflis, overrun by Seljukian Turks, 26;
mart for rugs, 99;
caravans from Tabriz to, 145;
capital of Georgia, 217.

Tiflis rugs, 298;
technicalities in weave of, 53;
resemblance between weave of Kutais and that of, 219.
Rugs described, 217, 218;
border stripes, 227.

Tiger skin pattern, 267.

Timurids, invasion of, 103, 136;
designs due to, 80, 166.

Titian, 16.

Toledo, 17.

Toon, 108.

Trebizond, 145, 163.

Turanian races, geometric designs among, 62.

Turkish Kilims, 280.

Turmeric used as a dye, 41.

Turtle border, 121, 132, 157;
probable origin of, 71, 79.

Tuz Gul, lake, 187, 190.

Tuzla rugs sometimes classed as Anatolians, 187.
Rugs described, 190.

Type characteristics, not invariable, v;
term defined, 107.

U

Urumiah lake, 150, 155, 224.

Uzbeck Tartars, care of sheep by, 31.

V

Valonia used as a mordant, 40.

Value of antique carpets, 15, 16, 304.

Vambery, Prof., cited, 241.

Van lake, 141, 152, 224.

Vandykes. _See_ Designs.

Vellore, 259, 261.

Vellore rugs described, 261.

Victoria and Albert Museum, 93.

Vienna publication of Oriental carpets, 80, 259.

W

Warangal, 259, 262.

Warangal rugs described, 262.

Warp, arrangement on loom, 46;
characteristics of, 51, 52;
illustrated, 49.

Washing, materials for weaving, 33, 34, 36;
artificial, 300, 301.

Weaving described, 46, 47;
illustrated, 49.

“Wedding of the Foundling,” 92.

Weft, arrangement of, 47;
technical characteristics of, 52, 53, 54, 55.

Whirling Dervishes, at Konieh, 181.

Williams, C. F., 78, 79, 93.

Whistler cited, 17.

Wise men of the East, 127.

Wool, of the camel, 30, 32, 124, 153, 249;
of the goat, 30, 31, 142, 241, 245, 249;
of sheep, 30, 31;
of the yak, 30, 33;
spinning, 33;
washing, 33, 36.

X

Xenophon, 99, 140, 181.

Xerxes, 115.

Y

Yak’s hair. _See_ Wool.

Yaprak, 175.

Yarkand, 247.

Yarkand rugs, 234, 265, 282, 293.
Rugs described, 247, 248;
border stripes, 251.

Yarn, 35.

Yerkes sale, 15, 82, 86, 304, 306.

Yezd, 110, 115, 222.

Yezd rugs described, 115.

Yomud rugs, 205, 233, 235, 293, 304;
colour scheme of Beshires similar to that of, 243.
Rugs described, 241, 242;
border stripes, 250, 251;
saddle-bags, 242.

Yomud tribes, 235;
robbed of their land by Tekkes, 231, 241.

Yuan dynasty, 266.

Yung-ching, 269.

Yung-ching rugs described, 269, 270;
border stripes, 274;
medallions, 273.

Yuruk rugs, 289, 290, 304;
technicalities in weave of, 51.
Rugs described, 191, 192;
border stripes, 194.

Yuruk tribes, 155, 163, 191, 220.

Z

Zabalpur rugs, 101.

Zagros Mts., 21, 103, 140.

Zarafshan river, 245.

Zoroaster, 18, 58, 210.

Zoroastrians, 69.