Chapter XII: Guilds and Fraternities 253

INDEX 275

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

PAGE

Thurible, found near Pershore 33
Twelfth Century.

Pax 34
_Arch. Journal_, ii. 149.

Bracket with Suspended Dove and Cover 37
Viollet le Duc, _Dictionnaire du Mobilier_, i. 249.

Sacramental Dove 38
_Ibid._, 50.

St. Martin’s Mass, showing Disposition of Altar
Furniture--Fourteenth Century 47
Didron, _Annales Archæologique_, iii. 95.

Pyx, and Canopy, open 48

Pyx Canopy, closed 49

Shaft Piscina, Treborough 52

Double Piscina, Cowlinge, Suffolk 52

Outside Entrance to Rood-Loft, St. John’s, Winchester 55
_Journal of Arch. Assoc._, ix. 1.

Corona of Lights, St. Martin de Troyes--Fifteenth Century 61
Viollet le Duc, _Dictionnaire du Mobilier_.

Backless Benches, Cawston, Norfolk 63

Font, St. Michael’s, Sutton Bonnington, Notts 64

Holy Water Stoup, Wootton Courtney, Somerset 65

Sacrament of Ordination 79
From _The Art of Good Lyvinge_.

Rectory, West Dean, Sussex 89
Turner’s _Domestic Architecture_, i. 168.

Holy Water Clerk 113
B. Museum, Royal MSS., 10 E. 4.

Blessing of Food by Holy Water Clerk 114
B. Museum, Royal MSS., 10 E. 4.

Alms Box, Blythburgh, Suffolk 130

Organ--Twelfth Century 144
Didron, _Annales Archæologique_, iv. 31.

Low Side Window, Barnard Castle, Durham 147

Holy Water Vat and Sprinkler 155
_Dictionnaire du Mobilier_, ii. 35.

The Sacrament of Penance 169
From _The Art of Good Lyvinge_.

Easter Sepulchre, Arnold, Notts 178

Sacrament of Baptism 191
From _The Art of Good Lyvinge_.

Sacrament of Confirmation 195
_Ibid._

Sacrament of Extreme Unction 202
_Ibid._

Hearse and Pall--Fifteenth Century. Cantors at Lectern 205
“Vita et pass. S. Dyonisii Areop.,” _Biblio. Nat._
_Dictionnaire du Mobilier_, ii. 127.

Sacrament of Matrimony 208
From _The Art of Good Lyvinge_.

Pulpit, 1475, St. Paul’s, Truro 212

Stone Pulpit Bracket, Walpole St. Andrew, Norfolk 215

Church House, Lincoln 234
Turner’s _Domestic Architecture_, i. 168.

LIST OF PLATES

Passiontide _Frontispiece_
B. Museum, Add. MS., 25698, f. 9.

Rood-Screen and Pulpit, Haberton Church _To face page_ 44
From a Photograph by J. Valentine & Sons, Ltd.

Screen, Withycombe, Somerset ” 56

Acolythes and Baptism ” 76
B. Museum, Royal MSS., 6 E. vi., ff. 40, 171.

Houseling Cloth for Holy Communion ” 106
_Ibid._, 2 B. vii., f. 260b.

Archidiaconal Visitation and Marriage ” 216
_Ibid._, 6 E. vi., ff. 133, 375.

Confirmation and Youths receiving Holy Communion ” 222
_Ibid._, 6 E. ff. 472, 337d.

LIST OF MANUSCRIPT AND PRINTED AUTHORITIES

As in _English Monastic Life_, the volume I have already contributed to this series of “The Antiquary’s Books,” I have, in this book, been advised by the Editor to avoid multitudinous footnotes and references. I here give a list of works, in print and manuscript, out of which I have endeavoured to reconstruct the picture of _Parish Life in Mediæval England_, which I have tried to sketch in the following pages.

CHANTRIES

P. R. O. Exchequer, Augmentation Office, _Chantry Certificates_.

P. R. O. Exchequer, _Ministers’ Accounts_, 2-3, Edward VI.

_Chantries within the County of Lancaster_ (Chetham Soc.).

_Somerset, Survey and Rental of Chantries._ ed. E. Green (Somerset
Record Soc.). 1888.

_Yorkshire, Certificates as to Chantries_, etc. (Surtees Soc.). 2 vols.

CHURCHWARDENS’ ACCOUNTS

_Ashburton_ (1479-1580). ed. J. H. Butcher.

_Arlington, Sussex_ (1456-1479). Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 33,192.

_Bath, St. Michael’s without the North Gate._ ed. C. B. Pearson
(_Somerset Archæol., etc., Soc. Proceedings_, vol. xxiii. p. 6). Cf.
also Somerset Record Soc. 1890.

_Bedwardine, St. Michael’s (Worcester)_, 1539-1603. ed. J. Amphlett.

_Bishop Stortford St. Michael’s._ ed. J. L. Glasscock. 1882.

_Blythburgh, Suffolk._ ed. J. Gardner (1754), _Hist. of Dunwich,
Blythburgh, and Southwold_, 147-159.

_Bodmin, Receipts and Expenses in the Building of._ ed. J. J.
Wilkinson (Camden Soc., Misc., vii. 1874).

_Bramley, Surrey_ (transcript kindly lent by C. R. Peers, Esq.).

_Bristol, St. Ewen’s._ Sir J. Maclean (in Transactions of Bristol and
Glouc. Archæol. Assoc., xv. 1890-1891).

_Cambridge, St. Mary the Great_ (1504-1635). ed. J. E. Foster
(Cambridge Antiq. Soc.). 1905.

_Canterbury, St. Dunstan’s_ (1484-1580). ed. Cowper. 1885. (Reprinted
from Archæologia Cantiana, xvi., xvii.)

_Cowfold_ (1471-1485). Rev. W. B. Otter, in Sussex Archæol. Coll. ii.,
pp. 316-325.

_Cratfield parish_ (1490-1642). ed. Rev. W. Holland.

_Croscombe, Pilton, Yatton, Tintinhull, Morebath, and St. Michael’s,
Bath._ ed. Bishop Hobhouse (Somerset Record Soc. 1890).

_Derby, All Saints_ (1465-1527). ed. J. C. Cox and W. H. St. John
Hope. 1881.

_Dover, St. Mary’s_ (1536). Brit. Mus. Eg. MS. 1912.

_Exeter, St. Petrock’s_ (1425-1590). R. Dymond (Devon Assoc. for the
Advancement of Science, etc. 1902).

_Hawkhurst._ ed. W. J. Lightfoot (Archæologia Cantiana, vol. v. p. 78).

_Hedon, St. Augustine’s, in E. Riding of Yorks_ (in _Early History of
the Town and Port_. J. R. Boyle), Appendix, ciii. _seqq._

_Hertfordshire._ Inventory of Church Furniture. ed. J. E. Cussans.

_Hythe_ (1412-1413) in Archæol. Cantiana, x. pp. 242-249.

_Leicester, St. Martin’s._ ed. Thomas North. 1884.

_Leverton_, Lincolnshire (in Archæologia, vol. xli. pp. 333 _seqq._).

_Lincolnshire_, in _Church Goods_, ed. Peacock, pp. 202 _seqq._

_London, St. Martin’s, Outwich_ (1570), in Sir J. Nichols’ _Illust. of
Manners, etc._, pp. 270 _seqq._

_London, St. Dionysius, Backchurch_ (in Lond. and Midd. Archæol., iv.
pp. 203 _seqq._).

_London, St. Mary-at-Hill_ (1420-1559). ed. H. Littlehales, 2 parts,
1904-1906 (Early English Text Soc.).

_London, St. Michael’s, Cornhill._ ed. Overall and Waterlow. 1870.

_London, St. Peter Cheap_ (Journal of Archæological Association, vol.
xxiv. pp. 248 _seqq._).

_Ludlow_ (1469-1749). ed. Ll. Jones (in Shropshire Archæol., etc.,
Soc., vols. 1, 2, 4, 5).

_Melton Mowbray._ ed. Thomas North (in Leicestershire Architect. and
Archæol. Soc. Trans. III. 1874).

_Morebath_, Somerset (see Croscombe).

_Norfolk Church Goods_ (in Norfolk Archæol., vii.).

_North Elmham_ (1539-1577). ed. A. G. Legge. 1891.

_Norwich Church Goods_ (in Norfolk Archæol., vi. p. 360).

_Nottinghamshire Church Goods_ (P. R. O. Exch. Q. R. Church Goods,
7/38-7/39).

_Oxford, St. Peter-in-the-East_ (1444). ed. R. S. Mylne (in Soc. of
Antiquaries Proceedings, 2nd Series, X., 25-28).

_Pilton, Somerset_ (see Croscombe).

_Piltington_ and other parishes in diocese of Durham. 1580. (ed.
Surtees Soc. 1888.)

_Reading, St. Giles._ ed. W. L. Nash. 1881.

_Saffron Walden_, Extracts, 1439-85 (in _History of Audley End and
Saffron Walden_, by Richard, Lord Braybrooke).

_Salisbury, St. Edmund’s and St. Thomas’_ (1447-1702), (Wilts Record
Soc.).

_Shere, Surrey._ Manning and Bray’s _Surrey_, i. 529-531.

_Steyning, Surrey_, ed. T. Medland (in Surrey Archæol., viii. 133-140).

_Stratton, Cornwall_, Highcross Wardens (1512-1577). Brit. Mus. Add.
MS. 32,243 (Archæologia, xlvi. pp. 195-236).

_Stutterton, St. Mary’s_ (1461-1536). Bib. Bodl. MS. Rawlinson 786.

_Surrey Church Goods_ (in Surrey Archæol., iv. pp. 1-189).

_Tavistock_, Extracts, 1385-1725 (in Calendar, etc. ed. R. N. Worth.
1887).

_Thame_, Extracts 1443-1638 (in _History, etc._ ed. F. G. Lee, pp.
15-87).

_Tintinhull, Somerset_ (see Croscombe).

_Walberswick_ (1451-1550), in Sir J. Nichols’ _Illust. of Manners,
etc._, pp. 183 _seqq._

_Wells, St. Cuthbert’s_, early accounts (in _Historical Account of St.
Cuthbert’s_). 1875.

_Westminster, St. Margaret’s_ (1460-1461), in Sir J. Nichols’ _Illust.
of Manners, etc._, pp. 1 _seqq._

_Westminster, St. Margaret’s_, Extracts 1478-1492 (in _Caxton
Memorial_, reprinted from the _Builder_, Aug. 7 and 21, 1880).

_Wigtoft_ (1484-1497), in Sir J. Nichols’ _Illust. of Manners, etc._,
pp. 77 _seqq._

_Wing_, Bucks, (in _Archæologia_, xxxvi. pp. 219-241).

_Worcester, St. Helen’s_ (1519-1520). ed. J. Amphlett.

_Yatton, Somerset_ (see Croscombe).

_London, St. Mary Woolnoth_, Deeds relating to. B. Mus. Harl. MS. 877.

CLERICAL LIFE

_Baculus Viatoris_, to give priests material for instruction. Brit.
Mus. MS. Reg. 8, F. vii. (ff. 41-51_d_).

_Cilium Oculi Sacerdotis._ Harl. MS. 4968 (ff. 1-46_d_), and Harl. MS.
211 (ff. 51_d_ _seqq._).

_Cura Clericalis._ Wynkyn de Worde. 1532.

_De Oculo Morali._ Bishop Grosteste. MS. Reg. 7, C. i. Also printed at
Augsburg, 1480, and at Venice, 1496.

_Dieta Salutis._ R. Halcot. B. Mus. Harl. MS. 2250 (ff. 64-68); MS.
Reg. 7, D. xxii.; 5, F. xiv.; 7, 6, I.; Add. MS. 11,437.

_Doctrinal of Sapience._ Caxton. 1489.

_Instructions for Priests._ Printed by De Worde.

_Elucidarium_ of William of Coventry. Harl. MS. 5234 (ff. 88 _seqq._).

_Exornatorium Curatorum._ Printed by Notary, de Worde and Pepwell.

_Exposition of the Commandments._ By John Nydar.

_Flos Florum._ Thomas Hibernicus or Palmeranus. Brit. Mus. Burney MS.
356. Printed at Venice in 1550 and several times afterwards;
sometimes known as the _Flores dictorum_ and _Manipulus Florum_.

_Gallicantus._ By Bishop Alcock, of Ely. Printed by Pynson, 1498.

_Liber Bonitatis._ Harl. MS. 2379 (ff. 15_d_-12_d_).

_Liber Festivalis._ Sixteen printed editions between 1483-1532.

_Manipulus Curatorum._ Six printed editions in Latin from 1500-1509,
and in translations as _Livre de Sapience_ and _The Doctrinal of
Sapience_.

_Manuale Sacerdotis._ Harl. MS. 5306.

_Oculus Sacerdotis._ B. Mus. Harl. MS. 1307; MS. Reg. 6, E. i.; 8, c.
ii. (ff. 52-180); 8, B. xv. (ff. 1-163).

_Pupilla Oculi._ J. de Burgo. Harl. MS. 5442, and several early
editions in print.

_Quatuor Sermones_ (giving matter for instructions ordered four times
a year). Printed by Caxton, 1483, etc.

_Regimen Animarum._ Harl. MS. 2272.

_Speculum Curatorum._ Ralph Higden. Harl. MS. 1004.

_Speculum Eduardi._ B. Mus. Harl. MSS. 2379; 2383; 2388; 3363; MS.
Reg. 8, F. vii.

_Speculum Sacerdotum._ Harl. MS. 2346.

_Stella Clericorum._ Printed by Pynson.

_Summa Magri._ _Thomæ de Cabaham._ Harl. MS. 4065.

_Sermo Exhortatorius Cancellarii Eboracensis._ Printed by Wynkyn de
Worde, 1494 (?).

EPISCOPAL REGISTERS

CANTERBURY.--_Registrum Epistolarum Fratris Johannis Pecham_ (Rolls
Series, 3 vols.).

DURHAM.--_Reg. of Bishop Richard de Kellawe_ for 1311-1316 in
_Registrum Palatinum Dunelmense._ (Rolls Series.)

_Reg. of Bishop Bury_, 1338-1343. (Surtees Soc.)

EXETER.--In Prebendary Hingeston-Randolph’s monumental work already
published are the following:--

_Bishop Bronescombe_, 1272-1280 }
_Bishop Quevil_, 1280-1291 } 1 vol.
_Bishop Bitton_, 1292-1307 }
_Bishop Stapeldon_, 1307-1326.
_Bishop Berkeley_, 1327 }
_Bishop Grandisson_, 1327-1350 } 3 vols.
_Bishop Brantyngham_, 1370-1394.
_Bishop Stafford_, 1395-1419.

BATH AND WELLS.

_Bishop Walter Giffard_, 1265-1266. (Somerset Record Soc.)
_Bishop Drokensford_, 1309-1329. (Ibid.)
_Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury_, 1329-1363. (Ibid.)
_Bishop Bowett_, 1401-1407. (Ibid.)
_Bishop Richard Fox_, 1492-1494. ed. E. C. Batten. 1889.

WINCHESTER.--The Hants Record Soc. has published:--

_Bishop John de Sandale_, 1316-1320 } 1 vol.
_Bishop Rigaud de Asserio_, 1320-1323 }
_Bishop W. of Wykeham_, 1366-1404. 2 vols.

WORCESTER.--The Worcestershire Hist. Soc. has published translations and abstracts of:--

_Bishop Giffard_, 1268-1301.
_Sede Vacante_, 1301-1435.

YORK.--The Surtees Soc. has published:--

_Archbishop Walter Gray_, 1217-1255.
_Archbishop Giffard_, 1266-1279.

_Statuta Eccl. Cath. Lichfeldensis._ Cott. MS. Vitell, A. x. (ff.
163-205).

_Visitations of Churches in Exeter Diocese_, A.D. 1440. Harl. MS. 862,
ff. 32-36.

_Visitation of Archd. of Norwich_, A.D. 1363. P. R. O. Misc. of Exchq.
Q. R. Vol. 30.

_Visitation of Churches belonging to St. Paul’s, London._ ed. W. S.
Simpson (Camden Soc.). Misc. ix. pp. 1-38.

_Forms of Letters._ Harl. MSS. 670; 862; 3378; 2179; 3300. Add. MS.
32,089; 33,089.

GUILDS AND MYSTERY PLAYS

Ansell, Chas., _Treatise on Friendly Societies_.

Ashley, W. J., _Introduction to English Economic History_. 3 vols.
(especially vol. 1).

_Corpus Christi Guild at St. Botolph’s, Boston._ Register of Harl. MS.
4795.

F. F. Fox, _Some Account of Merchant Tailors of Bristol_. 1880.

_Statutes of the Guylde of the Puryficacion, Bury St. Edmund._ 1471.
Harl. M.S. 4626.

_Cambridge Guilds, Notes on._ Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 5813.

_Cambridge Guild Records_, ed. Mary Bateson (Cambridge Antiq. Soc.).

_English Gilds._ ed. Toulmin Smith (E. English Text Soc.). 1870.

Gross, Charles, _Gild Merchant_. 1890.

Gross, Charles, _Bibliography of British Municipal History, including
Gilds, etc._ 1897.

E. B. Jupp, _Company of Carpenters_. 2nd edition. 1887.

_Pynner Guild, London_ (1464). Brit. MS. Eg. MS. 1142.

_Vintners’ Company_, temp. Hen. VIII. Brit. Mus. Eg. MS. 1143.

Ludlow.--_Palmers’ Gild_ (in _Shropshire Archæol. Soc._, i. pp. 333
_seqq._).

_Sleaford Guild Accounts_ (1477-1545). Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 28,533.

_Norfolk Guild Certificates_ (ed. W. Rye for _Norfolk, etc._,
_Archæol. Soc._, xi. 105-36. 1892).

Ed. Smirke, _Ancient Ordinances of the Gild Merchant of Southampton_
(_Archæol. Journal_, xvi. 283-96, and 343-82. 1859).

_Stamford, Annals of_ (in _Peck’s Antiq._, Bk. xii. pp. 18-20).

_The Towneley Mysteries._ (Surtees Soc. 1836.)

York, _Reg. of Guild of Corpus Christi_. ed. Surtees Soc. 1872.

York, _Corpus Christi Guild Register_. Brit. Mus. Lansd. MS. 403.

_Extracts from the Municipal Records of the City of York._ R. Davis.
Appendix.

RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION AND PREACHING

_Confession, Forms of._ Harl. MS. 172 (ff. 11-19); Add. MS. 15,239 (f.
88 _seqq._); Harl. MS. 985; 7641; 1845; 6041 (f. 97 _seqq._); Sloane
MS. 774.

_De Confessione, Tractatus._ Mag. Willi. de Montibus, Brit. Mus. Cott.
MS. Vesp. D. xiii. (f. 115 _seq._).

_De Missis Celebrandis._ Brit. Mus. Cott. MS. Nero A. iii. (f. 131-57).

_Dives et Pauper._ Harl. MS. 149; MS. Reg. 17 c. xx. and 17 c. xxi.
Printed by Wynkyn de Worde, 1496; Pynson, 1493; and by Berthelet,
1536.

_Excommunications._ Brit. Mus. Harl. MS. 1307, f. 436. Cf. Harl. MS.
2399; Ar. MS. 130; Cott. MS. Claud. A. 11. Printed by W. de Worde in
Lands. MS. 379.

_Explanation of Commandments, etc._ Add. MS. 27,592.

_Expositio S. Jeronomi in Symbolum Apostolorum._ Printed by Roode,
1468.

_For Parish Priests._ Harl. MS. 4172 (written 1426, _vide_ f. 62 d).

_Fratris Laurentii Gulielmi de Savona Margarita Eloquentiæ._ Printed
by Caxton, 1479-80.

_Langforde’s Meditacyons for ye tyme of Mass._ Bib. Bodl. MS. Wood. 9.

John Myrc, _Instructions for Parish Priests_. Brit. Mus. Claud. A. ii.
ed. E. Peacock (E. English Text Soc.). 1868.

_Pœniteas cito._ A practical work on Confession, printed by Wynkyn de
Worde in 1510 and again in 1520. Well known abroad; Quentell issued
six editions.

_Sermones Michælis de Ungaria._ 1510.

_Speculum Christiani._ John Watton. Harl. MS. 206; 2250. Lansd. MS.
344; Add. MSS. 21,202; 22,121; 10,052; 15,237. Cf. also MSS. Reg.
8 E. v. and 9 D. xv. Printed four times before 1513.

_Speculum Christianorum._ Ushaw Coll. Lib.

_Speculum Peccatorum_, or “The Glasse for a Sinner.” Harl. MS. 3363
(ff. 59-64); MS. Reg. 8 F. vii. f. 24d.

_Speculum Penitentis_, by W. de Montibus. Cott. MS. Vesp. D. xiii.
(ff. 60-67).

_Summa Magistri Alani._ Brit. Mus. Cott. MS. Vesp. D. xiii. (ff.
67d-100).

_Tabula Fidei Christiani._ Brief statement for priests. Add. MS.
15,237 (ff. 9-54).

_Tabular Instructions._ Harl. MS. 1648.

MISCELLANEOUS

Wilkins’ _Concilia_.

_Lay Folks Mass Book._ ed. T. F. Simmons for E. Eng. Text Soc. 1879.

Lyndwood’s _Provinciale._

_Deed of Induction to a Benefice._ Harl. Ch. 44 c. 35.

_Valor Ecclesiasticus._

The _Lay Folks Catechism_ (E. Eng. Text Soc.). 1901.

Rock’s _Church of our Fathers_.

_The Prymer or Lay Folks Prayer Book_ (ed. H. Littlehales for E. Eng.
Text Soc.). 1897.

J. S. Burn, _History of Henley-on-Thames_, 1861 (particularly Chapter
V.).

H. Swinden, _History of Great Yarmouth_ (sect. xxii., St. Nicholas’
Church).

_Testamenta Eboracensia_ (Surtees Soc.). 6 vols.

_Chester Wills_ (copies). Brit. Mus. Harl. MS. 2067.

_Calendar of Wills in the Court of Hustings London._ ed. R. R. Sharpe.

_Fifty Earliest English Wills_ (E. Eng. Text Soc.). 1882.

_Wills and Inventories of Northern Counties._ 2 pts. (Surtees Soc.).

_Calendar of Wills._ Worcester, ed. E. A. Fry (Worc. Hist. Soc.).

Manship, _Hist. of Great Yarmouth_, ii. p. 114 _seqq._

J. J. Raven, _The Church Bells of Suffolk_.

W. A. Scott-Robertson, _Mediæval Folkestone_. 1876.

J. Gardner, _Hist. Account of Dunwich, Blithburg, and Southwold_. 1754.

A. Gibbons, _Early Lincoln Wills_, 1888.

C. Bailey, _Transcripts from Municipal Archives of Winchester_ (p. 66,
The Corpus Christi Procession).

_The Babees Book_ (ed. F. J. Furnivall for E. Eng. Text Soc.). 1868.

R. Whytforde, _A Werke for Housholders_. 1533.

Archbishop Hamilton, _The Catechism_.

T. C. Smith, _Records of Preston Parish and Amounderness_.

C. Atchley, _The Parish Clerk_.

Dr. Jessopp, _Parish Life in England before the Great Pillage_ (two
articles in _The Nineteenth Century_, January and March, 1898).

J. J. Wilkinson, _Receipts and Expenses in building Bodmin Church_.
1469-1472 (Camden Soc. Misc. vi. 1874).

_English Prayers_, printed (Sarum Horæ, 1527; B. Mus. c. 35, h. 9).

_The Prymer in English._ 1538.

Chr. Wordsworth, _Notes on Mediæval Services in England_. 1898.

_Parish Clerk, Duties of_ (_vide_ in _Clifton Antiq. Club_, i. 143).

_The Clerk’s Book of 1549._ ed. J. Wickham Legg (H. Bradshaw Soc. vol.
xxv.).

T. Sharp, _Illustrations of the History of Holy Trinity Church,
Coventry_. 1818.

James Christie, _Some Account of Parish Clerks_. 1893.

O. J. Reichel, _The Rise of the Parochial System in England_. 1905.

H. W. Clarke, _The History of Tithes_. 1887.

H. Grove, _Alienated Tithes_. 1896.

Lupset, T., _Exhortation to Younge Men_. 1535.

PARISH LIFE IN MEDIÆVAL ENGLAND