Chapter XXV: Appendix

_The relation of the Panama Canal to ocean transportation routes is best exhibited in the painstaking tables prepared by the Hydrographic Office of the United States Navy. These show, in terms of nautical miles, the comparative distances, which are as follows_:

WEST COASTS OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |San Francisco | | |Monterey | | | |Santa Barbara | | | | |San Diego | | | | | |San Blas | | | | | | |Guaymas | | | | | | | |Acapulco | | | | | | | | |Salina Cruz | | | | | | | | | |San José | | | | | | | | | | |Corinto | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----------------------+ | 0| 90| 295| 451|1430|1510|1836|2189|2446|2671| San Francisco | | | 0| 220| 376|1355|1435|1805|2124|2371|2596| Monterey | | | | 0| 164|1166|1246|1616|1935|2182|2407| Santa Barbara | | | | | 0| 843| 923|1493|1812|2059|2284| San Diego | | | | | | 0| 500| 520| 780|1074|1310| San Blas | | | | | | | 0| 954|1251|1508|1774| Guaymas | | | | | | | | 0| 300| 563| 799| Acapulco | | | | | | | | | 0| 291| 529| Salina Cruz | | | | | | | | | | 0| 238| San José | | | | | | | | | | | 0| Corinto | +====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+=======================+ |Puntarenas (Costa Rica) | | |Panama | | | |Esmeraldas | | | | |Guayaquil | | | | | |Paita | | | | | | |Pacasmayo | | | | | | | |Callao | | | | | | | | |Pisco | | | | | | | | | |Islay (Mollendo) | | | | | | | | | | |Arica | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----------------------+ |2916|3277|3395|3608|3552|3709|4012|4115|4451|4579| San Francisco | |2841|3227|3320|3528|3477|3634|3937|4040|4376|4504| Monterey | |2652|3038|3131|3339|3288|3445|3748|3851|4187|4315| Santa Barbara | |2529|2965|3008|3216|3165|3322|3635|3728|4064|4196| San Diego | |1534|1948|2033|2254|2210|2374|2680|2784|3126|3254| San Blas | |1968|2382|2467|2668|2644|2808|3114|3218|3560|3688| Guaymas | |1023|1437|1532|1762|1720|1889|2189|2303|2647|2775| Acapulco | | 765|1160|1302|1538|1535|1615|1989|2109|2317|2493| Salina Cruz | | 474| 888|1026|1298|1281|1453|1759|1871|2193|2354| San José | | 284| 698| 830|1130|1126|1302|1608|1720|2042|2203| Corinto | | 0| 490| 640| 947| 948|1125|1431|1543|1866|2026| Puntarenas | | | 0| 475| 842| 849|1031|1337|1449|1771|1932| Panama | | | | 0| 409| 416| 600| 906|1018|1340|1501| Esmeraldas | | | | | 0| 226| 415| 721| 833|1155|1316| Guayaquil | | | | | | 0| 200| 506| 618| 940|1101| Paita | | | | | | | 0| 316| 430| 754| 913| Pacasmayo | | | | | | | | 0| 127| 452| 622| Callao | | | | | | | | | 0| 335| 511| Pisco | | | | | | | | | | 0| 139| Islay (Mollendo) | | | | | | | | | | | 0| Arica | +====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+=======================+ |Iquique | | |Antofagasta | | | |Copiapo | | | | |Coquimbo | | | | | |Valparaiso | | | | | | |Talcahuano (Concepcion B.) | | | | | | | |Lota (Concepcion B.) | | | | | | | | |Valdivia | | | | | | | | | |Punta Arenas | | | | | | | | | | (Sandy Pt., Chile) | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----------------------------+ |4645|4770|4885|5036|5140|5272|5287|5410|6199| San Francisco | |4570|4695|4802|4964|5065|5197|5212|5335|6124| Monterey | |4381|4506|4620|4745|4870|5002|5017|5142|5945| Santa Barbara | |4258|4368|4501|4626|4747|4879|4894|5019|5822| San Diego | |3321|3444|3582|3713|3724|3993|4008|4139|4976| San Blas | |3755|3878|4016|4147|4285|4427|4442|4573|5410| Guaymas | |2842|2973|3113|3253|3398|3554|3569|3708|4580| Acapulco | |2688|2794|2966|3086|3254|3412|3424|3566|4510| Salina Cruz | |2421|2550|2704|2864|3224|3203|3218|3378|4295| San José | |2270|2399|2553|2713|2879|3069|3084|3255|4186| Corinto | |2093|2222|2376|2538|2702|2894|2909|3071|4019| Puntarenas | |1999|2128|2282|2444|2608|2801|2816|2979|3932| Panama | |1568|1697|1851|2013|2177|2370|2385|2548|3501| Esmeraldas | |1383|1512|1666|1828|1992|2185|2200|2363|3316| Guayaquil | |1168|1297|1451|1613|1777|1970|1985|2148|3101| Paita | | 990|1109|1267|1442|1608|1808|1823|1987|2949| Pacasmayo | | 689| 807| 965|1139|1309|1514|1529|1697|2666| Callao | | 578| 703| 861|1033|1204|1413|1428|1597|2550| Pisco | | 222| 428| 604| 790| 967|1196|1211|1384|2370| Islay (Mollendo) | | 110| 323| 538| 697| 881|1102|1129|1301|2294| Arica | | 0| 222| 437| 600| 784|1005|1032|1204|2185| Iquique | | | 0| 229| 392| 576| 797| 824| 996|1981| Antofagasta | | | | 0| 179| 361| 582| 609| 781|1705| Copiapo | | | | | 0| 198| 426| 450| 623|1613| Coquimbo | | | | | | 0| 240| 266| 437|1425| Valparaiso | | | | | | | 0| 39| 222|1210| Talcahuano} Concepcion | | | | | | | | 0| 207|1194| Lota } Bay | | | | | | | | | 0 |1011| Valdivia | | | | | | | | | | 0| Punta Arenas | | | | | | | | | | | (Sandy Pt., Chile) | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----------------------------+

EAST COASTS OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |New York | | |Portland | | | |Boston | | | | |Quebec | | | | | |Halifax | | | | | | |Charlottetown, P. E. I. | | | | | | | |Philadelphia | | | | | | | | |Baltimore | | | | | | | | | |Newport News | | | | | | | | | | |Charleston | | | | | | | | | | | |Savannah | | | | | | | | | | | | |Bermuda | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------------+ | 0| 362| 300|1404| 581| 828| 229| 404| 281| 629| 699| 676| New York | | | 0| 111|1161| 343| 575| 529| 693| 567| 901| 971| 739| Portland | | | | 0|1205| 383| 627| 477| 641| 515| 849| 919| 696| Boston | | | | | 0| 861| 570|1558|1739|1613|1904|1978|1505| Quebec | | | | | | 0| 273| 735| 836| 710|1077|1147| 758| Halifax | | | | | | | 0| 982|1137|1011|1323|1393| 852| Charlottet’n| | | | | | | | 0| 355| 229| 594| 664| 729| Philadelphia| | | | | | | | | 0| 156| 550| 620| 759| Baltimore | | | | | | | | | | 0| 424| 494| 633| Newport News| | | | | | | | | | | 0| 88| 816| Charleston | | | | | | | | | | | | 0| 830| Savannah | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0| Bermuda | +====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+=============+ |Key West | | |Habana | | | |Saint Thomas | | | | |Port Castries | | | | | |Demerara | | | | | | |Pernambuco | | | | | | | |Bahia | | | | | | | | |Rio de Janeiro | | | | | | | | | |Montevideo | | | | | | | | | | |Buenos Ayres | | | | | | | | | | | |Punta Arenas | | | | | | | | | | | | (Sandy Point) | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------+ |1171|1215|1428|1746|2209|3696|4096|4778|5768|5868|6890| New York | |1400|1444|1562|1853|2289|3701|4101|4783|5773|5873|6895| Portland | |1348|1392|1516|1808|2253|3666|4066|4748|5738|5838|6860| Boston | |2377|2421|2340|2574|2935|4171|4571|5253|6243|6343|7365| Quebec | |1568|1612|1613|1873|2279|3575|3975|4657|5647|5747|6769| Halifax | |1807|1851|1790|2028|2437|3662|4062|4744|5734|5834|6856| Charlottetown | |1093|1137|1437|1762|2225|3746|4146|4828|5818|5918|6940| Philadelphia | |1049|1093|1414|1743|2204|3758|4158|4840|5830|5930|6952| Baltimore | | 923| 967|1287|1617|2086|3622|4003|4780|5750|5853|6826| Newport News | | 598| 642|1194|1554|1984|3631|4031|4713|5703|5803|6825| Charleston | | 569| 613|1212|1566|2202|3660|4060|4742|5732|5832|6854| Savannah | |1090|1141| 853|1134|1724|3037|3437|4119|5109|5209|6231| Bermuda | | 0| 90|1040|1360|1797|3814|4214|4896|5886|5986|7008| Key West | | | 0|1019|1360|1869|3509|3909|4591|5581|6681|6703| Habana | | | | 0| 346| 802|2469|2869|3551|4541|4641|5663| Saint Thomas | | | | | 0| 461|2155|2555|3237|4227|4327|5349| Port Castries | | | | | | 0|1788|2188|2870|3860|3960|4986| Demerara | | | | | | | 0| 400|1100|2065|2183|3340| Pernambuco | | | | | | | | 0| 745|1717|1835|2992| Bahia | | | | | | | | | 0|1056|1162|2228| Rio de Janeiro | | | | | | | | | | 0| 104|1312| Montevideo | | | | | | | | | | | 0|1386| Buenos Ayres | | | | | | | | | | | | 0| Punta Arenas | | | | | | | | | | | | | (Sandy Point) | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------+

DISTANT PORTS

+------------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | | By Cape of Good Hope | | |-------+-------+-------+-------+----------------+ | |Full powered steam vessels | | | |Auxiliary steam N. E. monsoon | | Ports | | |Auxiliary steam S. W. monsoon | | | | | |Sail alone N. E. monsoon| | | | | | |Sail alone | | | | | | | S. W. monsoon | +------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----------------+ | New York to Bombay | 11250 | 12670 | 11820 | 13310 | 12460 | | “ “ “ Colombo | 10950 | 11730 | 11730 | 12370 | 12260 | | “ “ “ Calcutta | 12180 | 13710 | 13140 | 14390 | 13780 | | “ “ “ Singapore | 12150 | 12850 | 13120 | 13490 | 13760 | | “ “ “ Hongkong | 13590 | 14750 | 14560 | 15430 | 15200 | | “ “ “ Shanghai | 14340 | 15560 | 15370 | 16510 | 16010 | | “ “ “ Yokohama | 15020 | 16450 | 16120 | 16900 | 16760 | | “ “ “ Melbourne | 12670 | 12840 | 12840 | 13480 | 13480 | | “ “ “ Sydney | 13140 | 13310 | 13310 | 13950 | 13950 | | “ “ “ Wellington | 13710 | 14240 | 14240 | 14880 | 14880 | +========================+=======+=======+=======+=======+====+===========+ | | | By | | | By Suez Canal | Panama | | +-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+ | | Auxiliary | Auxiliary |Full powered| Full | | Ports |steam N. E.|steam S. W.| steam | powered | | | monsoon | monsoon | vessels | steam | +------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+ | New York to Bombay | 8370 | 8120 | 8120 | 15130 | | “ “ “ Colombo | 8610 | 8610 | 8610 | 14230 | | “ “ “ Calcutta | 10460 | 9830 | 9830 | 14300 | | “ “ “ Singapore | 10170 | 10170 | 10170 | 12670 | | “ “ “ Hongkong | 12110 | 11610 | 11610 | 11260 | | “ “ “ Shanghai | 12920 | 12410 | 12360 | 10720 | | “ “ “ Yokohama | 13820 | 13160 | 13040 | 9670 | | “ “ “ Melbourne | 15030 | 15010 | 12790 | 10020 | | “ “ “ Sydney | 14480 | 14460 | 13320 | 9710 | | “ “ “ Wellington | 15680 | 15660 | 14230 | 8530 | +========================+===========+===========+============+===========+ | | By Magellan | By Cape | By | | | Strait | Horn | Panama | | +------------+----------+------------+-----------+ | |Full powered|Auxiliary | Sailing | Full | | | steam | steam | vessels | powered | | Ports | vessels | vessels | | steam | | | | | | vessels | |------------------------+------------+----------+------------+-----------+ |Melbourne to New York| 12880 | 13120 | 13760 | 10020 | |Sydney “ “ “ | 12700 | 13050 | 13750 | 9710 | |Wellington “ “ “ | 11500 | 11850 | 12550 | 8530 | |Valparaiso “ “ “ | 8460 | 8680 | 9400 | 4640 | |S. Francisco “ “ “ | 13090 | 14670 | 15420 | 5300 | |Esquimalt “ “ “ | 13840 | 15330 | 16060 | 6080 | |Honolulu “ “ “ | 13200 | 14170 | 14970 | 6690 | |New York to Valparaiso | 8315 | 9130 | 9420 | 4640 | | “ “ “ S. Francisco| 13090 | 15350 | 15660 | 5300 | | “ “ “ Esquimalt | 13920 | 15980 | 16290 | 6080 | | “ “ “ Honolulu | 13200 | 14650 | 15480 | 6690 | +========================+============+==========+============+===========+

INDEX

Aconcagua, Mt., 201

Aconcagua River valley, 201

Acorta, Señor, first vice-president of Peru, 1903, 169

Acre rubber territory, 136, 327, 328, 333, 336, 344, 346

Adams, John Quincy, his advice to Colombia, 351;
and the Monroe Doctrine, 354

Advertising, Chilean, 202, 204

Agassiz, 2

Agriculture, factor in growth of population, 8;
“cultivation in the clouds,” 67, 68;
development in Peru, 124-130, 134-136, 146, 147, 154, 158-161;
in Chile, 262-266;
in Bolivia, 307, 327-330, 341, 342

_Aguacate_, or alligator pear, 28, 29

_Aguardiente_, or cane rum, 27, 128

Akers, Charles E., 364

Alameda de las Delicias, Santiago, 204, 205

Alausi, Ecuador, 65

Alcohol, thirst of Indians for, 27, 121, 308;
by-product of sugar, 128;
injurious to Indians, 156;
source of revenue, 176, 346;
a possible excuse for its use, 295

Alfaro, ----, former president of Ecuador, 71

Alligator pear, 28, 29, 86

_Almirante Barroso_, Brazilian warship, 189

_Almuerzo_, mid-day breakfast, 27

Alpaca wools, 116

Altiplanicie, or Great Central Plateau, 279, 297

Alzamora, Dr. Isaac, former vice-president of Peru, 96

Amachuma, Bolivia, 293

Amazonian, commerce affected by Canal, 6, 78;
outlet to coast, 120, 137-139, 141, 142, 145, 147, 179, 335;
railroad extension into Amazon country, 140;
Pichis road opened, 143

Ambato, on Guayaquil and Quito Railroad, 69

Americans, in Canal Zone, 53-56;
as railway builders in Ecuador, 65, 66;
builders of jetty at Pacasmayo, 79;
in Peruvian railway projects, 80, 106, 147, 159;
in silver mines, 107, 131, 132;
at Arequipa, 117;
composing Inca Company, 119;
irrigating Piura district, 125;
relations with local authorities, 175;
in Iquique, 185;
project a bank in Valparaiso, 270;
resident at La Paz, 312;
syndicates interested in Corocoro mines, 322;
miners at Tipuani placers, 323;
projected American school, 345;
not unwelcome in Bolivia, 345;
advantages from Americans’ investments, 347

Amotope district, Peru, oil-producing, 131

Ancachs, Department of, mineral wealth, 130, 133

Ancon, Mt., 45

Ancon, Port of, 46, 82, 83, 125

Andes, 4, 6, 79, 81, 100, 118, 123, 130, 262, 269, 280, 321
_Otherwise called_ Cordilleras

Angaraes district, Peru, gold-producing, 132

Angostura de Paine, narrowest part of central valley, 263, 283

Annexes to hotels, 31

Anona, _same as_ Cheremoya

Antarctic current, _see_ Humboldt current

Antofagasta, distance from Panama, 12;
commerce, 15;
bad harbor, 86;
sketch of, 187;
copper output, 228;
silver in district, 230;
town seen from hills, 293

Apilla-pampa coal district, 326

Apurimac River valley, southern Peru, 128

Arana, surveys and explorations of, 142

Araucanian Indian stock, 251, 252

Arequipa, capital of southern Peru, 109, 110, 114-117;
district is gold-producing, 132;
sulphur-producing, 133

_Arequipa_, lost in Valparaiso harbor, 191

Argentine, 5, 6, 8, 9

Arica, distance from Panama, 12;
minerals exported from, 16;
vicuña rug industry, 122;
sketch of, 180-182;
export port for Chilcaya borax, 326

Army life, effect on native conscripts, 156;
the Chilean roto in the army, 254

Aspinwall, William H., statue to, 39

Asta-Barragua, Mr. George, 241

Athletic sports popular in Santiago, 213

Aullogas silver deposit, 318

Avenida, or Avenue Brazil, Valparaiso, 190

_Avocat_, or alligator pear, 28

Aymará Indians and dialect, 154, 252, 302, 304, 307, 311, 338-340

Aymaraes district, Peru, gold-producing, 132

Ayoayo, Bolivia, 305

Bacon, Francis, on sea voyages, 59

Baggage, care of, 31

Bailey, Professor, director of Harvard astronomical observatory,
117

Balboa crossed Isthmus, 41

Balmaceda, José Manuel, former Chilean president, 236, 237, 243,
246

_Balsas_, or house rafts, 61, 121

Banks and banking, 34, 72, 99, 177, 178, 256, 270, 274-276, 368

Barandiaran, surveys and explorations of, 142

Beauclerc, Mr., English minister to Bolivia, 346

Beer, 26

Beet-root industry, 265

Beggar and political chiefs, incident concerning, 165

Bello, Andre, author of Chilean Civil Code, 206

Beni, territory at head-waters of, 327, 335, 344, 348

Bertrand, Mr. Alejandro, civil engineer, 215

Birds, on the coast, 79;
in a treeless country, 288, 292

Birth and death rates, in Lima, 100;
in Peru, 152, 157;
in Chile, 252, 256-258;
in Bolivia, 310

Bismuth production of Bolivia, 325

Black Mountain Peak, on Central Railway, 103

Blaine, Secretary, concerned in Galapagos Islands negotiations, 71

Boer colonies in South America, 273

Bogota, pure Spanish spoken, 24

Bolivia, relation to Canal, 2, 3;
population, 4;
commerce, 15, 16, 86, 88;
customs, 27;
market for Peruvian goods, 126, 128;
railroad building, 141, 187;
natives, 156;
shipping points, 187, 188;
description, 278-350

_Boliviano_, United States and English equivalents, 316, 317, 323,
347, 349

Boll weevil, Peruvian cotton free from, 126

Borax deposits, 132, 325

Brandy, Pisco, 85

Brazil, (tropical) coffee trade, 8;
(temperate) cattle and wheat industries, 8;
boundary disputes, 136, 146;
coffee product, 161, 328;
controversy over Acre rubber territory, 327, 333

Bronze in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320

Bryce, Professor James, 164

Buenaventura, 59

Bull-fight, at Lima, 95;
abolished in Chile, 213

Bulnes, General Manuel, former Chilean president, 233

Business-letter, the terse English, 23

_Caballitos_, or grass canoes, 79

_Cabildo_ of Quito, resolution adopted by, 66

Cacao, or chocolate, Ecuador’s production of, 63

Caceres, President, his plans concerning central highway, 143, 170

Cachipuscana, Lake, 118

Cailloma district, Peru, silver-producing, 132

_Caja de Ahorros_, or Savings Bank, Santiago, 256

Cajamarca, 80, 132

Calamarca, 306

Calancha, Friar, concerning the South Sea and the Southern Cross,
57

Calca district, Peru, iron production, 133

Calchas, Bolivia, copper deposits, 322

Caldera, 5, 188

Calderon, Mr. and Mrs. Ignacio, of La Paz, 312

Calderon, Señor Manuel Alvarez, Peruvian minister to Washington,
1903, 169

Calderon, Señor Serapio, second vice-president of Peru, 169

Caledonian cross-cut channel projected, 42

Caleta Buena, 222

_Caliche_, nitrate layer, 220

Callao, 6, 12-14, 83, 84

Camache, suburb of Iquique, 185

Camana district, Peru, copper-producing, 132;
sulphur beds, 133

Campaign humor, instance of, 240, 241

Campana, J. J., of Iquique, 219

Canal Commission, 52

Canal Zone, 18, 19, 37-56, 364;
_see_ Panama, Isthmus of

Candamo, Señor Miguel, late president of Peru, 166-172

Cane rum, or _aguardiente_, 27, 128

Cangallo district, Peru, sulphur beds, 133

Canning, George, the statesman, 352, 355

Canta district, Peru, coal deposits, 133

Cape Pillar, 197

Capelo, Joaquin, Peruvian engineer of central highway, 143

Capopo district, copper mines in, 228

Carabaya, Province of, gold mines developed by Americans, 119, 120,
132

Caracas, Bay of, 60

Caracoles silver mines, 230

Caracollo, Bolivia, 302

Casapalca smelting-works on Central Railway of Peru, 103

Castilla, Joaquin, Peruvian patriot, 94

Castrovirreyna district, Peru, silver-producing, 132

Cauca, valley of, 13, 59

_Caucho_, second quality crude rubber, 134

Caylloma district, Peru, coal deposits, 133

Centenarians in San Juan valley, 281

Central Cordillera, 129, 137

Central highway, route from the Amazon to the Pacific, 142-146

Central Plateau, or Altiplanicie, of Bolivia, 279, 297

Central Railway, 100-105, 107, 149;
_same as_ Oroya Railway

Central valley of Chile, 262-264

Cerro de Azul, 84, 125

Cerro de Pasco, district and mines, 105-107, 131-133, 140, 177;
railway, 106, 107, 140, 146, 159

Chacabuco, Hill of, head of central valley, Chile, 262

Chachani, mountain seen from Arequipa, 109, 112

_Chaco_, or tropical prairie and forest region, 341

Chagres River, used as a means of crossing Isthmus, 41;
advocated by Champlain, 42, 43;
one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43;
engineering problems presented by, 44

Chala, Peru, 85

Challapata, near Lake Poöpo, 298

Chamber of Commerce, Lima, 99, 176

Champlain, concerning Panama and possibility of canal, 43

Chañaral, location of copper-smelting works, 188

Chancay district, Peru, sulphur beds, 133

Chanchamayo valley, cane-producing area, 128;
land-grants to Peruvian Corporation, 140;
development of, 146, 160

_Charqui_, jerked beef, 33

Chauncey, Henry, statue to, 39

Chayanta, tin mines in district, 314;
copper deposits, 322;
gold claims, 324

Checcacupe, Peru, 119

_Cheremoya_, South American fruit, 28, 29

_Chicha_, native drink, 26

Chicla, on Central Railway, 101

Chilcaya borax field, Bolivia, 325

Chile, relation to Canal, 2, 16;
foreign trade, 9, 16;
saltpetre beds, 16, 217;
policy toward Galapagos Islands, 71;
description of, 180-277;
treaty with Bolivia, 346

Chilete (Ancachs) district, Peru, lead deposits, 133

Chili, valley of the river, 109, 117

Chiloe Archipelago, 196, 273

Chimborazo, 60

Chimbote, 81

Chimneys, lack of, in Santiago, 209

Chimoré coal district, 326

Chinchas, or guano islands, 85

Chinese, merchants of Callao, 84;
population of Lima, 96, 97;
land-owners, 158

Chira valley, projected irrigation, 124

Chivalry of Chilean men, 212

Chocaltaga, tin deposit of, 315

Chocaya, tin district, Bolivia, 315

Chocolate (cacao), 63

_Cholos_, 105, 136, 154, 155, 157, 285, 295, 308, 311, 338, 340

Chonta district, Peru, mercury-cinnabar production, 133

Chorolque, tin mines in district, 315;
silver mines, 318, 320;
bismuth deposit, 325

Chosica, on Central Railway, Peru, 103

Christ of the Andes, 269

Chuncho Indians, 154

_Chuni_, potato eaten by natives, 33

_Chupé_, native dish, 28, 292

Chuquicamata, copper mines in the District of, 228

Chuquisaca gold region of Bolivia, 324

Chuquiyupu River, meaning of name, 324

Churches, of Guayaquil, 61;
of Paita, 76;
of Lima, 91, 97, 98;
of Arequipa, 115;
of Santiago, 206

Cinchona tree, 329

Clay, Henry, 3, 371

Climate, along West Coast, 59;
of Guayaquil, 62;
of Lima, 100;
of Arequipa, 109;
of Santiago, 209, 213;
of Chile, 273;
of Oruro, 300;
of Bolivia, 341-343

Clubs, of Callao, 84;
of Lima, 96;
of Iquique, 185;
of Santiago, 211

Coal, in Peru, 107, 131, 133;
in Chile, 194, 229;
consumption of, in nitrate industry, 222;
Bolivian deposits, 326

Coca, plant from which cocaine is made, 156, 328, 329

Cochabamba, Bolivia, 335

Cochrane, Lord, statue to, 190

Codecido, Mr. Emilio Bello, of Santiago, 211

Coffee, from tropical Brazil, 8;
Peruvian settlers compete with Brazil in coffee culture, 161;
Bolivian trade in, 328

Cololo, mountain peaks in Peru, 305

Colombia, relation to Canal, 2, 3, 13;
Colombian control of Isthmus, 46;
J. Q. Adams’s advice, 351

Colon, distance from New York, New Orleans, Panama, and Liverpool,
11, 12;
sketch of, 37-40;
Canal workers leaving, 54;
distance from foreign ports, 63

Colonias, Territory of, Bolivia, 328, 344

Colonization, in Peru, 138, 160;
in Chile, 272;
in Bolivia, 340

Colquechaca silver deposits, 318

Colquiri, tin-mining district, 314

Columbus, statue to, at mouth of Canal, 38;
made search for passage through Isthmus, 41

Commercial traveller’s need of Spanish, 23

_Compania Nacional de Recaudacion_, Peru, 176

Concepcion, third largest city in Chile, 196;
coal mines in district, 229

_Condor_, 72

Consequencia silver mines, Chile, 230

Continental Divide, _see_ Cordilleras

Coolies as plantation laborers, 158

Copacabana, peninsula of, 326

Copiapo district, silver mines, 229;
seat of revolution, 233

Copiapo Railway, 188

Copper, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 131, 132;
in Chile, 194, 195, 228;
in Bolivia, 320-323

Coquimbo, 189, 228, 229

Cordilleras, 4, 42, 45, 51, 67, 74, 123, 129, 130, 143, 149, 161,
162, 188, 201, 269, 279, 297, 305, 314, 326, 342
_See also_ Andes

Cordoba, 5

Corocoro copper mines, 183, 322, 323

Coronel, coaling-station, 194, 195, 229

Coropuna mountain, 109, 112

Corpus Christi festival in Santiago, 208

Cosmopolitan La Paz, 311, 312

Cotagaita, tin district, Bolivia, 315

Cotaigata Mountain, 286

Cotopaxi, 60

Cotton, in Peru, 69, 124-127, 147;
in Bolivia, 329

Council of State, Peru, 173;
in Chile, 240

Cousiño family, controllers of Lota and Coronel, 195

Cousiño Park, Lota, 195

Cousiño Park, Santiago, 213

Crucero Alto, summit of divide, 118

Cuba, compared to Canal Zone, 51;
U. S. relations toward, 361, 362

Cuenca, Ecuador, 67

Culebra Cut, 45, 52

Curarey River, 69

Currency, paper, in Peru, 178;
metal and paper, in Bolivia, 349

Cuzco, Inca capital of Peru, 119, 129

Darien, or Caledonian, cross-cut channel projected, 42

_Darsena_ at Callao, 83

Deafness of infants in mountain regions, 310

Death rate, _see_ Birth and death rates

Debt of Chile, 274

De Costa, Señora Angela, originator of idea of statue “Christ of
the Andes,” 269

De Faramond, Lieutenant Commander, French naval officer, 181

De Lesseps, residence of, 38

Departments of Bolivia, 344

Deposits and depositors in Santiago Savings Bank, 256

Desaguadero River, 299

Desolation Islands, 197

_Deutsche La Plata Zeitung_, 358

Diary-making on Pacific steamer, 59

Diseases, to be controlled by sanitation, 19;
incident to West Coast, 35;
to life in Canal Zone, 51, 52, 54, 55;
yellow fever at Guayaquil, 61;
fever at Arica, 181

Dos de Mayo, Peru, mercury and coal district, 133

Drake, Sir Francis, visit to Arica in 1579, 182

Dress for travellers, 25

Drinks, native, 26, 27

Dudley, Minister, of Lima, 97, 100, 126

Duran, 65

Earthquakes which have shaken Lima, 93;
Arequipa, 116;
Arica, 182

Ecuador, relation to Canal, 2;
trade with U. S., 9;
foreign trade, 13, 14, 63;
railway exploitation, 65, 66, 68;
topography, 67;
products, 68, 69;
minerals, 69;
population, 70;
financial standing and money, 71, 72;
banks and national debt, 72

Editor, the ideal, 215, 216

Edwards, Mr. Augustin, owner of _El Mercurio_, 214

Elections, in Chile, 240;
in Bolivia, 344

_El Mercurio_, of Santiago and Valparaiso, 214, 215, 363

El Misti, extinct volcano, 109, 117

Elmore, Judge Alberto, president of Council of State, Peru, 1903,
169

El Oro, the gold country of Ecuador, 69

Elsa mine, 324

English ports distant from West Coast, 12, 13, 63;
commerce, 15, 16, 64, 84, 136, 196, 271, 347;
interests in oil fields, 131;
in railroads, 139, 140, 161;
at Iquique, 185;
in nitrate fields, 186, 227, 269;
at Valparaiso, 190;
advertising, 202;
in Santiago, 213;
wheat trade with Chile, 263;
diplomatic relations with Bolivia, 346;
concern with Monroe Doctrine, 352 _et seq._

English spoken in South America, 22, 23

Enock, C. Reginald, English engineer, 130

Errazuriz, Frederico, former Chilean president, 235

Escariano, 287, 291

Esmeraldas, 63

Eten, Port of, 79

Eugenie, Empress, statue presented by, 38

Evangelist Islands, 196, 197

Exchange, rates of, 34

Farmer, comprehensive term in Chile, 212, 213

Fashions in Bolivian towns, 285, 295

Ferrenafe, Peru, 79

Ferrol, Bay of, 81

Fever flower of Algiers, 181

Fleas of Quilca, 114

_Fleteros_, or boatmen, 75

_Fomento de Fabrica_, or Manufacturers Association, of Chile, 272

_Foreign Commerce of the U. S., Annual Review 1904_, table compiled
from, 9

Foreigners, may hold municipal offices in Peru, 175;
from colonies around Valdivia, Osorno, and Lake Llanquihue, 272;
in Uyuni, 296;
scarcity in Bolivia, 337;
rights under the government, 345

Forest lands of southern Chile, 264

Fortunes of Chileans, 239

_Four Years among the South Americans_, 66

France in trade with Ecuador, 64;
with Peru, 127

_Fredonia_, U. S. frigate, destroyed by tidal wave, 182

Freight rates, 16-18;
through freight along West Coast, 58;
on Peruvian sugar, 128;
affected by Canal, 188

French community at Valparaiso, 190

Froward, Cape, 198

Fruits, 28, 29

Fuel saved by Canal route, 13

Galapagos Islands, 70, 71, 357

Galera tunnel, Central Railway, 101

Garland, Mr. Alejandro, of Lima, 97

Gatun, first view of Canal obtained from railroad at, 44

Geographical Society of Lima, 152

German colony, 157;
immigrants desired, 159;
Germans in Valparaiso, 190;
in Bolivian rubber region, 327;
concern in Monroe Doctrine, 358 _et seq._

Germany, in trade with Ecuador, 64;
with Peru, 84;
sends minister to Bolivia, 346;
trade with Bolivia, 347

Gold, in Ecuador, 69;
in Peru, 120, 131, 132;
in Chile, 229;
in Bolivia, 282, 323-325

Gold River of St. John, 324

Gold standard, of Panama, 19;
of Peru, 177;
of Chile, 274;
of Bolivia, 349

Gottschalk, United States Consul, 130

Granadilla fruit, 85

Grape brandy, 85

Grape culture in Chile, 265

Grass cross over dwellings, 307

Guachalla, Señor Fernando, 34

Guadalupe Mountain, 280, 286, 291;
district, 318

Gualca, Indian who discovered silver at Potosi, 318

Guamote, Ecuador, 65

Guanaco skins, 182

Guano exported from Peru, 15, 79;
Guano islands, or Chinchas, 85

Guaqui, on Lake Titicaca, scene of Indian uprising, 339

Guayacan copper mines, 228

Guayaquil, distance from U. S. forts, 11, 14;
from Panama, 12;
sketch of, 61;
relation to Canal and commerce, 62, 63;
banks, 72

Guayaquil Chamber of Commerce, 64

Guayaquil, Gulf of, 60

Guayas River, 60

Guevara, Bachiler, forbidden to practise law in Quito, 67

Gulf ports, trade with West Coast ports, 11

Gum, _see_ Rubber

Haciendas, in Peru, 85, 155;
in central valley, Chile, 263

Hamburg, distance from West Coast ports via Panama, 13;
from Guayaquil, 63

Harvard Astronomical Observatory, on Mt. El Misti, 117

Hassaurek, Frederick, his impressions of Quito, 66

Hats, Ecuador’s export trade in, 64

Havre, distance from Guayaquil, 63

Hay-Varilla Treaty, 46

Hay, John, late Secretary of State, 362, 363

Holidays in Bolivia, 345

Hotels, 29-31

_Huaca_, of Trujillo, 81;
of Supe, 82

Hualgayoc district, Peru, silver-producing, 132

Huallaga River, 6, 137

Huamachuco, gold-producing district, Peru, 132

Huamalies district, Peru, gold-producing, 132;
coal deposits, 133

Huancavelica, silver-producing district, Peru, 132;
mercury deposits, 133;
quicksilver mines, 142

Huanchaca, town and mines, 318

Huanchaca Company of Bolivia, their reduction works at Antofagasta,
187, 319

Huanchaco, Port of, 80

Huantayaja silver region, 229

Huanuco, German colony, 157;
district is gold-producing, 132

Huaraz district, Peru, copper-producing, 132;
iron and sulphur deposits, 133

Huarochiri, sulphur, coal, and lead deposits, 133

Huaylas district, Peru, copper-producing, 132;
coal-mining district, 133

Huayna-Potosi, tin-mining district, 314, 315

Humboldt, Von, 2, 325

Humboldt, or Antarctic, current, 59

Hydraulic power of Andes to be developed, 130

Ibarra, Ecuador, 69

Ica district, Peru, gold and copper producing, 132

Illampu, series of peaks in Oriental Cordilleras, 305

Illimani, in the Bolivian Andes, 305, 306

Immigration, 8, 138, 158, 163, 272, 340

Inambari River basin, rubber industry, 120, 136;
gold-washings, 132

_Inca_, Peruvian coin, 35, 177

Inca Caracoles silver mines, 230

Inca Company, headquarters in Arequipa, 116, 119, 120

Indians, 25, 44, 75, 79, 105, 116, 121, 136, 151-157, 181, 195,
198, 199, 251, 285-287, 295, 304, 305, 308, 309, 328, 337-340

Industrial establishments of Chile, 266

Infiernillo (Little Hell or Devil’s Bridge), on Central Railway,
103

Ingenia, 287

Inquisivi, tin-mining district, 314;
bismuth deposit, 325

Intercontinental Railway Survey, 70, 153

Intercontinental railway, _see_ Pan-American trunk line

International Sanitary Bureau, 18

Iodine found in nitrate deposits, 222

Iquique, distance from Panama, 12;
shipping-point for soda nitrates, 16;
one of the three worst ports on West Coast, 86;
sketch of, 184-186

Iquitos, 6, 7, 135, 148

Iron, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 133, 147;
in Chile, 227

Irrigation, 86, 112, 124, 125, 127, 130, 142, 159, 276

Isla de Plata, Silver Island, 73

Islands of Direction, _same as_ Evangelist Islands

Islay, Bay of, 87;
town, 88

Italia, wine made in Pisco district, 85

Italians, in Lima, 96;
agricultural immigrants, 159, 160

Ivory nut, _see_ Tagua

Jauja, valley of, presents possibilities for irrigation, 142

_Jebe_, best quality crude rubber, 134

Jones, Mr. Champion, of Lima, 90

“Journalism, The Land of,” 214

Juliaca, on Southern Railway, Peru, 119, 121

Junin, town and lake, 106, 222

Kaolin, in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320

Kelley, Frederick M., 42

Kraus, Jacob, Holland engineer, 192

La Boca, railway terminus at Pacific mouth of Canal, 46

Laborers, on Canal, 50;
in Piura cotton lands, 125;
in Peruvian rubber forests, 136;
Indian and _cholo_, 155;
Chinese coolies, 158;
mine workers needed, 159;
at Iquique, 185;
in nitrate fields, 223;
Chilean roto, 251-255;
in Chilean factories, 267;
Bolivian _cholos_, 340

Laca-Amra River, Bolivia, 299

_L’Africaine_, government railway concession, 341

_La Lei_, Santiago newspaper, 215

La Mar, gold-producing district, Peru, 132

Lambayeque region of Peru, 79, 129, 133

Land-owners in central valley, Chile, 263

La Paz, Bolivia, hotels, 30;
travellers to, 300;
sketch of, 310;
tin mined in district, 315;
in gold district, 324;
Aymará inhabitants, 338;
elevation of, 341;
Department in revolution of 1898, 343

La Quiaca, on Argentine frontier, 279

Larecaja placers of Tipuani, Bolivia, 324

Larez district, Peru, iron-producing, 133

Lastarria, J. V., Chilean diplomat and historian, 250, 251

_La Vie Latine_, 366

“Law, The,” Santiago newspaper, 215

Lead, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 132;
in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320

Leger, Minister, of Haiti, 362, 363

Leguia, Señor, of Peru, 171

_Le Perou_, Auguste Plane, 145

Lima, Peru, pure Spanish spoken, 24;
hotel, 30;
sketch of, 89-100;
censuses, 152;
scene of revolution, 164

Limon, Bay of, 37

Lipez, silver deposit, 318;
copper deposits, 321, 323

Live-stock industry, 8, 121, 133, 134, 263

Llai-Llai, 202

Llama, disposition of the, 309

Llanquihue district exports lumber, 264;
colony on lake, 272

Lobos Islands, 79

Loja, in mining district of Ecuador, 70

Lomas, 85

Lopez de Guevara had scheme for three canals, 43

Loreto, Department of, centre of Peruvian rubber district, 134;
variations in government, 173

Los Andes, location of spiral tunnel, 202

Lota, 194, 195;
copper product of district, 228;
iron mines, 229

Lottery at Lima, 95;
at Santiago, 213

Louisiana Purchase, resources of the, 3

Luya district, Peru, gold-producing, 132

Machacamarca smelting works, 321

Machala, 63, 67

MacKenna, Benjamin V., historian, 205

Madre de Dios rubber region, 327

Magellan, Territory of, 264, 275

Majo, Bolivia, 279, 280

Malinowski, engineer of Central Railway, 101

Manserriche, Falls of, 6, 78, 147, 148

Manufactories, of Lima, 99;
of Chile, 266

Manufacturers’ Association of Chile, 265, 272

Manzanillo, Island of, 37, 40

Mapocho River, Santiago, 207

Marañon River, 6, 78, 80, 132, 137, 147, 148

Maravillas, silver-smelting plant located at, 119

Marcapata valley, 136

Marriage customs among Indians, 155, 309

Martinez, Mr. Juan Walker, 211, 219

Mathieu, Mr., former Secretary of Chilean Legation, 312

Matte, Mr. Auguste, 211

Matucana, 104

Meals, customs concerning, 27

Meier, Mr., American consul at Mollendo, 114

Meiggs, Henry, builder of Central Railway of Peru, 100, 101, 110,
149, 203

Meiggs, Mt., on Central Railway, Peru, 104

Merchant marine of Chile, 270, 271

“Mercury, The,” of Santiago and Valparaiso, 214, 215

Mercury-cinnabar, Peruvian districts which produce, 133

_Mestizos_, 27, 151, 154, 155, 337;
compare with _Cholos_

Methodist Mission at Iquique, 185

Mexico of South America, Bolivia, 313-330

Mica deposits near Quilca, 114

Military party in Chile, 260

Mills, cotton, in Peru, 126

Milluni, tin-mining district, 314, 315

Mineral waters, 26

Mineral wealth, of Andes, 4;
of Ecuador, 69, 78, 81;
Peruvian deposits, 106, 107, 117, 120, 122, 130-133, 146;
Chilean deposits, 217-231, 276;
Bolivian deposits, 282, 294, 313-326

Mining-code, the Peruvian, 133

Mississippi Valley will benefit from Canal, 12

Molina, Father, Jesuit naturalist, 205

Mollendo, distance from Panama, 12;
trade passing through, 14;
relation to Arica, 16;
one of three worst ports on West Coast, 86;
railway terminus and harbor improvements, 88;
trade, 88;
use of Panama Canal, 88

Monastery of San Francisco, Lima, 97, 98

Money, South American, 34;
Ecuadorian, 72

Monroe Doctrine in South America, 70, 351-371

Montaña region, 68, 123

Monte Cristo, from Bay of Caracas, 60

Montes, President Ismael, of Bolivia, 314, 332, 343, 345

Montt, Director of National Library, Santiago, 207

Montt, Captain Jorge, Chilean insurrectionist, 237

Montt, Manuel, former Chilean president, 233

Moquegua district, Peru, sulphur-producing, 133

Morgan, Sir John, sacked Panama, 41, 45

Mountain travel, supplies for, 32, 33

Mule in Andean use, 33

National Library, Lima, 97

National Library, Santiago, 206

National Tax Collection Society, 176

Naturalization of foreigners in Peru, 176

Naval school at Talcahuano, 195

Nazarene, on San Juan River, 280

Negro element, in Panameñans, 44;
blacks engaged in Canal excavation, 50;
in railway building, 66;
in Peruvian population, 157, 158

Neill, Mr. Richard, Secretary American Legation, Lima, 96

New Orleans, distance from West Coast ports, 7, 11, 14, 63

New York, relative position with reference to West Coast ports, 7,
11;
distance from Colon, 12;
from Valparaiso, 12;
from Guayaquil, 14, 62;
from Callao, 14

New York Chamber of Commerce, statistics from, 13

Newspapers, Chilean, 199, 213-216

Nicaragua Canal, one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43

Nitrate kings, 184, 219

Nitrates of soda, exports from Chile, 16;
shipments from Iquique, 16, 186;
the product, 217-231, 276, 277

Noco, plain of, 86, 125

North, Colonel, the nitrate king, 184

_Nudos_ in inter-Andine region, 67

Oaths, Spanish, 24

O’Higgins, liberator of Chile, 204, 232, 355

Old age attained by Bolivian peasants, 281

Olney, ex-Secretary, 357

Oranges of Pacasmayo, 79

Orcoma, nitrate district, 224

Oregon, Webster’s valuation of, 3

_Oropesa_, S. S., 191, 196

Oroya, on Central Railway, Peru, 101, 105, 107

Oroya Railway, _same as_ Central Railway

Oruro, hotel at, 30;
town seen from hills, 293;
sketch of, 299;
tin and silver mines in vicinity, 314-317, 320

Osorno, colony at, 272

Otuzco district, Peru, gold-producing, 132

Ovalle, copper mines in the district of, 228

Pacasmayo, 79, 80

Pacific Company, concessions to, 147

Pacific Ocean, trade influenced by Canal, 1-20;
described by Friar Calancha, 57;
Pacific steamers, 57;
Southern ocean rough, 194

Pacific Steam Navigation Company, Valparaiso office, 249

Paita, distance from New York, 7;
from Panama, 12;
sketch of, 74-78;
selected as terminus of projected railroad, 147;
district, sulphur deposits, 133

Paita, Bay of, 6, 74

Pallasca district, Peru, silver-producing, 132;
lead deposits, 133

Palma, Dr. Ricardo, Director National Library, Lima, 97

_Palta_, or alligator pear, 28

Panama Bay, 58

Panama Canal, industrial development due to the, 1-20;
toll rates, 11, 15;
relation to Chilean trade, 16;
entrance, 37;
proposed routes, 40-43;
route adopted, 44;
villages and inhabitants along course, 44;
Culebra Cut, 45;
U. S. authority in Canal Zone, 46-50;
sanitation and hygiene in Canal Zone, 50-53;
American employees, 53-55;
instrument in development of Panama, 55;
Guayaquil trade will pass through, 62, 64;
Amazon traffic will pass through, via Paita, 78;
effect upon Callao, 84;
Peruvian traffic, 88, 125, 128, 131, 135, 139, 145, 183;
outlet for Cerro de Pasco mines, 107;
will further Italian immigration, 160;
relation to Iquique and the nitrates, 186, 227;
will tend to lower ocean freight charges, 188;
bearing on Valparaiso as harbor, 193;
relation to Punta Arenas, 199;
effect on Chilean commerce, 270;
value to Bolivia, 331, 332, 350

Panama, City of, distance from Colon, Guayaquil, Paita, Callao,
Mollendo, Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, and Valparaiso, 12;
growth of, 39;
sacking by Morgan’s buccaneers, 41, 45;
sketch of, 45;
distance from Guayaquil, 62

Panama, Isthmus of, 3;
sanitary conditions on, 18;
gold standard in, 19;
waterways which have been projected, 41;
Champlain conceived project of cutting through, 43;
geographical position, 43;
natives and villages, 44;
government of, 46, 47;
area, wealth, industries, and agriculture, 48;
good to be derived from Canal, 49

Panama Railway, 17;
statue to builders, 39;
hygienic work of, 39

Panameñans, the, 44

Pan-American Conference, 18

Pan-American trunk line, 4

Pando, General, former President of Bolivia, 345

Pandura, 303

Pansio silver mines, Chile, 230

Paper money prohibited in Peru, 178

Para, Peruvian rubber metropolis, 7

Pardo, Señor José, President of Peru, 169-172

Parties, political, in Chile, 246

Pataz district, Peru, silver-producing, 132

Patterson, William, his scheme for canal through Isthmus, 42

Paucartambo district, gold-producing, 132

Peachy, American traveller in Peru, 153

Pelicans, 79

Perez, Carlos, surveys and explorations of, 142

Perez, José Joaquin, former Chilean president, 233

Permanent Industrial Exhibition, 266

Pernambuco, distance from the Cape and New York, 12

Peru, relation to Canal, 2;
rubber industry, 7;
foreign commerce, 14, 15;
description, 73 _et seq._

Peruvian Congress, 175

Peruvian Corporation of London, 101, 107, 119, 139, 140, 142, 143,
160, 161, 333

_Peso_, value of, 274

_Petacas_, or leather trunks, 32

Petroleum, fields of Peru, 78, 122, 131, 132;
districts which produce, 133;
deposits along shores of Lake Titicaca, 326;
crude product used in Caupolican Province, 326

Phillips, Mr., editor of _La Lei_, Santiago, 215, 216

Pichis, or central highway, 142-146

Pierola, General, President in 1896, 143, 167, 170, 177

Pinto, Anibal, former Chilean president, 235

Pisagua, in nitrate and guano region, 184

Pisco, 85

Piura, in northern Peru, 78

Piura region, aridity of, 76, 77;
cotton cultivation, 124, 147;
American project for irrigating, 125;
district produces petroleum and iron, 133

Pizarro, 41, 74, 80, 90, 92, 116

Plane, A., French engineer in Peru, 145

Playa Blanca, ore-smelters of Huanchaca Company at, 320

Political history of Chile, 232-247

Political parties in Chile, 246

Poöpo, Lake, 298;
tin mines in Province of, 314

Population, growth in South America, 3, 4;
in valley and mountain regions, 6;
in cereal region, 8;
in Ecuador, 70;
in trans-Andine country, 138;
in Peru, 151-163;
of Chile, 271, 272;
region between Oruro and La Paz, 306;
of Bolivia, 336-341

Porco, tin-mining district of Bolivia, 315;
silver deposits, 318;
copper, 322

Portugalete Pass, 291;
silver mines in district, 318

Postal service, 144

Potosi, silver mines, 293, 318, 319;
tin mines, 314-316;
need for railroad facilities, 319, 335

Prat, naval hero, statue to, 190

Presidential office, in Chile, 239;
in Bolivia, 344

Priests, in Chilean social life, 212;
Bolivian priesthood, 307

Prieto, Joaquin, former Chilean president, 233

Professional classes, dress of, 25

Projects for cutting through Isthmus, 40, 41

Protective policy of Chile, 266

Protestant churches in Peru, 174

_Puchero_, Spanish dish, 28

Pulacayo, most productive silver mine in South America, 294, 319

Puna, customs and quarantine port, 60

Puno, on Lake Titicaca, 121, 122;
district produces coal, petroleum, and mercury, 133

Punta Arenas, southernmost town, 198-200

Quail in barren country, 288, 292

Quarantine regulations, 33, 34, 63

Quiaca River, on Bolivian boundary, 379

Quichua, or aboriginal Indian race of Peru, 105, 154, 157, 281,
292, 293, 304, 338

Quicksilver mines of Huancavelica, 142

Quilca, 113, 114

Quinine industry, 329

Quinta Normal, or Agricultural Experiment Station, Santiago, 213

_Quinua_, native cereal, 307

Quiros River, irrigation from, 125

Quisma Cruz, or Three Crosses, in Oriental Cordilleras, 305

Quito, 65, 66

Racing a feature at Santiago, 213

Railroads, through Andes, 4, 162, 188;
line joining Buenos Ayres and Valparaiso, 5;
proposed Argentine and Bolivian lines, 5, 15;
passenger rates, 31;
development in Panama, 49;
lines and projects in Ecuador, 65-69;
survey through mining region, 70;
Peruvian line, 78;
road from Eten, 79;
project for road from Cajamarca, 80;
line from Chimbote, 82;
from Pisco to Ica, 85;
Central (Oroya) Railway, 100-107;
American syndicate road between Oroya and Cerro de Pasco, 107;
line to Lake Titicaca, 110;
extension from Sicuani, 119;
engineering in Province of Carabaya, 119;
projected line along Inambari River, 120;
motive power furnished by river Rimac, 130;
use of oil as fuel, 131;
Peruvian lines, 138-142, 145-150;
proposed line out from coffee district, 161;
road from Arica to Tacna, 182;
extension to La Paz, 183;
lines in nitrate district, 187, 219, 221, 222;
Copiapo Railway, 188;
passenger accommodations, 202;
William Wheelright’s road, 203;
Chilean railroad policy, 267-269, 275;
Bolivian roads, 278, 314, 332-336;
mines await railroads, 319-321;
Antofagasta and Oruro Railway, 336;
concession granted by Bolivia, 341;
treaty with Chile, 347, 348;
West Coast railway development, 351 _et seq._

Raimondi, surveys of Department of Anacho, 130;
description of central plateau of Bolivia, 297

Raspadura channel, possible route across Isthmus, 43

Rates of transportation of products, 17, 18

Reclus, representing French company in exploiting Darien route, 42

_Reconnaissance Report upon the Proposed System of Bolivian
Railways_, Sisson, 335

Recuay district, Peru, silver and coal producing, 132

Reloncavi, Bay of, at the head of Gulf of Ancud, 262

Revenue, of Peruvian government, 176;
of Bolivian, 346

Revolutions, in Peru, 164;
in Bolivia, 343

Rice product of Peru, 79, 129

Richest woman in the world, the widow Cousiño, 195

Riesco, President Jerman, of Chile, 247

Rimac valley, Peru, 103, 130

Rivadavia mission to Europe, 355

Road-building, in Panama, 49;
in Peru, 120

Roman Catholic Church, in Peru, 157, 174;
in Chile, 208, 242, 243;
attitude of roto toward, 253, 254;
in Bolivia, 307, 308

Romaña, ex-President Edward, of Peru, 115

Roosevelt, President, 47, 70, 357, 358

Root, Mr. Elihu, 357

_Roto_, 248-259, 264

Royal Andes, 280

Rubber, demand for, 7;
Ecuador’s product, 68, 69;
shipped through Mollendo, 88;
on San Gaban River, 120;
in Coast Region, Peru, 124;
Peruvian forests, 134-136, 138;
Bolivian product, 327, 328

Saddles for mountain travel, 32

Sailors, members of Chilean roto as, 254

Sala, Father, surveys and explorations of, 142

Salaverry, Peru, sugar from, 14;
volume of trade and unique inscription, 81

Salisbury, Lord, 357

Salt fields east of Punta de Lobos, 223

Saltpetre fertilizers, _see_ nitrates

Sambo, origin of name, 158

San Bartholomew, tunnel in Chorolque district, 320

San Bartolomew, on Central Railway of Peru, 103

San Blas route proposed for Canal, 42

Sandia district, gold in, 120, 132

San Gaban River, 120

Sanitary conditions along Canal, 18, 50-52, 54, 55;
in Lima, 99, 100;
among Peruvian Indians, 157;
in Santiago, 207, 258, 259

San José mine, near Oruro, 300, 321

San Juan River, 324

San Leon, tunnel at entrance of Pulacayo mine, 319

San Lorenzo, Island of, in harbor of Callao, 85

San Martin, statue to, Santiago, 205

San Mateo, on Central Railway of Peru, 103

San Miguel Bay named, 41

Santa Cruz, Department of, gum forests awaiting development, 327;
the capital, 341

Santa Lucia, mountain in Santiago, 203-205

Santa Maria, Domingo, former Chilean executive, 236

Santa Rosa, ranch of, near Arequipa, 110

Santa Rosa valley, Bolivia, 282

Santiago, hotels at, 30, 31;
sketch of, 203-216;
social questions, 250;
savings bank, 256;
birth and death rates in province, 257

Santo Domingo, U. S. policy toward, 359

Santo Domingo gold mines, Province of Carabaya, 116, 119, 122

San Vicente, Sierra of, 292

Saracocha, Lake, 118

Savedro, Señor Don Angel, projected waterway through Isthmus, 42

Savings Bank, Santiago, 256

School system of Peru, 157;
school conducted in Aymará language, 304, 305;
Bolivian school system, 344, 345

Selfridge, Commander, 42

Sexes, even ratio of the, 337

Sheep-raising, 133, 264

Shipping interests of Chile, 270, 271

Sicasica, at an altitude of 14,000 feet, 304

Sicuani, 119

Silva, Mr., leader writer on _El Mercurio_, 215

Silver, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 107, 131, 132;
in Chile, 229;
in Bolivia, 304, 318-321

_Sinopsis Estadistica y Geografica de la Republica de Bolivia_, 342

_Siroche_, or mountain sickness, 104, 118, 288-291

Sisson, W. L., 335

Smythe’s Channel, 196

Socavon of the Virgin, silver mine in Oruro district, 321

Social question in Chile, 207, 248-261

Socialistic doctrines at work in Chile, 254

Society, in Lima, 95, 96;
in Santiago, 210-213

_Sol_, Peruvian coin, 35, 177

Solano, Father Francis, founder of Franciscan Order in Peru, 98

Sorsby, Minister, of La Paz, 311

_South America, 1854-1904_, Akers, 364

South American Steamship Company offices burned by mob, 249

Southern Cross, 57

Southern Railway, 101, 120, 149, 334

Southernmost town of world, Punta Arenas, 198-200

Spanish administrative system to be moulded on American model, 48

Spanish-American, the, 2

Spanish language, needed by travellers, 21-25;
spoken in its purity at Lima, 95;
native hostility toward, 157, 338, 339

State ownership of Chilean railways, 267

Steamships, in West Coast foreign trade, 11;
in nitrate trade, 16;
in West Coast passenger service, 57, 58;
in Guayaquil trade, 62;
trading at Callao, 84;
at Valparaiso, 191;
in Chilean trade, 270, 271

Stephens, John L., statue to, 39

Strike in Valparaiso, 248, 249

Stumpff, engineer Elsa Mine, 324

Succession in office in Peru, 168

Suches, placer washings in gold district, Bolivia, 323

_Sucre_, 72

Sucre, old capital of Bolivia, 298, 311

Sugar-beet industry, 265

Sugar industry, in Peru, 14, 18, 127, 128;
in Ecuador, 69;
amount shipped via Pacasmayo, 79;
through Huanchaco, 80;
industry in Chile, 265, 266

Suipacha, on San Juan River, 280

Sulphur beds, near Bay of Sechura, 78;
on Lake Titicaca Railroad, 117;
Peruvian provinces which produce, 133

Supe, the landing-place, 82

Superunda, Count, memoirs of, 93

Taboga Isle, 45

Tacna, Pampas of, 224;
tin mines in district, 315

Tacora, Mt., in Bolivia, 183

Taft, Secretary, 47

Tagua, or ivory nut, Ecuador’s production of, 64

Talcahuano, naval port, 195

Taltal, nitrate shipping-port, 188

Tambilla, 292

Tambo de Mora, 86

_Tambos_, or inns, 31;
one at Majo, Bolivia, 279

Tarapacá, Province of, lost to Chile, 152, 217;
saltpetre region, 217-226

Tarata, sulphur-producing district, Peru, 133

Tarija, capital of agricultural region in southeast Bolivia, 341

Tarma, coal-mining district, Peru, 133

Taxes, in Peru, 176;
in Bolivia, 346

Tayacaja district, Peru, gold-producing, 132

Tehuantepec Canal, one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43

Telegraph line from Lima to Bermudez, 144

Telegraph line, monument commemorating completion of, Santiago, 205

Timber lands of southern Chile, 264

Tin product of Bolivia, 314-317, 320

Tipuani placer washings in gold district, Bolivia, 323

Tirapata, railroad station for mines of Carabaya Province, 119

Titicaca, Lake, trip from Arequipa to, 117-122

Tobacco, crop in Ecuador, 69;
tax in Peru set aside for railroads, 141

Toll rates through Canal, 13, 15

Tombs at Caracollo, 302, 303, 305

Trades unions in Chile, 250, 251

Travellers, should practise customs of natives, 21;
need for knowledge of Spanish, 21-25;
dress, 25;
eating and drinking, 26-29;
hotels, 29-31;
care of baggage, 31;
railroad fares and night trains, 31;
charges for embarkation and disembarkation, 32;
supplies for mountain travel, 32, 33;
fodder for animals, 33;
quarantine regulations, 33, 34;
money, 34;
diseases, 35;
friction with natives and officials in Peru, 175

Treasure islands, 73

Treaty between Bolivia and Chile ratified 1905, 347, 348

Treaty of Ancon, 83

Trujillo, 81

Trunks carried on pack animals, 32

_Tucapel_, West Coast vessel, 82

Tucker, surveys and explorations of, 142

Tucuman, 5, 188

Tumbez, 73, 74;
district, oil-producing, 131;
sulphur and petroleum deposits, 133

Tupiza, Bolivia, hotel at, 30;
sketch of, 283-286

Ubina Mountain, 286

Ucayali River, 137, 146

Union Club, Santiago, 211

Union district, Peru, gold-producing, 132

United States, trade with Argentine, 9;
with West Coast countries, 10;
policy toward Canal, 11;
direct benefit derived, 12;
authority in Canal Zone, 17-20, 37-40

University of San Marcos, Lima, 97

Uruguay, grain and cattle industries in, 8

Uyuni, Bolivia, 293-296, 315

V’s and VV’s, 102

Valdivia, Pedro, statue to, at Santiago, 203

Valdivia Province, 229, 264;
town, 272

Valparaiso, distance from Panama and New York, 12;
from Liverpool, 13;
hotels, 31;
sketch of, 189-194

Vegetable ivory, _same as_ Ivory nut

Verrugas, on Central Railway of Peru, 103

_Verrugas_, or bleeding warts, 103

Vice-presidency in Chile, 243

Vicuña, Archbishop, memorials to, at Santiago, 204

Vicuña high-grade wool and rugs, 116, 122, 182

Vicuñas, 118, 133

Vilcanota River, 119

Village life in Bolivian Andes, 280 _et seq._

Villamil family controlled Larecaja properties, 324

Villa Villa, Bolivia, 303

Villazon, Señor, Vice-president of Bolivia, 343

Viña del Mar, seashore resort near Valparaiso, 213

Vincocaya, 118

Vineyards of Pisco, 85

Vitor, 110

Vitor River, 113

Von Bülow, Chancellor, 358

Von Hassel, surveyor and explorer, 146

Von Sternberg, Baron, 358

Washington, Booker T., his work a subject of discussion, 215

_Wateree_, U. S. frigate, carried inland by tidal wave, 182

Water-fowl, 117

Watermelons of Pisco, 86

Webster, Daniel, 3

Weed-killing plant in use on tropical railway, 65

Werthemann, surveys and explorations of, 142

Wetherill system in San José smelting works, 321

Wheat shipped from central valley, 263

Wheelright, William, pioneer railroad builder of Chile and Argentina,
188, 190, 203

White Spirit of the Illimani, ancient deity of Bolivian Indians,
308

Whitehead, American traveller in Peru, 153

Wines, imported and native, 26;
Italia, wine made in Pisco district, 85

Wireless telegraphy station at southernmost town of the world, 199

Wolfe, surveys and explorations of, 142

Wolfram in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 203

Women, conductors on Santiago tramways, 205;
Chilean, 212;
Bolivian Indian, 309

Wood, Rev. Dr., Methodist clergyman in Lima, 162

Wool trade, 12, 264

Woollens needed by travellers, 25

Wyse, representing French company in exploiting Darien route, 42

Yani River placer washings, 324

Yauli, on Central Railway, Peru, 103;
silver and copper deposits, 132;
lead deposits, 133

Yauyos, coal-mining district, Peru, 133

Yavari River, frontier, rubber industry, 136

Yunca Indians, 154

Yura, iron and sulphur springs, 115

Yuracares, department of Cochabamba, produces a species of rubber
tree, 327

Yurimaguas on the Huallaga River, 6, 80

Yuruma, village in Royal Andes, 280

Zambo, _same as_ Sambo

Zaruma, centre of gold-mining region, 69

Zarzuela, or one-act comedy, 212

TABLES

Page
Commercial relations of West Coast with United States 9

Distances of shipping ports on West Coast to trade centres 12

Distances and elevation above sea-level of the Central Railway
of Peru 102

Mineral output of Peru for one year 132

Itinerary from Lima to Iquitos via Central Highway 144

Distances on railway from Paita to Piura 148

Product of the nitrate zone 224

Tin product of Bolivia 316

Metals found in combination with copper, Bolivia 322

Population of Bolivia 337

Temperature and products of zones, Bolivia 342

Rainfall, Bolivia 343

Transcriber's Notes

The following changes have been made to the text as printed.

1. Illustrations and end-of-page footnotes (marked with an asterisk) have been located in appropriate paragraph breaks.

2. Where a word is used repeatedly in the same way, spelling and hyphenation have been made consistent, preferring the form most often used in the printed work, or failing that the more usual form in general use at the time of publication. No typographical change has been made within direct quotes from other works.

3. The spelling of the following names has been changed to agree with normal usage at the time of the original publication:

Page 119 and Index: "Vilcanata" to "Vilcanota"
Page 131: "Tolara" to "Talara"
Pages 212, 265, 397 and Index: "Vina del Mar" to "Viña del Mar"
Page 326 and Index: "Copacabama" to "Copacabana"
Page 342 and Index: "Sinopsis Estadictica" to "Sinopsis Estadistica"
Page 355 (twice) and Index: "Rivadiva" to "Rivadavia".

4. Index: the following entries have been amended in line with the corresponding body text:

"Chilete (Añcachs)" to "Chilete (Ancachs)"
"Chinchona" to "Cinchona"
"Continental Divide, _see_ Cordillerac" to
"Continental Divide, _see_ Cordilleras"
"Guachella" to "Guachalla"
"Malmowski" to "Malinowski"
"Socavan" to "Socavon"
"Von Stenberg" to "Von Sternberg".

On Page 137, "south latitude 40°" should no doubt read "south latitude 4°". No change has been made.