Chapter II: A Study of Driers and Their Effect (2)

TABLE X.--(_a_) SUN FLOWER OIL 100 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.1414 | 0.6292 | 0.5837 | 0.2540
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 6.3 | 9.69 | 7.85 | 8.39
| 2 | 8.2 | 9.42 | 7.73 | 6.94
| 3 | 11.5 | 7.99 | 7.45 | 6.21
| 4 | 11.6 | 7.43 | 7.02 | 6.13
| 5 | 11.5 | 7.04 | 6.36 | 5.81
| 6 | 11.5 | -- | -- | 6.01
| 7 | -- | 6.12 | 5.16 | --
| 8 | 11.3 | 6.45 | -- | 6.09
| 9 | -- | 6.12 | 4.57 | --
Percentage | 10 | 11.3 | 5.92 | -- | 4.81
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 4.20 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 11.3 | 5.69 | -- | 4.73
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 4.54 | --
| 14 | 11.3 | -- | -- | 4.81
| 15 | -- | 5.24 | 4.61 | --
| 16 | 11.2 | -- | -- | 5.01
| 17 | -- | 4.57 | -- | --
| 18 | 11.0 | -- | 4.30 | --
| 19 | -- | 4.26 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Film fairly | | |Sticky, end
|firm, end of| | |1st day;
|3d day. | | |tacky, end 2d
| | | |day; slightly
| | | |tacky, end
| | | |10th day.
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

TABLE X.--(_b_) SUN FLOWER OIL 20 PER CENT.
RAW LINSEED OIL 80 PER CENT.
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.1600 | 0.5030 | 0.4470 | 0.2261
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 9.5 | 14.21 | 12.62 | 11.54
| 2 | 11.0 | 14.21 | 12.02 | 11.85
| 3 | 11.1 | 12.66 | 11.48 | 9.92
| 4 | 11.3 | 14.01 | 11.65 | 9.13
| 5 | 11.4 | 11.59 | 10.25 | 8.95
| 6 | 10.9 | -- | -- | 9.04
| 7 | -- | 10.24 | 8.14 | --
| 8 | 10.8 | 10.63 | -- | 9.52
| 9 | -- | 10.34 | 6.26 | --
Percentage | 10 | 10.8 | 10.34 | -- | 8.55
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 5.54 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 10.8 | 10.27 | -- | 7.67
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 6.22 | --
| 14 | 10.6 | -- | -- | 8.20
| 15 | -- | 11.33 | 5.82 | --
| 16 | 10.6 | -- | -- | --
| 17 | -- | 10.73 | -- | --
| 18 | 10.9 | -- | 5.35 | --
| 19 | -- | 10.30 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Good firm, | | |Dry on 1st, 2d
|glossy film | | |and 10th days.
|shown at end| | |
|of 2d day. | | |
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

TABLE XI.--(_a_) MENHADEN OIL 100 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.1944 | 0.5282 | 0.7005 | 0.3150
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 7.7 | 12.47 | 10.79 | 11.27
| 2 | 8.1 | 12.17 | 10.98 | 10.16
| 3 | 8.9 | 11.70 | 10.85 | 9.72
| 4 | 10.1 | 11.47 | 10.90 | 9.97
| 5 | 9.8 | 11.13 | 10.57 | 9.94
| 6 | 9.8 | -- | -- | 10.27
| 7 | -- | 10.28 | 9.27 | --
| 8 | 9.8 | 11.20 | -- | 10.36
| 9 | -- | 11.15 | 8.48 | --
Percentage | 10 | 9.8 | 11.02 | -- | 8.80
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 8.27 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 9.8 | 11.37 | -- | 9.22
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 8.91 | --
| 14 | 9.6 | -- | -- | 9.40
| 15 | -- | 10.85 | 8.75 | --
| 16 | 9.6 | -- | -- | 9.31
| 17 | -- | 10.34 | -- | --
| 18 | 9.6 | -- | 9.21 | --
| 19 | -- | 9.90 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Good drying | | |Sticky, end
|during 2d | | |1st day.
|day. Fairly | | |Slightly
|firm film. | | |sticky, end 2d
| | | |and 10th days.
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

(_b_) MENHADEN OIL 20 PER CENT.
RAW LINSEED OIL 80 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.2448 | 0.4959 | 0.4201 | 0.2456
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 8.5 | 14.11 | 13.19 | 10.99
| 2 | 10.4 | 13.47 | 12.88 | 11.28
| 3 | 12.2 | 12.68 | 12.23 | 9.56
| 4 | 12.9 | 12.04 | 11.81 | 8.90
| 5 | 12.9 | 11.59 | 11.17 | 8.72
| 6 | 12.9 | -- | -- | 8.72
| 7 | -- | 10.44 | 9.50 | --
| 8 | 12.9 | 11.09 | -- | 9.34
| 9 | -- | 11.04 | 8.48 | --
Percentage | 10 | 12.9 | 10.74 | -- | 8.40
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 7.77 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 12.9 | 10.90 | -- | 7.37
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 8.33 | --
| 14 | 12.8 | -- | -- | 8.11
| 15 | -- | 10.18 | 8.24 | --
| 16 | 12.7 | -- | -- | --
| 17 | -- | 9.48 | -- | --
| 18 | 12.9 | -- | 8.12 | --
| 19 | -- | 8.93 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Good firm, | | |Nearly dry on
|elastic film| | |1st and 2d
|shown after | | |days.
|2d day. | | |
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

TABLE XII.--(_a_) RAW CHINESE WOOD OIL 100 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.2266 | 0.5545 | 0.4933 | 0.4036
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 4.1 | -- | 0.59 | 0.54
| 2 | 11.2 | -- | 2.09 | 2.80
| 3 | 14.9 | 11.02 | 5.13 | 5.10
| 4 | 14.4 | 11.53 | 7.56 | 6.00
| 5 | 14.4 | 11.03 | 8.68 | 6.27
| 6 | 14.2 | -- | -- | 7.09
| 7 | -- | 10.53 | 10.11 | --
| 8 | 14.2 | 10.74 | -- | 8.39
| 9 | -- | 10.47 | 9.65 | --
Percentage | 10 | 14.2 | 10.27 | -- | 8.01
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 9.43 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 14.2 | 10.22 | -- | 8.55
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 9.77 | --
| 14 | 14.2 | -- | -- | 9.13
| 15 | -- | 9.80 | 9.73 | --
| 16 | 14.2 | -- | -- | 9.27
| 17 | -- | 9.25 | -- | --
| 18 | 14.5 | -- | 9.33 | --
| 19 | -- | 8.86 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Film crys- | | |Sticky, end of
|tallized and| | |1st and 2d
|remained | | |days; dry but
|soft until | | |drawn, end of
|3d day. Hard| | |10th day.
|but opaque | | |
|film shown | | |
|after 4th | | |
|day. | | |
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

(_b_) RAW CHINESE WOOD OIL 20 PER CENT.
RAW LINSEED OIL 80 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.2087 | 0.2967 | 0.3683 | 0.2285
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 9.0 | 14.46 | 14.37 | 11.99
| 2 | 12.1 | 13.11 | 13.66 | 11.90
| 3 | 12.9 | 11.72 | 13.11 | 10.14
| 4 | 12.8 | 10.68 | 12.41 | 9.30
| 5 | 12.8 | 9.77 | 11.78 | 9.08
| 6 | 12.8 | -- | -- | 9.30
| 7 | -- | 8.66 | 10.51 | --
| 8 | 12.7 | 8.86 | -- | 9.70
| 9 | -- | 8.80 | 8.72 | --
Percentage | 10 | 12.6 | 8.49 | -- | 8.90
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 7.0 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 12.6 | 8.15 | -- | 7.34
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 8.82 | --
| 14 | 12.5 | -- | -- | 7.78
| 15 | -- | 8.05 | 8.39 | --
| 16 | 12.5 | -- | -- | --
| 17 | -- | 7.41 | -- | --
| 18 | 12.7 | -- | 7.98 | --
| 19 | -- | 7.04 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Clear and | | |Dry at end of
|firm film | | |1st day.
|shown after | | |
|3d day. | | |
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

TABLE XIII.--(_a_) CHINESE WOOD OIL (TREATED) 100 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.1678 | 0.4159 | 0.2934 | 0.3937
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 |[13]38.0 |[13]19.06 |[13]0.92 | 3.53
| 2 |[13]30.0 |[13]20.16 |[13]0.41 | 3.58
| 3 |[13]28.0 |[13]20.47 | 0.72 | 3.25
| 4 |[13]28.0 |[13]20.47 | 0.79 | 3.25
| 5 |[13]28.0 |[13]20.80 | 0.13 | 3.33
| 6 |[13]28.0 | -- | -- | 2.93
| 7 | -- |[13]21.09 | 0.22 | --
| 8 |[13]28.0 |[13]20.87 | -- | 2.55
| 9 | -- |[13]20.98 | 0.46 | --
Percentage | 10 | 27.5 |[13]20.78 | -- | 3.40
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 0.44 | --
in Weight, | 12 |[13]26.0 |[13]20.70 | -- | 3.23
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 0.43 | --
| 14 |[13]26.0 | -- | -- | 2.61
| 15 | -- |[13]20.97 | 0.42 | --
| 16 |[13]26.0 | -- | -- | 2.48
| 17 | -- |[13]21.22 | -- | --
| 18 |[13]26.2 | -- | 0.43 | --
| 19 | -- |[13]21.11 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Loss ob- | | |Dry at end of
|served due | | |1st day.
|to presence | | |
|of vola- | | |
|tiles. Firm,| | |
|clear film | | |
|shown at end| | |
|of 1st day. | | |
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

[13] Lost in weight throughout test.

TABLE XIII.--(_b_) CHINESE WOOD OIL (TREATED) 20 PER CENT.
RAW LINSEED OIL 80 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.1638 | 0.6572 | 0.4892 | 0.2644
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 8.4 | 9.25 | 8.93 | 3.21
| 2 | 9.4 | 8.07 | 8.71 | 3.48
| 3 | 9.8 | 7.36 | 8.44 | 2.15
| 4 | 9.7 | 6.75 | 8.16 | 1.58
| 5 | 9.9 | 6.25 | 7.95 | 1.56
| 6 | 9.9 | -- | -- | 1.77
| 7 | -- | 5.49 | 6.75 | --
| 8 | 10.0 | 5.87 | -- | 2.30
| 9 | -- | 5.70 | 5.99 | --
Percentage | 10 | 9.6 | 5.67 | -- | 1.62
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 5.50 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 9.5 | 4.37 | -- | 0.86
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 6.40 | --
| 14 | 9.5 | -- | -- | 1.50
| 15 | -- | 5.15 | 6.01 | --
| 16 | 9.5 | -- | -- | --
| 17 | -- | 4.69 | -- | --
| 18 | 9.6 | -- | 5.87 | --
| 19 | -- | 4.17 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Clear and | | |Dry at end of
|hard film | | |1st day.
|shown during| | |
|2d day. | | |
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+---------------

TABLE XIV.--(_a_) 20 PER CENT. DRY ROSIN IN 80 PER CENT. LINSEED OIL
100 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.2030 | -- | 0.5185 | 0.2554
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 12.0 | -- | 3.76 | 1.80
| 2 | 14.1 | -- | 8.76 | 11.78
| 3 | 14.8 | -- | 9.20 | 12.17
| 4 | 14.2 | -- | 9.20 | 12.29
| 5 | 14.5 | -- | 8.49 | 12.02
| 6 | 14.0 | -- | -- | 12.49
| 7 | -- | -- | 9.07 | --
| 8 | 14.1 | -- | -- | 13.15
| 9 | -- | -- | 9.01 | --
Percentage | 10 | 14.1 | -- | -- | 11.85
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 9.09 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 14.0 | -- | -- | 11.78
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 10.50 | --
| 14 | 14.0 | -- | -- | 12.69
| 15 | -- | -- | 10.16 | --
| 16 | 14.0 | -- | -- | 12.83
| 17 | -- | -- | -- | --
| 18 | 14.1 | -- | 10.18 | --
| 19 | -- | -- | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Rapid drying| | |Oily, end 1st
|observed. | | |and 2d days;
|Hard film | | |slightly
|shown during| | |tacky, end
|2d day. | | |10th day.
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+---------------

(_b_) 20 PER CENT. DRY ROSIN IN 80 PER CENT. LINSEED OIL 20 PER CENT.
RAW LINSEED OIL 80 PER CENT.

----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Observer. | Gardner | Sabin | Pickard | { Rogers }
| | | | { North }
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.1500 | 0.7105 | 0.4568 | --
Test, grams | | | |
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
| 1 | 10.9 | 14.19 | 12.86 | --
| 2 | 13.5 | 13.17 | 12.73 | --
| 3 | 13.6 | 11.84 | 12.13 | --
| 4 | 13.0 | 11.46 | 12.02 | --
| 5 | 13.0 | 10.87 | 11.30 | --
| 6 | 13.0 | -- | -- | --
| 7 | -- | 9.80 | 10.95 | --
| 8 | 13.1 | 10.33 | -- | --
| 9 | -- | 10.40 | 11.21 | --
Percentage | 10 | 13.1 | 10.04 | -- | --
Increase | 11 | -- | -- | 10.53 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 13.0 | 10.35 | -- | --
in Days. | 13 | -- | -- | 11.21 | --
| 14 | 12.9 | -- | -- | --
| 15 | -- | 9.64 | 10.88 | --
| 16 | 13.0 | -- | -- | --
| 17 | -- | 8.98 | -- | --
| 18 | 13.2 | -- | 11.43 | --
| 19 | -- | 8.62 | -- | --
-----------+----+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------
Remarks. |Clear, hard | | |
|film after | | |
|2d day. | | |
----------------+------------+-----------+-----------+--------------

TABLE XV.--(_a_) RAW LINSEED OIL 100 PER CENT.[14]

----------------+-----------+-----------
Observer. | Sabin | Pickard
| |
----------------+-----------+-----------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.5274 | 0.5326
Test, grams | |
-----------+----+-----------+-----------
| 1 | 0.26 | 12.42
| 2 | 0.51 | 12.39
| 3 | 0.11 | 11.88
| 4 | 2.35 | 11.83
| 5 | 9.14 | 11.08
| 6 | -- | --
| 7 | 14.48 | 10.29
| 8 | 14.48 | --
| 9 | 14.18 | 9.56
Percentage | 10 | 13.86 | --
Increase | 11 | -- | 9.85
in Weight, | 12 | 13.00 | --
in Days. | 13 | -- | 10.30
| 14 | -- | --
| 15 | 12.23 | 10.12
| 16 | -- | --
| 17 | 11.66 | --
| 18 | -- | 10.78
| 19 | 11.07 | --
-----------+----+-----------+-----------
Remarks. | |
----------------+-----------+-----------

[14] The test of this oil was made without the addition of 5 per cent.
of drier, the quantity used in all the other tests.

(_b_) DRIER 100 PER CENT.

----------------+--------------
Observer. | { Rogers }
| { North }
----------------+--------------
Wt. of Oil for | 0.3445
Test, grams |
-----------+----+--------------
| 1 | 48.95
| 2 | 48.53
| 3 | 48.68
| 4 | 48.68
| 5 | 48.48
| 6 | 48.26
| 7 | --
| 8 | 48.43
| 9 | --
Percentage | 10 | 48.89
Increase | 11 | --
in Weight, | 12 | 48.22
in Days. | 13 | --
| 14 | 48.22
| 15 | --
| 16 | --
| 17 | --
| 18 | --
| 19 | --
-----------+----+--------------
Remarks. | Dry at end of
| 1st day.
----------------+--------------