Chapter C: Le Clercq (2)

"And proudly we trace them: no warrior flying
From city assaulted, and fanes overthrown,
With the last of his race on the battlements dying,
And weary with wandering, founded our own.
From the Queen of the Islands, then famous in story,
A century since, our brave forefathers came,
And our kindred yet fill the wide world with her glory,
Enlarging her Empire and spreading her name.

CHORUS--"Hail to the day, etc.

"Ev'ry flash of her genius our pathway enlightens--
Ev'ry field she explores we are beckoned to tread--
Each laurel she gathers our future day brightens--
We joy with her living, and mourn for her dead.
Then hail to the day when the Britons came over,
And planted their standard, with sea-foam still wet,
Above and around us their spirits shall hover,
Rejoicing to mark how we honour it yet.

CHORUS--"Hail to the day," etc.]

ESSAYISTS.

[Footnote 44: Page 27.--The principal contributors to the English and American periodical press of late years have been George Stewart of Quebec, Principal Grant, J. G. Bourinot, Martin J. Griffin, W. D. LeSueur, G. M. Dawson, S. E. Dawson, Arnold Haultain, John Reade, J. M. Oxley and Sir W. Dawson. Dr. Stewart of Quebec, despite the demands of journalism, has been always a most earnest literary worker, foremost by his own contributions and by his efforts to encourage the labours of others in the too indifferent little Canadian world. Goldwin Smith has always been a contributor of note, but he is rather an English than a Canadian writer. Among the names of the French Canadian general writers are those of Fréchette, Sulte, Marmette, Faucher de Saint-Maurice, J. Tassé, DeCelles, Dionne, Casgrain and LeMoine; but their efforts have been confined as a rule to the numerous French Canadian periodicals which have appeared for the last thirty years, and after a short career died for want of adequate support. In the numerous periodicals of England and the United States English Canadian writers have great advantages over French Canadians, who are practically limited to their own country, since France offers few opportunities for such literary work.]

WILLIAM KIRBY'S WORKS AND OTHER ROMANCES BY CANADIANS.

[Footnote 45: Page 27.--"The Golden Dog: a Legend of Quebec." New York and Montreal, 1877, 8vo. Also translated by Pamphile LeMay, the French Canadian poet, Montreal, 1884. Mr. Kirby is also the author of several poems of merit: "The U. E.: a Tale of Upper Canada. A Poem in XII. Cantos." Niagara, 1859, 12mo. "Canadian Idylls," Toronto, 1878, etc. He was born in England in 1817, but came to Canada at the early age of fifteen. He was one of the original members of the Royal Society of Canada.

Mr. Lespérance, F.R.S.C., was the author of the "Bastonnais" and other historical romances of some ability, but not of that high order of merit which gives a permanent reputation. The Hon. L. Seth Huntington, long known in Canadian political life, was the author of a semi-political novel, "Professor Conant" (Toronto, 1884), which had its merits, but it fell practically still-born from the press. Many other efforts have been made in the same branch of literature, but the performance, as stated in the text, has not been equal to the ambition that prompted the experiment.]

MAJOR RICHARDSON.

[Footnote 45_a_: Page 27.--Major Richardson was born at Niagara Falls in 1797, and educated at Amherstburg, U.C., where some of the scenes of "Wacousta" are laid. He served in the war of 1812, in the West Indies and in Spain, where he belonged to the British legion. He came back to Canada in 1838, and was for years connected with the press. He wrote a number of novels and short histories of Canadian events, but they are now all forgotten. His historical narrative is not generally trustworthy, while his later romances never even came up to the merit of "Wacousta." He died in obscurity some time after 1854--I cannot find the exact year--in the United States, where he attempted to continue a career of literature.]

MARMETTE.

[Footnote 46: Page 27.--Mr. Joseph Marmette, F.R.S.C., is the author of several works of fiction, viz.:

"François de Bienville. Roman historique." 1^{ere} ed., Québec, 1870; 2^e ed., Montréal, 1882.

"L'Intendant Bigot. Roman historique." Montréal, 1872.

"Le Chevalier de Mornac. Roman historique." Montréal, 1873.

"La Fiancée du Rebelle. Roman historique." Published in 'La Revue Canadienne,' Montreal, 1875.]

DE GASPÉ'S WORKS.

[Footnote 47: Page 27.--"Les Anciens Canadiens." By Philippe Aubert de Gaspé. Quebec, 1863, 8vo.

Several translations have appeared since 1863. That by Prof. Roberts (New York, Appleton & Co., 1890) omits the notes and addenda, which, if not interesting to the general reader, have much value for the historical student. Sulte's "Histoire des Canadiens," vol. vi., contains a portrait of the old French Canadian novelist. He also wrote "Mémoires" (Ottawa, 1886, 8vo.), which have also much historic value on account of their fidelity and simplicity of narrative.]

MRS. CATHERWOOD.

[Footnote 48: Page 28.--Mrs. Mary Hartwell Catherwood, whose home is in Hoopeston, Ill., has so far written and published the following admirable romances of the old days of New France and Acadie:

"The Romance of Dollard." Illustrated. New York, 1889, 12mo.

"The Story of Tonty." Illustrated. Chicago, 1890, 16mo.

"The Lady of Fort St. John." Boston and New York, 1891, 16mo.

"Old Kaskaskia: An Historical Novel of Early Illinois." Boston and New York, 1893, 16mo.

She has now commenced in 'The Century' Magazine a new romance with the title, "The White Islander," a story of old Fort Michillimackinac, and in 'The Atlantic Monthly' another story, "The Chase of Saint Castin." Her romances are never long, but bear the impress of close study of the subject and of much careful writing.]

GILBERT PARKER.

[Footnote 49: Page 28.--He is a most industrious worker in various branches of literature in London. After a residence of a few years in Australia, where he was connected with the Sydney press, he went to England, where he wrote many sketches of Australian life which were well received. Recently he has been studying the interesting phases of French Canadian and Northwest life, and has produced, among other stories, "The Chief Factor," the principal scenes of which are laid in the great territories of the Dominion before they were opened up to the farmer, the rancher and the railway.]

DE MILLE'S WORKS.

[Footnote 50: Page 29.--James De Mille was a native of New Brunswick, and a professor in Dalhousie College, N. S., at the time of his death. His first work of fiction was "Helena's Household: a Tale of Rome in the First Century" (New York, 1858). His most popular works, "The Dodge Club Abroad" (1866), "Cord and Creese" (1867), "The Cryptogram" (1871), and "A Castle in Spain" (1883), first appeared in 'Harper's Monthly.' A strange, imaginative work, "A Curious MS. Found in a Copper Cylinder," was published in New York in 1888, and is understood to have been written by him. It was not until Rider Haggard's fiction became popular that the New York publishers ventured to print a book which so severely taxes the credulity of the reader. As a work of pure invention it is in some respects superior to those of the English author. Mr. De Mille died in 1880, at the age of 43, when much was expected of him. See Appleton's "Cyclo. Am. Biogr.," ii., 138, for a list of his published works except the one just mentioned.]

SARA JEANNETTE DUNCAN.

[Footnote 51: Page 29.--She is the author of three books. "A Social Departure" and "An American Girl in London" have had many readers and are full of promise. Miss Duncan, in company with another young lady, in 1889-90, went around the world, and made numerous contributions to the press of Canada during that tour, but its noteworthy result is the first mentioned volume. She is now married and a resident of India, whose striking aspects of social life she is studying and portraying in print. Her latest story, or rather sketch, of Indian customs, "The Simple Adventures of a Memsahib" (New York, 1893), has many touches of quiet humour. One must regret that her talent has not been directed to the incidents of Canadian life.]

MATTHEW ARNOLD ON LITERATURE AND SCIENCE.

[Footnote 52: Page 31.--The extract given in the text is taken from "Literature and Science," one of Mr. Matthew Arnold's "Discourses in America," published in book form in London, 1885. See pp. 90-92.]

PRINCIPAL GRANT'S ADDRESS.

[Footnote 53: Page 32.--This address to the Royal Society of Canada, to which reference is made in the text, is given in the ninth volume of the 'Transactions,' pp. xxxix-xl. Dr. Grant could never be uninteresting, but the address shows his ideas can now and then be a little chaotic or enigmatic. It is quite evident he has never studied with much care the volumes of the 'Transactions,' or comprehended the useful work the Society is doing in its own way. Never an active member himself, he has not done adequate justice to those who have been at all events conscientious labourers in the vineyard where he has planted no seed.]

SIR J. W. DAWSON.

[Footnote 54: Page 32.--This distinguished scientific man is a Nova Scotian by birth, who, before he became so closely identified with the prosperity of McGill College at Montreal as its principal, was superintendent of education in his native province. His scientific works are numerous, but the one which first brought him fame was his "Acadian Geology: an Account of the Geological Structure and Mineral Resources of Nova Scotia and Portions of the Neighbouring Provinces of British America" (Edinburgh and London, 1855, 8vo.), which has run through many editions, and is now a very large volume compared with the little modest book that first ventured into the world of literature nearly forty years ago.]

MR. BILLINGS.

[Footnote 55: Page 33.--He was born on his father's farm, in the township of Gloucester, near Ottawa. A bibliography, evidently prepared by his own hand, is to be found in "Bibliotheca Canadensis," pp. 31-34. His most important memoirs are on the third and fourth Decades and the Palæozoic fossils of the Canadian Geological Survey, in which nearly all the genera and species of the fossils there described were discovered by himself.]

ORIGIN OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA.

[Footnote 56: Page 33.--The first volume of the 'Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.' (1882-83), pp. i-lxxiv., contains an account of the proceedings before and after the foundation of the Society, with the addresses in full of the Marquess of Lorne and of the first President and Vice-President of the body. On the occasion of the Montreal meeting, 1891, a handbook was largely circulated by the Citizens' Committee with the view of giving information of the object and work of the Society. It was written by Mr. John Reade, F.R.S.C., and contains a succinct history of the origin and operations of the body until May, 1891. It contains plans of McGill College grounds and of Montreal in 1759, and sketches of the old Seminary towers, St. Gabriel-street church, St. Ann's, besides some interesting facts relating to Montreal's historic places.]

SIR D. WILSON, T. S. HUNT AND MR. CHAUVEAU.

[Footnote 57: Page 34.--Dr. Kingsford has given a paper, "In Memoriam, on Sir Daniel Wilson" ('Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.,' vol. xi.) in which he briefly reviews the excellent literary work and the wide culture of that eminent man. In volume ix. of the 'Trans.,' Sec. I., pp. 53-58, there is a well-written paper on the late Mr. Chauveau, by his successor, Mr. L. O. David of Montreal. The presidential address of Abbé Laflamme in 1892 (see 'Trans.,' vol. x.) was devoted to a review of the scientific attainments of Dr. T. Sterry Hunt.]

CANADIAN SOCIETIES.

[Footnote 58: Page 34.--At the present time there are over twenty Canadian scientific and literary societies associated with the Royal Society in its work. Mr. John Reade, in the "Montreal Handbook of 1891" (see Note 56), gives the following list of societies established before 1867: Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 1824; Natural History Society of Montreal, 1827--act of incorporation five years later; Institut Canadien, Quebec, 1846; Canadian Institute, Toronto, 1851; Institut Canadien, Ottawa, 1852; Hamilton Association, 1856; Société Historique, Montréal, 1858: Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science, 1862; Natural History Society, St. John, N.B., 1862; Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, Montreal, 1862; Entomological Society of Ontario, 1863.]

THE EARL OF DERBY AND THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA.

[Footnote 58_a_: Page 42.--Four years ago you were good enough, in offering me the position of your honorary president, to ask the sympathy and encouragement which the governor-general, as Her Majesty's representative, might rightly be asked to manifest towards the representatives of science and of the liberal arts. I am afraid that my contributions to literature and science have been few. I do not know they are such as would have merited the notice of the Royal Society, but I can assure you that none of the members of your body take a deeper interest in all that concerns the welfare of your Society than he who is now laying down the office of honorary president. (Cheers.) There were some persons who considered that in a comparatively new country like Canada it was ambitious on her part when the foundations of the Royal Society were laid, but there must be a beginning of all things, and I think I may appeal to the work which has been and is being done by the different branches of the Society as evidence that its establishment was in no sense premature, but that it was fittingly determined that the progress of science and literature should take place coincidently with that of the country. In a new country like this--I think you have touched upon it in your address--there is a great tendency to further one's material wants, to promote trade and commerce, and to put aside, as it were, literature and the sciences; but here the Royal Society has stepped in and done good work by uniting those who were scattered by distance and who find in the meetings of our Society a convenient opportunity of coming together for the exchanging of ideas and renewing of those friendships which, though perhaps only yearly meetings permit, are nevertheless enduring. If we look back we shall best see what good work is being done. If we could imagine the existence of such a society as this in the older countries in olden times, what a mine of wealth of information would have been afforded us! We see that from the very first, whether in literature, which forms so important a part in our Society; whether it be in the constitutional studies, in which our President is such an adept--and I was glad to see his authority has been quoted on the other side of the Atlantic as well as on this--whether it be in the literature of the chivalrous pioneers of France, who first led the way into the unbroken wilderness, or whether it be in the latter days of constitutional progress of this country and its relations both to the old world and the country growing up alongside of us.

In literature, history and poetry, also, the Society will from the first have its stamp, as we trust, upon the future of the Canadian race. (Cheers.) That science and the arts to an equal extent may find a place here is our earnest wish, in order that by sentiment and feeling we may bind together in the closest ties that by which she must achieve a great and enduring success. I must not detain you from your other duties, but I could not refrain from saying in a few words how heartily and truly I appreciate and believe in the work of the Royal Society. At your next meeting, as you truly say, I fear I shall not be amongst you; but though the Atlantic may roll between us, you may be certain that in spirit, at least, I hope to be present at your meeting, and shall follow with the liveliest and deepest interest any record you may be good enough to send me of what takes place on that occasion. * * * * * I appeal not the less to my French colleagues than to my English ones in all matters which relate to the welfare of the Society. Science, art and literature, it is true, are cosmopolitan, but they are well knit together in this Society. We who have experienced in Canada the hospitality of its people are grateful for it. We have admired the greatness of the resources of this country, and we look forward to a society like this as having ample work to do in the future. As in every respect Canada seems to be disposed always to take a forward part, so I hope the Royal Society will ever press on to a higher and higher goal; and, gentlemen, I can wish to the Royal Society, to all my friends and brothers of the Society, to whom I once more tender my hearty thanks, no greater blessing than, like Canada itself, that they may be happy, united and prosperous. (Loud and prolonged cheers.)]

S. E. DAWSON ON TENNYSON.

[Footnote 59: Page 40.--"A Study, with Critical and Explanatory Notes, of Lord Tennyson's Poem, The Princess." By S. E. Dawson. Montreal, 1882, 12mo. 2nd ed. 1884. The preface contains a long and interesting letter from the poet, which "throws some light upon some important literary questions regarding the manner and method of the poet's working." Tennyson describes the "Study" truly as an "able and thoughtful essay."]

THE OLD 'CANADIAN MONTHLY.'

[Footnote 60: Page 40.--It first appeared in Toronto in 1872 (Adam Stevenson & Co.), soon after Prof. Goldwin Smith took up his permanent residence in that western city. Much of its reputation for years necessarily depended on the contributions of a writer who, if he has failed to identify himself of late with the national or Canadian sentiment of the people, has at all events done something in the past to improve the style of Canadian _littérateurs_ and to elevate the tone of journalism. The 'Monthly' was the ablest successor of a long list of literary aspirants in the same field, the majority of which had a still shorter existence. See Bourinot's "Intellectual Development of the Canadian People" (Toronto, 1881), chap. iv. and 'Canadian Monthly,' March, 1881.]

FORM OF ROYAL SOCIETY 'TRANSACTIONS.'

[Footnote 61: Page 42.--Since the delivery of the presidential address the Royal Society decided by a considerable majority--chiefly made up of the two scientific sections--to continue the quarto form for the present. Under these circumstances the compromise suggested may be adopted--that of printing separate editions of important monographs and works from time to time by some understanding with the author.]

THE STUDY OF THE CLASSICS.

[Footnote 62: Page 49.--The following is a fuller quotation from Prof. Goldwin Smith's very apposite remarks delivered before the Classical Association of Ontario (see 'The Week,' April 28th, 1893): "No age has stood more in need of humanizing culture than this, in which physical culture reigns. One of the newspapers the other day invited us to take part in a symposium the subject of which was 'How to Produce a Perfect Man.' The problem was large, but one help to its solution might have been a reminder to keep the balance. A romantic age stands in need of science, a scientific and utilitarian age stands in need of the humanities. Darwin avows that poetry gave him no pleasure whatever. This surely was a loss, unless the whole side of things which poetry denotes is dead and gone, nothing but dry science being left us; in which case the generations that are coming may have some reason, with all their increase of knowledge and power, to wish that they had lived nearer the youth of the world." See _supra_, Note 1, for Mr. Lowell's remarks on the same subject.]

CANADIAN LIBRARIES.

[Footnote 63: Page 53.--Some interesting facts as to the evolution of libraries in the Dominion can be gathered by reference to Bourinot's "Intellectual Development in Canada" (Toronto, 1831); Canniff Haight's "Country Life in Canada Fifty Years Ago"; Dr. Canniff's "History of Ontario"; and Dr. Kingsford's "Early Bibliography of Ontario." The principal results of the Ontario law providing for the establishment of free libraries by votes of ratepayers in a community have been the opening of two excellent libraries in Hamilton and Toronto--the latter under the judicious superintendence of Mr. James Bain.]

CANADIAN ARTISTS.

[Footnote 64: Page 54.--An Art Society was founded in Upper Canada as far back as 1841, but its exhibitions were necessarily representative of British works of art. The present Art Association was founded in Montreal in 1860, and the Ontario School of Arts, which is doing excellent work, twelve years later, with its headquarters in Toronto. The Royal Canadian Academy, mentioned in the text, was established in 1880. The influence of these and two or three minor institutions in Canada has been on the whole in the direction of stimulating art, but their efforts are not adequately encouraged by government or people in the provinces.

The following is a list of the painters in oils and water colours whose pictures now make the principal features of the annual exhibitions in Ontario and Quebec, and the majority of whom were inadequately represented at Chicago: F. A. Verner, whose Indian and Canadian scenes are excellent; H. M. Matthews, who has made a high reputation for his Rocky Mountain paintings; L. R. O'Brien, essentially the most finished painter of picturesque Canada; T. Mower Martin, an industrious painter of wild sports and Canadian scenery; E. Wyley Grier, who has done some good work in portraits and natural scenery; W. Brymner, one of the most promising younger painters of Canadian scenes: George Reid, whose "Foreclosure of the Mortgage" is one of the best pictures produced in the Dominion; John Hammond of St. John, N.B., a painter of water life; Percy Woodcock, whose efforts at sketches of Canadian rural life are praiseworthy: F. M. Bell-Smith, who has a decided artistic faculty for the portraiture of our noblest scenery; Homer Watson, a favourite for his rustic landscapes and romantic pastorals; J. W. L. Forster, in some respects the best figure painter, but also capable of good landscapes; G. Bruenech, a careful artist of scenery; Ernest Thompson, who has made some good efforts at prairie subjects; J. C. Forbes, who painted Mr. Gladstone's portrait, and is one of the best artists of the class that Canada has so far known; W. Raphael and O. R. Jacobi, two of the oldest and best known painters of Canadian landscape. To these we must add Miss Minnie A. Bell, A. Watson, Miss Sidney S. Tully, Mrs. M. H. Reid, J. T. Rolph, R. F. Gagen, T. C. McGillivray Knowles, Forshaw Day, L. Huot, Mlle. Colombier, E. Dyonnet, C. Macdonald Manly, D. P. MacKillsan, J. W. Morrice, A. D. Patterson, Miss G. F. Spurr, F. S. Challener, Paul J. Wickson, Mrs. M. B. Screiber, W. Revell, D. Fowler, Miss E. May Martin, Miss Laura Muntz, Miss F. M. Bell-Smith, Miss Florence Carlyle, Miss I. M. F. Adams, Owen P. Staples, Mrs. M. E. Dignam, Charles Alexander, W. E. Atkinson, J. C. Mills, J. A. Fraser (in New York), Carl Ahrens, W. A. Sherwood, Miss Fannie Sutherland, T. C. V. Ede, H. Sandham (in New York), Mr. Harvey, Mr. Cruickshank, Mr. Seavey, A. Cox, Miss Edwards, J. Griffith, Colin Scott, J. Wilson, James Smith, C. J. Way, F. Brownell, A. P. Coleman, R. Harris, Miss Holden and Miss Houghton. Many of these artists, whose merits, of course, vary much, are not native Canadians. One of the strongest landscape painters, Mr. Matthews, is an Englishman, who has now, after some years, thoroughly understood the light and colour of Canadian scenery. O'Brien, Brymner, L. Huot, Forbes, Forster, Pinhey, Sidney Tully, G. Harris, Gagen, Knowles, Watson, Alexander, A. D. Patterson, C. M. Manly, E. May Martin and George Reid are Canadians. G. T. Berthon, who died recently in Toronto at an advanced age, and was known as a painter of numerous portraits, the best of which are to be seen in Osgoode Hall, was of French origin and education. Raphael is German by birth and education. Jacobi is a painter of the Dusseldorf school, and was at one time employed in the court of the King of Bavaria. Bruenech is a native, I understand, of Denmark, though educated in Canada. E. W. Grier is an Englishman by birth and education, with a knowledge of French art derived from study in Paris. So is Ernest Thompson, who also studied in Paris. Mower Martin is an Englishman, educated in that country and in Canada, with whose scenery he has been always enamoured. Carl Ahrens was born and educated in the United States. Miss Minnie Bell and Miss Laura Muntz are among the most promising younger artists of Canada. Both were born and received their elementary education in Canada. Miss Bell, after studying in Paris, is now in Montreal. Miss Muntz is still studying in Paris. Robert Harris is a native of Prince Edward Island. Mr. N. Bourassa, who is a French Canadian artist, has of late years devoted himself to ecclesiastical decoration. His best work is to be seen in the architecture and decoration of the churches of Notre Dame de Nazareth and Notre Dame de Lourdes, in Montreal, and he has the credit of having first applied probably in America "the art of painting to the adornment of Christian churches in the broad and thorough manner so common at one period in central Italy." (See Dr. S. E. Dawson's "Handbook of Canada," Montreal, 1888, pp. 183, 184.) The influence of the French schools of painting can be seen in the best works of Paul Peel (now dead), Forster, Harris, Geo. Reid and John Pinhey (born at Ottawa), all of whom have had success at the salons. At the present time there are some twenty-five Canadians, more or less, studying in Paris, and the majority are French Canadians. In fact, the French schools draw students from Canada as well as from the United States, and England is relatively ignored. The artistic temperament is more stimulated by the _ateliers_ and the student life of Paris than among the more business-like and cold surroundings of a student in London. In sculpture the names are very few, Hamilton McCarthy, Hébert and Dunbar having alone done meritorious work, but of these three Hébert is the only native Canadian. One of the very first painters to draw attention, years ago, to Canadian scenery, especially to the wonderfully vivid tints of autumn, was Krieghoff, whose pictures have been so much copied that it is difficult now to tell the originals from the reproductions. He was, however, not a native Canadian but a Swiss painter from the German-speaking cantons, I believe. The name of Paul Kane (born in Toronto) will be always identified with Indian life and customs, and as the pioneer of art in Canada. A fine collection of his paintings is in the possession of Hon. G. W. Allan, who has always taken an active interest in the development of art in the city of which he has been so long an honoured citizen.

Among other Canadian artists who laboured in the commencement of art studies in this country may be mentioned the following: Dulongpré, Samuel Berczy, Audy, William Berczy, Vincent Zacharie Thelariolin (Indian of Lorette, 1812-1886), Hamel, Carey, T. H. Burnett, J. J. Girouard, P. Leber--many of whose artistic efforts are already forgotten though their work was meritorious. With respect to Berthon, the following note by Col. G. T. Denison, F.R.S.C., of Toronto, which I have received since writing of the artist above, will be of interest: "His father was a court painter under the great Napoleon, and several of his pictures are now in Versailles. He was a Frenchman, and I think was in Vienna when his son, my old friend, was born; for I am under the impression Berthon told me he was born in Vienna. I think he was brought up in France, and went to London when comparatively young, and there set up as a portrait painter. He was induced to come out to Canada about the year 1843 or 1844, and settled in Toronto soon after, where he died about a year ago, over eighty years of age. He was certainly, when in his prime, the best portrait painter we ever had in Canada, and in my opinion was better than most of the men of great celebrity in London to-day."

The successful artists at the World's Fair, where 113 works in all were presented from Canada, were the following: Mr. G. Reid, whose great picture mentioned above could not fail to attract much notice, Mr. Harris, Mr. Ede, Miss Holden and Mr. J. A. Fraser. This is satisfactory in view of the fact that the best work of the majority of leading Canadian artists was not represented in the exhibition. Apart from Mr. Reid's painting, the pictures that were signalled out for special notice were not equal in some respects to other efforts of the same artists that have been seen in our annual exhibitions.

In closing this note I cannot do better than give the following judicious remarks on art in Canada, delivered before the Canadian Institute, by an able Canadian artist, J. W. L. Forster: "The art of Canada to-day is a mingling of elements.... The influence of the old world may be seen in the work of many who cherish still the precepts of their masters. Yet it is due to those who have adopted Canada as their home to say they are as Canadian in the faithful reproduction of the pure glories of our climate as those who first saw the sun in our own sky. Our native artists who have studied abroad are much inclined to paint a Canadian sky with the haze of Western Europe, and our verdure, too, as though it grew upon foreign soil. Our art is not Canadian.... Material is certainly not wanting, nor _motif_ of the grander order. The first requisite is for a stronger national spirit. Events are slowly developing this; and the signs are full of promise in this direction. The second great need is for a museum equipped with well-chosen specimens of the world's art. Our government and citizens are establishing schools of industrial and fine art, yet when we would point our pupils to examples of pure art, lo! there are none; and when we would know what art has been, in order to discover what art may be, we must go as exiles and pilgrims to foreign cities. A museum that gives the best of their art history and achievement will greatly strengthen our hope and give rein to our ambition. A third need is for capable and generous criticism. There are many men whose discernment and sympathies fit them eminently for the role of art critic; but as yet journalism has not opened wide the door to advancement in such a specialty."]

ARCHITECTURAL ART.

[Footnote 64_a_: Page 57.--While Canadian architecture is generally wanting in originality of conception, yet it affords many good illustrations of the effective adaptation of the best art of Europe to the principal edifices of the large cities. These are the most noteworthy public buildings:

In _Ottawa_.--The parliament and departmental buildings, admirable examples of Italian Gothic of the 13th century, with a fine central tower, the effect of which has been marred by a later tower in the western block out of harmony with the general design of an otherwise perfect group.

In _Quebec_.--The legislative building in the French style of the 17th century, noteworthy for its niches containing statues of men famous in French Canadian history.

In _Montreal_.--The parish church of Notre Dame, on the Place d'Armes, of a simple Gothic style, attractive for its stateliness and massiveness.

Christ Church Cathedral, on St. Catherine street, worthy of study as an admirable specimen of the early English style of ecclesiastical architecture, exhibiting unity of design and correctness of proportions.

Notre Dame de Lourdes, whose interior has been already spoken of (see preceding note); a good example of the Byzantine order, combined with effects of the Italian Renaissance recalling Venetian architecture.

The Montreal Bank, on St. James street, an artistic illustration of the Corinthian order, with an interior interesting for the artistic effort to illustrate on the walls remarkable scenes in Canadian history.

The Canadian Pacific Station, on Windsor street, a fine example of an adaptation of old Norman architecture to modern necessities.

In _Toronto_.--The University, perhaps the best example in America of a modern conception of Norman architecture, with a tower of much beauty.

Trinity University, whose graceful Tudor-Gothic design, in which the tower is a conspicuous feature, is marred by the clumsy projection of a later chapel building, entirely out of harmony with the admirable front.

Osgoode Hall, of the Ionic order, modified by additions of the Italian Renaissance.

St. Andrew's Church, a combination of the Norman and Byzantine orders, more suitable for a great library or a hall than an ecclesiastical edifice. As a specimen of architecture, apart from its purpose, it is harmonious and artistic.

The new legislative buildings, which are the most pretentious in Canada after the Ottawa parliament house, are a praiseworthy effort to illustrate the Romanesque, with details of the Celtic and Indo-Germanic schools.

The Methodist Metropolitan Church, a judicious example of a modern form of the Gothic style which distinguished the 13th century in France. It is at once simple and harmonious in its general design, and has a massive tower which adds to the general effect of the whole structure.

St. James's Church, often cited as a good example of ecclesiastical Gothic, with a graceful and well-proportioned tower and steeple, conspicuous from all points of view.

In _Hamilton_.--The court-house is in some respects the best designed of its kind in Canada. The head office of the Canada Life Assurance Company is noteworthy for its graceful simplicity, in its way not equalled in Canada.

In _Fredericton_.--The Church of England Cathedral, a perfect specimen, on a small scale, of pure early English Gothic on the Continent.

The new library building which McGill University owes to the public spirit of Mr. Redpath, of Montreal, is distinguished by the graceful simplicity of its external form, and the conveniences of its beautiful interior. Apart from this fine edifice, however, and the parliamentary library at Ottawa, whose external design is harmonious and whose internal fittings illustrate the effectiveness of our natural woods, Canada has no such libraries--in special buildings I mean--noteworthy for beauty of architecture and convenience of arrangements as we find among our neighbours, illustrating their public and private spirit. Neither have we an art gallery of special architectural features, for the building at Montreal is simple in the extreme. Such as it is, however, it is an object of imitation to other cities in Canada.]

"FIDELIS."

[Footnote 65: Page 60.--The poetic citation which closes the presidential address is taken from Miss Machar's ("Fidelis") verses on "Dominion Day," which appear in "Songs of the Great Dominion," pp. 15-17, and merit a wide audience for their patriotic spirit and poetic taste.]

INDEX.

"Acadia, History of," by J. Hannay, 71.

"Acadian Geology," by Sir J. W. Dawson, 84.

"After Weary Years," romance by Archbp. O'Brien, of Halifax, N.S., 74.

Ahrens, Carl, artist, 88.

Algonquin Grammar, by Abbé Cuoq, 37.

Allan, Hon. G. W., his love of art, 88.

"An American Girl in London," by Sara J. Duncan, 83.

"Aminta," poem by Archbishop O'Brien, 74.

"Anciens Canadiens," by P. de Gaspé, 27, 82.

Archibald, Sir Adams J., statesman, 15.

Archibald, S. J. W., statesman, 15.

Architecture in Canada, imitative rather than original, 57;
special buildings of architectural beauty mentioned, 89, 91.

Art in Canada, 53;
names of eminent painters, 54, 87;
want of art galleries, 53, 54;
establishment of art associations in Montreal and Toronto, 89;
the Canadian Academy of Art, 54;
some general remarks on its use, ib.;
J. W. L. Forster cited on the subject, 89;
success of Canadian artists at the Chicago World's Fair, 55, 89.

Art gallery in Montreal, 53, 91.

Arnold, Matthew, on the large meaning of "Literature," 31, 32, 83.

Australian novelists, superior to those of Canada, 25;
names, 79.

Australian poets compared with those of Canada, 25;
names, 79;
extracts from, 79.

Baldwin, Hon. Robert, statesman, 14.

Bank of Montreal Building at Montreal, its architecture, 90.

"Bastonnais, The," romance by J. Lespérance, 82.

"Beggars All," by L. Dougall, 29.

Belknap, Jeremy, his "History of New Hampshire," 13, 67.

Bell, Miss Minnie, artist, 87.

Bell-Smith, F. M., artist, 88.

Beothiks, or Red Indians of Newfoundland, essay on, by Dr. Patterson,
38.

Berthon, G. T., artist, 89.

Bibaud, Michel, his History of Canada, 12, 67.

Bibliography of the writings of members of the Royal Society, 72.

"Bienville, François de," romance by M. Marmette, 27, 82.

Billings, Elkanah, geologist, 33, 84.

Biography, literature of, weak in Canada, 42.

Blake, Edward, mentioned, 17, 43.

Boucher, Pierre, his account of the customs and natural productions of
Nouvelle France, 6, 63.

Bouchette, Joseph, his works on the topography of Canada, 12, 67.

Bourassa, N., artist, 88.

Brown, J. H., poet, 76.

Bruenech, G., artist, 87.

Bunsen, Chevalier, his opinion on what constitutes the excellence of a
romance, 29.

Brymner, W., artist, 54, 88.

Campbell, Wilfred, his poems, 20;
quotations therefrom, 75.

Canada Life Assurance Building at Hamilton, its architecture, 90.

Canada, three eras of development, 4.

"Canadian Idylls," poems by W. Kirby, 82.

Canadian Literary and Scientific Societies, the oldest in Canada,
34, 84.

"Canadian Monthly," its usefulness, 40, 86.

Canadian Pacific RR., Station at Montreal, its architecture, 90.

"Canadiens de l'Ouest," by J. Tassé, 72.

"Carillon, le Drapeau de," poem by O. Crémazie, quoted, 68.

Carman, Bliss, his poems, 20.

Cartier, Sir George Etienne, statesman, 14.

Casgrain, Abbé, his historical works, 71;
his opinion of Crémazie, 20.

Catherwood, Mary Hartwell, writer of fiction, 28, 82.

Champlain, compared with Columbus, 5;
with Captain John Smith, 62;
his works, 6, 61.

"Chants Nouveaux," poems by B. Sulte, 73.

Charlevoix, his history of Nouvelle France, 6, 62;
his opinion of society in Quebec, 8.

Chauveau, P. J. O., his poems, etc., 17;
one of the founders of the Royal Society, 34, 67.

Chevrier, R., poet, 76.

Christie, Robert, his history of Lower Canada, 18, 69.

"Chief Factor, The," novel by Gilbert Parker, 28, 82.

Christ Church Cathedral at Fredericton, its architecture, 90.

Christ Church Cathedral at Montreal, its architecture, 90.

Classics, Study of;
Goldwin Smith on, 49, 86;
Matthew Arnold on, 50;
J. Russell Lowell on, 61;
should be encouraged in Canadian colleges, 49;
its results in French Canada, 65.

Clarke, Professor, mentioned, 10.

"Clàrsach nam Beann," Gaelic poems by E. McColl, 77.

Clercq, Père Chrestien le, his "Etablissement de la Foy," 6, 64.

"Coogee," poem by H. C. Kendall, the Australian poet, cited, 79.

"Cours d'Histoire du Canada," by Abbé Ferland, 18, 70.

Crawford, Isabella Valancy, poet, 76.

Crémazie, Octave, his poems, 17, 68.

Creux, Père du, his _Historia Canadensis_, 6, 63.

Criticism, necessity for a spirit of genuine, in Canada, 47;
reference to S. E. Dawson's essay on "The Princess," 40;
Sainte-Beuve quoted, 47.

Cuoq, Abbé, his works on the Algonquin language, contributed to Royal
Society, 37.

Davin, Nicholas Flood, poet, 75.

Dawson, Æneas, poet, 74.

Dawson, G. M., his contributions to Royal Society, 38.

Dawson, S. E., his criticism on "The Princess," 40, 86.

Dawson, Sir W., _doyen_ of Science in Canada, 19, 32, 34, 38, 84.

"Découverte du Mississippi, La," poem by L. Fréchette quoted, 72.

Dent, John C., his histories, 19, 70.

Derby, the Earl of, his farewell address to the Royal Society of
Canada, 85.

Deville, E., his contributions to Royal Society, 39.

Dewart, E. H., poet, his collection of Canadian poems, 73.

Dionne, N. E., his writings, 62, 72.

"Dodge Club Abroad," by Professor De Mille, 29, 83.

Doyle, Conan, his "Refugees" held up to imitation of Canadian writers
of romance, 28.

"Dread Voyage," poem by W. Campbell, 75.

"Dreamland" and other poems by C. Mair, 74.

Dunbar, sculptor, 88.

Duncan, Sara Jeannette, author, 29.

Duvar, John Hunter, poet, 75.

Ede, T. C. V., artist, wins success at Chicago World's Fair, 89.

Edgar, James D., poet, 26.

Edgar, Mrs., her "Ridout Letters" quoted, 78.

Education, in French Canada under old regime, 7, 8;
in Canada from 1760-1840, 9;
from 1840-1893, 65;
its present condition and defects, 49-51.

Emerson, representative of original American genius, 23.

"Epic of the Dawn," poem by N. F. Davin, 75.

Essayists, names of principal French and English, 81.

Faillon, Abbé, his history of the "Colonie française," 19, 70.

Fauna of St. John Group, geological work by G. F. Matthew, 39.

Ferland, J. B. A., his "History of Canada," 18, 70.

"Flag of Old England," poem by Joseph Howe, quoted, 80.

Flora and Botany of Canada, essays on, by Professors Lawson, Macoun
and Penhallow, 39.

Forbes, J. C., artist, 87.

"Foreclosure of the Mortgage," painting by G. A. Reid, 87.

Forster, J. W. L., artist, his remarks on the tendency of Canadian
art, 89.

Fraser, J. A., artist, wins success at Chicago "World's Fair," 89.

Fréchette, L., his poems, 29;
quotation from his "Découverte du Mississippi," 72;
essayist, 81.

French Canada: early writers of her history, Champlain, Boucher, Le
Clercq, Charlevoix, etc., 6, 7, 61-64;
culture and science during French regime, 8;
historians and poets from 1760-1840, 17, 18;
from 1840 to 1867, 20, 74;
from 1867-1893, 72-74;
writers of romance few in number, 27;
influence of the French language, 58-60;
its probable duration, 59.

French language in Canada, remarks on, 58-60.

French Canadian poetry, an estimate of its merits, 22-24.

Gagen, R. F., artist, 87.

"Gazette" of Montreal, 13.

Galissonière, La, his culture and scientific spirit, 8, 64, 65.

Ganong, Prof., contributor to Royal Society of Canada, 38.

Garneau, F. X., his "Histoire du Canada," 18, 70.

Gladstone, Right Hon. Mr., portrait of, painted by J. C. Forbes, 87.

"Globe" of Toronto, 51.

"Golden Dog, The," romance by W. Kirby, 27;
translated by P. LeMay, 81.

Gordon, A. Lindsay, his spirited poem, "The Sick Stock-rider," quoted,
79.

Grant, Principal, author and lecturer, 10, 32, 83.

Greek, study of, desirable, 50, 61.

Grier, E. W., artist, 88.

Griffin, M. J., essayist and poet, 77, 81.

Haida Grammar, to be printed by Royal Society, 37.

Haliburton, Judge, his "Sam Slick," 11, 66;
his "History of Nova Scotia," 12, 66.

Hamel, Mgr., contributor to Royal Society, 39.

Hamilton Court-house, its architecture, 90.

Hamilton, P. S., poet, 73.

Hammond, John, artist, 87.

Hannay, J., his "History of Acadia," 71.

Harris, George, artist, 88.

Harrison, S. Frances ("Seranus"), poet, 76.

Harvey, Moses, his contributions to Royal Society, 38.

Haultain, Arnold, mentioned, 81.

Hawthorne, N., representative of original American genius, 23.

Heavysege, Chas., his poems, 17, 18, 69.

Hébert, French Canadian sculptor, 57, 88.

Historians of Canada: W. Smith, 66;
M. Bibaud, 67;
Haliburton's Nova Scotia, 12, 66;
Garneau, 70;
Ferland, 70;
Faillon, 70;
B. Sulte, 71;
J. C. Dent, 70;
L. Turcotte, 71;
Withrow, 71;
Kingsford, 71;
McMillan, 71;
Hannay, 71;
Murdoch, 71;
Tanguay, 71;
Dionne, 71;
Casgrain, 37, 71;
Gosselin, 72.

"Histoire des Canadiens Français," by B. Sulte, 71.

"Histoire de la Colonie Française en Canada," by Abbé Faillon, 19, 70.

Holden, Miss, artist, wins success at Chicago World's Fair, 89.

Houghton, Miss, artist, wins success at Chicago World's Fair, 89.

Howe, Joseph, as poet and orator, 11, 17, 26, 66, 69;
one of his poems quoted in full, 80.

Hunt, Thomas Sterry, his contributions to the Royal Society of Canada,
39;
one of its founders, 33.

Huntington, Hon. L. S., statesman and novelist, 82.

Huot, L., artist, 88.

Hutchinson, Governor, his "History of Massachusetts," 6, 13, 63.

"In Divers Tones," poem by C. G. D. Roberts, 74.

"In the Millet," poems by A. Lampman, 75.

Intellectual Development in Canada: under the French regime, 5-8;
books, newspapers, education and culture from 1760-1840, 9-18;
from 1840-1893, 19-27;
statesmen of intellectual power, mentioned, 14, 15;
historical literature, 18, 20;
poets, 20;
essayists, 81;
humorists, 11;
novelists, 27;
biographers, 42;
pulpit literature, 43;
legal literature, 43;
newspaper development, 52;
the Royal Society and its work, 33-42;
success of scientific writers, 32;
want of good magazines, 40;
no very striking results yet achieved, 45;
obstacles in the way of successful literary results in Canada, 46;
artistic achievement, 54, 55;
architectural work lacking originality, 57;
general remarks, on the intellectual conditions of Canada, 58;
what is wanted to stimulate mental effort in the Dominion, 60;
intellectual standard of our legislative bodies, 43;
the great drain on our intellectual strength by the legislative
bodies of the Dominion, 44;
business capacity now chiefly conspicuous in legislative halls, 45.

Jacobi, O. R., artist, 88.

Jamestown, Va., in ruins, 3, 61.

Jesuit College, founded at Quebec, 7.

Jesuit Relations, 6, 63.

Johnstone, James W., statesman, 15.

Kalm, Peter, his reference to culture and science in French Canada,
8, 64.

Kane, Paul, painter of Indian scenes, 88.

Katzmann, M. J., poet, 77.

Kingsford, W., his "History of Canada," 71;
his address, _In Memoriam_, Sir D. Wilson, 34, 84.

Kirby, W., his "Golden Dog," and other works, 27, 81.

Knowles, G., artist, 88.

Krieghoff, painter of Canadian scenery, 88.

Laflamme, Prof., contributor to Royal Society, 39.

Lafitau, his account of Indian life and customs, 6, 63.

Lafontaine, Sir Louis Hypolite, statesman, 14.

"Lake Lyrics," poems by W. Campbell, 75.

Lampman, Archibald, poet, 20, 75.

"Later Canadian Poems," collected by J. E. Wetherell, 76.

Laval University, mentioned, 7, 39, 70.

Law, literature of, in Canada, 43.

Legendre, N., author, 76.

"Légendes Canadiennes," by Abbé Casgrain, 71.

"Legend of the Rose," poem by S. J. Watson, 73.

Legislative Buildings at Quebec, their architecture, 90.

Legislative Buildings at Toronto, their architecture, 90.

LeMay, P., his poems, 20, 73.

Lescarbot, Marc, his "Nouvelle France," 6, 62.

Lespérance, John, novelist, 77.

"Les Echos," poems by Judge Routhier, 74.

"Les Fleurs Boréales," prize poems by L. Fréchette, 72.

"Les Laurentiennes," poems by B. Sulte, 73.

LeSueur, W. D., essayist, 81.

Libraries in Canada, before 1840, 10;
at present time, 53, 87, 90.

Lighthall, W. D., his collection of Canadian poems, 76.

Lockhart, B. W. and A. J., poets, 74.

Logan, Sir William, geologist, born in Canada, 19.

"London Times," an example of a perfect newspaper, 16.

Lorne, Marquess of, establishes the Royal Society of Canada, 33;
and the Canadian Academy of Art, with the Princess Louise, 54.

Louise, H. R. H. the Princess, her labours in connection with Art in
Canada, 54.

Lowell, James Russell, his remarks on the measure of a nation's true
success, 1, 2;
on the study of the classics, 61.

Macdonald, Sir John A., statesman, 15.

Machar, Miss ("Fidelis"), one of her poems quoted, 60, 90.

Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, statesman, 15.

Mackenzie, William Lyon, politician and agitator, 14.

Magazine, need of, in Canada, 40, 41;
the old "Canadian Monthly," 40.

Mair, Charles, poet, 20, 74.

Manly, C. M., artist, 54.

Marmette, J., works cited, 82.

Martin, E. May, artist, 88.

Martin, Mower, artist, 87.

"Masque of Minstrels," poems by the Lockhart Brothers, 74.

Mather, Cotton, his _Magnalia_, 7, 64.

Matthew, G. F., his contributions to the Royal Society, 39.

Matthews, H. M., artist, 87.

McCarthy, Hamilton, sculptor, 88.

McColl, Evan, his Gaelic poems, 77.

McGee, T. D'Arcy, statesman and author, 15.

McLachlan, Alexander, his poems, 17, 69.

Metropolitan Methodist Church at Toronto, its architecture, 90.

"Montcalm et Lévis," history by Abbé Casgrain, 20.

Montesquieu, his "Esprit des Lois," its high place in literature, 31.

Montreal, its Art Gallery, 53;
its architectural features, 57, 91.

Morin, Augustin Norbert, statesman, 14.

Muntz, Miss, artist, 54, 88.

Newspapers in Canada, previous to 1867, 9, 16, 66;
at present time, 51;
their character, 52.

Novel-writing in Canada, not generally successful, 27;
exceptions, "Golden Dog" by Kirby, 27;
"François de Bienville" by Marmette, 27;
"Les Anciens Canadiens" by De Gaspé, 27;
De Mille's works, 29;
Sara Jeannette Duncan, 29;
Gilbert Parker, 28;
L. Dougall, 29.

Notre Dame de Lourdes, in Montreal, decorated by N. Bourassa, 88.

O'Brien, L. R., artist, 54.

O'Brien, Most Rev. Dr., author, 74.

O'Doyle, L. O'Connor, orator, 15.

O'Hagan, T., poet, 74.

"Oiseaux de Neige, Les," poems by L. Fréchette, 72.

"Orion" and other poems, by Professor Roberts, 74.

Osgoode Hall in Toronto, its architecture, 90.

"Our Fathers," by Joseph Howe, mentioned, 77.

Papineau, Louis Joseph, statesman, 14.

Parkman, Francis, his vivid historical pictures of Canada, 4.

Parish Church of Notre Dame at Montreal, its architecture, 90.

Parliament and Departmental Buildings at Ottawa, their architecture,
90.

Parliamentary Library at Ottawa, its architecture, 90.

Patterson, A. D., artist, 54, 88.

Patterson, Dr., his contributions to Royal Society of Canada, 38.

Peel, Paul, artist, 88.

"Pine, Rose and Fleur-de-Lis," poems by S. Frances Harrison,
("Seranus"), 76.

Pinhey, John, artist, 54, 88.

Poets of Canada;
previous to 1867, 17;
from 1867-1893, 20, 72;
estimate of their productions, 20-25;
patriotic strain of many of their efforts, 25-27.

Political Life in Canada, attracts best intellects in old times,
11, 43;
also at present, 43, 44.

Potherie, La, his "Amérique Septentrionale," 6, 63.

"Professor Conant," novel by L. S. Huntington, 82.

"Prehistoric Man," by Sir D. Wilson, 81.

Pulpit, literature of, in Canada, 43.

Raphael, W., artist, 54.

Reade, John, his poems, 20, 21, 73;
his "In My Heart" quoted at length, 77;
essayist, 81.

Redpath Library at Montreal, 90.

Reid, G. A., Canadian artist, his "Foreclosure of the Mortgage," his
success at the World's Fair, 87.

Religious literature, 10.

Richardson, A. H., the architect, a lover of the Romanesque,
mentioned, 57.

Richardson, Major, his romances, 82.

Riley, James Whitcomb, the poet, 20.

Roberts, C. G. D., his poems, 20, 26, 74.

"Roberval," poem by J. H. Duvar, 75.

Routhier, J. B., poet, 74.

Royal Society of Canada, its foundation, 33;
its objects, 33-36;
its success, 36;
its Transactions and their circulation, 36, 37;
some of its most prominent contributions to the literature of
learning and science, 37-39;
its connection with "Tidal Observations," and the determination of
the true longitude of Montreal, etc., 38;
asks for sympathetic encouragement, 42;
see note 58, p. 84.

Ruskin, John, 21;
quoted, 48.

Ryan, Carroll, poet, 73.

Sagard, Gabriel, his "Grand Voyage," etc., 6, 63.

Sainte-Beuve on French poetry, 22;
on good workmanship in literature, and criticism, 47.

Saint-Maurice, Faucher de, mentioned, "Sam Slick," by Judge
Haliburton, 11, 12, 66.

Sangster, Charles, his poems, 17, 69.

Sarrazin, Dr. Michel, his scientific labours in Canada, 8, 64.

Schools in Canada, number of, 65;
pupils at same, 65.

Science, Canadians achieve notable success therein, 32.

Sculptors in Canada, 57, 88.

Secord, Laura, her toilsome journey in 1813, described by Mrs. Edgar,
78;
worthy of a poet's pen, 24.

Selections from Canadian Poets, by E. H. Dewart, 73.

Seminary, The Great and Lesser, founded at Quebec, 6.

"Simple Adventures of a Memsahib," by Sara J. Duncan, 83.

Sladen, Douglas, his collection of American poems, 76.

Smith, Captain John, compared with Samuel Champlain, 62.

Smith, Goldwin, on the study of the classics, 49.

Smith, William, his History of Canada, 12, 66.

"Social Departure, A," by Sara J. Duncan, 29, 83.

"Songs of the Great Dominion," collection of poems by W. D. Lighthall,
76.

"Songs of Life," by E. H. Dewart, 73.

"Songs of a Wanderer," by Carroll Ryan, 73.

St. Andrew's Church at Toronto, its architecture, 90.

St. James's Cathedral at Toronto, its architecture, 90.

Statesmanship in Canada, 15, 42.

Stewart, Dr. George, his literary efforts, 81.

Suite, historian and poet, 20, 71, 73.

Tanguay, Abbé, his "Dictionnaire Généalogique des Canadiens Français,"
72.

Tassé, Joseph, his writings, 72.

"Tecumseh," poem by C. Mair, 74.

"Tendres Choses," poem by R. Chevrier, 76.

"This Canada of Ours," poem by J. D. Edgar, 76.

Thompson, David, his book on the War of 1812, 12, 67.

Thompson, Ernest, artist, 87.

Tilley, Sir Leonard S., statesman, 15.

Todd, A., his "Parliamentary Government," 18, 69.

Trinity College at Toronto, its architecture, 90.

"Trois Morts," poem by O. Crémazie, 68.

Tully, Sidney, artist, 87.

Tupper, Sir Charles, statesman, 15.

Turcotte, L., his "History of Canada," 20, 71.

Uniacke, J. Boyle, statesman, 15.

Universities and Colleges in Canada, 65.

University of Toronto, its architecture, 90.

Verner, F. A., artist, 54.

Verreau, Abbé, contributor to Royal Society, 38.

"Wacousta, or the Prophecy," romance by Major J. Richardson, 82.

Waters, Frank, poet, 75.

Watson, Homer, artist, 54.

Watson, S. J., poet, 73.

Way, Chief Justice, of Adelaide, S. A., mentioned, 80.

"Week, The," its literary work in Canada, 40.

"White Stone Canoe," poem by J. D. Edgar, 76.

Whitman, Walt, as poet, 23.

Wicksteed, G. W., poet, 74.

Wilmot, Judge, statesman, 14.

Wilson, Sir D., one of the founders and constant workers of the Royal
Society, 33, 38.

Woodcock, Percy, artist, 87.

World's Fair at Chicago, 54;
beauty of architecture, and excellence of exhibition of paintings
and statuary, 55-57;
must help to develop higher artistic achievement in America, 57;
Canadian painters at, 55, 56.

"Younger American Poets," collection by D. Sladen, 76.

Young, Sir William, statesman, 15.

* * * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Footnotes placed at end of their respective chapter

Obvious punctuation and spelling errors corrected

Pg. 6: Note 11 for "... the admirable account of Indian life and
customs by the Jesuit Lafitau," changed to 11_a_

Pg. 27: Note 44_a_ for "... written sixty years ago by Major John
Richardson," changed to 45_a_

Pg. 42: Note/Footnote 58 * for "... yet in the infantry of its literary
life." changed to Footnote F

Pg. 63: In "(8) Page 6.--The Canadian Government...." changed to "(9)
Page 6.--The Canadian Government...."