Chapter I: Front Matter

HISTORICAL APPROACH

CHAPTER I

THE PRESENT SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SOCRATIC ETHIC

I. History as rebarbarization 5

II. Philosophy as disintegrator 6

III. Individualism in Athens 7

IV. The Sophists 9

V. Intelligence as virtue 12

VI. The meaning of virtue 15

VII. “Instinct” and “reason” 23

VIII. The secularization of morals 27

IX. “Happiness” and “virtue” 31

X. The Socratic challenge 33

CHAPTER II

PLATO: PHILOSOPHY AS POLITICS

I. The man and the artist 36

II. How to solve the social problem 40

III. On making philosopher-kings 44

IV. Dishonest democracy 52

V. Culture and slavery 55

VI. Plasticity and order 60

VII. The meaning of justice 62

VIII. The future of Plato 64

CHAPTER III

FRANCIS BACON AND THE SOCIAL POSSIBILITIES OF SCIENCE

I. From Plato to Bacon 67

II. Character 69

III. The expurgation of the intellect 70

IV. Knowledge is power 74

V. The socialization of science 76

VI. Science and Utopia 79

VII. Scholasticism in science 81

VIII. The Asiatics of Europe 85

CHAPTER IV

SPINOZA ON THE SOCIAL PROBLEM

I. Hobbes 90

II. The spirit of Spinoza 91

III. Political ethics 93

IV. Is man a political animal? 95

V. What the social problem is 98

VI. Free speech 101

VII. Virtue as power 105

VIII. Freedom and order 108

IX. Democracy and intelligence 112

X. The legacy of Spinoza 115