Chapter I: Front Matter

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_The Homeland Handbooks_--No. 55.

OUR HOMELAND CHURCHES AND HOW TO STUDY THEM.

by

SIDNEY HEATH (Author of "Some Dorset Manor Houses," etc.)

Illustrated by the Author and Ethel M. Heath

And by Photographs.

Published under the General Editorship of Prescott Row and Arthur Henry Anderson, by the Homeland Association for the Encouragement of Touring in Great Britain.

London: The Homeland Association Ltd., 22, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C.

First Edition. 1907.

EDITORIAL NOTE.

With a view to making future Editions of this Handbook as accurate and comprehensive as possible, suggestions for its improvement are cordially invited. If sent to THE EDITORS, The Homeland Association, Association House, 22, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C., they will be gratefully acknowledged.

COPYRIGHT.

This Book as a whole, with its contents, both Literary and Pictorial, is Copyrighted in Great Britain.

ADVERTISING.

LOCAL.--Terms for Advertising in future issues of this Handbook
will be forwarded on application to the General Manager of the
Homeland Association, at the above address.

GENERAL.--Contracts for the insertion of Advertisements through
the whole series of Homeland Handbooks, more than fifty volumes,
circulating through the country, can be arranged on application to
the General Manager.

_CONTENTS._

_Author's Preface_ 7 _Dedication_ 8 _Introduction_ 9

_I.--Early British Churches_ 19
_II.--Early Church Architecture_ 26
_III.--The Saxon and Norman Styles_ 31
_IV.--The Early English Style_ 47
_V.--The Decorated Style_ 57
_VI.--The Perpendicular Style_ 64
_VII.--The Renaissance and Later_ 74
_VIII.--Church Furniture and Ornaments_ 80
_IX.--Bells and Belfries_ 95
_X.--The Spire: Its Origin and Development_ 99
_XI.--Stained Glass_ 104
_XII.--Crypts_ 109
_XIII.--How to describe an Old Church_ 111

_Appendix--A Glossary of the Principal Terms used in Ecclesiastical Architecture_ 115 _Bibliography_ 123 _Index_ 124

_LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS._

PLATES.

1 _Foundations of a Romano-British Church_ _Frontispiece_
2 _The Church of St. Margaret, Lynn_ 52
3 _A Fine Perpendicular Tower, St. Mary, Taunton_ 72
4 _Sedilia and Chantry, Luton_ 88
* * * * *
_The Various Forms of Arches_ 10
_Plan of a Typical Gothic Cruciform Parish Church, Luton_ 12
_Examples of Gothic Windows_ 15
_Examples of Buttresses_ 17
_A Rood Screen, with a Restoration of the Rood_ 20
_The Church of S. Martin, Canterbury_ 22
_Window Built with Roman Brick, Swanscombe_ 24
_A Reputed Saxon Doorway, Bishopstone_ 30
_Tower of Earls' Barton Church_ 33
_An Example of Norman Tower, Bishopstone_ 34
_A Norman Pier Arcade, Abbots Langley_ 36
_Examples of Norman Mouldings_ 37
_A Late Norman Parish Church, Castle Rising_ 38
_West Doorway, Rochester Cathedral_ 40
_Tympanum of Norman Doorway, Fordington St. George_ 41
_Examples of Norman Capitals_ 42
_A Curious Norman Capital, Seaford_ 43
_Norman and Early English Doorways, Dunstable Priory Church_ 45
_Windows, Showing the Origin of Tracery_ 47
_An Early English Arch, Rochester Cathedral_ 48
_Wall Arcading, Showing Junction of Norman and Early English
Masonry, Dunstable Priory Church_ 50
_An Early English Doorway, Huntingdon_ 51
_A Group of Thirteenth Century Lancet Windows, Ockham_ 53
_Salisbury Cathedral_ 55
_Examples of Early English Capitals and Ornament_ 56
_A Late Decorated Window in a Parish Church, East Sutton_ 59
_Examples of Decorated Ornament_ 61
_Examples of Perpendicular Ornament_ 64
_Early Perpendicular Parish Church, Yeovil_ 65
_A Fine Parish Church, Showing Rich Perpendicular Work,
Terrington St. Clement, Norfolk_ 67
_A Perpendicular Doorway, Merton College_ 68
_A Perpendicular Porch, King's Lynn_ 71
_An English Renaissance Church, S. Stephen, Walbrook_ 78
_A Typical Cornish Font_ 80
_The Sanctuary Knocker, Durham Cathedral_ 82
_The Baptistery in Luton Church_ 83
_An Example of a Leaden Font of the Late Norman Period_ 85
_A Reputed Saxon Font, Shaldon_ 86
_A Detached Holy-Water Stoup of Unusual Design_ 87
_A Typical Somerset Bench-End, Spaxton_ 89
_A Richly-Carved Pulpit and Canopy, Edlesborough_ 91
_Screen with Rood Loft, Kenton_ 93
_The Carved Oak Balustrade in Compton Church_ 94
_Bell Turret for Three Bells, Radipole_ 98
_The Best Example of a Saxon Spire or Pyramidal Roof, Sompting_ 100
_Leighton Buzzard Church, with Early English Tower and Spire_ 102
_A Parish Church with a Shingle Broach Spire, Edenbridge_ 105
_Interior Elevation of a Bay of a Church_ 114

_STYLES OF ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE._

The following periods of architectural style may be of use for the purpose of reference, but it must be borne in mind that they are more or less approximate, as each style merged by slow degrees into the next.

_Norman._--William I. to Stephen. 1066-1154. _Transition Norman._--Henry II. 1154-1189. _Early English Gothic._--Richard I. to Henry III. 1189-1272 _Decorated._--Edward I., II., III. 1272-1377. _Perpendicular._--Richard II. to Henry VII. 1377-1485. _Tudor._--Henry VIII. to Elizabeth. 1485-1600.

Mr. Edmund Sharpe gives seven periods of English architecture up to the time of the Reformation, and dates them as follows:--

_ROMANESQUE._

I. _Saxon_ from ---- to 1066
II. _Norman_ " 1066 " 1145 79 years
III. _Transitional_ " 1145 " 1190 45 "

_GOTHIC._

IV. _Lancet_ from 1190 to 1245 55 years
V. _Geometrical_ " 1245 " 1315 70 "
VI. _Curvilinear_ " 1315 " 1360 45 "
VII. _Rectilinear_ " 1360 " 1550 190 "