Chapter XXII: Last Days (2)

Henry, Patrick, his birth, 2;
ancestry and relatives, 2-5;
education, 5, 6;
apprenticed at fifteen to a tradesman, 6;
fails in business with his brother, 6;
marries Sarah Skelton, 7;
established as planter by relative and fails, 7;
again tries store-keeping and fails, 8;
not cast down by embarrassments, 8, 9;
decides to study law, 9;
discussion of his alleged illiteracy, 10-19;
his pronunciation, 10, 11;
habits of self-depreciation, 11, 12;
his teachers, 13, 15;
knowledge of Latin and Greek, 13, 15;
mastery of language, 13;
signs of culture in his letters, 14;
anecdotes illustrating his knowledge of Latin, 16, 17;
his taste for reading, 18;
fondness for history, 19;
liking for Butler's "Analogy" and the Bible, 20;
his natural qualifications for the law, 21;
studies law, 22;
goes to Williamsburg to be examined, 22;
Jefferson's stories of his difficulties in passing examination, 23;
his own statement, 24, 25;
returns to Hanover to practice law, 25;
lives in his father-in-law's tavern, 26;
not a "barkeeper," 26;
not dependent on his father-in-law, 27;
stories of his lack of practice, 27;
their falsity shown by record of his numerous cases, 27, 28;
statements by Wirt and Jefferson as to his ignorance, 29, 30;
their impossibility, 31, 32, 34;
proof of technical character of his practice, 32;
his legal genius, 34;
becomes celebrated through "Parsons' Cause," 36;
undertakes to defend vestrymen in suit for damages, 46;
insists on acceptance of a jury of common people, 47;
description of his speech by Wirt, 49-52;
its overwhelming effect, 51, 52;
description by Maury, 53, 54;
denies royal authority to annul colonial laws, 54;
apologizes to Maury, 55, 57;
not really an enemy of the clergy, 56, 57;
his geniality, 58;
popularity with the masses in Virginia, 59;
gains great reputation and increased practice, 60;
goes to Williamsburg as counsel in contested election case, 60;
despised by committee on account of appearance, 61;
his speech, 61.
_Member of Virginia Legislature._
Elected representative from Louisa County, 62;
attacks in his first speech a project for a corrupt loan office, 64;
introduces resolutions against Stamp Act, 69;
his fiery speeches in their behalf, 72, 73;
after their passage leaves for home, 74;
neglects to preserve records of his career, 77;
the exception his care to record authorship of Virginia resolutions,
78;
leaves a sealed account together with his will, 83, 84, 85;
doubts as to his authorship, 84, note;
condemned in Virginia by the officials, 86;
denounced by Governor Fauquier, 86;
and by Commissary Robinson, 86, 87;
begins to be known in other colonies, 88;
gains immediate popularity in Virginia, 88, 89;
becomes political leader, 90;
his large law practice, 91, 92;
buys an estate, 91;
his great success in admiralty case, 93;
succeeds to practice of R. C. Nicholas, 93, 94;
evidence of high legal attainments, 94;
leads radical party in politics, 95;
his great activity, 96;
member of Committee of Correspondence, 96;
leads deliberations of Burgesses over Boston Port Bill, 98;
appointed delegate to Continental Congress, 99;
member of convention of county delegates, 100.
_Member of Continental Congress._
His journey to Philadelphia, 100, 101;
his oratory heralded by associates, 101;
described by Atkinson, 102;
speaks in favor of committee to settle method of voting, 110;
protests against small colonies having equal vote with large, 111;
urges that old constitutions are abolished, 112;
wishes proportional representation, excluding slaves, 112;
his speech not that of a mere rhetorician, 113, 114;
on committee on colonial trade and manufactures, 114;
opposes Galloway's plan, 116;
expects war, 116;
wishes non-intercourse postponed, 117;
on committee to prepare address to the king, 117;
his share in its composition, 117, 118;
on committee to declare rights of colonies, 118;
his practical ability not so extraordinary as his oratory, 119;
misrepresented as a mere declaimer, 120;
mythical account by Wirt of an impressive speech, 120-121;
asserted also to be author of rejected draft of address to the king,
122;
and to be cast in the shade by more practical men, 122;
this passage a slander due to Jefferson, 123;
not considered a mere talker by associates, 124;
high tribute to his practical ability by John Adams, 124, 125;
agrees with Adams that war must come, 125;
allusion of his mother to him in 1774, 126;
fame of his speech for arming Virginia militia, 128;
danger of an overestimate, 129;
in Virginia convention offers resolutions to prepare for war, 134;
opposed by his political rivals, 137;
and by all who dreaded an open rupture, 138, 139;
his speech, 140-145;
description of Henry's manner by St. George Tucker, 143;
by Randall, 146;
by John Roane, 146-149;
question as to its authenticity, 149-151;
chairman of committee for arming militia, 151;
also on committees on public lands and on encouragement of
manufactures, 151, 152;
his possible expectations of a military career, 155;
summary of his military beginnings, 155, 156;
disgusted at failure of militia to resist Governor Dunmore's
seizure of gunpowder, 158;
wishes to emphasize situation by defying governor, 158;
rallies county militia and marches against him, 159;
receives protests from conservatives, 160;
reinforced by thousands, 160;
secures money compensation for gunpowder, 160;
gives receipt for it, 161;
offers to protect colonial treasurer, 161;
rebuffed by him, 162;
denounced in proclamation by Dunmore, 162, 163;
condemned by conservatives, 164;
thanked and applauded by county conventions, 164-166;
returns to Continental Congress, 166;
escorted by volunteer guard, 167;
said by Jefferson to have been insignificant in Congress, 168, 169;
falsity of his assertions, 169, 170;
their lack of probability, 171;
his activity proved by records of Congress, 172-175;
interested in Indian relations, 172;
on committees requiring business intelligence, 172, 173;
commissioner to treat with Indians, 174;
on committee to secure lead and salt, 174;
asks Washington to let a Virginian serve in army for sake of
acquiring military training, 175;
returns to Virginia, 176.
_Political Leader in Virginia._
Resumes services in Virginia convention, 176;
purchases powder for colony, 176;
thanked by convention, 176;
appointed commander-in-chief of Virginia forces, 177;
his authority limited by convention and Committee of Safety, 177;
organizes troops, 178;
not permitted to lead attack on Dunmore, 180;
ignored by nominal subordinates, 180;
practically superseded by Colonel Howe of North Carolina, 180;
appointed colonel of a Virginia regiment, 181;
resigns, 181;
indignation of his officers and soldiers, 181-182;
persuades soldiers not to mutiny, 183;
again receives an address from officers of his own and other
regiments, 183, 184;
his military ability doubted by Committee of Safety, 185;
by Washington and others, 186;
lack of definiteness in criticisms, 186;
real defect seems to have been lack of discipline, 187;
never given a real chance to show his abilities, 188;
saddened by wife's death, 189;
reëlected to Virginia convention, 190;
his followers oppose Pendleton for president, 191;
serves on all important committees, 192, 193;
presents numerous reports, 193;
eager for independence, 193;
but wishes first a colonial union and a foreign alliance, 194;
letter of Charles Lee to, on the subject, 194-196;
influences convention to instruct delegates to advocate all three
things, 197;
advocates colonial union and French alliance in letters to Lee and
Adams, 198;
willing to offer free trade, 199;
on committee to draft declaration of rights and plan of government,
200;
leads party advocating a democratic constitution, 201;
complains of lack of assistance, 203;
fears aristocratic tendencies of committee, 203, 204-206;
thanks John Adams for his pamphlet, 205;
hearty letter of Adams in reply, 206, 207;
writes fifteenth and sixteenth articles of Virginia bill of rights,
208;
elected governor of State, 211;
his letter of acceptance, 212-213;
takes oath of office and occupies Dunmore's palace, 214;
congratulated by his old troops, 214, 215;
by Charles Lee, 215;
by the Baptists of Virginia, 216, 217;
his reply to the latter, 217;
suffers from illness, 218;
moves family from Hanover to Williamsburg, 219;
seeks to maintain dignity of office, 219, 220;
continues in ill-health but resumes duties of office, 220;
receives letter from Washington advising preparations for defense,
221;
his activity in military preparations, 222;
sneered at by his enemies, 222, 223;
alleged by Jefferson to have planned a "dictatorship," 223-225;
doubted by Wirt, 226;
real meaning of the term at that time only extraordinary power,
227-229;
authorized by legislature in 1776 to exercise military powers in
emergency, 231, 232;
utter baselessness of Jefferson's charges against, 233;
has continued confidence of Assembly, 234;
reëlected governor, 234;
issues proclamation urging Virginians to volunteer, 235;
labors to keep Virginia troops in field, 236;
sends a secret messenger to Washington for exact information, 236;
explains to Washington the difficulties of raising troops in
Virginia, 237, 238;
second letter accepting governorship, 239;
marries Dorothea Dandridge, 241;
his labors in trying to furnish supplies, 241;
great official correspondence, 241, 242;
his aid desired by Conway cabal, 243;
receives an anonymous letter against Washington, 243-245;
sends it to Washington with a warning, 245, 246;
sends second letter assuring him of his confidence, 247;
replies of Washington to, 248-250;
his strong friendship with Washington, 251, 252;
its significance in his later career, 251;
warns R. H. Lee of prejudices against him in Virginia, 252, 253;
despairs of public spirit in Virginia, 254;
urges adherence to French alliance and rejection of North's peace
offers, 255;
twice receives extraordinary powers in 1777, 256;
reëlected to a third term, 256; his reply, 256;
reports the success of George R. Clark's expedition, 258-260;
again receives extraordinary powers, 260;
writes to president of Congress concerning military situation,
260-262;
foresees shifting of British attack to Virginia, 262;
reports situation to Washington, 263;
reports Matthews's raid to Congress, 264-267;
issues a proclamation to warn State, 266;
declines reëlection on ground of unconstitutionality, 268;
complimented by General Assembly, his reply, 268;
his administration sneered at by Tucker, 269;
complimented by Washington, 269, 270;
declines election to Congress, 271;
retires to his estate, Leatherwood, 272;
remains in retirement a year, 272;
writes despondent letter to Jefferson, 273-275;
chosen to General Assembly, 275;
at once assumes leadership, 275;
overwhelmed by committee work, 276;
again in later session, 276-278;
introduces resolutions to console Gates after Camden, 277;
introduces resolution authorizing governor to convene legislature
elsewhere in case of invasion, 278;
his flight with legislature from Tarleton's raid, 281;
ludicrous anecdotes of popular surprise at his flight, 282-284;
said by Jefferson to have been again considered for a dictatorship,
285;
contrary evidence, 286, 287;
his further labors in sessions of 1782, 1783, 1784, 287;
again elected governor, 288;
difficulty of estimating his labors in legislature, 288;
favors rescinding of measures against Tories after war, 289;
his speech in their behalf, 290, 291;
urges economic benefits of their return, 291;
presents bill repealing acts against British goods, 292;
advocates free trade, 292;
wishes to solve Indian problem by encouraging intermarriage, 292,
293;
almost succeeds in carrying bill to that effect, 293;
antagonizes popular opinion in the foregoing projects, and also in
religious liberality, 294;
his amazing mastery over the House, 294, 295;
his appearance in legislature described by Roane, 295-297;
more practical than Madison, 296;
superior to Madison and Lee in debate, 296;
death of his mother, 299;
brings his family from Leatherwood to Salisbury, 299;
his showy style of living, 300;
letter to Washington, 301;
urges him to accept shares in James and Potomac navigation companies,
302;
declines a third term and retires, 302;
publicly thanked by delegates, 302;
resumes practice of law in Prince Edward County, 303;
returns to Assembly until 1790, 303;
continues popular leader, 303.
_Opponent of the Federal Constitution._
His relation to the Constitution not understood, 298;
not an extreme advocate of state rights, 303;
an early advocate of a central authority, 304;
supports in the main the policy of strengthening the federal
government, 305;
proposes to Madison to "invigorate" the government, 305;
considered by Madison a "champion of the federal cause" until 1787,
306;
learns of Jay's offer to surrender navigation of Mississippi, 307;
elected a delegate to the federal convention, 309;
refuses, because of the Mississippi scheme, to attend, 310, 311;
anxiety over his refusal, 311, 312;
receives appeal from Washington in behalf of Constitution, 313;
replies stating his disapproval, 313;
fears expressed that he would prevent calling of a state convention,
314;
but considers one necessary, 315;
labors to turn public opinion against the Constitution, 315, 316;
said to favor disunion, 317;
his political methods censured by President Smith, 317;
leads opposition to Constitution in the convention, 320;
his great activity in debate, 321;
great ability of his arguments, 321;
not, in the convention at least, a disunionist, 322, 323;
willing to admit defects in Confederation, 323;
objects that a new Constitution was beyond powers of federal
convention, 324;
further holds that state sovereignty is threatened, 324;
objects that the individual is protected by no bill of rights, 325,
326;
dreads implied powers, 327;
criticises the proposed government, 327;
considers the executive dangerous, 328, 329;
fears danger to popular liberties, 329;
wishes to submit matter to a new convention, 330;
failing that, wishes it postponed until a bill of rights be added,
331;
foreseeing defeat, he promises submission to majority, 332;
effectiveness of his eloquence, 333, 334;
his unwillingness to debate regularly, 334;
provokes Randolph into accusing him of unparliamentary behavior, 335;
taunted by Stephen and others as a mere declaimer, 335;
the variety and effectiveness of his arguments, 335, 336;
episode of his speech in the thunder-storm, 336-338;
fears amendments cannot be adopted, 341;
begins a campaign for them, 341, 342;
urges formation of societies to agitate for a bill of rights, 342,
343;
suspected by Madison of purpose to revoke ratification or block
action of Congress, 343, 344;
satisfaction produced by his announcement of submission, 344;
enters with zeal into plan for a second convention, 345;
gains complete control of Virginia Assembly, 346;
causes passage of resolutions asking Congress to call a national
convention, 346;
threatens to fight government unless amendments are adopted, 347;
condemned bitterly by Federalists, 347;
wishes to control Virginia delegation to Congress, 350;
prevents choice of Madison and dictates election of R. H. Lee and
Grayson as senators, 350;
his followers gerrymander the congressional districts, 351;
retires from the legislature, 352;
bitter comments on his action, 353;
fails to prevent election of Madison, 354;
probable effect of his action in leading Congress itself to propose
amendments, 355;
virtual success of his policy, 355, 356.
_In Retirement._
Resumes practice of law, 357;
driven to it by debt, 357, 358;
prematurely old at fifty, 358;
in eight years succeeds in gaining wealth enough to retire, 358;
great demand for his services, 359;
his part in the British debts case, 359-367;
associated with Marshall, Campbell, and Innes, 360;
his laborious preparations for the trial, 361;
masters subject completely, 362;
description of his plea before the district court, 363;
description of his second plea in same case, 1793, 364-366;
complimented by Justice Iredell for ability of argument, 366, 367;
his even greater effectiveness in criminal cases, 367;
analysis by Wirt of his methods, 368;
another description of his eloquence by A. Alexander, 369-371;
description by Alexander of his part in a murder case, 371-375;
another murder case described by Roane, 375-378;
also his ability in the comic line, 377;
description of his powers in another murder trial by Conrad Speece,
378-381;
retires permanently in 1794, 382;
lives at Long Island, and eventually settles at Red Hill, 382;
his successful investments, 383;
not rich through dishonorable means as suggested by Jefferson, 383;
his life at Red Hill, 384-395;
happy relations with his family, 384;
calmness of temper, 385;
unruffled by scurrilous attacks, 385, 386;
his advocacy of temperance, 386;
tries to introduce a substitute for wine, 386;
his dislike of tobacco, 387;
his elocutionary manner of directing negroes in the morning, 387;
his ownership of slaves and dislike of slavery, 388;
advocates emancipation, 389;
his hospitality, 389;
his modesty, 390;
tendency to plume himself on wealth, 390;
assists in education of children, 391;
his enjoyment of religious writings and sacred music, 391;
his religious character and habits, 391;
a member of the Episcopal Church, 392;
his anger at being called an infidel, 392;
alarmed at French skepticism, 393;
causes Butler's "Analogy" and other books to be distributed, 394;
writes a reply to Paine's "Age of Reason," but causes it to be
destroyed, 394, 395;
inserts an affirmation of his faith in his will, 395;
continues to take interest in current events, 395;
satisfied with the Constitution after the ten amendments, 396;
but finds it hard to approve at once the Federalist government, 397;
dislikes Hamilton's financial measures, 397;
gradually drawn toward Federalists and away from Jeffersonians, 398;
testimony of Iredell to his liberality, 398;
declines appointment as United States senator, 398;
believes that Washington considers him an enemy, 399;
reconciled to Washington by Henry Lee, 399;
his letter to Lee, 400, 401;
dislikes democratic societies, 401;
offered position as secretary of state, 402;
declines it, 402;
receives from Washington through Lee an offer of chief justiceship,
402, 403;
Washington's anxiety for his acceptance, 403;
declines it, 404; considered by Federalists for vice-presidency, 404;
sneered at by Jefferson, 404;
denies that he has changed opinions, 405;
dislikes Jay treaty, but condemns attempt of House to participate in
treaty power, 405;
elected governor of Virginia, declines, 406;
asked to express his opinion on political situation in 1799, 408;
believes that Jefferson's party plans disunion, 409;
alarmed at French Revolution, 409;
especially at infidelity, 410;
compliments Marshall's bearing in France, and wishes his election to
Congress, 410, 411;
urges American national feeling, 410;
declines Adams's nomination as minister to France, 412;
but expresses his sympathy with him, 412;
appealed to by Washington to come forward against the Democrats, 413,
414;
comes out from retirement as candidate for legislature, 415;
great public interest, 415;
description of his last speech, 416-419;
dissuades from resistance to the government, 417;
denies the power of a State to decide on federal laws, 418;
urges harmony and use of constitutional means of redress, 418, 419;
his meeting with John Randolph, 420;
elected by a great majority, 420;
returns home, 421;
his last illness and death, 421-423.
_Characteristics._
Absence of self-consciousness, 77;
abstemiousness, 386, 387;
audacity, 64, 69, 294;
business inefficiency, 6, 7, 8, 388;
early fondness for the woods, 5, 29, 30;
education, 6, 10, 13-17, 122;
eloquence, 48-52, 61, 64, 72, 93, 98, 115, 128, 140-151, 159, 295,
297, 333-338, 363, 365, 368-381, 418;
friendships, 251, 252, 273, 399;
geniality and kindliness, 57, 58, 117, 220, 277, 332, 385, 398,
399-401;
high spirits, 8, 9, 18, 76;
honor, 245, 251;
indolence in youth, 5, 6, 29;
influence with the people, 59, 60, 88, 89, 102, 160, 164-167,
181-184, 282-284, 316, 346, 415, 420;
keenness and quickness, 21, 33, 34;
legal ability, 24, 25, 29, 33, 92, 93, 94, 359-381;
military ability, 155, 185-188;
modesty, 212, 239;
not a mere declaimer, 98, 113, 119-125, 169, 321;
personal appearance, 220, 296, 300, 364, 416;
political sense, 109, 110, 117, 124, 125, 158, 195, 245, 258,
289-291;
practical ability, 30, 172-175, 192-193, 241, 242, 260-270, 275;
reading habits, 18, 19, 391;
religious views, 20, 56, 126, 208, 218, 389-395, 422, 423;
rusticity in early life, 10, 61;
self-depreciation, 11, 12;
simplicity of manners, 220, 379, 384;
unfriendly views of, 222, 269, 396.
See Jefferson, Thomas.
_Political Opinions._
Amendments to the Constitution, 340-349, 355;
bill of rights, 327;
church establishment, 53, 208-210;
colonial union, 116, 193-199;
Democratic party, 409;
democracy, 201, 204;
disunion, 317, 323, 409;
executive power, 328, 329;
federal Constitution, 313, 323-331, 405, 418;
French alliance, 193-199, 254, 255;
French Revolution, 409;
free trade, 291, 292;
gerrymandering, 351;
independence of colonies, 193 ff.;
Indians, 172, 173, 258, 292, 293;
Jay treaty, 405;
Mississippi navigation, 309-311;
necessity for central authority, 304-306, 322;
not connected with plan for a dictatorship, 224-229, 233, 234,
286, 287;
nullification, 417, 418;
power of crown to annul a colonial law, 53;
power of Parliament over colonies, 69-71, 95;
resistance to England, 125, 140-145;
slavery, 388, 389;
state rights, 323 ff.;
theory that colonies are dissolved by revolution, 111, 112;
Tories, 289-291;
treaty power, 405;
Virginia state Constitution, 201-206.

Henry, Rev. Patrick, uncle of Patrick Henry, helps in his education, 6;
a good classical scholar, 13, 15;
persuaded by Henry not to be present at Parsons' Cause, 57.

Henry, William, elder brother of Patrick Henry, becomes his partner in
trade, 6.

Henry, William Wirt, on difficulty of reconciling Jefferson's statements
regarding Henry's ignorance of law with his large practice, 33;
on baselessness of Jefferson's dictatorship story, 233.

Herkimer, his defeat by St. Leger, 240.

Holland, ----, defended by Henry on charge of murder, 376, 377.

Holt, James, on committee of Virginia convention, 152.

Hopkins, Stephen, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress, 105;
a member, 108;
in second Continental Congress, 175.

Howe, General Robert, commands North Carolina and Virginia troops and
ignores Henry, 180.

Howe, General Sir William, letter of Dunmore to, describing military
operations in Virginia, 178;
his sluggishness in 1777, 236;
his movements in that year, 240, 241;
his capture of Philadelphia, 243.

Independence, brought unavoidably before country in 1776, 190, 193;
sentiment in Virginia convention in favor of, 193;
its postponement wished by Henry until a colonial union and foreign
alliances be formed, 194;
letter of Charles Lee urging its immediate declaration, 194.

Indians, troubles with in Virginia in 1774, 126, 131;
negotiations with in Continental Congress, 171, 172, 173, 174;
in Virginia convention, 192;
expedition of G. R. Clark against, 258-260, 263;
dealings with Southwestern Indians, 263;
proposals of Henry to encourage intermarriage with, 292, 293.

Innes, James, receives a speech of Henry to his constituents from
Rev. J. B. Smith, 317;
favors ratification of federal Constitution, 320;
with Henry in British debts case, 360.

Iredell, Judge James, tries British debts case, 364;
describes eagerness to hear Henry, 364;
effect of Henry's oratory upon, 365;
compliments him in opinion, 366;
won over from dislike of Henry by his moderation and liberality, 398.

Jay, John, member of first Continental Congress, 108;
opposes Henry's proposal to frame a new Constitution, 112;
favors Galloway's plan of reconciliation, 115;
as likely as Henry to be a good fighter, 188;
but inferior to him in not offering, 188;
proposes to Congress to surrender navigation of Mississippi, 307;
as chief justice, tries British debts case, 364;
points out Henry to Iredell as the "greatest of orators," 364;
affected by Henry's oratory, 365;
converses with him on politics, 398.

Jay treaty, condemned by Henry, 405.

Jefferson, Thomas, meets Patrick Henry, 8;
describes his hilarity, 9;
his vulgar pronunciation, 10;
calls him illiterate, 12;
yet admits his mastery over language, 13;
at Williamsburg when Henry comes for his bar examination, 22;
his stories of Henry's examination, 23;
says Henry was a barkeeper, 26;
describes him as ignorant of the law and inefficient, 29, 30;
comparison of his legal business with Henry's, 31;
baselessness of his imputations, 32, 33;
describes Henry's maiden speech in legislature against "loan office,"
64;
present at debate over Virginia resolutions, 73, 74;
his conflicting statements for and against Henry's authorship of the
resolves, 84, note;
describes Henry's attainment to leadership, 88;
prominent member of bar, 93;
declines offer of practice of R. C. Nicholas, 94;
asserts that Henry was totally ignorant of law, 94;
with radical group in politics, 95;
furnishes Wirt with statements of Henry's insignificance in Congress,
123;
induces Wirt not to mention his name, 123;
admits Henry's leadership in Virginia, 139;
on committee for arming militia, 151;
on other committees, 152;
says that Henry committed the first overt act of war in Virginia, 155;
says Henry was a silent member of second Continental Congress and glad
to leave, 168, 169;
errors of fact in his statement, 169, 170;
appears as delegate to second Continental Congress, 173;
returns to Virginia convention, 176;
favors a democratic Constitution, 202;
describes plan to establish a dictatorship in Virginia, 224;
intimates that Henry was the proposed tyrant, 225;
induces Girardin to state fact in "History of Virginia," 225;
furnishes the story to Wirt, 226;
unhistorical character of his narrative, 227-229;
himself the recipient as governor of extraordinary powers from
legislature, 228;
probably invents the whole story, 233;
makes no opposition to subsequent reëlections of Henry, 235;
his later dislike of Henry, 251;
on committee to notify Henry of his second reëlection as governor, 256;
elected governor, 268;
fears of Tucker as to his energy, 269;
continues on friendly terms with Henry while governor, 273;
despondent letter of Henry to, on political decay, 273-275;
reëlected, 276;
his flight from Tarleton, 285;
his story of second plan to make Henry dictator, 285;
unhistorical character of the story, 285-287;
his statement flatly contradicted by Edmund Randolph, 286;
told by Madison of Henry's desire to strengthen central government,
305;
and of Virginian opposition to abandoning Mississippi navigation,
307, 308, 311;
informed by Madison of opposition to Constitution in Virginia, 315,
316, 345;
not in Virginia ratifying Convention, 319;
opposes new constitution, 319;
thinks it dangerous to liberty, 330;
letter from Madison to, explaining his defeat for senator, 351;
charges Henry with paying debts in worthless paper, and with
connection with the Yazoo scheme, 383;
forms opposition party to Washington, 397;
sneers at Federalist advances to Henry, 404;
secures his election as governor of Virginia, 406;
his letter to Mazzei published, 407;
writes Kentucky resolutions, 408.

Jenyns, Soame, his "View of the Internal Evidence of Christianity,"
printed by Henry for private distribution, 394.

Johnson, Thomas, on committee of Continental Congress to prepare address
to the king, 117;
opposes Pendleton for president of Virginia convention, 191.

Johnston, George, aids Henry in introducing Virginia Resolves, 69, 72;
said by Jefferson to have written them, 84, note.

Johnstone, Governor George, his membership of North's peace commission
a surprise to Henry, 255.

Jones, Allen, confers with Henry over weakness of Confederation, 305,
306.

Jones, William, plaintiff in British debts case, 360.

Jouette, Captain John, warns Virginia legislature of Tarleton's
approach, 280, 281.

Kentucky resolutions written by Jefferson, 408.

King, address to the, in Continental Congress, 117, 118;
its authorship wrongly accredited to Henry, 118, 122.

Kirkland, Rev. Samuel, urged by Continental Congress to secure
neutrality of the Six Nations, 174.

Lamb, General John, letter from Henry to, on Virginia opposition to
Constitution, 342.

Langdon, John, on gunpowder and salt committee of the second Continental
Congress, 175.

Lear, Tobias, describes Henry's control of Virginia politics in 1788,
353.

Lee, Arthur, letter of Marshall to, 311.

Lee, General Charles, describes military preparations of colonies in
1774, and predicts war, 130, 131;
envied by Adams on his departure to command colonial army, 154;
appointed by Congress major-general, 172;
special difficulties of his situation, 173;
tells Washington that Virginia is ready for independence, 193;
eager for independence, 194;
urges its immediate declaration upon Henry, 194-196;
congratulates Henry on his election as governor, 215;
ridicules popular fondness for titles, 215, 216;
praised in anonymous letter to Henry, 244.

Lee, Henry, in Virginia convention of 1776, 190;
on committee to draft bill of rights and state Constitution, 200;
on committee to notify Henry of election as governor, 212;
favors ratification of federal Constitution, 320;
appoints Henry United States senator in 1794, 398;
determines to reconcile Washington and Henry, 398;
describes Henry's friendly attitude to Washington, 399;
acts as successful intermediary, 399-403;
offers to Henry, in behalf of Washington, the office of chief justice,
403.

Lee, Richard Henry, on committee to protest against Stamp Act, 66;
leader of radicals in politics, 95;
appointed delegate to Continental Congress, 99;
praised by Virginia delegates as the Cicero of the age, 101;
meets John Adams and is praised by him, 106;
in debate over manner of voting, 112;
on committee to prepare address to king, 117;
author of draft rejected by Congress, 118;
on committee of Virginia convention for organizing militia, 151;
on other committees, 152;
in second Continental Congress, 173;
letter of Pendleton to, describing military situation in Virginia, 178;
in convention of 1776, 190;
urged by Henry to promote French alliance, 198;
favors a democratic constitution, 202;
appealed to for aid by Henry, 204;
supposed to have been won by Conway cabal, 243, 253;
loses popularity in Virginia, 252;
barely succeeds in reëlection to Congress, 253;
consoled by Henry, 253;
warned of decay of public spirit in Virginia, 254;
Henry's only rival in leadership of General Assembly, 275;
compared with Henry by S. Roane, 295-296;
opposes a strong central government, 305;
not a member of Virginia ratifying convention, 319;
opposes ratification of Constitution, 320;
his election as senator dictated by Henry, 350, 353;
turns from Jefferson to support of Washington, 398.

Lee, Thomas Ludwell, suggested as messenger by Henry, 205.

Legislature of Virginia, first appearance of Henry before Burgesses in
election case, 61;
corruption of speaker in, 63;
motion for a "loan office" in, defeated by Henry, 64;
protests against proposed Stamp Act, 65;
doubts among members as to course after its passage, 66-68;
deliberates on Stamp Act, 68;
introduction of Henry's resolutions, 69;
opposition of old leaders, 69, 71;
debate in, 71-74;
passes, then amends resolutions, 74, 75;
deplores Boston Port Bill, 97;
dissolved by Governor Dunmore, 97;
its members call for a Continental Congress, 98;
recommend a colonial convention, 99;
which meets, 99;
appoints delegates to first Continental Congress, 99, 100;
adjourns, 100;
second convention meets, 134;
its determination to prepare for war, 135;
causes for objections to Henry's resolutions to arm militia, 136-139;
adopts his resolutions to arm militia, and prepares for war, 151, 152;
return of Virginia congressional delegates to, 176;
thanks them, 176;
appoints Henry commander-in-chief with limited powers, 177;
meets at Williamsburg, 190;
its able membership, 190;
struggle for presidency between Pendleton's and Henry's factions, 191;
committees and business transacted by, 192, 193;
sentiment in, said to favor independence, 193;
instructs delegates to Congress to propose independence, foreign
alliance, and a confederation, 197;
appoints committee to draw up state Constitution and bill of rights,
200;
aristocratic and democratic parties in, 201-207;
adopts declaration of rights, 207-210;
establishes religious liberty, 208, 209;
adopts state Constitution, 210;
its democratic form, 210, 211;
elects Henry governor, 211;
General Assembly holds first session, 220;
said to have planned to make Henry dictator, 223, 224, 226;
confers extraordinary powers on Governors Henry and Jefferson, 228,
231, 233;
adjourns, 232;
no trace of a plot in, as described by Jefferson, 233-235;
reëlects Henry governor, 238, 239;
its sessions during 1777 and 1778, 241;
elects delegates to Congress, 253;
again confers extraordinary powers on Henry, 256;
and reëlects him governor, 256;
again confers on Henry extraordinary powers, 260;
desires to reëlect Henry for fourth term, 267;
on his refusal, elects Jefferson, 268;
passes resolutions complimenting Henry, 268;
elects Henry delegate to Congress, 271;
led by Henry in 1780 and afterwards, 275;
work done by it, 275-278;
reëlects Jefferson, 276;
fears approach of Cornwallis, 278, 279;
its flight from Tarleton, 280-284;
reassembles at Staunton, 284, 285;
elects Thomas Nelson governor, 285;
again said to have planned to make Henry dictator, 285;
contrary evidence, 286, 287;
subsequent sessions of, 287-288;
its scanty reports, 288;
mastery of Henry over, 294-297;
passes bill to prevent speculation in soldiers' certificates, 295;
again elects Henry governor, 298;
offers Washington shares in canal companies, 300;
publicly thanks Henry on his retirement from governorship, 302;
passes resolutions condemning proposed surrender of Mississippi
navigation, 308;
chooses Henry delegate to constitutional convention, 309;
feared that it will refuse to submit Constitution to a ratifying
convention, 314;
summons a state convention, 316;
dominated by Henry, 346;
asks Congress to call a second convention, 346, 347-350;
elects R. H. Lee and Grayson senators at Henry's dictation, and
rejects Madison, 350, 351;
gerrymanders the State in hopes of defeating Federalists, 351;
unable to assemble a quorum during Henry's speech in British debts
case, 362, 364;
controlled by Jefferson, 406;
elects Henry governor for sixth time in 1796, 406;
passes resolutions condemning alien and sedition laws, 408;
Henry asked by Washington to become a candidate for, 414;
he presents himself, 415;
action of Assembly deplored by him, 417;
its action called unconstitutional, 417, 418.

Leonard, Daniel, describes the effect of the Virginia Resolves in New
England, 82, 83.

Lewis, Andrew, on committee for arming Virginia militia, 151.

Lewis, William, his remark to Henry on the flight of the legislature
from Tarleton, 283.

Lincoln, Benjamin, informed by Washington of Henry's submission to the
Constitution, 344.

Littlepage, James, his seat in Virginia legislature contested by
Dandridge, 61.

Livingston, Philip, member of first Continental Congress, 108;
of the second, 172, 173;
as likely as Henry to have proved a good fighter, but, unlike him,
never offered, 188.

Livingston, William, member of first Continental Congress, 108.

Lowndes, Rawlins, opposes federal Constitution, 330.

Lynch, Thomas, meets John Adams at Continental Congress, 104, 105;
praised by him, 105;
nominates Peyton Randolph for president, 107;
also Charles Thomson as secretary, 107;
debates question of manner of voting, 112;
member of second Continental Congress, 172.

Lyons, ----, in Parsons' Cause with Henry, 49, 53;
cries "treason" against his speech, 54.

Madison, James, doubts Henry's authorship of Virginia Resolves, 84, note;
member of Virginia convention of 1776, 190;
on committee to draft bill of rights and Constitution, 200;
his slight influence, 204;
introduces bill to check speculation in soldiers' certificates, 295;
describes Henry's eloquent support of the measure, 295;
less practical than Henry, 296;
inferior to him in debate, 296;
confers with Henry and finds him zealous for strengthening federal
government, 305, 306;
predicts intense opposition in South to treaty abandoning Mississippi
navigation, 308;
warns Washington of Henry's change of mind on matter of strengthening
the Confederation, 310;
informed by Randolph of Henry's refusal to attend convention, 310;
comments on his reasons, 311, 312;
informs Jefferson and Randolph of Henry's opposition to the
Constitution, 315, 316;
accuses Henry of wishing disunion, 317;
letter of J. B. Smith to, condemning Henry's methods, 317;
describes elements of opposition to Constitution, 319;
the principal champion of ratification, 320;
his power in debate, 333;
suspects Henry of intention to destroy effect of Constitution, 343,
344;
Washington's letters to on same subject, 346;
defeated for senator through Henry's influence, 351;
his defeat for representative attempted by gerrymandering, 351, 353;
elected nevertheless, 354;
leads House to consider constitutional amendments, 354, 355;
probably led by fear of Henry's opposition, 355;
forms opposition party to Washington, 397;
writes Virginia resolutions, 408.

Madison, Thomas, on Henry's defense of Holland for murder, 376.

Marshall, John, on Henry's determination to have Mississippi navigation
for the South, 311;
favors ratification of federal Constitution, 320;
with Henry in British debts case, 360;
his argument not legally superior to Henry's, 366;
commended for his conduct in France as a candidate for Congress by
Henry, 410, 411.

Martin, Luther, opposes federal Constitution, 330.

Maryland, its convention recommends organization of militia, 132;
its resolutions justifying this action imitated elsewhere, 133.

Mason, George, leader of radicals in Virginia, 95;
his high opinion of Henry's abilities, 98;
in convention of 1776, 190;
on committee to draft bill of rights and Constitution, 200, 204;
favors a democratic government, 202;
author of first fourteen articles of bill of rights, 208;
a devout Episcopalian, 210;
on committee to notify Henry of his election as governor, 212;
opposes ratification of Constitution, 315, 316, 320;
chief assistant of Henry in debate, 320;
agrees to act as chairman of Virginia republican society, 342.

Mason, Thompson, prominent member of Virginia bar, 93;
surpassed by Henry in admiralty case, 93.

Massachusetts, calls for Stamp Act Congress, 80, 81;
enthusiasm in for Virginia resolutions, 81, 82;
prepares for war, 134.

Matthews, General Edward, commands British raid into Virginia, 257,
264, 267.

Maury, Rev. James, wins his case for damages after annulling of option
law, 45;
describes Henry's speech in Parsons' Cause, 52-55.

Mazzei, Philip, publication of Jefferson's letter to, 407.

McIntosh, General Lachan, commander in the Northwest in 1779, 263.

McKean, Thomas, member of first Continental Congress, 108.

Meade, Rt. Rev. William, explains Henry's apology to Maury, 57.

Mercer, James, prominent member of Virginia bar, 93;
on committee of Virginia convention, 152.

Meredith, Samuel, Henry's brother-in-law, describes character of
Henry's mother, 299.

Middleton, Henry, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress,
105, 106;
a member of it, 108.

Mifflin, Thomas, entertains delegates to first Continental Congress,
104, 105, 106, 107;
a member of it, 108;
accompanies Washington to Boston as aide-de-camp, 154;
his connection with the Conway cabal, 247, 250.

Miller, John, describes Henry's last speech, 416.

Mississippi, navigation of, its abandonment proposed by Jay in
Congress, 307;
violent opposition aroused in South to its surrender, 308, 309;
Henry's desire to retain it makes him fear a closer union with
Northern States, 310, 311.

Moffett, Colonel George, flight of legislature from Tarleton to his
farm, 284.

Monroe, James, tells Henry of Jay's proposal to abandon Mississippi
navigation, 307;
says Northern States plan to dismember the union, 307;
opposes ratification of federal Constitution, 320;
helps Henry in debate, 320;
letter of Jefferson to on Henry, 404;
recalled from France, 407.

Murray, William Vans, appointed envoy to France, 412.

Nelson, Hugh, remark of Henry to, 19.

Nelson, Thomas, offers resolution in Virginia convention, instructing
delegates to propose independence, 197;
conveys resolutions to Congress, 198;
defeated for governor by Henry in 1776, 211;
succeeds Jefferson as governor, 285;
opposes ratification of Constitution, 319.

New England, effect of Virginia resolutions in, 80, 82, 88.

Newenham, Sir Edward, sends presents to Washington, 301.

New Jersey, Assembly of, disapproves of Stamp Act Congress, 81.

Newton, Thomas, on committee of Virginia convention, 152.

New York, Virginia Resolves brought to, 80, 82;
ratifies the Constitution conditionally, 345;
sends circular letter proposing call for a second convention, 345;
its effect in Virginia, 345.

Nicholas, George, favors ratification of federal Constitution, 320.

Nicholas, John, supposed author of scurrilous attacks on Henry, 385.

Nicholas, Robert Carter, one of Henry's legal examiners, 23;
opposes Henry's Virginia Resolves, 71;
loses leadership to Henry, 89;
prominent in Virginia bar, 93;
on retiring leaves his practice to Henry, 94;
leader of conservatives, 95;
opposes Henry's motion in Virginia convention to organize militia, 137;
on committee to arm militia, 151;
on other committees, 152;
declines as treasurer Henry's offer of protection, 162;
in convention of 1776, 190;
on committee to draft bill of rights and Constitution, 200;
favors aristocratic government, 201;
alleged to have made motion to appoint a dictator, 286.

North, Lord, sends peace commissioners after Burgoyne's surrender,
241, 254;
protested against by Henry, 255;
their failure and departure, 257.

Oswald, Eleazer, carries proposed constitutional amendments from Henry
to New York, 342, 343.

Page, John, describes Henry's vulgar pronunciation, 10, 11;
a radical in politics, 95;
receives a vote for governor in 1776, 211.

Page, Mann, a radical leader in Virginia, 95;
in convention of 1776, 190;
on committee to frame bill of rights and a constitution, 200.

Paine, Thomas, his "Age of Reason" moves Henry to write a reply, 374.

Parsons' Cause, 36-55;
establishment of church in Virginia, 37;
payment of clergy, 37, 38;
legislation to enforce payment by vestry, 39;
option laws to prevent clergy profiting by high price, 40, 41;
royal veto, 44;
suits brought by clergy for damages, 44, 45;
suit of Maury against Fredericksville parish, 45-55;
selection of an unfair jury, 46, 47;
illegal verdict, 48;
Henry's speech and its effect, 48-52;
comments of Maury, 53-55;
excitement produced by, 58, 60;
reported to England, 86.

Pendleton, Edmund, his pronunciation an example of dialect, 11;
said by Jefferson to have been one of Henry's bar examiners, 23;
on committee to protest against Stamp Act, 66;
believes submission necessary, 67;
opposes Henry's Virginia Resolves, 71;
loses leadership to Henry, 89;
prominent at Virginia bar, 93;
surpassed by Henry in admiralty case, 93;
leader of conservative party, 95;
appointed delegate to Continental Congress, 99;
his journey with Henry and Washington, 101;
described by Atkinson, 102;
in debate on manner of voting, 112;
opposes Henry's motion in Virginia convention to organize militia, 137;
on committee for arming militia, 151;
on other committees, 152;
returns from Congress to Virginia convention, 176;
thanked by Virginia, 176;
at head of Virginia Committee of Safety, describes situation to
R. H. Lee, 178;
explains his objections to Henry's serving in field, 185;
in convention of 1776, 190;
opposed for president by Henry's friends, 191;
drafts resolution instructing delegates in Congress to propose
independence, 197;
favors aristocratic government, 201;
favors ratification of federal Constitution, 320.

Pennsylvania, prepares to resist England by force, 133.

Phillips, General William, commands British force invading Virginia, 278.

Powell, ----, entertains John Adams at first Continental Congress, 105.

Providence, R. I., people of, approve Virginia Resolutions, 82.

Raleigh Tavern, meeting-place of Burgesses after dissolution of
Assembly, 98.

Randall, Henry Stephens, describes at third hand Henry's speech for
organizing militia, 146.

Randolph, Edmund, gives a version of Henry's warning to George III.,
73, note;
says the Virginia Resolves were written by William Fleming, 84, note;
in Virginia convention of 1776, 190;
testimony as to authorship of Virginia resolution favoring
independence, 197;
on committee to frame Constitution, 200;
says Henry drafted two articles of bill of rights, 208;
calls Washington a dictator in 1781, 229;
denies Jefferson's story of a Virginia dictatorship in 1781, 287;
informs Madison of Henry's refusal to go to constitutional convention,
310;
receives Madison's reply, 312;
correspondence with Madison relative to Virginia opposition to
ratification of Constitution, 316;
refuses to sign Constitution and publishes objections, 319;
supports it in the convention, 320;
twitted by Henry, turns on him fiercely, 334, 335.

Randolph, John, his part in Henry's bar examination, 23-26;
leader of bar in Virginia, 43.

Randolph, John, of Roanoke, describes Henry's appearance in British
debts case, 364, 365;
answers Henry's last speech, 419;
Henry's parting advice to, 420.

Randolph, Peyton, attorney-general, his part in Henry's bar
examination, 23;
on committee to protest against Stamp Act, 66;
counsels submission, 67;
opposes Henry's Virginia Resolves, 71;
his anger at their passage, 74;
loses leadership to Henry, 89;
leader of conservatives, 95;
appointed delegate to Continental Congress, 99;
described by Atkinson, 102;
meets John Adams at Continental Congress, 106;
chosen to preside, 107;
assures Virginia troops that gunpowder affair will be satisfactorily
settled, 157.

Read, George, member of first Continental Congress, 108.

Reed, Joseph, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress, 106;
doubts Henry's ability to command in the field, 186.

Religious liberty in Virginia, asserted in sixteenth article of
declaration of rights written by Henry, 208;
hitherto limited, 209;
petition of Baptists for, 209;
proposals of Henry involving, 294.

Revolution, war of, predicted by Henry, 116, 125;
by Hawley and John Adams, 125;
by Dickinson, Charles Lee, 130;
prepared for by Connecticut, 131, 133;
by Rhode Island, 132;
by Maryland, 132;
and other colonies, 133, 134;
by Virginia, 133-152;
considered inevitable by Henry, 138;
events of in 1776, 221;
in 1777, 235, 236;
in 1777 and 1778, 240, 241, 257.

Rhoades, Samuel, at first Continental Congress, 105.

Riddick, Lemuel, on committee of Virginia convention for arming
militia, 151.

Roane, John, describes in detail Henry's delivery of the speech for
arming militia, 146-149;
said to have verified Wirt's version, 150.

Roane, Spencer, on Henry's pronunciation, 11;
meets Henry and R. H. Lee in Virginia Assembly, 295;
considers Henry more practical than Madison, less selfish than Lee,
296;
describes his superiority to Madison in debate, 296;
contrasts him with Lee, 296;
describes his manner, 296, 297;
describes Henry's manner of living as governor, 300;
gives anecdotes illustrating Henry's power as a criminal lawyer,
375-378.

Robertson, David, reports Henry's speeches in Virginia ratifying
convention, 321.

Robertson, William, of Edinburgh University, kinsman of Patrick Henry, 3.

Robertson, Rev. William, uncle of Patrick Henry, 3.

Robinson, John, speaker of House of Burgesses and treasurer of Virginia,
63;
attempt to conceal his defalcation by a "loan office," 63;
prevented by Henry, 64, 65.

Robinson, Rev. William, condemns Henry's behavior in Parsons' Cause, 86;
and describes his speech against the Stamp Act, 87.

Rodney, Cæsar, a member of first Continental Congress, 108;
of second, 175.

Rush, Dr. Benjamin, said by Washington to be author of anonymous letter
to Henry, 249, 250.

Rutledge, Edward, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress, 105,
106;
a member of it, 108;
praises Galloway's plan of reconciliation, 115.

Rutledge, John, meets John Adams at Continental Congress, 106;
a member of it, 108;
debates question of manner of voting, 112;
on committee to prepare address to the king, 117;
at second Continental Congress, 173;
as governor of South Carolina receives extraordinary powers, 228;
nomination for chief justice rejected by Senate, 403.

Schuyler, General Philip, his departure from Philadelphia as general
envied by John Adams, 154;
on committee of second Continental Congress, 172.

Shelton, Sarah, marries Patrick Henry, 7;
her death, 189.

Sherlock, Bishop Thomas, his sermons favorite reading of Henry, 391, 394.

Sherman, Roger, a member of first Continental Congress, 108.

Shippen, William, entertains delegates to Continental Congress, 106.

Slavery, opinions of Henry concerning, 388-389.

Simcoe, John Graves, a dashing partisan fighter, 188.

Smith, Rev. John Blair, condemns Henry's agitation against ratifying
the Constitution, 317.

Smith, Meriwether, opposes ratification of federal Constitution, 320.

Smith, Rev. William, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress, 105.

Spain, alliance with, desired by Henry in 1776, 194;
offers commercial privileges in return for abandonment of Mississippi
navigation, 307.

Speece, Rev. Conrad, describes Henry's eloquence in a murder trial,
378-381.

Spotswood, Alexander, grandfather of Henry's second wife, 241.

Sprout, Rev. ----, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress, 105.

Stamp Act, protested against by Virginia Assembly, 65;
discussion whether to resist or submit after its passage, 66, 67;
resolutions against, introduced by Henry, 69, 71;
debate over, 71-74;
passage, reconsideration, and amendment, 75, 76;
influence in rousing other colonies against, 77-88.

Stamp Act Congress, proposed by Massachusetts, 80;
its success caused by Virginia resolutions, 81 ff.

Stark, John, his victory in 1777 at Bennington, 240.

State sovereignty, declared to be abolished by Henry before 1774, 111,
112;
its preservation demanded by Virginia in any confederation, 197;
not advocated in its extreme form by Henry during Revolution and
Confederation, 303-306;
considered by Henry to be threatened by federal Constitution, 324-330;
expressly reserved by convention in ratifying, 331.

Stephen, Adam, on committee for arming Virginia militia, 151;
taunts Henry in ratifying convention of 1788, 335.

Steptoe, Dr. ----, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress, 106.

Sullivan, John, at first Continental Congress, 108;
answers Henry's speech in first day's debate, 110.

Syme, Mrs. Sarah, described by Colonel William Byrd, 1, 2;
marries John Henry, 2;
mother of Patrick Henry, 2;
her family, 4;
letter mentioning his absence in Congress, 126;
her death and character, 299.

Syme, Colonel ----, step-brother of Henry, reported to have denied his
complicity in dictatorship project, 226.

Tarleton, Sir Banastre, a dashing partisan fighter, 188;
sent by Cornwallis to capture Virginia legislature, 279;
nearly succeeds, 280.

Taylor, John, of Caroline, his pronunciation, 11.

Thacher, Oxenbridge, expresses his admiration for the Virginia
Resolves, 82.

Thomson, Charles, the "Sam Adams" of Philadelphia, 104;
meets John Adams at Continental Congress, 105;
nominated for secretary, 107;
accepts position, 108, 109;
describes Henry's first speech, 109.

Tillotson, Archbishop John, his sermons enjoyed by Henry, 391.

Tobacco, its use as currency and to pay salaries, 37 ff.

Tories, loathed by Henry, 274;
popular execration of, 289;
repeal of their exile favored by Henry, 290-291.

Tucker, St. George, describes debate on military resolutions in
Virginia convention, 137;
describes motives of Henry's opponents, 137;
describes his speech, 143, 144;
agreement of his version with Wirt's, 150;
fears that Jefferson will be no more active than Henry, 269.

Tyler, Judge John, reports Henry's narrative of his bar examination,
24, 25;
gives anecdote of Henry's speech against Stamp Act, 73, note;
said to have been author of Wirt's version of Henry's militia speech,
150;
with Henry in flight from Tarleton, 281, 282;
opposes Henry's bill to relieve Tories, 290;
opposes ratification of federal Constitution, 320;
helps Henry in debate, 320.

Union of the colonies, advocated by Henry as necessary prelude to
independence, 194, 199, 304.

Virginia, education in, 5, 13;
dialects in, 11;
society in, 21;
church government in, 37;
pays ministers in tobacco, 37, 38;
makes vestry liable for salary, 39;
passes option laws to prevent clergy from profiting from high price
of tobacco, 40, 41;
injustice of action, 42;
popularity of laws in, 43;
popular reluctance to grant clergy legal redress, 44, 45, 48;
the Parsons' Cause, 46-55;
enthusiasm in, for eloquence, 60;
popular affection for Henry begun by Parsons' Cause, 59, 60;
repudiation of Stamp Act, 66-76;
old leaders of, displaced by Henry, 66, 71, 88, 89;
officials of, angered by Henry's resolutions, 86;
popular enthusiasm for Henry, 88, 89;
courts in, closed by Revolution, 92;
conservative and radical parties in, 95;
practical unanimity of opinion, 95, 96;
its influence in Continental Congress, 113;
officers of its militia prepared for war, 131;
raises militia in various counties, 131, 133, 136;
first overt act of war in, committed by Henry, 155;
popular indignation at Dunmore's seizure of gunpowder, 157;
its volunteer companies persuaded not to attack him, 157;
expedition led by Henry forces Dunmore to make restitution, 158-160;
outbreak of popular approval of Henry's action, 164-167;
defense of, intrusted to Henry under Committee of Safety, 177;
operations of Dunmore in, 178, 179;
its troops defeat him, 179, 180;
indignation among them at Henry's treatment by Committee of Safety,
181-184;
celebrates with enthusiasm the resolution in favor of independence,
199;
effect of its example, 200;
aristocratic and democratic parties in, 200-202;
Virginia troops congratulate Henry on election as governor, 214;
high ideal held by Virginians of dignity of governor, 219, 300;
danger of attacks upon State urged by Washington, 221;
prepares for defense, 222, 223;
efforts of Henry to recruit in, 237, 238;
receives great demands for supplies, 241;
popular opinion condemns R. H. Lee for hostility to Washington, 252,
253;
decay of military spirit in, 253, 254;
ravaged by Matthews and Collier, 257, 264-267;
sends Clark's successful expedition into Northwest, 258-260;
decline of patriotism in, 274;
ravaged by Arnold and Phillips, 278;
great antipathy in, to project of abandoning Mississippi navigation,
308;
majority of people at outset favor Constitution, 315;
effect of Henry's exertions in turning tide, 316, 317;
supposed disunion feeling, 317;
importance Of Virginia's action, 318;
party divisions in State, 319, 320;
party divisions and leaders in convention, 320;
influence of Virginia's demands in forcing Congress to propose ten
amendments, 355, 356;
prepares to resist government at time of alien and sedition laws, 408;
its leaders condemned by Henry, 409;
its policy deplored by Washington, 413.

Virginia resolutions of 1765, 69-75;
their effect, 77-89.
See Legislature of Virginia, and Stamp Act, authorship of, 83-85.

Virginia resolutions of 1798, written by Madison, 408;
condemned by Henry as unconstitutional, 417, 418.

Walker, Benjamin, sent by Henry to Washington as secret messenger, 236;
taken by Washington as an aide-de-camp, 237.

Walker, Jeremiah, moderator of Baptist convention, 217.

Walker, Thomas, defendant in British debts case, 360.

Ward, Samuel, meets John Adams at first Continental Congress, 105;
debates question of manner of voting, 112;
chairman of committee of the whole in second Continental Congress, 171.

Warrington, Rev. Thomas, brings suit for damages after annulling of
option law, 44.

Washington, George, appointed delegate to Continental Congress, 99;
describes journey, 101;
described by Atkinson, 102;
on committee for arming Virginia militia, 151;
on other committees, 152;
his military command envied by Hancock and Adams, 154;
notified by Virginia troops of readiness to attack Dunmore, 157;
letter of Henry to, recommending Frazer, 175;
thanked by Virginia convention, 176;
doubts Henry's fitness to command in the field, 186;
his defeats in 1776, 221;
congratulates Henry on his election as governor, 221;
warns him against British raids, 221;
letter of Carter to, sneering at Henry, 222, 223;
receives extraordinary powers from Congress, 227;
called a dictator in 1781, 229;
surprises Hessians at Trenton, 235;
his situation in 1777, 236;
embarrassed by Henry's sending Walker to observe the army, 236, 237;
letter of Henry to, on military situation in Virginia, 238;
his movements in 1777-1778, 240, 241;
Conway cabal formed against, 242;
attacked in anonymous letter to Henry, 244, 245;
receives two letters of warning from Henry on the subject, 245-248;
his grateful replies to Henry's letters, 248-250;
describes Dr. Rush as author of the anonymous letter, 249, 250;
describes other members of cabal, 250;
his deep friendship for Henry, 251, 252;
letter of Henry to, describing Indian troubles, 263;
repeatedly praises Henry's activity and assistance, 269, 270;
considered as possible dictator in 1781, 286;
asks Henry's advice concerning shares in canal companies, 300, 301;
receives Henry's replies, 301, 302;
told by Madison of Henry's change of opinion relative to strengthening
the Confederation, 310, 311;
sends copy of new Constitution to Henry, 313;
his reply, 313;
assured that Henry will not prevent a convention in Virginia, 314;
not in Virginia ratifying convention, 319;
grieved by Henry's persistent opposition, 341;
letters of Madison to, on Henry's opposition to Constitution, 343;
rejoices that Henry will submit, yet fears his opposition, 344, 346;
his administration at first criticised then approved by Henry, 397;
reconciled to Henry by Lee, 399-401;
expresses unabated regard for him, 399;
receives Henry's warm reply, 400, 401;
offers Henry secretaryship of state, 402;
offers him the chief-justiceship, 403;
appointed to command provisional army, 407;
appeals to Henry to leave retirement to combat Virginia Democratic
party, 413, 414.

Webster, Daniel, his interview with Jefferson concerning Henry, 10, 23.

White, Rev. Alexander, brings suit for damages after annulling of option
law, 45.

William and Mary College, studies of Jefferson at, 22.

Williams, John, clerk of Baptist convention in Virginia, 217.

Wilson, James, member of second Continental Congress, on committees, 172,
174.

Winston, William, uncle of Patrick Henry, his eloquence, 5.

Winston, ----, judges murder case, 376.

Winstons of Virginia, kinsmen of Patrick Henry, 4;
their characteristics, 4, 5.