Chapter I: Preface

The following pages contain what is, I believe, the only full account of the life and works of Perugino in the English language. It is based upon a careful examination of almost every one of his works to be found in Europe, and upon a critical study of their characteristics. The labours of other investigators have, however, been laid under contribution, and I am especially indebted to the works of Crowe and Cavalcaselle, Morelli, Mariotti, Orsini, and Vasari, and also to the works and advice of Mr. Bernhard Berenson, Mrs. Herringham, and Dr. Laurie, and to the writings and researches of M. Broussolle. To the Archbishop of Trebizond (Monsignore Stonor) I am most grateful for obtaining permission for me to study the Albani altar-piece, and to Prince Torlonia for kindly granting my request, and also to His Excellency Lord Currie for constant and never-failing aid in regard to all the other Italian galleries. Signor Cecchetti has helped me to obtain good photographs of the pictures in and near to Città della Pieve, Miss Fearon has kindly re-measured some of the Italian pictures for me, and the Rev. H. R. Ware, and the Rev. T. C Robson, have given me much help in rendering the Latin verse of Perugino into English verse. To each and all of these I offer my hearty thanks. I have also to thank the Directors of the Vatican and Perugia galleries for special facilities afforded me; Mr. Murray for permission to quote from his handbooks, and the photographers for the use of their photographs, and finally to beg that if by chance I have made use of other material without the fullest acknowledgment, the omission may be forgiven me inasmuch as I have endeavoured to avoid so serious a fault. My own divergences from the accepted views will be found fully recorded in these pages, and are in every case founded upon personal study, and for them I alone am responsible.

G. C. W.

CONTENTS

PAGE

=List of Illustrations= ix

Bibliography xiii

Chapter

I. =Birth, Masters, and Environment= 1

II. =Early Days= 19

III. =Technique, Pigments, and Vehicles= 33

IV. =Wanderings= 39

V. =The Story of the Pillage= 47

VI. =In Full Strength= 58

VII. =The Cambio= 74

VIII. =Florence, Perugia, and Città della Pieve= 83

IX. =Age, Infirmity, Dignity, and Death= 99

X. =St. Sebastian= 115

=Catalogue of the Works of Perugino=--

=Austria-Hungary= 121

=Belgium= 122

=British Isles= 122

=France= 127

=Germany= 131

=Italy= 133

=Chronological List of Pictures= 155

=Index= 157

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

The Family of St. Anne, _Frontispiece_ _Marseilles_

Figure of St. Sebastian at Cerqueto, 1478 10

The Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter
(double plate) _Sistine Chapel, Rome_ 14

{Predella panel from }
The Baptism of Christ {the San Pietro altar-piece } _Rouen_ 18
{(Perugia) }

Madonna and Child enthroned, with four Saints _Vatican Gallery_ 22

The Crucifixion _La Calza, Florence_ 24

The Dead Christ _Accademia, Florence_ 26

Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane _Accademia, Florence_ 26

The Albani altar-piece (double plate) 1491 _Villa Albani, Rome_ 28

The Fiesole altar-piece, 1493 _Uffizi Palace, Florence_ 30

Portrait of Francesco delle Opere, 1494 _Uffizi Palace, Florence_ 40

The Ascension of Christ _Borgo San Sepolcro_ 42

The Entombment of Christ, 1495 _Pitti Palace, Florence_ 44

Saint Benedict, from the San Pietro
(Perugia) altar-piece _The Vatican, Rome_ 52

The Virgin appearing to St. Bernard _Munich_ 62

The Virgin in Glory, 1496 _Bologna Gallery_ 64

The Crucifixion (double plate)
_Sta. Maria Maddalena del Pazzi, Florence_ 66

The Certosa three-fold altar-piece (double plate) _National Gallery, London_ 68

The Madonna and Child with penitents, 1497 _Perugia Gallery_ 70

The Intercession of St. Francis on behalf
of Perugia _Perugia Gallery_ 70

The Crucifixion _Accademia, Florence_ 72

Fortitude and Temperance with the Warriors _The Cambio, Perugia_ 76

Portrait of Perugino, 1500 _The Cambio, Perugia_ 78

The Assumption of The Virgin, 1500 _Accademia, Florence_ 82

Portrait of the Abbot Baldassare of
Vallombrosa _Accademia, Florence_ 84

Portrait of Don Biagio Milanesi of
Vallombrosa _Accademia, Florence_ 84

The Resurrection _Vatican Gallery_ 86

The Crucifixion (painted around a
wooden crucifix) _Perugia Gallery_ 88

Letter from Perugino, 20th February 1504 _Città della Pieve_ 90

Letter from Perugino, 1st March 1504 _Città della Pieve_ 90

Letter from Perugino, 30th March 1512 _Perugia Gallery_ 90

The Adoration of the Magi, 1504 _Città della Pieve_ 92

The Deposition (Filippino Lippi and
Perugino), 1505 _Accademia, Florence_ 94

The Schiavone altar-piece, 1507 _National Gallery_ 100

The Crucifixion, 1510 _St. Augustine's, Siena_ 102

St. Sebastian and St. Apollonia, from the
Sant' Agostino (Perugia) altar-piece _Grenoble Gallery_ 106

The Holy Trinity and various Saints
(Raphael and Perugino), 1505 and 1521 _San Severo, Perugia_ 106

The Adoration of the Magi, 1521 _Sta. Maria, Trevi_ 108

The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian, 1518 _Perugia Gallery_ 118

BIBLIOGRAPHY

=Austin, Alfred.= "Notes made in Perugia." (An article.)

=Bell, N.= "Tourists' Art Guide to Europe." London, 1893.

=Bonacci Brunamonti.= "Pietro Perugino" in "Rivista Contemperanea," i. 1889. Fasc. 2.

=Brachirolli.= "Notizie e documenti inediti intorno a Pietro Vannucci." Perugia, 1874.

=Burckhardt.= "Art Guide to Painting in Italy." London, 1879.

=Bryan.= "Dictionary of Painters." London, 1893.

=Berenson, B.= "Central Italian Painters." London, 1897.

=Broussolle, J. C.= "Pèlerinages Ombriens." Paris, 1896.

=Cennino Cennini.= "Trattato della Pittura." Italian, sixteenth century.

"=Cennino Cennini=, The Book of the Art of." Translated by Mrs. Herringham. London, 1899.

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=Church, A. H.= "Cantor Lectures on Colours." London, 1890.

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=Galetti, G.= "Lo Stile di Pietro Perugino e l'indirizzo dell' Arte Moderna." Bologna, 1887.

="Gazette des Beaux Arts."=

=Hare, A.= "Cities of Central Italy." London, 1876.

=Heaton, Mrs.= "History of Painting." London, 1873.

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=Jameson, Mrs.= All her works. London, 1872.

=Kugler.= "Handbook of Painting." London, 1855.

=Lanzi, Luigi.= "Storia Pittorica della Italia." Bassano, 1809.

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=Laurie, A. P.= "Cantor Lectures on Vehicles and Pigments." London, 1892.

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=Lupattelli, A.= "Petit Guide de Pérouse." Paris, 1895.

=Lee, Vernon.= "In Umbria." (Articles.)

=Muntz, E.= "Raphael." Translated by Armstrong. London, 1882.

=Muntz, M.= "La fin de la Renaissance."

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=Mezzanotte.= "Della vita e delle opere di Pietro Vannucci." Perugia, 1836.

=Morelli.= "Italian Painters in German Galleries." London, 1882.

=Morelli.= "Italian Painters," Vols. i. and ii. London, 1892-3.

=Morelli.= "Della Pittura Italiana." Milan, 1897.

=Mariotti.= "Lettere Pittoriche Perugine." 1788.

=Orsini.= "Vita e Elegio dell' egregio pittore Perugino e degli Scolari di esso." Perugia, 1804.

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=Passavant, J. D.= "Raphael d' Urbin et son père." Appendix, 445-461. "Essai sur les Peintres de l'Ombrie." Paris, 1860.

=Poynter, Sir E. J.= "Classical and Italian Painting." 1897.

=Phillips, Claud.= "Perugino" in the "Portfolio." London, 1893.

=Rio, A. F.= "De l'Art Chrétien." Paris, 1874.

=Ris, Clement De.= "Les Musées de Province de France."

=Rosini.= "Storia della Pittura Italiana." Pisa, 1847.

=Rumohr.= "Italienische Forschungen," ii.

=Rossi, A.= "Storia artistica del Cambio di Perugia." Perugia, 1874.

=Rossi-Scotti.= "Guida Illustrata di Perugia." Perugia, 1878.

=Rea, Hope.= "Tuscan Artists." London, 1898.

=Symonds and Gordon.= "Story of Perugia." London, 1898.

=Symonds, J. A.= "Italian Byeways."

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=Symonds, J. A.= "Renaissance in Italy." London, 1877.

=Vasari, G.= "Delle Vite de piu Eccelenti Pittori." Firenze, 1550

=Vasari, G.= Mrs Foster's Translation. London, 1894.

=Vasari, G.= Blashfield and Hopkin's Edition. London, 1897.

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=Viardot.= "Les Merveilles de la Peinture." Paris, 1870.

=Woltman and Woerman.= "History of Painting." 1880.

=Yriarte, C.= "Isabella d'Este et les artistes de son temps."

ERRATUM

The Illustration facing page 100 should be described as _The Beckford Altar-piece_, and not as _The Schiavone Altar-piece of 1507_.

The Schiavone Altar-piece named on pages 99 and 100 is not illustrated in the volume.

G. C. W.

PERUGINO